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Sameoto D. Beyond biomimicry - next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:965-976. [PMID: 39136040 PMCID: PMC11318608 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In this perspective article, Professor Dan Sameoto outlines his opinion on future opportunities in the field of biomimetic adhesives. Despite over twenty years of excellent academic work by groups all around the world in this subfield, the economic value and impact of these materials is somewhat underwhelming. The question for the field is whether it should have a scientific and engineering focus to create every greater performance and understanding of the materials and hope that "if we build it, they will come". Perhaps we should expand our concept on what could be the desirable end applications for such materials and focus efforts on finding better end applications in which these materials can truly shine; a few of those applications like microfluidics and composites are highlighted in this article. It is time for a next generation of research to look beyond biomimicry and look towards re-engineering applications to make use of these materials' unique properties in economically viable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sameoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
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2
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Zhao J, Xia N, Zhang L. A review of bioinspired dry adhesives: from achieving strong adhesion to realizing switchable adhesion. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2024; 19:051003. [PMID: 38996419 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad62cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In the early twenty-first century, extensive research has been conducted on geckos' ability to climb vertical walls with the advancement of microscopy technology. Unprecedented studies and developments have focused on the adhesion mechanism, structural design, preparation methods, and applications of bioinspired dry adhesives. Notably, strong adhesion that adheres to both the principles of contact splitting and stress uniform distribution has been discovered and proposed. The increasing popularity of flexible electronic skins, soft crawling robots, and smart assembly systems has made switchable adhesion properties essential for smart adhesives. These adhesives are designed to be programmable and switchable in response to external stimuli such as magnetic fields, thermal changes, electrical signals, light exposure as well as mechanical processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development history of bioinspired dry adhesives from achieving strong adhesion to realizing switchable adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
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Jiao S, Zhang X, Cai H, Wu S, Ou X, Han G, Zhao J, Li Y, Guo W, Liu T, Qu W. Recent advances in biomimetic hemostatic materials. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100592. [PMID: 36936399 PMCID: PMC10020683 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the past decade has witnessed unprecedented medical advances, achieving rapid and effective hemostasis remains challenging. Uncontrolled bleeding and wound infections continue to plague healthcare providers, increasing the risk of death. Various types of hemostatic materials are nowadays used during clinical practice but have many limitations, including poor biocompatibility, toxicity and biodegradability. Recently, there has been a burgeoning interest in organisms that stick to objects or produce sticky substances. Indeed, applying biological adhesion properties to hemostatic materials remains an interesting approach. This paper reviews the biological behavior, bionics, and mechanisms related to hemostasis. Furthermore, this paper covers the benefits, challenges and prospects of biomimetic hemostatic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Jiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Hang Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Ou
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Guangda Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Trauma and Reparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Division of Orthopedics and Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenlai Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tianzhou Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Tian Z, Samri M, Moh K, McMeeking RM, Hensel R, Arzt E. A bioinspired snap-through metastructure for manipulating micro-objects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd4768. [PMID: 36399572 PMCID: PMC9674295 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micro-objects stick tenaciously to each other-a well-known show-stopper in microtechnology and in handling micro-objects. Inspired by the trigger plant, we explore a mechanical metastructure for overcoming adhesion involving a snap-action mechanism. We analyze the nonlinear mechanical response of curved beam architectures clamped by a tunable spring, incorporating mono- and bistable states. As a result, reversible miniaturized snap-through devices are successfully realized by micron-scale direct printing, and successful pick-and-place handling of a micro-object is demonstrated. The technique is applicable to universal scenarios, including dry and wet environment, or smooth and rough counter surfaces. With an unprecedented switching ratio (between high and low adhesion) exceeding 104, this concept proposes an efficient paradigm for handling and placing superlight objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yue Wang
- INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Zhihao Tian
- INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manar Samri
- INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karsten Moh
- INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Hydac International GmbH, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Robert M. McMeeking
- INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Departments of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - René Hensel
- INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eduard Arzt
