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Li Q, Zhang F, Fu X, Han N. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Nanomedicine for Peripheral Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7882. [PMID: 39063125 PMCID: PMC11277195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a complex and protracted process, and existing therapeutic approaches struggle to achieve effective nerve regeneration. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a pivotal choice for treating peripheral nerve injury. MSCs possess robust paracrine capabilities, and exosomes, as the primary secretome of MSCs, are considered crucial regulatory mediators involved in peripheral nerve regeneration. Exosomes, as nanocarriers, can transport various endogenous or exogenous bioactive substances to recipient cells, thereby promoting vascular and axonal regeneration while suppressing inflammation and pain. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic roles of exosomes derived from MSCs in peripheral nerve regeneration, discuss the engineering strategies for MSC-derived exosomes to improve therapeutic potential, and explore the combined effects of MSC-derived exosomes with biomaterials (nerve conduits, hydrogels) in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicheng Li
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Q.L.); (F.Z.); (X.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fengshi Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Q.L.); (F.Z.); (X.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoyang Fu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Q.L.); (F.Z.); (X.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (Q.L.); (F.Z.); (X.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
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Zhang J, Ge H, Li J, Chen L, Wang J, Cheng B, Rao Z. Effective regeneration of rat sciatic nerve using nanofibrous scaffolds containing rat ADSCs with controlled release of rhNGF and melatonin molecules for the treatment of peripheral injury model. Regen Ther 2023; 24:180-189. [PMID: 37427370 PMCID: PMC10328797 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Different therapeutic strategies have been designed and developed for the repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) tissue as a result of advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Due to its versatility, controlled delivery and administration of multifunctional therapeutic agents can be regarded of as an effective strategy in treating nerve injury. In this study, melatonin (Mel) molecules and recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) were loaded on the surface and in the core of polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL/CS) blended nanofibrous scaffold. To simulate the in vivo microenvironment, a dual-delivery three-dimensional (3-D) nanofibrous matrix was developed and the in vitro neural development of stem cell differentiation process was systematically examined. The microscopic technique with acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence staining method was used to establish the adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation and cell-cell communications, which demonstrated that the effective differentiation of the ADSCs with nanofibrous matrix. As investigated observations, ADSCs differentiation was further evident through cell migration assay and gene expression analysis. According to the biocompatibility analysis, the nanofibrous matrix did not trigger any adverse immunological reactions. Based on these characteristics, a 5-week in vivo investigation examined the potential of the developed nanofibrous matrix in the regeneration of sciatic nerve of rats. Additionally, compared to the negative control group, the electrophysiological and walking track analyses demonstrated improved sciatic nerve regeneration. This study demonstrates the nanofibrous matrix's ability to regenerate peripheral nerves.
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Wu S, Shen W, Ge X, Ao F, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Jia X, Mao Y, Luo Y. Advances in Large Gap Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair and Regeneration with Bridging Nerve Guidance Conduits. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300078. [PMID: 37235853 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common complication of accidents and diseases. The traditional autologous nerve graft approach remains the gold standard for the treatment of nerve injuries. While sources of autologous nerve grafts are very limited and difficult to obtain. Nerve guidance conduits are widely used in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries as an alternative to nerve autografts and allografts. However, the development of nerve conduits does not meet the needs of large gap peripheral nerve injury. Functional nerve conduits can provide a good microenvironment for axon elongation and myelin regeneration. Herein, the manufacturing methods and different design types of functional bridging nerve conduits for nerve conduits combined with electrical or magnetic stimulation and loaded with Schwann cells, etc., are summarized. It summarizes the literature and finds that the technical solutions of functional nerve conduits with electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and nerve conduits combined with Schwann cells can be used as effective strategies for bridging large gap nerve injury and provide an effective way for the study of large gap nerve injury repair. In addition, functional nerve conduits provide a new way to construct delivery systems for drugs and growth factors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shen
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Fen Ao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoni Jia
- Central Laboratory, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yueyang Mao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yali Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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Tam KW, Wong CY, Wu KLK, Lam G, Liang X, Wong WT, Li MTS, Liu WY, Cai S, Shea GKH, Shum DKY, Chan YS. IPSC-Derived Sensory Neurons Directing Fate Commitment of Human BMSC-Derived Schwann Cells: Applications in Traumatic Neural Injuries. Cells 2023; 12:1479. [PMID: 37296600 PMCID: PMC10253081 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro derivation of Schwann cells from human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) opens avenues for autologous transplantation to achieve remyelination therapy for post-traumatic neural regeneration. Towards this end, we exploited human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived sensory neurons to direct Schwann-cell-like cells derived from among the hBMSC-neurosphere cells into lineage-committed Schwann cells (hBMSC-dSCs). These cells were seeded into synthetic conduits for bridging critical gaps in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. With improvement in gait by 12-week post-bridging, evoked signals were also detectable across the bridged nerve. Confocal microscopy revealed axially aligned axons in association with MBP-positive myelin layers across the bridge in contrast to null in non-seeded controls. Myelinating hBMSC-dSCs within the conduit were positive for both MBP and human nucleus marker HuN. We then implanted hBMSC-dSCs into the contused thoracic cord of rats. By 12-week post-implantation, significant improvement in hindlimb motor function was detectable if chondroitinase ABC was co-delivered to the injured site; such cord segments showed axons myelinated by hBMSC-dSCs. Results support translation into a protocol by which lineage-committed hBMSC-dSCs become available for motor function recovery after traumatic injury to both peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Wai Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Cheuk-Yin Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Kenneth Lap-Kei Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Guy Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaotong Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Wai-Ting Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Maximilian Tak-Sui Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Wing-Yui Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Sa Cai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Graham Ka-Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Daisy Kwok-Yan Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-W.T.); (C.-Y.W.); (K.L.-K.W.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (W.-T.W.); (M.T.-S.L.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Entezari M, Bakhtiari M, Moradi F, Mozafari M, Bagher Z, Soleimani M. Human Olfactory Ecto-mesenchymal Stem Cells Displaying Schwann-cell-like Phenotypes and Promoting Neurite Outgrowth in Vitro. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:31-42. [PMID: 37346872 PMCID: PMC10279983 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3542.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Strategies of Schwann cell (SC) transplantation for regeneration of peripheral nerve injury involve many limitations. Stem cells can be used as alternative cell source for differentiation into Schwann cells. Given the high potential of neural crest-derived stem cells for the generation of multiple cell lineages, in this research, we considered whether olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) derived from neural crest can spontaneously differentiate into SC lineage. Methods OE-MSCs were isolated from human nasal mucosa and characterized by the mesenchymal and neural crest markers. The cells were cultured in glial growth factors-free medium and further investigated in terms of the phenotypic and functional properties. Results Immunocytochemical staining and real-time PCR analysis indicated that the cultured OE-MSCs expressed SCs markers, SOX10, p75, S100, GFAP and MBP, differentiation indicative. It was found that the cells could secrete neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Furthermore, after co-cultured with PC12, the mean neurite length was enhanced by OE-MSCs. Conclusion The findings indicated that OE-MSCs could be differentiated spontaneously into SC-like phenotypes, suggesting their applications for transplantation in peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Entezari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
