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Shi Z, Han Z, Huang W, Zhang Y, Wei J, Zhang X, Chen C, Zhang J. Electro-Thermo-Magnetic Effect-Induced Large Thermoelectric Performance of Calcium Cobaltite Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43617-43625. [PMID: 39133770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
As attractive thermoelectric oxides, Ca3Co4O9-based materials have been intensively studied for their applications in recent years. However, their thermoelectric performance is enormously limited due to the contradiction of electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. Herein, BaFe12O19 nanospheres were introduced into the Ca3Co4O9 matrix. The metallic Ag, ferrites, and matrix phase survived together, and a high density of nanoscale BaFe12O19 precipitation was observed. The reduction of work function could lead to band bending and form an interface potential due to the electro-thermo-magnetic effect contributing to the hole migration. As a result, a huge ZT value of 0.51 for the 8 wt % BaFe12O19/Ca3Co4O9 nanocomposites was obtained at 1073 K, accompanied by a low electrical resistivity of 6.7 mΩ·cm and a high Seebeck coefficient of 217.5 μV/K. In addition, a significant reduction of thermal conductivity (1.11 W/(m·K)) occurred, which was due to the nanoscale ferromagnetic phase effectively scattering the mid- and short-wavelength heat-carrying phonons. The synergistic enhancement of thermoelectric performance confirmed that the electro-thermo-magnetic effect is an effective way to solve the challenging problem of performance deterioration in oxide thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmo Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R.China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Chanli Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Junzhan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
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Li Z, Wu H, Cao H, Liang L, Han Y, Yang J, Song Y, Burda C. Improved Ultrafast Carrier Relaxation and Charge Transfer Dynamics in CuI Films and Their Heterojunctions via Sn Doping. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9072-9078. [PMID: 36154177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CuI is one of the promising hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells. However, its tendency to form defects is currently limiting its use for device applications. Here, we report the successful improvement of CuI through Sn doping and the direct measurement of the carrier relaxation and interfacial charge-transfer processes in Sn-doped CuI films and their heterostructures. Femtosecond-transient absorption (fs-TA) measurements reveal that Sn doping effectively passivates the trap states within the bandgap of CuI. The I-V characteristics of heterostructures demonstrate drastic improvement in transport characteristics upon Sn doping. Fs-TA measurements further confirm that the CuSnI/ZnO heterojunction has a type-II configuration with ultrafast charge transfer (<280 fs). The charge transfer time of a CuI/ZnO heterostructure is ∼2.8 times slower than that of the CuSnI/ZnO heterostructure, indicating that Sn doping suppresses the interfacial states that retard the charge transfer. These results elucidate the effect of Sn doping on the performance of CuI-based heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguo Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Haijuan Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Lingyan Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yinglin Song
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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3
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Liao Y, Xie J, Lv B, Xiao Q, Xie Q. Determination of the interface band alignment of Mg
2
Si/4H‐SiC heterojuction for potential photodetector application. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfang Liao
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - Bing Lv
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - Qingquan Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, College of Big Data and Information Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Quan Xie
- Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, College of Big Data and Information Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang China
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Kang DY, Kim BH, Lee TH, Shim JW, Kim S, Sung HJ, Chang KJ, Kim TG. Dopant-Tunable Ultrathin Transparent Conductive Oxides for Efficient Energy Conversion Devices. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:211. [PMID: 34657227 PMCID: PMC8520554 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin film-based transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) with a broad work function (WF) tunability are highly demanded for efficient energy conversion devices. However, reducing the film thickness below 50 nm is limited due to rapidly increasing resistance; furthermore, introducing dopants into TCOs such as indium tin oxide (ITO) to reduce the resistance decreases the transparency due to a trade-off between the two quantities. Herein, we demonstrate dopant-tunable ultrathin (≤ 50 nm) TCOs fabricated via electric field-driven metal implantation (m-TCOs; m = Ni, Ag, and Cu) without compromising their innate electrical and optical properties. The m-TCOs exhibit a broad WF variation (0.97 eV), high transmittance in the UV to visible range (89-93% at 365 nm), and low sheet resistance (30-60 Ω cm-2). Experimental and theoretical analyses show that interstitial metal atoms mainly affect the change in the WF without substantial losses in optical transparency. The m-ITOs are employed as anode or cathode electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), inorganic UV LEDs, and organic photovoltaics for their universal use, leading to outstanding performances, even without hole injection layer for OLED through the WF-tailored Ni-ITO. These results verify the proposed m-TCOs enable effective carrier transport and light extraction beyond the limits of traditional TCOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yun Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jun Sung