- INM–Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Jiang Q, Wang L, Weng Z, Wang Z, Dai Z, Chen W. Effect of the Structural Characteristics on Attachment-Detachment Mechanics of a Rigid-Flexible Coupling Adhesive Unit. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030119. [PMID: 36134923 PMCID: PMC9496190 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The terminal toes of adhesive animals are characterized by rigid-flexible coupling, and their structure–function relationship is an urgent problem to be solved in understanding bioinspired adhesive systems and the design of biomimetic adhesive units. In this paper, inspired by the rigid-flexible coupling adhesive system of the gecko toe, a rigid-flexible coupling adhesive unit was designed, the interface strength of the adhesives under different preloads was tested, and the model and analysis method of the compression and peeling process of the rigid-flexible coupling adhesive unit was established. Meanwhile, combined with the experimental test, the effect of the coupling mechanism of the rigid-flexible structure on the interfacial stress and the final peeling force during the compression and peeling process of the adhesive unit was studied. The research found that the length of the adhesive unit L has no apparent effect on the normal peel force of the system within a specific range, and the normal peeling force increases linearly with the increase in the compression force P; while the influence of the inclination angle θ0 of the adhesive unit and the thickness of the rigid backing layer hb on the final normal peeling force of the system presents nonlinear characteristics, when the inclination angle θ0 of the adhesive unit is 5°, and the thickness of the rigid backing layer hb is 0.2 mm or 0.3 mm, the normal peel force and the ratio of adhesion force to preload the system reaches its maximum value. Compared with the flexible adhesive unit, the compressed zone formed by the rigid-flexible coupling adhesive unit during the same compression process increased by 6.7 times, while under the same peeling force, the peel zone increased by 8 times, and the maximum normal tensile stress at the peeling end decreased by 20 times. The rigid-flexible coupling mechanics improves the uniformity of the contact stress during the compression and peeling process. The research results provide guidelines for the design of the rigid-flexible coupling adhesive unit, further providing the end effector of the bionic wall-climbing robot with a rigid-flexible coupled bionic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhiyuan Weng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhouyi Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenzhen 518063, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Zhendong Dai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.C.)
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Wang W, Liu Y, Xie Z. Effects of loading and unloading control parameters on adhesive performance for biomimetic controllable adhesive with wedge-shaped microstructures. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:036013. [PMID: 35294926 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac5e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adhesive performance of biomimetic controllable adhesive based on wedge-shaped microstructures is affected by some relevant control parameters in the process of loading and unloading. An appropriate selection of these control parameters is of great significance for its effective application. However, little research has concentratively and comprehensively explored these control parameters. In order to make up for the shortcoming, this study systematically explored the macroscopic adhesive performance of the self-developed wedge-shaped microstructures under different loading and unloading control parameters. The results show that preloading depth and tangential dragging distance have a positive effect on the adhesive performance, while preloading angle and peeling angle have a negative effect on the adhesive performance. Specifically, a low preloading angle can weaken the normal preloading force under the same preloading depth, thereby improving the preloading benefit; the application of tangential dragging distance can also induce the normal preloading force generated in the preloading stage to change the adhesion, so as to stimulate more adhesion. Based on the interactive analysis of these control parameters, it can be sure that applying a moderate normal preloading force and a larger tangential dragging distance to the wedge-shaped microstructures at low preloading angle not only makes the wedge-shaped microstructures possess better adhesive capacity, but also can obtain a good preloading benefit. In addition, the promotion effect of a low peeling angle on the adhesive performance also implies that a higher peeling angle should be used to realize the easy detachment of the adhesive interface. The first concentrative and comprehensive investigation of the relevant control parameters of wedge-shaped microstructures lays the foundation for designing a climbing robot or adhesive gripper based on the wedge-shaped microstructures, and also provides guidance for formulating the corresponding control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Pang C, Wang Q, Mak K, Yu H, Wang MY. Viko 2.0: A Hierarchical Gecko-Inspired Adhesive Gripper With Visuotactile Sensor. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3183249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chohei Pang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Qicheng Wang
- Robotics and Autonomous Systems Thrust, Systems Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Kinwing Mak
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Yu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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Suresh SA, Hajj-Ahmad A, Hawkes EW, Cutkosky MR. Forcing the issue: testing gecko-inspired adhesives. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20200730. [PMID: 33435840 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials are traditionally tested either by imposing controlled displacements and measuring the corresponding forces, or by imposing controlled forces. The first of these approaches is more common because it is straightforward to control the displacements of a stiff apparatus and, if the material suddenly fails, little energy is released. However, when testing gecko-inspired adhesives, an applied force paradigm is closer to how the adhesives are loaded in practice. Moreover, we demonstrate that the controlled displacement paradigm can lead to artefacts in the assumed behaviour unless the imposed loading trajectory precisely matches the deflections that would occur in applications. We present the design of a controlled-force system and protocol for testing directional gecko-inspired adhesives and show that results obtained with it are in some cases substantially different from