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He H, Zhang X, Du L, Ye M, Lu Y, Xue J, Wu J, Shuai X. Molecular imaging nanoprobes for theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114320. [PMID: 35526664 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a non-invasive imaging monitoring method, molecular imaging can provide the location and expression level of disease signature biomolecules in vivo, leading to early diagnosis of relevant diseases, improved treatment strategies, and accurate assessment of treating efficacy. In recent years, a variety of nanosized imaging probes have been developed and intensively investigated in fundamental/translational research and clinical practice. Meanwhile, as an interdisciplinary discipline, this field combines many subjects of chemistry, medicine, biology, radiology, and material science, etc. The successful molecular imaging not only requires advanced imaging equipment, but also the synthesis of efficient imaging probes. However, limited summary has been reported for recent advances of nanoprobes. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress of three common and main types of nanosized molecular imaging probes, including ultrasound (US) imaging nanoprobes, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanoprobes, and computed tomography (CT) imaging nanoprobes. The applications of molecular imaging nanoprobes were discussed in details. Finally, we provided an outlook on the development of next generation molecular imaging nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe He
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lihua Du
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Minwen Ye
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Gong B, Zhang X, Zahrani AA, Gao W, Ma G, Zhang L, Xue J. Neural tissue engineering: From bioactive scaffolds and in situ monitoring to regeneration. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210035. [PMID: 37323703 PMCID: PMC10190951 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a large-scale problem that annually affects more than several millions of people all over the world. It remains a great challenge to effectively repair nerve defects. Tissue engineered nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) provide a promising platform for peripheral nerve repair through the integration of bioactive scaffolds, biological effectors, and cellular components. Herein, we firstly describe the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injuries at different orders of severity to clarify their microenvironments and discuss the clinical treatment methods and challenges. Then, we discuss the recent progress on the design and construction of NGCs in combination with biological effectors and cellular components for nerve repair. Afterward, we give perspectives on imaging the nerve and/or the conduit to allow for the in situ monitoring of the nerve regeneration process. We also cover the applications of different postoperative intervention treatments, such as electric field, magnetic field, light, and ultrasound, to the well-designed conduit and/or the nerve for improving the repair efficacy. Finally, we explore the prospects of multifunctional platforms to promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Gong
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Ahmed Al Zahrani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of RadiologyChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of RadiologyChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
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Su Q, Nasser MI, He J, Deng G, Ouyang Q, Zhuang D, Deng Y, Hu H, Liu N, Li Z, Zhu P, Li G. Engineered Schwann Cell-Based Therapies for Injury Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:865266. [PMID: 35602558 PMCID: PMC9120533 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.865266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the central nervous system, the adult peripheral nervous system possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is due to the strong plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) in peripheral nerves. After peripheral nervous injury, SCs de-differentiate and transform into repair phenotypes, and play a critical role in axonal regeneration, myelin formation, and clearance of axonal and myelin debris. In view of the limited self-repair capability of SCs for long segment defects of peripheral nerve defects, it is of great clinical value to supplement SCs in necrotic areas through gene modification or stem cell transplantation or to construct tissue-engineered nerve combined with bioactive scaffolds to repair such tissue defects. Based on the developmental lineage of SCs and the gene regulation network after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), this review summarizes the possibility of using SCs constructed by the latest gene modification technology to repair PNI. The therapeutic effects of tissue-engineered nerve constructed by materials combined with Schwann cells resembles autologous transplantation, which is the gold standard for PNI repair. Therefore, this review generalizes the research progress of biomaterials combined with Schwann cells for PNI repair. Based on the difficulty of donor sources, this review also discusses the potential of “unlimited” provision of pluripotent stem cells capable of directing differentiation or transforming existing somatic cells into induced SCs. The summary of these concepts and therapeutic strategies makes it possible for SCs to be used more effectively in the repair of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Su
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Zhuang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haoyun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhetao Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu,
| | - Ge Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Ge Li,
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10
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Entezari M, Mozafari M, Bakhtiyari M, Moradi F, Bagher Z, Soleimani M. Three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone/polypyrrole conducting scaffolds for differentiation of human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cell-like phenotypes and promotion of neurite outgrowth. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1134-1146. [PMID: 35075781 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of a suitable nerve guide conduit (NGC) seeded with sufficient Schwann cells (SCs) is required to improve peripheral nerve regeneration efficiently. Given the limitations of isolating and culturing SCs, using various sources of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from nasal olfactory mucosa, can be desirable. Olfactory ecto-MSCs (OE-MSCs) are a new population of neural crest-derived stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into SCs and can be considered a promising autologous alternative to produce SCs. Regardless, a biomimetic physicochemical microenvironment in NGC such as electroconductive substrate can affect the fate of transplanted stem cells, including differentiation toward SCs and nerve regeneration. Therefore, in this study, the effect of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL)/polypyrrole (PPy) conductive scaffolds on differentiation of human OE-MSCS into functional SC-like phenotypes was investigated. Biological evaluation of 3D printed scaffolds was examined by in vitro culturing the OE-MSCs on samples surfaces, and conductivity showed no effect on increased cell attachment, proliferation rate, viability, and distribution. In contrast, immunocytochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that 3D structures coated with PPy could provide a favorable microenvironment for OE-MSCs differentiation. In addition, it was found that differentiated OE-MSCs within PCL/PPy could secrete the highest amounts of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factors compared to pure PCL and 2D culture. After co-culturing with PC12 cells, a significant increase in neurite outgrowth on PCL/PPy conductive scaffold seeded with differentiated OE-MSCs. These findings indicated that 3D printed PCL/PPy conductive scaffold could support differentiation of OE-MSCs into SC-like phenotypes to promote neurite outgrowth, suggesting their potential for neural tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Entezari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiyari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Zhang X, Meng Y, Gong B, Wang T, Lu Y, Zhang L, Xue J. Electrospun Nanofibers for Manipulating the Soft Tissue Regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7281-7308. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue damage is a common clinical problem that affects the lives of a large number of patients all over the world. It is of great importance to develop functional...