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Joo Chang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Yuan X, Pei F, Luo X, Hu H, Qian H, Wen P, Miao K, Guo S, Wang W, Feng G. Fabrication of ZnO/Au@Cu2O heterojunction towards deeply oxidative photodegradation of organic dyes. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Montero J, Welearegay T, Thyr J, Stopfel H, Dedova T, Acik IO, Österlund L. Copper-zinc oxide heterojunction catalysts exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity prepared by a hybrid deposition method. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10224-10234. [PMID: 35423477 PMCID: PMC8695732 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00691f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterojunction copper-zinc oxide catalysts were prepared by a hybrid two-step methodology comprising hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NR) followed by deposition of Cu2O nanoparticles using an advanced gas deposition technique (AGD). The obtained bicatalysts were characterized by SEM, AFM, XRD, XPS, PL and spectrophotometry and revealed well-dispersed and crystalline Cu2O nanoparticles attached to the ZnO-NR. The adsorption properties and photocatalytic degradation of Orange II dye in water solutions were measured. It was found that the bicatalysts exhibited a conversion rate and quantum yield that both were about 50% higher compared with ZnO-NR alone, which were attributed to the intrinsic electric field created at the p-n junction formed at the Cu2O/ZnO interface facilitating charge separation of electron-hole pairs formed upon interband photon absorption. The interpretation was evidenced by efficient quenching of characteristic deep level ZnO photoluminescence bands and photoelectron core-level energy shifts. By comparisons with known energy levels in Cu2O and ZnO, the effect was found to be most pronounced for the non-polar ZnO-NR side facets, which accounted for about 95% of the exposed surface area of the catalyst and hence the majority of dye adsorption. It was also found that the dye adsorption capacity of the ZnO nanorods increased considerably after Cu2O deposition thereby facilitating the oxidation of the dye. The results imply the possibility of judiciously aligning band edges on structurally controlled and well-connected low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures using combined two-step synthesis techniques, where in particular vacuum-based techniques such as AGD allow for growth of well-connected nanocrystals with well developed heterojunction interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Montero
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 35 SE-75103 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tesfalem Welearegay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 35 SE-75103 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jakob Thyr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 35 SE-75103 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Henry Stopfel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 35 SE-75103 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tatjana Dedova
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology Ehitajate tee 5 19086 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Ilona Oja Acik
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology Ehitajate tee 5 19086 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Lars Österlund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 35 SE-75103 Uppsala Sweden
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7
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Construction of carboxyl position-controlled Z-scheme n-ZnO/p-Cu2O heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic property for different pollutants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Continuously Improved Photocatalytic Performance of Zn 2SnO 4/SnO 2/Cu 2O Composites by Structural Modulation and Band Alignment Modification. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101390. [PMID: 31569350 PMCID: PMC6835881 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Improving the photocatalytic performance of multi-component photocatalysts through structural modulation and band alignment engineering has attracted great interest in the context of solar energy utilization and conversion. In our work, Zn2SnO4/SnO2 hierarchical architectures comprising nanorod building block assemblies were first achieved via a facile solvothermal synthesis route with lysine and ethylenediamine (EDA) as directing agents, and then chemically etched in NaOH solution to enlarge the surface area and augment active sites. The etched Zn2SnO4/SnO2 hierarchical architectures were further decorated by Cu2O nanoparticles though an in situ chemical deposition method based on band alignment engineering. In comparison with unetched Zn2SnO4/SnO2, the specific surface area of Zn2SnO4/SnO2/Cu2O hierarchical architectures became larger, and the responsive region and absorbance intensity became wider and higher in the whole visible-light range. Zn2SnO4/SnO2/Cu2O hybrid photocatalysts presented enormously improved visible-light photocatalytic behaviour for Rhodamine B (RhB) decomposition. The enhancement of photocatalytic behaviour was dominantly attributed to the synergy effect of the larger specific surface area, higher light absorption capacity, and more effective photo-induced charge carrier separation and migration. A proposed mechanism for the enormously promoted photocatalytic behaviour is brought forth on the basis of the energy-band structure combined with experimental results.
