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Xie R, Hu Y, Lee SL. A Paradigm Shift from 2D to 3D: Surface Supramolecular Assemblies and Their Electronic Properties Explored by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300413. [PMID: 36922729 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploring supramolecular architectures at surfaces plays an increasingly important role in contemporary science, especially for molecular electronics. A paradigm of research interest in this context is shifting from 2D to 3D that is expanding from monolayer, bilayers, to multilayers. Taking advantage of its high-resolution insight into monolayers and a few layers, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) turns out a powerful tool for analyzing such thin films on a solid surface. This review summarizes the representative efforts of STM/STS studies of layered supramolecular assemblies and their unique electronic properties, especially at the liquid-solid interface. The superiority of the 3D molecular networks at surfaces is elucidated and an outlook on the challenges that still lie ahead is provided. This review not only highlights the profound progress in 3D supramolecular assemblies but also provides researchers with unusual concepts to design surface supramolecular structures with increasing complexity and desired functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Xie
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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2
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Sahare S, Ghoderao P, Chan Y, Lee SL. Surface supramolecular assemblies tailored by chemical/physical and synergistic stimuli: a scanning tunneling microscopy study. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1981-2002. [PMID: 36515142 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05264d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assemblies formed by various non-covalent interactions can produce diverse functional networks on solid surfaces. These networks have recently attracted much interest from both fundamental and application points of view. Unlike covalent organic frameworks (COFs), the properties of the assemblies differ from each other depending on the constituent motifs. These various motifs may find diverse applications such as in crystal engineering, surface modification, and molecular electronics. Significantly, these interactions between/among the molecular tectonics are relatively weak and reversible, which makes them responsive to external stimuli. Moreover, for a liquid-solid-interface environment, the dynamic processes are amenable to in situ observation using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In the literature, most review articles focus on supramolecular self-assembly interactions. This review summarizes the recent literature in which stimulation sources, including chemical, physical, and their combined stimuli, cooperatively tailor supramolecular assemblies on surfaces. The appropriate design and synthesis of functional molecules that can be integrated on different surfaces permits the use of nanostructured materials and devices for bottom-up nanotechnology. Finally, we discuss synergic effect on materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sahare
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Prachi Ghoderao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Yue Chan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Gao H, Ke M, Zeng X, Miao X, Cheng X, Deng W. Chain-Length- and Concentration-Dependent Isomerization of Bithiophenyl-Based Diaminotriazine Derivatives in Two-Dimensional Polymorphic Self-Assembly §. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7005-7012. [PMID: 35609242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bithiophenyl-based diaminotriazine derivatives (2TDT-n, n = 10, 12, 16, and 18) with different chain lengths display colhex/p6mm mesophases. Their supramolecular self-assembled mechanism is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the 1-octanoic acid/graphite interface at various concentrations. The chain length effect on the two-dimensional adlayers is observed in this system, and 2TDT-n molecules show a structural phase transition from the four-leaf arrangement to the two-row linear nanostructure accompanied by the emergence of molecular isomerization with the increase of the side-chain length. The self-assembled structure of 2TDT-10 is composed of a four-leaf pattern with uniform s-cis conformers. In 2TDT-12, three kinds of nanostructures (bamboo-like, two-row linear pattern-I, and flower-like) are observed. These nanostructures are randomly constituted by cis and trans conformers, and the ratios of the s-cis conformer in three kinds of patterns are 55.7, 42.3, and 62.5%, respectively. Furthermore, when n = 16 and 18, the ratio of the s-cis conformer further decreases to 19.0 and 4.3%, respectively. Those molecules mainly form linear nanostructures consisting of s-trans conformers. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the side-chain length has a great effect on the self-assembled patterns and the molecular conformation of bithiophenyl-based diaminotriazine derivatives. Density functional theory calculations are applied to optimize molecular conformers and assess their single-point energies, showing that the s-cis conformation has higher energy than the s-trans conformer. We speculate that the ratio of two conformers in nanostructures might be similar to that of the liquid crystalline phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixue Ke
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Dai H, Huang W, Zeng Q. Temperature-induced self-assembly transformation: an effective external stimulus on 2D supramolecular structures. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of nano-characterization technology, imaging and controlling of two-dimension (2D) self-assembled supramolecular structures on the surface have drawn increasing attention in nanoscience and technology. As an important influence...