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12
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Yang S, Zhu J, Lu C, Chai Y, Cao Z, Lu J, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Huang YY, Yao S, Kong X, Zhang P, Wang X. Aligned fibrin/functionalized self-assembling peptide interpenetrating nanofiber hydrogel presenting multi-cues promotes peripheral nerve functional recovery. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:529-544. [PMID: 34541418 PMCID: PMC8435993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduits with hollow lumen fail to regenerate critical-sized peripheral nerve defects (15 mm in rats and 25 mm in humans), which can be improved by a beneficial intraluminal microenvironment. However, individual cues provided by intraluminal filling materials are inadequate to eliminate the functional gap between regenerated nerves and normal nerves. Herein, an aligned fibrin/functionalized self-assembling peptide (AFG/fSAP) interpenetrating nanofiber hydrogel that exerting synergistic topographical and biochemical cues for peripheral nerve regeneration is constructed via electrospinning and molecular self-assembly. The hydrogel possesses an aligned structure, high water content, appropriate mechanical properties and suitable biodegradation capabilities for nerve repair, which enhances the alignment and neurotrophin secretion of primary Schwann cells (SCs) in vitro, and successfully bridges a 15-mm sciatic nerve gap in rats in vivo. The rats transplanted with the AFG/fSAP hydrogel exhibit satisfactory morphological and functional recovery in myelinated nerve fibers and innervated muscles. The motor function recovery facilitated by the AFG/fSAP hydrogel is comparable with that of autografts. Moreover, the AFG/fSAP hydrogel upregulates the regeneration-associated gene expression and activates the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in the regenerated nerve. Altogether, the AFG/fSAP hydrogel represents a promising approach for peripheral nerve repair through an integration of structural guidance and biochemical stimulation. A novel aligned interpenetrating nanofiber hydrogel is first constructed for peripheral nerve regeneration. The aligned hydrogel presents synergistic topographical and biochemical cues for peripheral nerve regeneration. Nerve conduits filled with the aligned hydrogel can repair the long-distance sciatic nerve defects in 12 weeks. The function recovery facilitated by the aligned hydrogel is comparable with that of autografts. The aligned hydrogel upregulates regeneration-related genes and activates the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Changfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yi Chai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Shenglian Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Peixun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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13
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Zhang X, Gong B, Zhai J, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Zhang L, Xue J. A Perspective: Electrospun Fibers for Repairing Spinal Cord Injury. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Puhl DL, Funnell JL, Nelson DW, Gottipati MK, Gilbert RJ. Electrospun Fiber Scaffolds for Engineering Glial Cell Behavior to Promote Neural Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 8:4. [PMID: 33383759 PMCID: PMC7823609 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a fabrication technique used to produce nano- or micro- diameter fibers to generate biocompatible, biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Electrospun fiber scaffolds are advantageous for neural regeneration because they mimic the structure of the nervous system extracellular matrix and provide contact guidance for regenerating axons. Glia are non-neuronal regulatory cells that maintain homeostasis in the healthy nervous system and regulate regeneration in the injured nervous system. Electrospun fiber scaffolds offer a wide range of characteristics, such as fiber alignment, diameter, surface nanotopography, and surface chemistry that can be engineered to achieve a desired glial cell response to injury. Further, electrospun fibers can be loaded with drugs, nucleic acids, or proteins to provide the local, sustained release of such therapeutics to alter glial cell phenotype to better support regeneration. This review provides the first comprehensive overview of how electrospun fiber alignment, diameter, surface nanotopography, surface functionalization, and therapeutic delivery affect Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in the central nervous system both in vitro and in vivo. The information presented can be used to design and optimize electrospun fiber scaffolds to target glial cell response to mitigate nervous system injury and improve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan L. Puhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (D.L.P.); (J.L.F.); (D.W.N.); (M.K.G.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jessica L. Funnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (D.L.P.); (J.L.F.); (D.W.N.); (M.K.G.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Derek W. Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (D.L.P.); (J.L.F.); (D.W.N.); (M.K.G.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Manoj K. Gottipati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (D.L.P.); (J.L.F.); (D.W.N.); (M.K.G.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ryan J. Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (D.L.P.); (J.L.F.); (D.W.N.); (M.K.G.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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15
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Lin YJ, Lee YW, Chang CW, Huang CC. 3D Spheroids of Umbilical Cord Blood MSC-Derived Schwann Cells Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:604946. [PMID: 33392194 PMCID: PMC7773632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.604946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy due to their ability to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. However, SC-based therapies are hindered by the lack of a clinically renewable source of SCs. In this study, using a well-defined non-genetic approach, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (cbMSCs), a clinically applicable cell type, were phenotypically, epigenetically, and functionally converted into SC-like cells (SCLCs) that stimulated effective sprouting of neuritic processes from neuronal cells. To further enhance their therapeutic capability, the cbMSC-derived SCLCs were assembled into three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids by using a methylcellulose hydrogel system. The cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions were well-preserved within the formed 3D SCLC spheroids, and marked increases in neurotrophic, proangiogenic and anti-apoptotic factors were detected compared with cells that were harvested using conventional trypsin-based methods, demonstrating the superior advantage of SCLCs assembled into 3D spheroids. Transplantation of 3D SCLC spheroids into crush-injured rat sciatic nerves effectively promoted the recovery of motor function and enhanced nerve structure regeneration. In summary, by simply assembling cells into a 3D-spheroid conformation, the therapeutic potential of SCLCs derived from clinically available cbMSCs for promoting nerve regeneration was enhanced significantly. Thus, these cells hold great potential for translation to clinical applications for treating peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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16
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Meena P, Kakkar A, Kumar M, Khatri N, Nagar RK, Singh A, Malhotra P, Shukla M, Saraswat SK, Srivastava S, Datt R, Pandey S. Advances and clinical challenges for translating nerve conduit technology from bench to bed side for peripheral nerve repair. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:617-644. [PMID: 33201351 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the peripheral nervous system remain a large-scale clinical problem. These injuries often lead to loss of motor and/or sensory function that significantly affects patients' quality of life. The current neurosurgical approach for peripheral nerve repair involves autologous nerve transplantation, which often leads to clinical complications. The most pressing need is to increase the regenerative capacity of existing tubular constructs in the repair of large nerve gaps through development of tissue-engineered approaches that can surpass the performance of autografts. To fully realize the clinical potential of nerve conduit technology, there is a need to reconsider design strategies, biomaterial selection, fabrication techniques and the various potential modifications to optimize a conduit microenvironment that can best mimic the natural process of regeneration. In recent years, a significant progress has been made in the designing and functionality of bioengineered nerve conduits to bridge long peripheral nerve gaps in various animal models. However, translation of this work from lab to commercial scale has not been achieve. The current review summarizes recent advances in the development of tissue engineered nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with regard to choice of material, novel fabrication methods, surface modifications and regenerative cues such as stem cells and growth factors to improve regeneration performance. Also, the current clinical potential and future perspectives to achieve therapeutic benefits of NGCs will be discussed in context of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Meena
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Anupama Kakkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Khatri
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Nagar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Aarti Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Poonam Malhotra
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Manish Shukla
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Saraswat
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Rajan Datt
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India.