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9
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Yu Y, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Dong H, Liu Y, Wei M, Huo P, Li C, Yan Y. Construction of the biomass carbon quantum dots modified heterojunction Bi2WO6/Cu2O photocatalysis for enhancing light utilization and mechanism insight. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Deyu GK, Hunka J, Roussel H, Brötz J, Bellet D, Klein A. Electrical Properties of Low-Temperature Processed Sn-Doped In 2O 3 Thin Films: The Role of Microstructure and Oxygen Content and the Potential of Defect Modulation Doping. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142232. [PMID: 31373290 PMCID: PMC6678076 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature-processed ITO thin films offer the potential of overcoming the doping limit by suppressing the equilibrium of compensating oxygen interstitial defects. To elucidate this potential, electrical properties of Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) thin films are studied in dependence on film thickness. In-operando conductivity and Hall effect measurements during annealing of room-temperature-deposited films, together with different film thickness in different environments, allow to discriminate between the effects of crystallization, grain growth, donor activation and oxygen diffusion on carrier concentrations and mobilities. At 200∘C, a control of carrier concentration by oxygen incorporation or extraction is only dominant for very thin films. The electrical properties of thicker films deposited at room temperature are mostly affected by the grain size. The remaining diffusivity of compensating oxygen defects at 200∘C is sufficient to screen the high Fermi level induced by deposition of Al2O3 using atomic layer deposition (ALD), which disables the use of defect modulation doping at this temperature. The results indicate that achieving higher carrier concentrations in ITO thin films requires a control of the oxygen pressure during deposition in combination with seed layers to enhance crystallinity or the use of near room temperature ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Kacha Deyu
- Electronic Structure of Materials, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, 38 000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jonas Hunka
- Electronic Structure of Materials, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hervé Roussel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, 38 000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joachim Brötz
- Structural Research, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, 38 000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas Klein
- Electronic Structure of Materials, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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11
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Cai C, Zhao Y, Xie S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liang C, Niu Z, Shi Y, Li Y, Che R. Heterointerface-Driven Band Alignment Engineering and its Impact on Macro-Performance in Semiconductor Multilayer Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900837. [PMID: 31018045 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces in semiconductor heterostructures is of continuously greater significance in the trend of scaling materials down to the atomic limit. Since atoms tend to behave more irregularly around interfaces than in internal materials, accurate energy band alignment becomes a major challenge, which determines the ultimate performance of devices. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between heterointerface, energy band, and macro-performance is desiderated. Here, such interplay is explored by investigating asymmetric heterointerfaces with identical fabrication parameters in multiple-quantum-well lasers. The unexpected asymmetry derives from the atomic discrepancy around heterointerfaces, which ultimately improves the optical property through altered valence band offsets. Strain and charge distribution around heterointerfaces are characterized via geometric phase analysis and in situ bias electron holography, respectively. Combining experiments with theories, arsenic-enrichment at one of the interfaces is considered the origin of asymmetry. To reveal actual band alignment, valence band model is modified focusing on the transition around heterojunctions. The enhanced photoluminescence intensity reflects the alleviation of hole confinement insufficiency and the enlargement of valence band offset. The results help to advance the understanding of the general problem of interface in nanostructures and provide guidance applicable to various scenarios for micro-macro correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Cai
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shengwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yingqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Chongyun Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhichuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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12