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Khan SB, Lee SL. Supramolecular Chemistry: Host-Guest Molecular Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:3995. [PMID: 34208882 PMCID: PMC8271753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have emphasized practical approaches for capturing coordinated and selective guest entrap. The physisorbed nanoporous supramolecular complexes have been widely used to restrain various guest species on compact supporting surfaces. The host-guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. The different crystal-like nanoporous network has been acquired to enclose and trap guest molecules of various dimensions and contours. The host centers have been lumped together via noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, or coordinate bonds). In this review article, we enlighten and elucidate recent progress in HG chemistry, explored via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We summarize the synthesis, design, and characterization of typical HG structural design examined on various substrates, under ambient surroundings at the liquid-solid (LS) interface, or during ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We emphasize isoreticular complexes, vibrant HG coordination, or hosts functional cavities responsive to the applied stimulus. Finally, we critically discuss the significant challenges in advancing this developing electrochemical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Chen C, Feng Y, Wang P, Zhang S, Tu B, Liu Y, Duan W, Zeng Q. π-Conjugated Macrocycle Host-Guest Coassembly with C60 on HOPG. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7486-7491. [PMID: 34110160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two kinds of π-conjugated macrocycles with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to elucidate their self-assembly behaviors and interaction with C60 on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. Both TPEMC and TPEMCS could self-assemble into orderly cavity structures. However, C60 guest molecules could only successfully enter the cavity of TPEMC to form a stable TPEMC + C60 host-guest coassembly structure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also used to interpret the assembly mechanisms. This work disclosed the assembly characteristic of these new types of conjugated macrocyclic compounds, which was helpful to develop new structural porous luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bin Tu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotonng University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Xiao Y, Tao J, Peng X, Song Y, Lei P, Xu H, Xiao X, Tu B, Zeng Q. Two-Dimensional Molecular Network Built from Hierarchy Self-Assembly of Perylene Bisimide Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17129-17138. [PMID: 33818059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structures of two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled molecular networks formed by a series of perylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). By introducing different functional groups to the PBI rings, we successfully built a different self-assembled molecular network on the liquid-solid interface. When the substituent is propanol, PBI is aligned in lines. When we introduced either an ester group or an amide group to the PBI compounds, they tended to form dimers and trimers. Especially, the PBI with the amide groups can form a 2D porous molecular network by hierarchy self-assembly. The 2D porous molecular network has a great potential to be the host molecule for the accommodation of a guest molecule, coronene (COR), and the structure of the 2D porous molecular network can be tuned by varying the concentration. The density functional theory calculations were also performed to disclose the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Bin Tu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Pang P, Wang Y, Miao X, Li B, Deng W. Halogen bonding controlled 2D self-assembled polymorphism of regioisomeric thienophenanthrene derivatives by coadsorption. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5,10-BTD-C14 molecules display self-assembled polymorphism in different bromo-hydrocarbons with different solution concentrations at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Bang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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9
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Wang D, Yang M, Wu J, Wee ATS. Thermally Induced Chiral Aggregation of Dihydrobenzopyrenone on Au(111). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35547-35554. [PMID: 32692546 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The realization of chiral supramolecular architectures on solid surfaces has triggered much interest due to its potential enantiospecific applications. An in-depth study of chiral aggregation on surfaces is significant for developing functional chiral surfaces. Herein, we report thermally induced chiral aggregation of dihydrobenzopyrenone on Au(111). By high-resolution low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, a racemate monolayer consisting of levorotatory and dextrorotatory dihydrobenzopyrenones was found to aggregate into conglomerate domains after moderate annealing treatment. Combined with first-principles calculations, we suggest that the intermolecular dipole-dipole interaction plays an important role in chiral aggregation, which takes place via molecular in-plane diffusion rather than molecular out-of-plane flipping. This work unveils one underlying mechanism of thermally induced chiral aggregation, thus enabling potential applications such as fabricating supramolecular architectures for functional chiral surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117546
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Nadimetla DN, Al Kobaisi M, Bugde ST, Bhosale SV. Tuning Achiral to Chiral Supramolecular Helical Superstructures. CHEM REC 2020; 20:793-819. [PMID: 32181970 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of achiral organic functional molecules which can assemble into a chiral with selective handedness in the absence of chiral substances is an important in understanding the role chirality plays within these systems. In this review, we described general approaches towards supramolecular chiral molecules the synthesis and self-assembly of achiral molecule to active chiral molecules to investigate controlled supramolecular chiral nanostructures with their photoluminescent properties for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of analytes of choice. Various small molecules have been discussed for achiral to chiral along with induction of chirality and controlled chiral helical structures in detail. We discussed few examples where stimuli used to control the chirality such as temperature, pH etc. Finally, we will also explore on the photo responsive helicity properties of the aggregation induced emission active molecule such as tetraphenylethene conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandesh T Bugde
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Goa, 403206, India
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11