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17
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Wu T, Xue J, Xia Y. Engraving the Surface of Electrospun Microfibers with Nanoscale Grooves Promotes the Outgrowth of Neurites and the Migration of Schwann Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15626-15632. [PMID: 32168409 PMCID: PMC7487060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple method based upon coaxial electrospinning for the fabrication of aligned microfibers engraved with nanoscale grooves to promote neurite outgrowth and cell migration. The success of this method relies on the immiscibility between poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) for the generation of PVP/TFE pockets on the surface of a PCL jet. The pockets are stretched and elongated along with the jet, eventually resulting in the formation of nanoscale grooves upon the removal of PVP. The presence of nanoscale grooves greatly enhances the outgrowth of neurites from both PC12 cells and chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) bodies, as well as the migration of Schwann cells. The enhancements can be maximized by optimizing the dimensions of the grooves for potential use in applications involving neurite extension and wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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18
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Liu Z, Ramakrishna S, Liu X. Electrospinning and emerging healthcare and medicine possibilities. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:030901. [PMID: 32695956 PMCID: PMC7365682 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning forms fibers from either an electrically charged polymer solution or polymer melt. Over the past decades, it has become a simple and versatile method for nanofiber production. Hence, it has been explored in many different applications. Commonly used electrospinning assembles fibers from polymer solutions in various solvents, known as solution electrospinning, while melt and near-field electrospinning techniques enhance the versatility of electrospinning. Adaption of additive manufacturing strategy to electrospinning permits precise fiber deposition and predefining pattern construction. This manuscript critically presents the potential of electrospun nanofibers in healthcare applications. Research community drew impetus from the similarity of electrospun nanofibers to the morphology and mechanical properties of fibrous extracellular matrices (ECM) of natural human tissues. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds act as ECM analogs for specific tissue cells, stem cells, and tumor cells to realize tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and in vitro tumor model construction. The large surface-to-volume ratio of electrospun nanofibers offers a considerable number of bioactive agents binding sites, which makes it a promising candidate for a number of biomedical applications. The applications of electrospinning in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, biosensors, and cancer diagnosis are elaborated. Electrospun nanofiber incorporations in medical device coating, in vitro 3D cancer model, and filtration membrane are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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19
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Zhang Q, Wu P, Chen F, Zhao Y, Li Y, He X, Huselstein C, Ye Q, Tong Z, Chen Y. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Transfected Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Repair of Periphery Nerve Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:874. [PMID: 32850732 PMCID: PMC7406647 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical neurological disease. In our previous study, highly oriented poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/soy protein isolate (SPI) nanofiber nerve conduits were constructed and exhibited a certain repair capacity for peripheral nerve injury. In order to further improve their nerve repairing efficiency, the bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) overexpressing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were introduced into the conduits as seed cells and then were used to repair the 10-mm sciatic nerve defects in rats. The nerve repair efficiency of the functional nerve conduits was evaluated by gait experiment, electrophysiological test, and a series of assays such as hemotoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunofluorescence staining, toluidine blue (TB) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of regenerated nerve and Masson's trichrome staining of gastrocnemius muscle. The results showed that the conduits containing BMSCs overexpressing BDNF and GDNF double-factors group had better nerve repairing efficiency than blank BMSCs and single BDNF or GDNF factor groups, and superior to autografts group in some aspects. These data demonstrated that BDNF and GDNF produced by BMSCs could synergistically promote peripheral nerve repair. This study shed a new light on the conduits and stem cells-based peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hangzhou Singclean Medical Products Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feixiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinping Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Céline Huselstein
- CNRS UMR 7561 and FR CNRS-INSERM 32.09, Nancy University, Vandæuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Donsante A, Xue J, Poth KM, Hardcastle NS, Diniz B, O'Connor DM, Xia Y, Boulis NM. Controlling the Release of Neurotrophin-3 and Chondroitinase ABC Enhances the Efficacy of Nerve Guidance Conduits. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000200. [PMID: 32548984 PMCID: PMC7751830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have the potential to replace autografts in repairing peripheral nerve injuries, but their efficacy still needs to be improved. The efficacy of NGCs is augmented by neurotrophic factors that promote axon growth and by enzymes capable of degrading molecules that inhibit axon growth. In the current study, two types of NGCs loaded with factors (both neurotrophin-3 and chondroitinase ABC) are constructed and their abilities to repair an 8 mm gap in the rat sciatic nerve are examined. The factors are encapsulated in microparticles made of a phase-change material (PCM) or collagen and then sandwiched between two layers of electrospun fibers. The use of PCM allows to achieve pulsed release of the factors upon irradiation with a near-infrared laser. The use of collagen enables slow, continuous release via diffusion. The efficacy is evaluated by measuring compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) in the gastrocnemius muscle and analyzing the nerve histology. Continuous release of the factors from collagen results in enhanced CMAP amplitude and increased axon counts in the distal nerve relative to the plain conduit. In contrast, pulsed release of the same factors from PCM shows a markedly adverse impact on the efficacy, possibly by inhibiting axon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Donsante
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kelly M Poth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Bruna Diniz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Nicholas M Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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21
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Shea GK, Tai EW, Leung KH, Mung AK, Li MT, Tsui AY, Tam AK, Shum DK, Chan Y. Juxtacrine signalling via Notch and ErbB receptors in the switch to fate commitment of bone marrow‐derived Schwann cells. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3306-3321. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Ka‐Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Evelyn Wing‐Yin Tai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Katherine Ho‐Yan Leung
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Alan Kwan‐Long Mung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Maximilian Tak‐Sui Li
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Alex Yat‐Ping Tsui
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Anthony Kin‐Wai Tam
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Daisy Kwok‐Yan Shum
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Ying‐Shing Chan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
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22
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Hu X, Wang X, Xu Y, Li L, Liu J, He Y, Zou Y, Yu L, Qiu X, Guo J. Electric Conductivity on Aligned Nanofibers Facilitates the Transdifferentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Schwann Cells and Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Nerve. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901570. [PMID: 32338461 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are the most promising seed cells for peripheral nerve tissue engineering, but clinical applications are limited by the lack of cell sources. Existing data demonstrate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be induced to differentiate into Schwann-like cells and aligned nanofibers can enhance the differentiation. Considering that SCs are living along with the electrical conductive axons, it is hypothesized that conductivity properties may play roles in SCs differentiation and then facilitate nerve regeneration. To verify this hypothesis, amine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are incorporated with polycaprolactone and gelatin to fabricate aligned or random conductive nanofibers by electrospinning. Current data demonstrate that MWCNTs can dramatically increase the electrical conductive properties but do not alter the biocompatibility of the nanofibers. It is found that endowing conductive properties into the aligned nanofibers can significantly enhance their capability to promote the SCs differentiation. Furthermore, the aligned and conductive nanofibers with induced BMSCs can dramatically promote peripheral axonal regeneration. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that the conductive properties in the aligned nanofiber plays significant roles in SCs differentiation and the aligned and conductive nanofibers can be used as a promising scaffold for SCs differentiation and peripheral nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Xianghai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Lixia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Yutong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