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Borgwardt M, Omelchenko ST, Favaro M, Plate P, Höhn C, Abou-Ras D, Schwarzburg K, van de Krol R, Atwater HA, Lewis NS, Eichberger R, Friedrich D. Femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission studies of ultrafast carrier relaxation in Cu 2O photoelectrodes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2106. [PMID: 31068589 PMCID: PMC6506537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a promising material for solar-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen. However, the relatively small accessible photovoltage limits the development of efficient Cu2O based photocathodes. Here, femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy has been used to probe the electronic structure and dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers at the Cu2O surface as well as the interface between Cu2O and a platinum (Pt) adlayer. By referencing ultrafast energy-resolved surface sensitive spectroscopy to bulk data we identify the full bulk to surface transport dynamics for excited electrons rapidly localized within an intrinsic deep continuous defect band ranging from the whole crystal volume to the surface. No evidence of bulk electrons reaching the surface at the conduction band level is found resulting into a substantial loss of their energy through ultrafast trapping. Our results uncover main factors limiting the energy conversion processes in Cu2O and provide guidance for future material development. While cuprous oxide is a promising solar-to-fuel conversion material, photoelectrochemical devices substantially underperform. Here, the authors use femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy to correlate photoexcited electron energetics and dynamics with performance losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Borgwardt
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan T Omelchenko
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,The Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Marco Favaro
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Plate
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Höhn
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Abou-Ras
- Department Nanoscale Structures and Microscopic Analysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarzburg
- Department Nanoscale Structures and Microscopic Analysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,The Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- The Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Rainer Eichberger
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dennis Friedrich
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Xia X, Taylor A, Zhao Y, Guldin S, Blackman C. Use of a New Non-Pyrophoric Liquid Aluminum Precursor for Atomic Layer Deposition. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091429. [PMID: 31052512 PMCID: PMC6540254 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An Al2O3 thin film has been grown by vapor deposition using different Al precursors. The most commonly used precursor is trimethylaluminum, which is highly reactive and pyrophoric. In the purpose of searching for a more ideal Al source, the non-pyrophoric aluminum tri-sec-butoxide ([Al(OsBu)3], ATSB) was introduced as a novel precursor for atomic layer deposition (ALD). After demonstrating the deposition of Al2O3 via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and ‘pulsed CVD’ routes, the use of ATSB in an atomic layer deposition (ALD)-like process was investigated and optimized to achieve self-limiting growth. The films were characterized using spectral reflectance, ellipsometry and UV-Vis before their composition was studied. The growth rate of Al2O3 via the ALD-like process was consistently 0.12 nm/cycle on glass, silicon and quartz substrates under the optimized conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images of the ALD-deposited Al2O3 films deposited on complex nanostructures demonstrated the conformity, uniformity and good thickness control of these films, suggesting a potential of being used as the protection layer in photoelectrochemical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Alaric Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Chris Blackman
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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14