those with controlled-displacement testing. An advantage of the controlled-force testing approach is that it allows accurate generation of adhesive limit curves without prior knowledge of the expected behaviour of the material or the loading details associated with practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan A Suresh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amar Hajj-Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elliot W Hawkes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Mark R Cutkosky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Kim JK, Varenberg M. Drawing-Based Manufacturing of Shear-Activated Reversible Adhesives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20075-20083. [PMID: 32249559 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although biomimetic technologies for dry reversible adhesion seem to be maturing, the costs, complexity, and time expenditures associated with the current template-based molding techniques call for research on other fabrication methods. In this paper, we report a novel cost-effective, simple, and flexible drawing-based technique for manufacturing the soft elastomeric thin-film-based microstructures needed for successful implementation of the principles of biological shear-activated adhesion. Several different types of adhesive microstructures are fabricated, and the best of them demonstrate shear-driven amplification of pull-off force by a factor of 40, which significantly outperforms known molded analogues. A simple gripper based on a manual center-clamping vise is shown to enable pick-and-place manipulation of various flat and curved objects of everyday use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kang Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael Varenberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Fluorosilicone as an Omnimold for Microreplication. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9080406. [PMID: 30424339 PMCID: PMC6187540 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soft lithography and replica molding have been an integral part of polymer basic microfabrication for over 20 years. The use of silicone rubber materials as either molds or directly molded parts are well described in the literature and have provided researchers with an easily accessible technique to reproduce complex micro and nanostructures with minimal costs and technical challenges. Yet, for many applications, the use of standard silicones may not necessarily be the best choice, either as a mold material or as a replicated surface. For those instances where a mold is required that is high temperature tolerant, flexible, durable and capable of being used as a mold for multiple materials including silicone rubber, the most commonly used silicone rubber, Sylgard-184, has substantial deficiencies. In this work, we introduce a new material, Fluorosilicone that has not been described in the microfabrication field in detail and determine it is capable of reproducing micro structures via soft lithography techniques and being used as a mold for thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, including silicone rubbers. Material compatibility, appropriate processing conditions for quality replicas and demonstration of extremely fast production of silicone microstructures are reported.
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Lee SH, Kim SW, Kang BS, Chang PS, Kwak MK. Scalable and continuous fabrication of bio-inspired dry adhesives with a thermosetting polymer. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2586-2593. [PMID: 29442124 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Many research groups have developed unique micro/nano-structured dry adhesives by mimicking the foot of the gecko with the use of molding methods. Through these previous works, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been developed and become the most commonly used material for making artificial dry adhesives. The material properties of PDMS are well suited for making dry adhesives, such as conformal contacts with almost zero preload, low elastic moduli for stickiness, and easy cleaning with low surface energy. From a performance point of view, dry adhesives made with PDMS can be highly advantageous but are limited by its low productivity, as production takes an average of approximately two hours. Given the low productivity of PDMS, some research groups have developed dry adhesives using UV-curable materials, which are capable of continuous roll-to-roll production processes. However, UV-curable materials were too rigid to produce good adhesion. Thus, we established a PDMS continuous-production system to achieve good productivity and adhesion performance. We designed a thermal roll-imprinting lithography (TRL) system for the continuous production of PDMS microstructures by shortening the curing time by controlling the curing temperature (the production speed is up to 150 mm min-1). Dry adhesives composed of PDMS were fabricated continuously via the TRL system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
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A Review of the State of Dry Adhesives: Biomimetic Structures and the Alternative Designs They Inspire. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6189926 DOI: 10.3390/mi8040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Robust and inexpensive dry adhesives would have a multitude of potential applications, but replicating the impressive adhesive organs of many small animals has proved challenging. A substantial body of work has been produced in recent years which has illuminated the many mechanical processes influencing a dry adhesive interface. The especially potent footpads of the tokay gecko have inspired researchers to develop and examine an impressive and diverse collection of artificial fibrillar dry adhesives, though study of tree frogs and insects demonstrate that successful adhesive designs come in many forms. This review discusses the current theoretical understanding of dry adhesive mechanics, including the observations from biological systems and the lessons learned by recent attempts to mimic them. Attention is drawn in particular to the growing contingent of work exploring ideas which are complimentary to or an alternative for fibrillar designs. The fundamentals of compliance control form a basis for dry adhesives made of composite and “smart,” stimuli-responsive materials including shape memory polymers. An overview of fabrication and test techniques, with a sampling of performance results, is provided.
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