| | - Jiasong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue EngineeringSouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySouthern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Inspired IntelligenceGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 510530 P. R. China
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23
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Seong H, Higgins SG, Penders J, Armstrong JPK, Crowder SW, Moore AC, Sero JE, Becce M, Stevens MM. Size-Tunable Nanoneedle Arrays for Influencing Stem Cell Morphology, Gene Expression, and Nuclear Membrane Curvature. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5371-5381. [PMID: 32330008 PMCID: PMC7254837 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
High-aspect-ratio nanostructures have emerged as versatile platforms for intracellular sensing and biomolecule delivery. Here, we present a microfabrication approach in which a combination of reactive ion etching protocols were used to produce high-aspect-ratio, nondegradable silicon nanoneedle arrays with tip diameters that could be finely tuned between 20 and 700 nm. We used these arrays to guide the long-term culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Notably, we used changes in the nanoneedle tip diameter to control the morphology, nuclear size, and F-actin alignment of interfaced hMSCs and to regulate the expression of nuclear lamina genes, Yes-associated protein (YAP) target genes, and focal adhesion genes. These topography-driven changes were attributed to signaling by Rho-family GTPase pathways, differences in the effective stiffness of the nanoneedle arrays, and the degree of nuclear membrane impingement, with the latter clearly visualized using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Our approach to design high-aspect-ratio nanostructures will be broadly applicable to design biomaterials and biomedical devices used for long-term cell stimulation and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Seong
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
| | - Stuart G. Higgins
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
| | - Jelle Penders
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
| | - James P. K. Armstrong
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
| | - Spencer W. Crowder
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
| | - Axel C. Moore
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
| | - Julia E. Sero
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
| | - Michele Becce
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K.
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24
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Zeinali K, Khorasani MT, Rashidi A, Daliri Joupari M. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide aerogel/gelatin as a hybrid scaffold for application in nerve tissue engineering. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1760269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khdijeh Zeinali
- Department of Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Wu T, Xue J, Xia Y. Engraving the Surface of Electrospun Microfibers with Nanoscale Grooves Promotes the Outgrowth of Neurites and the Migration of Schwann Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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26
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Zhang M, Lin R, Wang X, Xue J, Deng C, Feng C, Zhuang H, Ma J, Qin C, Wan L, Chang J, Wu C. 3D printing of Haversian bone-mimicking scaffolds for multicellular delivery in bone regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6725. [PMID: 32219170 PMCID: PMC7083611 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The integration of structure and function for tissue engineering scaffolds is of great importance in mimicking native bone tissue. However, the complexity of hierarchical structures, the requirement for mechanical properties, and the diversity of bone resident cells are the major challenges in constructing biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Herein, a Haversian bone-mimicking scaffold with integrated hierarchical Haversian bone structure was successfully prepared via digital laser processing (DLP)-based 3D printing. The compressive strength and porosity of scaffolds could be well controlled by altering the parameters of the Haversian bone-mimicking structure. The Haversian bone-mimicking scaffolds showed great potential for multicellular delivery by inducing osteogenic, angiogenic, and neurogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated the ingrowth of blood vessels and new bone formation in vivo. The work offers a new strategy for designing structured and functionalized biomaterials through mimicking native complex bone tissue for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rongcai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cuijun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Beijing Ten Dimensions Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
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27
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Wu T, Mo X, Xia Y. Moving Electrospun Nanofibers and Bioprinted Scaffolds toward Translational Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901761. [PMID: 31999081 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, electrospun nanofibers have been actively explored for a range of applications, including those related to biomedicine, environmental science, energy harvesting, catalysis, photonics, and electronics. Regarding biomedical applications, one can readily produce nanofiber-based scaffolds with controlled compositions, structures, alignments, and functions by varying the material, design of collector, number of spinnerets, and electrospinning parameters. This report highlights both preclinical and translational applications of electrospun nanofibers and bioprinted constructs presented at the 2019 International Conference on Electrospinning, together with some perspectives on their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistrySchool of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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28
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29
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Motta CMM, Endres KJ, Wesdemiotis C, Willits RK, Becker ML. Enhancing Schwann cell migration using concentration gradients of laminin-derived peptides. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119335. [PMID: 31302351 PMCID: PMC6868524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroregeneration following peripheral nerve injury is largely mediated by Schwann cells (SC), the principal glial cell that supports neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Axonal regeneration in vivo is limited by the extent of SC migration into the gap between the proximal and distal nerve, however, little is known regarding the principal driving forces for SC migration. Engineered microenvironments, such as molecular and protein gradients, play a role in the migration of many cell types, including cancer cells and fibroblasts. However, haptotactic strategies have not been applied widely to SC. Herein, a series of tethered laminin-derived peptides were analyzed for their influence on SC adhesion, proliferation, and alignment. Concentration gradient substrates were fabricated using a controlled vapor deposition method, followed by covalent peptide attachment via a thiol-ene reaction, and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and MALDI-MS imaging. While tethered RGD peptides supported SC adhesion and proliferation, concentration gradients of RGD had little influence on biased SC directional migration. In contrast, YIGSR promoted less SC attachment than RGD, yet YIGSR peptide gradients directed migration with a strong bias to the concentration profile. With YIGSR peptide, overall speed increased with the steepness of the peptide concentration profile. YIGSR gradients had no haptotactic effect on rat dermal fibroblast migration, in contrast to fibroblast migration on RGD gradients. The response of SC to these tethered peptide gradients will guide the development of translationally relevant constructs designed to facilitate endogenous SC infiltration into defects for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M M Motta
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States
| | - Kevin J Endres
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States
| | - Rebecca K Willits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States.
