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He Q, Zhang W, Zhan X, Qin Y, Ye J. Enhanced bioactivity and hydrothermal aging resistance of Y-TZP ceramics for dental implant. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1824-1839. [PMID: 37255008 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) ceramics have been widely used as restorative materials due to their high mechanical strength, unique esthetic effect, and good biocompatibility, their general application to implant materials is still limited by their biological inertness and hydrothermal aging phenomenon. Existing studies have attempted to investigate how to enhance the bioactivity or hydrothermal aging resistance of Y-TZP. Still, more studies need to be done on the modification that combines these two aspects. In this study, Y-TZP was prepared by 77S bioactive glass (BG) sol and akermanite (AKT) sol infiltration and microwave sintering, which provided Y-TZP with high bioactivity while maintaining resistance to hydrothermal aging. Results of phase composition evaluation, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical property tests showed that modified Y-TZP specimens exhibited little or no tetragonal-to-monoclinic (t → m) transformation and maintained relatively high mechanical properties after accelerated hydrothermal aging treatment. The in vitro biological behaviors showed that the introduction of 77S BG and AKT significantly promoted cell adhesion, spreading, viability, and proliferation on the surface of modified Y-TZP ceramics. Therefore, this modification could effectively enhance the bioactivity and hydrothermal aging resistance of Y-TZP ceramics for its application in dental implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhan
- Hospital of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Qin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang W, Fu W, Wang X, Ye J. Improving the osseointegration and soft tissue sealing of zirconia ceramics by the incorporation of akermanite via sol infiltration for dental implants. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:4237-4259. [PMID: 37115523 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia ceramics are promising dental implant materials due to their high-grade biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and distinctive aesthetic appearance. Nevertheless, zirconia ceramics are bio-inert with a lack of osseointegration and soft tissue sealing, which limits dental implant applications. As such, the fabrication of zirconia ceramics with high mechanical strength, excellent osseointegration and soft tissue sealing performance remains a great challenge in the dental restoration field. In this article, a novel zirconia ceramic with akermanite (AKT) modification by the negative pressure infiltration method is presented. The effects of AKT sol infiltration at different times on the morphology, phase composition, mechanical properties, bioactivity, osseointegration and soft tissue sealing of the modified zirconia ceramics have been systematically investigated. The modified zirconia ceramics feature excellent mechanical properties and significantly improved surface roughness, hydrophilia, and apatite mineralization ability as compared with unmodified zirconia ceramics. Furthermore, cell-culture experiment results indicated that the surface modification of zirconia ceramics could promote adhesion, spreading, migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal stem cells (mBMSCs), as well as the early adhesion, spreading, proliferation and fibroblast differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro. The prepared bioactive zirconia distinctively enhanced the alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, osteogenesis-related gene expression of mBMSCs and fibroblast-related-gene expression of HGFs. The in vivo evaluation confirmed that 15-TZP ceramics could promote bone-implant osseointegration to the greatest extent as compared with pure zirconia ceramics. To conclude, our research has shown that AKT-modified zirconia ceramics can achieve bone integration and soft tissue sealing, indicating that they have a lot of potential for application as a novel dental implant material in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Fu
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Tang S, Ding N, Zhang Z. Polycrystalline particulates synthesized on zirconia for enhanced bioactivity: An in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:117-126. [PMID: 35841321 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia is a promising material for dental implant with its excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, and esthetic effect similar to natural teeth. To improve the bioactivity and osteogenic properties of zirconia, pre-sintered zirconia discs were divided into C, T3 , T5 , and T7 group. Group C was as control. T3 , T5 , and T7 groups were soaked in hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 30, 50, and 70 s, respectively. Then, they were placed into CaCl2 solution and heated in NaOH solution. After sintering, the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the ZrO2 polycrystalline particulates in situ synthesized on the treated sample discs. The surface roughness of the treated samples was increased with the prolonged of acid treatment time (p < .05), while the three-point bending strength did not decrease significantly (p > .05). MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on zirconia discs to evaluate the bioactivity and osteogenic effect of modified zirconia. The living&dead fluorescence staining and CCK-8 assay