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Peng X, Zhao F, Peng Y, Li J, Zeng Q. Dynamic surface-assisted assembly behaviours mediated by external stimuli. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:54-63. [PMID: 31712788 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly behaviors on solid substrates have been widely investigated in the last few decades. Owing to the complexity of interfacial assembly systems, the precise regulation of supramolecular nanostructures is still challenging and waits to be solved. The supramolecular nanostructures are governed by non-covalent bonds, so they can be disrupted and influenced by an external environment. In this review, the dynamic supramolecular nanostructures that are mediated by external stimuli containing guest species, light irradiation, temperature and electric field are discussed in detail. The research studies mentioned in this article are all accomplished by STM, and the effects of these external stimuli on the assembled nanostructures have been elucidated exhaustively here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengying Zhao
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Dou X, Wu B, Liu J, Zhao C, Qin M, Wang Z, Schönherr H, Feng C. Effect of Chirality on Cell Spreading and Differentiation: From Chiral Molecules to Chiral Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38568-38577. [PMID: 31584794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of chirality on cell behavior is closely related with relevant biological events; however, many recent studies only focus on the apparent chiral influence of supramolecular nanofibers and ignore the respective effects of molecular chirality and supramolecular chirality in biological processes. Herein, the inherent molecular and supramolecular chiral effects on cell spreading and differentiation are studied. Left-handed nanofibers (referring to supramolecular chirality) assembled from l-amino acid derivatives can enhance cell spreading and proliferation compared to flat l-surfaces (referring to molecular chirality). However, compared to the d-surfaces (referring to molecular chirality), right-handed nanofibers (referring to supramolecular chirality) derived from d-amino acid suppress cell spreading and proliferation, overturning the conventional view that a fibrous morphology generally enhances cell adhesion. The results directly suggest that the amplification of chirality from chiral molecules to chiral assemblies significantly enhances the effect on regulated cell behavior by supramolecular helical handedness. Moreover, cell differentiation is found to be chirality dependent. It suggests that both the l-amino acid derivatives and the left-handed fibers facilitate osteogenic differentiation. This study provides useful insight into understanding the origin of chiral expression from the molecular to the macroscopic level in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Dou
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road 800 , 200240 Shanghai , China
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology , University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2 , 57076 Siegen , Germany
| | - Beibei Wu
- Department of Biomedicine , Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute (SITI) , Keyuan Road 1278 , 201203 Shanghai , China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics , Chinese National Human Genome Center , 201203 Shanghai , China
| | - Jinying Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road 800 , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Changli Zhao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road 800 , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Minggao Qin
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road 800 , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics , Chinese National Human Genome Center , 201203 Shanghai , China
| | - Holger Schönherr
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road 800 , 200240 Shanghai , China
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology , University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2 , 57076 Siegen , Germany
| | - Chuanliang Feng
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road 800 , 200240 Shanghai , China
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Huan J, Zhang X, Zeng Q. Two-dimensional supramolecular crystal engineering: chirality manipulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11537-11553. [PMID: 31115407 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two dimensional (2D) supramolecular crystal engineering, one of the most important strategies towards nanotechnology, is both a science and an industry. In the present review, the recent advances in 2D supramolecular crystal engineering through chirality manipulation on solid surfaces are summarized, with the aid of the scanning tunneling microscopy technique. On-surface chirality manipulation includes surface confined structural chirality formation, chirality transformation, chirality separation as well as chirality elimination, by using component exchange and different external stimuli. Under this principle, host-guest supramolecular interactions, solvent induction, temperature regulation and STM-tip driven orientation control and reorientation effects under equilibrium or out-of-equilibrium conditions, towards the generation of the best-adapted chiral or achiral 2D nanostructures, are mainly described and highlighted. Future challenges and opportunities in this exciting area are also then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Huan
- Business School of Hohai University, #8 West Focheng Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
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Zhang SQ, Cheng LX, Gong ZL, Duan WB, Tu B, Zhong YW, Zeng QD. Temperature-Triggered Self-Assembled Structural Transformation: From Pure Hydrogen-Bonding Quadrilateral Nanonetwork to Trihexagonal Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6571-6577. [PMID: 31002519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adequate control over the structures of molecular building blocks plays an important role in the fabrication of desired supramolecular nanostructures at interfaces. In this study, the formation of a pure hydrogen-bonding co-assembly supramolecular nanonetwork on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface was demonstrated by means of a scanning tunneling microscope. The thermal annealing process was conducted to monitor the temperature-triggered structural transformation of the self-assembled nanonetwork. On the basis of the single-molecule-level resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images, together with the density functional theory calculations, the formation mechanisms of the formed nanoarrays were proposed. The results have great significance with regard to controlled construction of complex nanostructures on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Xiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Wu-Biao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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15
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Freibert A, Dieterich JM, Hartke B. Exploring self-organization of molecular tether molecules on a gold surface by global structure optimization. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1978-1989. [PMID: 31069834 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We employ nondeterministic global cluster structure optimization, based on the evolutionary algorithms paradigm, to model the self-assembly of complex molecules on a surface. As a real-life application example directly related to many recent experiments, we use this approach for the assembly of triazatriangulene "platform" molecules on the Au(111) surface. Without additional restrictions like spatial discretizations, coarse-graining or precalculated adsorption poses, and despite the proof-of-principle character of this study, we achieve satisfactory qualitative agreement with several experimental observations and can provide answers to questions that experiments on these species had left open so far. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Freibert