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States; Department of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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30
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Wu S, Ni S, Jiang X, Kuss MA, Wang HJ, Duan B. Guiding Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Myelinating Schwann Cell-Like Phenotypes by Using Electrospun Core-Sheath Nanoyarns. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5284-5294. [PMID: 33455233 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduit (NGC)-infilling substrates have been reported to facilitate the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves (PNs), especially for large nerve gaps. In this study, longitudinally oriented electrospun core-sheath nanoyarns (csNYs), consisting of a polylactic acid microfiber core and an electrospun nanofiber sheath, were fabricated for potential PN tissue engineering applications. Our novel csNY displayed a well-aligned nanofibrous surface topography, resembling the ultrastructure of axons and fascicles of a native PN system, and it also provided a mechanically stable structure. The biological results showed that the csNY significantly enhanced the attachment, growth, and proliferation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC) and also promoted the migration, proliferation, and phenotype maintenance of rabbit Schwann cells (rSCs). Our csNY notably increased the differentiation capability of hADMSC into SC-like cells (hADMSC-SC), in comparison with a 2D tissue culture polystyrene plate. More importantly, when combined with the appropriate induction medium, our csNY promoted hADMSC-SC to express high levels of myelination-associated markers. Overall, this study demonstrates that our csNYs have great potential to serve as not only ideal in vitro culture models for understanding SC-axon interaction and SC myelination but also as promising NGC-infilling substrates for PN regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- College of Textiles & Clothing; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biomass Fibers, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | | | | | | | - Bin Duan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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31
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Lotfi L, Khakbiz M, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Bonakdar S. A biomaterials approach to Schwann cell development in neural tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2425-2446. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Lotfi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khakbiz
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | | | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank DepartmentPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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32
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Vishnoi T, Singh A, Teotia AK, Kumar A. Chitosan-Gelatin-Polypyrrole Cryogel Matrix for Stem Cell Differentiation into Neural Lineage and Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Peripheral Nerve Injury Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3007-3021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile and viable technique for generating ultrathin fibers. Remarkable progress has been made with regard to the development of electrospinning methods and engineering of electrospun nanofibers to suit or enable various applications. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospinning, including the principle, methods, materials, and applications. We begin with a brief introduction to the early history of electrospinning, followed by discussion of its principle and typical apparatus. We then discuss its renaissance over the past two decades as a powerful technology for the production of nanofibers with diversified compositions, structures, and properties. Afterward, we discuss the applications of electrospun nanofibers, including their use as "smart" mats, filtration membranes, catalytic supports, energy harvesting/conversion/storage components, and photonic and electronic devices, as well as biomedical scaffolds. We highlight the most relevant and recent advances related to the applications of electrospun nanofibers by focusing on the most representative examples. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development. At the end, we discuss approaches to the scale-up production of electrospun nanofibers and briefly discuss various types of commercial products based on electrospun nanofibers that have found widespread use in our everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yunqian Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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34
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Xue J, Wu T, Li J, Zhu C, Xia Y. Promoting the Outgrowth of Neurites on Electrospun Microfibers by Functionalization with Electrosprayed Microparticles of Fatty Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3948-3951. [PMID: 30681757 PMCID: PMC7758907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the outgrowth of neurites is important for enhancing the repair of injured nerves and understanding the development of nervous systems. Herein we report a simple strategy for enhancing the outgrowth of neurites through a unique integration of topographical guidance and a chemical cue. We use electrospray to easily functionalize the surface of a substrate with microparticles of natural fatty acids at a controllable density. Through a synergistic effect from the surface roughness arising from the microparticles and the chemical cue offered by the fatty acids, the outgrowth of neurites from PC12 cells is greatly enhanced. We also functionalize the surfaces of uniaxially aligned, electrospun microfibers with the microparticles and further demonstrate that the substrates can guide and enhance directional outgrowth of neurites from both PC12 multicellular spheroids and chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Xue J, Wu T, Li J, Zhu C, Xia Y. Promoting the Outgrowth of Neurites on Electrospun Microfibers by Functionalization with Electrosprayed Microparticles of Fatty Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistrySchool of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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Jing W, Zuo D, Cai Q, Chen G, Wang L, Yang X, Zhong W. Promoting neural transdifferentiation of BMSCs via applying synergetic multiple factors for nerve regeneration. Exp Cell Res 2019; 375:80-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang J, Windbergs M. Controlled dual drug release by coaxial electrospun fibers – Impact of the core fluid on drug encapsulation and release. Int J Pharm 2019; 556:363-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Fabrication of high-strength mecobalamin loaded aligned silk fibroin scaffolds for guiding neuronal orientation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:689-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Singh A, Shiekh PA, Das M, Seppälä J, Kumar A. Aligned Chitosan-Gelatin Cryogel-Filled Polyurethane Nerve Guidance Channel for Neural Tissue Engineering: Fabrication, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:662-673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parvaiz A. Shiekh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mainak Das
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering & Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
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Denchai A, Tartarini D, Mele E. Cellular Response to Surface Morphology: Electrospinning and Computational Modeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:155. [PMID: 30406098 PMCID: PMC6207584 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface properties of biomaterials, such as chemistry and morphology, have a major role in modulating cellular behavior and therefore impact on the development of high-performance devices for biomedical applications, such as scaffolds for tissue engineering and systems for drug delivery. Opportunely-designed micro- and nanostructures provides a unique way of controlling cell-biomaterial interaction. This mini-review discusses the current research on the use of electrospinning (extrusion of polymer nanofibers upon the application of an electric field) as effective technique to fabricate patterns of micro- and nano-scale resolution, and the corresponding biological studies. The focus is on the effect of morphological cues, including fiber alignment, porosity and surface roughness of electrospun mats, to direct cell migration and to influence cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. Experimental studies are combined with computational models that predict and correlate the surface composition of a biomaterial with the response of cells in contact with it. The use of predictive models can facilitate the rational design of new bio-interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Denchai
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Tartarini