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Kim JS, Cho SW, Deshpande NG, Kim YB, Yun YD, Jung SH, Kim DS, Cho HK. Toward Robust Photoelectrochemical Operation of Cuprous Oxide Nanowire Photocathodes Using a Strategically Designed Solution-Processed Titanium Oxide Passivation Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14840-14847. [PMID: 30938151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, TiO2 films prepared by atomic layer deposition are widely used to prepare Cu2O nanowire (NW)-based photocathodes with photoelectrochemical (PEC) durability as this approach enables conformal coating and furnishes chemical robustness. However, this common approach requires complicated interlayers and makes the fabrication of photocathodes with reproducible performance and long-term stability difficult. Although sol-gel-based approaches have been well established for coating surfaces with oxide thin films, these techniques have rarely been studied for oxide passivation in PEC applications, because the sol-gel coating methods are strongly influenced by surface chemical bonding and have been mainly demonstrated on flat substrates. As a unique strategy based on solution processing, herein, we suggest a creative solution for two problems encountered in the conformal coating of surfaces with oxide layers: (i) how to effectively prevent corrosion of materials with hydrophilic surfaces by simply using a single TiO2 surface protection layer instead of a complex multilayer structure and (ii) guaranteeing perfect chemical durability. A Cu(OH)2 NW can be easily prepared as an intermediate phase by anodization of a Cu metal, where the former inherently possesses a hydrophilic hydroxylated surface and thus, enables thorough coating with TiO2 precursor solutions. Chemically robust nanowires are then generated as the final product via the phase transformation of Cu(OH)2 to Cu2O via sintering at 600 °C. The coated NWs exhibit excellent PEC properties and a stable performance. Consequently, the perfect chemical isolation of the Cu2O NWs from the electrolyte allows a remarkable PEC operation with the maintenance of the initial photocurrent for more than one day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Sung Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nishad G Deshpande
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Been Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dae Yun
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyeon Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Su Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Koun Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Periyannan S, Manceriu L, Nguyen ND, Klein A, Jaegermann W, Colson P, Henrist C, Cloots R. Influence of ZnO Surface Modification on the Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO/NiO Thin Films. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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CQDS preluded carbon-incorporated 3D burger-like hybrid ZnO enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity and mechanism implication. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Nordseth Ø, Kumar R, Bergum K, Fara L, Dumitru C, Craciunescu D, Dragan F, Chilibon I, Monakhov E, Foss SE, Svensson BG. Metal Oxide Thin-Film Heterojunctions for Photovoltaic Applications. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122593. [PMID: 30572661 PMCID: PMC6316250 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-based tandem solar cells incorporating low-cost, abundant, and non-toxic metal oxide materials can increase the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells beyond their conventional limitations with obvious economic and environmental benefits. In this work, the electrical characteristics of a metal oxide thin-film heterojunction solar cell based on a cuprous oxide (Cu2O) absorber layer were investigated. Highly Al-doped n-type ZnO (AZO) and undoped p-type Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by magnetron sputter deposition. The electrical and optical properties of these thin films were determined from Hall effect measurements and spectroscopic ellipsometry. After annealing the Cu2O film at 900 °C, the majority carrier (hole) mobility and the resistivity were measured at 50 cm2/V·s and 200 Ω·cm, respectively. Numerical modeling was carried out to investigate the effect of band alignment and interface defects on the electrical characteristics of the AZO/Cu2O heterojunction. The analysis suggests that the incorporation of a buffer layer can enhance the performance of the heterojunction solar cell as a result of reduced conduction band offset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ørnulf Nordseth
- Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Physics/Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristin Bergum
- Department of Physics/Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Laurentiu Fara
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania.
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independentei 54, RO-030167 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Constantin Dumitru
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Dan Craciunescu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florin Dragan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Irinela Chilibon
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics (INOE-2000), Bucharest-Magurele, Str. Atomiștilor 409, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania.