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Johannnes M Dieterich
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Hartke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Li X, Zhang S, Li J, Qian Y, Duan W, Zeng Q. Advances in the regulation of bipyridine derivatives on two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular nanostructures. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss a series of two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular nanostructures prepared on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Yuxin Qian
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
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17
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Qin Y, Yang Y, Yao M, Xue X, Wang X, Huang H, Chen T, Wang D, Wan L. Self-assembly of an oligo( p-phenylenevinylene)-based molecule on an HOPG surface: insights from multi-scale simulation and STM observation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31868-31873. [PMID: 35547496 PMCID: PMC9085817 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05477k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain knowledge of the most important weak interactions for supramolecular self-assembly and observe molecular structure for self-assembled architectures, the two-dimensional self-assembly of an oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-based molecule (AS-OPV) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite has been investigated. Accurate atomic configuration for the AS-OPV self-assembled pattern has been identified by means of multi-scale simulation combined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments. The weak interactions which contribute to the formation of AS-OPV self-assembly are studied by analysis of non-covalent interactions existing in the system and theoretical calculation of their energy values. Investigation of the molecular structure of self-assembly and STM images at a certain temperature range is performed by molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations. This work paves the way to explore the contribution of weak interactions for the self-assembly system, as well as providing a reference to observe the possible self-assembled structure at temperatures not convenient for direct experimental observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yingying Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Man Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiaowan Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xudong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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18
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Shi H, Lu X, Liu Y, Song J, Deng K, Zeng Q, Wang C. Nanotribological Study of Supramolecular Template Networks Induced by Hydrogen Bonds and van der Waals Forces. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8781-8790. [PMID: 30059613 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotribology has been given increasing attention by researchers in pursuing the nature of friction. In the present work, an approach that combines the supramolecular assembly and nanotribology is introduced. Herein, the nanotribological study was carried out on seven supramolecular template networks [namely, hydrogen bond induced tricarboxylic acids and van der Waals force induced hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) derivatives]. The template networks, as well as the host-guest assemblies of template molecules induced by different forces, were constructed on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface and explicitly characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Meanwhile, the nanotribological properties of the template networks were measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Together with the theoretical calculation using the density functional theory (DFT) method, it was revealed that the friction coefficients were positively correlated with the interaction strength. The frictional energy dissipation mainly derives from both the intermolecular interaction energy and the interaction energy between molecules and the substrate. The efforts not only help us gain insight into the competitive mechanisms of hydrogen bond and van der Waals force in supramolecular assembly but also shed light on the origin of friction and the relationship between the assembly structures and the nanotribological properties at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xinchun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , China
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19
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Li P, Lai Y, Wang Y, Qian Y, Duan W, Li C, Wang Z, Fang Q, Wang H, Tu B, Geng Y, Zeng Q. Adsorption of helical and saddle-shaped oligothiophenes on solid surface. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Dutta S, Gellman AJ. Enantiomer surface chemistry: conglomerate versus racemate formation on surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:7787-7839. [PMID: 29165467 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Research on surface chirality is motivated by the need to develop functional chiral surfaces for enantiospecific applications. While molecular chirality in 3D has been the subject of study for almost two centuries, many aspects of 2D chiral surface chemistry have yet to be addressed. In 3D, racemic mixtures of chiral molecules tend to aggregate into racemate (molecularly heterochiral) crystals much more frequently than conglomerate (molecularly homochiral) crystals. Whether chiral adsorbates on surfaces preferentially aggregate into heterochiral rather than homochiral domains (2D crystals or clusters) is not known. In this review, we have made the first attempt to answer the following question based on available data: in 2D racemic mixtures adsorbed on surfaces, is there a clear preference for homochiral or heterochiral aggregation? The current hypothesis is that homochiral packing is preferred on surfaces; in contrast to 3D where heterochiral packing is more common. In this review, we present a simple hierarchical scheme to categorize the chirality of adsorbate-surface systems. We then review the body of work using scanning tunneling microscopy predominantly to study aggregation of racemic adsorbates. Our analysis of the existing literature suggests that there is no clear evidence of any preference for either homochiral or heterochiral aggregation at the molecular level by chiral and prochiral adsorbates on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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21
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Janica I, Patroniak V, Samorì P, Ciesielski A. Imine-Based Architectures at Surfaces and Interfaces: From Self-Assembly to Dynamic Covalent Chemistry in 2D. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:465-481. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Janica
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Violetta Patroniak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Paolo Samorì
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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