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Mele
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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41
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Dorsal Root Ganglion Maintains Stemness of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing Autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway in a Coculture System. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8478953. [PMID: 30363977 PMCID: PMC6186314 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8478953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies found that sensory nerve tracts implanted in tissue-engineered bone (TEB) could result in better osteogenesis. To explore the mechanism of the sensory nerve promoting osteogenesis in TEB in vitro, a transwell coculture experiment was designed between dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). BMSC proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay, and osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenic differentiation were assessed by alizarin red, alcian blue, and oil red staining. We found that the proliferation and multipotent differentiation of BMSCs were all enhanced in the coculture group compared to the BMSCs group. Crystal violet staining showed that the clone-forming ability of BMSCs in the coculture group was also enhanced and mRNA levels of Sox2, Nanog, and Oct4 were significantly upregulated in the coculture group. Moreover, the autophagy level of BMSCs, regulating their stemness, was promoted in the coculture group, mediated by the AMPK/mTOR pathway. In addition, AMPK inhibitor compound C could significantly downregulate the protein expression of LC3 and the mRNA level of stemness genes in the coculture group. Finally, we found that the NK1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, could partly block this effect, which indicated that substance P played an important role in the effect. Together, we conclude that DRG could maintain the stemness of BMSCs by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in a transwell coculture system, which may help explain the better osteogenesis after implantation of the sensory nerve into TEB.
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Xue J, Li H, Xia Y. Nanofiber-Based Multi-Tubular Conduits with a Honeycomb Structure for Potential Application in Peripheral Nerve Repair. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800090. [PMID: 29956466 PMCID: PMC6280973 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a large-scale problem and it is a great challenge to repair the long lesion in a thick nerve. The design of a multi-tubular conduit with a honeycomb structure by mimicking the anatomy of a peripheral nerve for the potential repair of large defects in thick nerves has been reported. A bilayer mat of electrospun nanofibers is rolled up to form a single tube, with the inner and outer layers comprised aligned and random nanofibers, respectively. Seven such tubes are then assembled into a hexagonal array and encased within the lumen of a larger tube to form the multi-tubular conduit. By introducing an adhesive to the regions between the tubes, the conduit is robust enough for handling during surgery. The seeded bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are able to proliferate in all the tubes with even circumferential and longitudinal distributions. Under chemical induction, the BMSCs are transdifferentiated into Schwann-like cells in all the tubes. While the cellular version holds great promise for peripheral nerve repair, the multi-tubular conduit can also be used to investigate the fundamental aspects involved in the development of peripheral nervous system and migration of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia, Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Haoxuan Li
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia, Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia, Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Shea GKH, Mok F. Optimization of nanofiber scaffold properties towards nerve guidance channel design. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1179-1180. [PMID: 30028319 PMCID: PMC6065238 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Ka-Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Francis Mok
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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44
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Chen S, Li R, Li X, Xie J. Electrospinning: An enabling nanotechnology platform for drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:188-213. [PMID: 29729295 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning provides an enabling nanotechnology platform for generating a rich variety of novel structured materials in many biomedical applications including drug delivery, biosensing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. In this review article, we begin with a thorough discussion on the method of producing 1D, 2D, and 3D electrospun nanofiber materials. In particular, we emphasize on how the 3D printing technology can contribute to the improvement of traditional electrospinning technology for the fabrication of 3D electrospun nanofiber materials as drug delivery devices/implants, scaffolds or living tissue constructs. We then highlight several notable examples of electrospun nanofiber materials in specific biomedical applications including cancer therapy, guiding cellular responses, engineering in vitro 3D tissue models, and tissue regeneration. Finally, we finish with conclusions and future perspectives of electrospun nanofiber materials for drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
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45
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Uz M, Das SR, Ding S, Sakaguchi DS, Claussen JC, Mallapragada SK. Advances in Controlling Differentiation of Adult Stem Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701046. [PMID: 29656561 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult stems cells, possessing the ability to grow, migrate, proliferate, and transdifferentiate into various specific phenotypes, constitute a great asset for peripheral nerve regeneration. Adult stem cells' ability to undergo transdifferentiation is sensitive to various cell-to-cell interactions and external stimuli involving interactions with physical, mechanical, and chemical cues within their microenvironment. Various studies have employed different techniques for transdifferentiating adult stem cells from distinct sources into specific lineages (e.g., glial cells and neurons). These techniques include chemical and/or electrical induction as well as cell-to-cell interactions via co-culture along with the use of various 3D conduit/scaffold designs. Such scaffolds consist of unique materials that possess controllable physical/mechanical properties mimicking cells' natural extracellular matrix. However, current limitations regarding non-scalable transdifferentiation protocols, fate commitment of transdifferentiated stem cells, and conduit/scaffold design have required new strategies for effective stem cells transdifferentiation and implantation. In this progress report, a comprehensive review of recent advances in the transdifferentiation of adult stem cells via different approaches along with multifunctional conduit/scaffolds designs is presented for peripheral nerve regeneration. Potential cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways associated with differentiation are also included. The discussion with current challenges in the field and an outlook toward future research directions is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Suprem R. Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Donald S. Sakaguchi
- Neuroscience Program Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Jonathan C. Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Surya K. Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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46
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Jin L, Hu B, Li Z, Li J, Gao Y, Wang Z, Hao J. Synergistic Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Aligned Nanofibrous Microenvironment on Growth Behavior of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18543-18550. [PMID: 29768013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Incontrollable cellular growth behavior is a significant issue, which severely affects the functional tissue formation and cellular protein expression. Development of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) like biomaterials to present microenvironment cues for regulation of cell responses can effectively overcome this problem. The external simulation and topological characteristics as typical guiding cues are capable of providing diverse influences on cellular growth. Herein, we fabricated two-dimensional aligned conductive nanofibers (2D-ACNFs) by an electrospinning process and surface polymerization, and the obtained 2D-ACNFs provided the effects of both alignment and electrical stimulation (ES) on cellular response of human mesenchymal cells (hMSCs). The results of cellular responses implied that the obtained 2D-ACNFs could offer a synergistic effect of both ES and aligned nanopattern on hMSC growth behavior. The effects could not only promote hMSCs to contact each other and maintain cellular activity but also provide positive promotion to regulate cellular proliferation. Thus, we believe that the obtained 2D-ACNFs will have a broad application in the biomedical field, such as cell culture with ES, directional induction for cell growth, and damaged tissue repair, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou University People's Hospital , Number 7 Weiwu Road , Zhengzhou 450003 , P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Zhoukou 466001 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Zhoukou 466001 , P. R. China