| | - Edouard Monakhov
- Department of Physics/Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sean Erik Foss
- Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Bengt Gunnar Svensson
- Department of Physics/Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Cots A, Bonete P, Gómez R. Improving the Stability and Efficiency of CuO Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Production through Modification with Iron. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26348-26356. [PMID: 30016591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cupric oxide (CuO) is considered as a promising photocathode material for photo(electro)chemical water splitting because of its suitable band gap, low cost related to copper earth abundancy, and straightforward fabrication. The main challenge for the development of practical CuO-based photocathodes for solar hydrogen evolution is to enhance its stability against photocorrosion. In this work, stable and efficient CuO photocathodes have been developed by using a simple and cost-effective methodology. CuO films, composed of nanowires and prepared by chemical oxidation of electrodeposited Cu, develop relatively high photocurrents in 1 M NaOH. However, this photocurrent appears to be partly associated with photocorrosion of CuO. It is significant though that, even unprotected, a faradaic efficiency for hydrogen evolution of ∼45% is attained. The incorporation of iron through an impregnation method, followed by a high-temperature thermal treatment for promoting the external phase transition of the nanowires from CuO to ternary copper iron oxide, was found to provide an improved stability at the expense of photocurrent, which decreases to about one-third of its initial value. In contrast, a faradaic efficiency for hydrogen evolution of ∼100% is achieved even in the absence of co-catalysts, which is ascribable to the favorable band positions of CuO and the iron copper ternary oxide in the core-shell structure of the nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Cots
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica , Universitat d'Alacant , Apartat 99 , E-03080 Alacant , Spain
| | - Pedro Bonete
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica , Universitat d'Alacant , Apartat 99 , E-03080 Alacant , Spain
| | - Roberto Gómez
- Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d'Electroquímica , Universitat d'Alacant , Apartat 99 , E-03080 Alacant , Spain
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19
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Lakhera SK, Watts A, Hafeez HY, Neppolian B. Interparticle double charge transfer mechanism of heterojunction α-Fe2O3/Cu2O mixed oxide catalysts and its visible light photocatalytic activity. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Sasmal AK, Nayak AK, Kartikeya P, Pradhan D, Pal T. Bond-Energy-Driven, Low- or High-Angle-Grain-Boundary-Movement-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Se-Te for Use in Water-Splitting Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41818-41826. [PMID: 29148703 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, for the first time, we applied the metal-metal-bond-energy factor to the evolution of a porous Se-Te alloy. The porous Se-Te material has been prepared from the constituents' elemental states, through only a heating-cooling process in silicone oil without the use of any reagent, surfactant, or capping agent. Surprisingly, the reaction occurred at a much lower temperature (240 °C) than the mp (450 °C) of Te0. The reaction's nucleation and growth by means of varied bond energy have been clarified for the first time. A difference in the bond energies of a hetero metal-metal bond (Se-Te) and a homo metal-metal bond (Se-Se) directs nucleation and growth toward the fabrication of a porous structure, even from the constituents' elemental states, in which low-angle-grain-boundary (LAGB) and high-angle-grain-boundary (HAGB) movements play governing roles. Proper band-gap alignment of Se and Te makes the alloy composite applicable to water-splitting reactions under Xe-arc-lamp illumination. PEC efficiency of Se-Te was found to be higher than those reported for Se and other composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Arpan Kumar Nayak
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Prashant Kartikeya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Debabrata Pradhan
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Tarasankar Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India
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21
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Liu H, Zhai H, Hu C, Yang J, Liu Z. Hydrothermal synthesis of In 2O 3 nanoparticles hybrid twins hexagonal disk ZnO heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic activities and stability. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:466. [PMID: 28747043 PMCID: PMC5526824 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In2O3 nanoparticles hybrid twins hexagonal disk (THD) ZnO with different ratios were fabricated by a hydrothermal method. The as-obtained ZnO/In2O3 composites are constituted by hexagonal disks ZnO with diameters of about 1 μm and In2O3 nanoparticles with sizes of about 20-50 nm. With the increase of In2O3 content in ZnO/In2O3 composites, the absorption band edges of samples shifted from UV to visible light region. Compared with pure ZnO, the ZnO/In2O3 composites show enhanced photocatalytic activities for degradation of methyl orange (MO) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) under solar light irradiation. Due to suitable alignment of their energy band-gap structure of the In2O3 and ZnO, the formation of type п heterostructure can enhance efficient separation of photo-generate electro-hole pairs and provides convenient carrier transfer paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Liu
- College of Physics and Materials science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haifa Zhai
- College of Physics and Materials science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Hu
- College of Physics and Materials science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jien Yang
- College of Physics and Materials science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- College of Physics and Materials science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
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22