showed that the specimens were non-toxic and significantly promoted cell proliferation. In addition, the cell proliferation was enhanced with the increase of zirconia surface roughness. Polycrystalline particles modified zirconia were beneficial to cell spreading. After osteogenic induction, MC3T3-E1 cells inoculated on modified zirconia exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization activity and up-regulated osteogenesis-related gene expression. Above all, in situ synthesized polycrystalline particulates significantly improve the biological activity of zirconia, which will promote the widespread application of zirconia implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zutai Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Tang S, Wang Y, Zong Z, Ding N, Zhang Z. Enhanced osteogenic activity of titania-modified zirconia implant by ultraviolet irradiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:945869. [PMID: 36003530 PMCID: PMC9393212 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.945869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconia is a superior implant material owing to its high mechanical strength, durable corrosion resistance, superior aesthetic effect and excellent biocompatibility. However, the bioactivity of zirconia surfaces remains a great challenge for implant osseointegration. A titania (TiO2) coating was innovatively synthesized on the surface of zirconia by infiltration in a suspension of zirconium oxychloride and titania for dense sintering. Subsequently, the coating was subjected to ultraviolet (UV) light to enhance the biological inertness of zirconia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle analysis were conducted to confirm the surface characteristics. Afterwards, in vitro assessments of cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were performed. Zirconia samples were implanted into rat femurs to assess biocompatibility and host tissue response in vivo. Micro-CT evaluation and histological testing were conducted. After UV irradiation, the content of hydroxyl groups and hydrophilicity of TiO2-modified zirconia were significantly increased. The results of in vitro experiments showed that TiO2-modified zirconia subjected to UV light could promote cell proliferation and spreading, enhance ALP activity and the degree of mineralization, and upregulate osteogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, in vivo assessments confirmed that UV-irradiated TiO2-modified zirconia implants maximized the promotion of osseointegration. TiO2-modified zirconia after UV treatment will have broad clinical application prospects in improving the osseointegration of zirconia implants.
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Nawaz Q, de Pablos-Martín A, Berthold L, Martins de Souza e Silva J, Hurle K, Boccaccini AR. Mapping the elemental and crystalline phase distribution in Cu2+ doped 45S5 bioactive glass upon crystallization. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano-CT and TEM imaging characterisation of Cu-doped 45S5 glass-ceramics. The grain size and content of Cu-riched glassy phase, which affect bioactive and mechanical responses, can be tuned by heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Nawaz
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Araceli de Pablos-Martín
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Huelse-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lutz Berthold
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Huelse-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Juliana Martins de Souza e Silva
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Huelse-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Katrin Hurle
- Mineralogy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schloßgarten 5a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Alagiriswamy G, Krishnan CS, Ramakrishnan H, Jayakrishnakumar SK, Mahadevan V, Azhagarasan NS. Surface Characteristics and Bioactivity of Zirconia (Y-TZP) with Different Surface Treatments. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S114-S123. [PMID: 33149441 PMCID: PMC7595469 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_39_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Zirconia being a bio-inert material needs to be surface treated to render it more bioactive and enhance its osseointegration potential. However, bioactivity studies focusing on the ability of sandblasting and ultraviolet photofunctionalization (UVP) surface treatments in inducing apatite precipitation using simulated body fluid (SBF) are lacking. Aim: The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the effect of two different surface treatments—sandblasting with 50 µm alumina and UVP with ultraviolet C (UVC) light on the bioactivity of zirconia. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 discs with dimensions 10 mm × 2 mm were obtained from zirconia blanks (Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Austria) and randomly divided into three groups (n = 11), namely Group I (untreated), Group II (sandblasted), and Group III (UVP). Surface characteristics of representative test samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle goniometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), to assess type of crystal phase of zirconia, surface roughness, wettability, surface topography, and elemental composition, respectively. SBF was prepared and calcium content in SBF (Ca-SBF) was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD), and Student’s t test for statistical significance (P < 0.05, significant; P < 0.01, highly significant). Surface characteristics analyses revealed that XRD showed predominant tetragonal (t) zirconia crystal phase for all test groups. Mean surface roughness (Sa) of Group I was 41.83 nm, and it was significantly lesser than that of Group II (115.65 nm) and Group III (102.43 nm). Mean contact angles were 98.26°, 86.77°, and 68.03° for Groups I, II, and III, respectively, and these differences were highly significant. Mean pre-immersion Ca content in SBF was found to be 159 mg/L. Mean post-immersion Ca content was 70.10, 60.80, and 56.20 mg/L for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. Significant differences were found between Group I as compared to both Groups II and III. Bioactivity of Group III was marginally, but insignificantly higher with respect to Group II. Groups II and III were insignificant with respect to each other. Post-immersion XRD revealed predominant “t” phase, and SEM-EDX revealed well-formed, abundant calcium apatite layer on the treated samples as compared to that on untreated sample and an increasing Ca/P ratio from 1.15, 1.79 to 2.08, respectively from Group I to Group III. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, both sandblasting and UVP significantly and similarly improved bioactivity of zirconia as compared to the untreated samples, which was corroborated by the SEM-EDX results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathree Alagiriswamy
- Department of Prosthodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Shankar Krishnan
- Department of Prosthodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hariharan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Prosthodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vallabh Mahadevan
- Department of Prosthodontics & Implantology, Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Han A, Tsoi JKH, Lung CYK, Matinlinna JP. An introduction of biological performance of zirconia with different surface characteristics: A review. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:523-530. [PMID: 32507797 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic is widely used in dentistry as a clinical dental biomaterial. In this review, we are focusing on and summarizing the biological performance of zirconia under different surface characteristics. We have included an initial tissue cell attachment study on zirconia and bacterial adhesion on zirconia. Our results suggest that surface modifications applied on zirconia may change the interfacial surface characteristics e.g. surface roughness, surface free energy, and chemistry of zirconia. The modifications also result in advanced biological performance of zirconia, including enhanced tissue cell attachment and reduction of bacterial adhesion. The recent laboratory research has provided many interesting modification methods and showed clinically interesting and promising outcomes. A few of the outcomes are validated and have been applied in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Han
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - James K H Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Christie Y K Lung
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
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Brandt S, Winter A, Lauer HC, Kollmar F, Portscher-Kim SJ, Romanos GE. IPS e.max for All-Ceramic Restorations: Clinical Survival and Success Rates of Full-Coverage Crowns and Fixed Partial Dentures. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12030462. [PMID: 30717358 PMCID: PMC6384731 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The IPS e.max system by Ivoclar Vivadent, offering a variety of products and indications, is widely used for all-ceramic restorations. We analyzed the clinical track record of these products in daily clinical practice, associating their restorative survival rate with various parameters to define recommendations for long-term stability. A total of 1058 full-coverage crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs) were evaluated retrospectively over up to 66.48 (37.05 ± 18.4) months. All were made of IPS e.max Press, IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max Ceram or IPS e.max ZirPress and had been delivered by a private dental practice within three years. Uses not recommended by the manufacturer were also deliberately included. The five-year cumulative survival was 94.22% (i.e., 94.69% or 90.58% for glass-ceramic crowns or FDPs and 100% or 90.06% for zirconia-based crowns or FDPs). Significantly superior outcomes emerged for conventional vs. adhesive cementation and for vital vs. non-vital abutment teeth, but not for recommended vs. non-recommended uses. Caution is required in restoring non-vital teeth, but the spectrum of recommended uses should generally be reconsidered and expanded, given our finding of high survival and success rates for IPS e.max ceramics, even for uses not currently recommended by the manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Brandt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Anna Winter
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry, Oral Medicine, Julius Maximilian University, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Christoph Lauer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Fritz Kollmar
- Private Practice Dr. Fritz Kollmar, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 55, 34117 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Soo-Jeong Portscher-Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Germany and Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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