| | - Zhanrong Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou University People's Hospital , Number 7 Weiwu Road , Zhengzhou 450003 , P. R. China
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou University People's Hospital , Number 7 Weiwu Road , Zhengzhou 450003 , P. R. China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou University People's Hospital , Number 7 Weiwu Road , Zhengzhou 450003 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Zhoukou 466001 , P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P. R. China
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47
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Wang X, Chen Z, Zhou B, Duan X, Weng W, Cheng K, Wang H, Lin J. Cell-Sheet-Derived ECM Coatings and Their Effects on BMSCs Responses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11508-11518. [PMID: 29564888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a dynamic and complex environment to determine the fate of stem cells. In this work, light harvested cell sheets were treated with paraformaldehyde or ethanol, which eventually become ECM. Such ECM was then immobilized on titanium substrates via polydopamine chemistry. Their effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) behaviors were investigated. It was found that paraformaldehyde-treated ECM coating (PT-ECM) showed a well-maintained microstructure, whereas that of ethanol-treated (ET-ECM) was completely changed. As a result, different amide structures and distributions of ECM components, such as laminin and collagen I, were exhibited. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin secretion, related gene expression, and mineral deposition were evaluated for BMSCs cultured on both ECM coatings. PT-ECM was demonstrated to promote osteogenic differentiation much more efficiently than that of ET-ECM. That is ascribed to the preservation of native ECM milieu of PT-ECM. Such ECM acquirement and immobilization method could establish surfaces being able to direct stem cell responses on various materials. That shows promising potential in bone tissue engineering and other related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
- School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 3100058 , China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xiyue Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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Wu T, Xue J, Li H, Zhu C, Mo X, Xia Y. General Method for Generating Circular Gradients of Active Proteins on Nanofiber Scaffolds Sought for Wound Closure and Related Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8536-8545. [PMID: 29420008 PMCID: PMC7758906 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds functionalized with circular gradients of active proteins are attractive for tissue regeneration because of their enhanced capability to accelerate cell migration and/or promote neurite extension in a radial fashion. Here, we report a general method for generating circular gradients of active proteins on scaffolds composed of radially aligned nanofibers. In a typical process, the scaffold, with its central portion raised using a copper wire to take a cone shape, was placed in a container (upright or up-side-down), followed by dropwise addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution into the container. As such, a circular gradient of BSA was generated along each nanofiber. The bare regions uncovered by BSA were then filled with an active protein of interest. In demonstrating their potential applications, we used different model systems to examine the effects of two types of protein gradients. While the gradient of laminin and epidermal growth factor accelerated the migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, respectively, from the periphery toward the center of the scaffold, the gradient of nerve growth factor promoted the radial extension of neurites from the embryonic chick dorsal root ganglion. This method for generating circular gradients of active proteins can be readily extended to different types of scaffolds to suit wound closure and related applications that involve cell migration and/or neurite extension in a radial fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Haoxuan Li
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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49
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Design of Fiber Networks for Studying Metastatic Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:289-318. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Xue J, Xie J, Liu W, Xia Y. Electrospun Nanofibers: New Concepts, Materials, and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1976-1987. [PMID: 28777535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique that relies on the electrostatic repulsion between surface charges to continuously draw nanofibers from a viscoelastic fluid. It has been applied to successfully produce nanofibers, with diameters down to tens of nanometers, from a rich variety of materials, including polymers, ceramics, small molecules, and their combinations. In addition to solid nanofibers with a smooth surface, electrospinning has also been adapted to generate nanofibers with a number of secondary structures, including those characterized by a porous, hollow, or core-sheath structure. The surface and/or interior of such nanofibers can be further functionalized with molecular species or nanoparticles during or after an electrospinning process. In addition, electrospun nanofibers can be assembled into ordered arrays or hierarchical structures by manipulation of their alignment, stacking, and/or folding. All of these attributes make electrospun nanofibers well-suited for a broad spectrum of applications, including those related to air filtration, water purification, heterogeneous catalysis, environmental protection, smart textiles, surface coating, energy harvesting/conversion/storage, encapsulation of bioactive species, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Over the past 15 years, our group has extensively explored the use of electrospun nanofibers for a range of applications. Here we mainly focus on two examples: (i) use of ceramic nanofibers as catalytic supports for noble-metal nanoparticles and (ii) exploration of polymeric nanofibers as scaffolding materials for tissue regeneration. Because of their high porosity, high surface area to volume ratio, well-controlled composition, and good thermal stability, nonwoven membranes made of ceramic nanofibers are terrific supports for catalysts based on noble-metal nanoparticles. We have investigated the use of ceramic nanofibers made of various oxides, including SiO2, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, and ZrO2, as supports for heterogeneous catalysts based on noble metals such as Au, Pt, Pd, and Rh. On the other hand, the diameter, composition, alignment, porosity, and surface properties of polymeric nanofibers can be engineered in a controllable fashion to mimic the hierarchical architecture of an extracellular matrix and help manipulate cell behaviors for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To this end, we can mimic the native structure and morphology of the extracellular matrix in tendon using uniaxially aligned nanofibers; we can use radially aligned nanofibers to direct the migration of cells from the periphery to the center in an effort to speed up wound healing; and we can also use uniaxially aligned nanofibers to guide and expedite the extension of neurites for peripheral nerve repair. Furthermore, we can replicate the anatomic structures at the tendon-to-bone insertion using nanofiber scaffolds with graded mineral coatings. In this Account, we aim to demonstrate the unique capabilities of electrospun nanofibers as porous supports for heterogeneous catalysis and as functional scaffolds for tissue regeneration by concentrating on some of the recent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department
of Surgery-Transplant, Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine
Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Wenying Liu
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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