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Kim K, Ryu JH, Kim J, Cho SJ, Liu D, Park J, Lee IK, Moody B, Zhou W, Albrecht J, Ma Z. Band-Bending of Ga-Polar GaN Interfaced with Al 2O 3 through Ultraviolet/Ozone Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:17576-17585. [PMID: 28447450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the band bending at the interface of GaN/dielectric under different surface treatment conditions is critically important for device design, device performance, and device reliability. The effects of ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3) treatment of the GaN surface on the energy band bending of atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) Al2O3 coated Ga-polar GaN were studied. The UV/O3 treatment and post-ALD anneal can be used to effectively vary the band bending, the valence band offset, conduction band offset, and the interface dipole at the Al2O3/GaN interfaces. The UV/O3 treatment increases the surface energy of the Ga-polar GaN, improves the uniformity of Al2O3 deposition, and changes the amount of trapped charges in the ALD layer. The positively charged surface states formed by the UV/O3 treatment-induced surface factors externally screen the effect of polarization charges in the GaN, in effect, determining the eventual energy band bending at the Al2O3/GaN interfaces. An optimal UV/O3 treatment condition also exists for realizing the "best" interface conditions. The study of UV/O3 treatment effect on the band alignments at the dielectric/III-nitride interfaces will be valuable for applications of transistors, light-emitting diodes, and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangeun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jae Ha Ryu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sang June Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jeongpil Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Baxter Moody
- HexaTech, Inc. , 991 Aviation Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington , 701 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - John Albrecht
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University , 428 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Zhenqiang Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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23
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Tangi M, Mishra P, Tseng CC, Ng TK, Hedhili MN, Anjum DH, Alias MS, Wei N, Li LJ, Ooi BS. Band Alignment at GaN/Single-Layer WSe 2 Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9110-9117. [PMID: 28222259 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the band discontinuity at the GaN/single-layer (SL) WSe2 heterointerface. The GaN thin layer is epitaxially grown by molecular beam epitaxy on chemically vapor deposited SL-WSe2/c-sapphire. We confirm that the WSe2 was formed as an SL from structural and optical analyses using atomic force microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman, absorbance, and microphotoluminescence spectra. The determination of band offset parameters at the GaN/SL-WSe2 heterojunction is obtained by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron affinities, and the electronic bandgap values of SL-WSe2 and GaN. The valence band and conduction band offset values are determined to be 2.25 ± 0.15 and 0.80 ± 0.15 eV, respectively, with type II band alignment. The band alignment parameters determined here provide a route toward the integration of group III nitride semiconducting materials with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for designing and modeling of their heterojunction-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malleswararao Tangi
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pawan Mishra
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chien-Chih Tseng
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tien Khee Ng
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Nejib Hedhili
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Sharizal Alias
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nini Wei
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S Ooi
- Photonics Laboratory, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, ‡Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Wang Z, Xu F, Wang H, Cui HN, Wang H. ZnO/Cu₂S/ZnO Multilayer Films: Structure Optimization and Its Detail Data for Applications on Photoelectric and Photocatalytic Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E37. [PMID: 28772398 PMCID: PMC5344558 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer Cu₂S and ZnO, and three kinds of complex films, Cu₂S/ZnO, ZnO/Cu₂S, and ZnO/Cu₂S/ZnO, were deposited on glass substrates by means of radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering device. The impact of the thickness of ZnO and Cu₂S on the whole transmittance, conductivity, and photocatalysis was investigated. The optical and electrical properties of the multilayer were studied by optical spectrometry and four point probes. Numerical simulation of the optical transmittance of the multilayer films has been carried out in order to guide the experimental work. The comprehensive performances of the multilayers as transparent conductive coatings were compared using the figure of merit. Compared with monolithic Cu₂S and ZnO films, both the optical transmission property and photocatalytic performance of complex films such as Cu₂S/ZnO and ZnO/Cu₂S/ZnO change significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Physics and College of Zhaoqing, Jilin University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
- Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Physics and College of Zhaoqing, Jilin University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
- Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - He Wang
- Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Physics and College of Zhaoqing, Jilin University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
- Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Cui
- Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Physics and College of Zhaoqing, Jilin University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
- Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Haishui Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Strategy for enhancing the solar-driven water splitting performance of TiO 2 nanorod arrays with thin Zn(O,S) passivated layer by atomic layer deposition. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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