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Singh M, Ingle A, González A, Mariathomas P, Ramanathan R, Taylor PD, Christofferson AJ, Spencer MJS, Low MX, Ahmed T, Walia S, Trasobares S, Manzorro R, Calvino JJ, García-Fernández E, Orte A, Dominguez-Vera JM, Bansal V. Repairing and Preventing Photooxidation of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus with β-Carotene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8083-8097. [PMID: 37093765 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP), a technologically important 2D material, faces a major hurdle to consumer applications: spontaneous degradation under ambient conditions. Blocking the direct exposure of FLBP to the environment has remained the key strategy to enhance its stability, but this can also limit its utility. In this paper, a more ambitious approach to handling FLBP is reported where not only is FLBP oxidation blocked, but it is also repaired postoxidation. Our approach, inspired by nature, employs the antioxidant molecule β-carotene that protects plants against photooxidative damages to act as a protecting and repairing agent for FLBP. The mechanistic role of β-carotene is established by a suite of spectro-microscopy techniques, in combination with computational studies and biochemical assays. Transconductance studies on FLBP-based field effect transistor (FET) devices further affirm the protective and reparative effects of β-carotene. The outcomes indicate the potential for deploying a plethora of natural antioxidant molecules to enhance the stability of other environmentally sensitive inorganic nanomaterials and expedite their translation for technological and consumer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Ian Potter NanoBiosensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aviraj Ingle
- Ian Potter NanoBiosensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ana González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Instituto de Biotecnología. Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pyria Mariathomas
- Ian Potter NanoBiosensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ramanathan
- Ian Potter NanoBiosensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick D Taylor
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | | | - Michelle J S Spencer
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mei Xian Low
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Taimur Ahmed
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sumeet Walia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Susana Trasobares
- Departamento Ciencia de Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgicay Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ramón Manzorro
- Departamento Ciencia de Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgicay Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose J Calvino
- Departamento Ciencia de Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgicay Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Emilio García-Fernández
- Nanoscopy-UGR Lab. Departamento de Fisicoquímica. Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Orte
- Nanoscopy-UGR Lab. Departamento de Fisicoquímica. Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Dominguez-Vera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Instituto de Biotecnología. Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Ian Potter NanoBiosensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Han Y, Rong X, Yingang Xue MW, Dai H, Liu Y. Progress in the preparation, application, and recycling of black phosphorus. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137161. [PMID: 36347351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) are a new member of the nanomaterial family, and they have good development potential in electrochemistry, electronics, optoelectronics, environmental protection, biomedical, and other fields because of their bandgap width, high anisotropy, broad optical absorption, high carrier mobility and many other features. Although many articles have been published about the preparation and application of BPNSs, these aspects have not been elucidated, and we aimed to fill this knowledge gap in this review. First, we used VOSviewer software to sort out articles published in the past 5 years and drew a literature map, which allowed us to sort out the relationship between various studies related to BPNSs, and reflect on the research focus in recent years. Because BPNSs must be made from black phosphorus (BP), and BPNSs are a nano form of BP, the collation of the BP preparation scheme was also helpful for the related research on BPNSs. This paper introduces the preparation of bulk BP and BPNSs, analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and points out the most promising methods in the future. Then, we propose improvement directions for this method. We also introduce the characterization of BPNSs and combine it with the subsequent photocatalytic application of BPNSs. As a new material, the effect of BPNSs on the environment is still unknown; thus, an end treatment scheme for BPNSs is summarized according to existing methods. Based on the experience of nanomaterial treatment, this paper proposes a research focus for the end treatment of BPNSs in the future, providing a reference scheme for the end treatment of other nanomaterials. Finally, we summarize the full text and propose recommended methods and improvement plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Xiaolong Rong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Mingxin Wang Yingang Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Hao Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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3
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Li J, Yi S, Wang K, Liu Y, Li J. Alkene-Catalyzed Rapid Layer-by-Layer Thinning of Black Phosphorus for Precise Nanomanufacturing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13111-13122. [PMID: 35943043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising material for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, it is still challenging to obtain geometrically well-defined BP with desirable thickness. The method involving rapid BP surface reaction via alkene-catalyzed oxidation and easy removal of reactants by a mechanical effect was proposed to achieve the precise layer-by-layer thinning and real-time thickness monitoring of BP for nanopatterning with high spatial resolution based on mechanical scanning probe nanolithography. The enhanced electron affinity of oxygen with the assistance of a carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) in the alkene was demonstrated by density functional theory calculations, shortening the BP surface oxidation period by 99%, which provides access for the rapid thinning. The few-layer BP nanoflake with nested structure and arbitrary thickness on various substrates and the nanopatterned heterojunctions (BP/graphene and BP/hexagonal boron nitride) can be precisely fabricated by the adjustment of scanning number under a small load. This thinning technology was efficient and universal, which could be used to fabricate a BP field-effect transistor with a thinned channel to enhance the capability for current modulation, showing great potential applications for designing high-performance nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Effective removal of water-soluble methylated arsenic contaminants with phosphorene oxide nanoflakes: A DFT study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wan D, Huang H, Wang Z, Liu X, Liao L. Recent advances in long-term stable black phosphorus transistors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20089-20099. [PMID: 33006355 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05204c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) presents extensive exciting properties attributed to the high mobility and non-dangling bonds uniform surface with simultaneously obtained atomically ultrathin body and offer opportunities beyond the traditional materials. BP has thus emerged as a unique material in the post-silicon era for low-power electronics and photo-electronics. Tremendous efforts have been invested in fully developing the extreme potentiality of BP for future nanoelectronics. However, the accompanying challenges, especially the poor stability that originates from the active surface, in fabricating large-area BP transistors with comparable electrical performance to silicon electronics prevent their practical application. Herein, we review the progress of recent works that demonstrated the feasibility of enhancing the stability of BP electronics, and identify the opportunities and challenges in developing BP as atomically thin semiconductors for next-generation nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongzheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Lei Liao
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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6
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Wild S, Lloret V, Vega-Mayoral V, Vella D, Nuin E, Siebert M, Koleśnik-Gray M, Löffler M, Mayrhofer KJJ, Gadermaier C, Krstić V, Hauke F, Abellán G, Hirsch A. Monolayer black phosphorus by sequential wet-chemical surface oxidation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3570-3576. [PMID: 30854196 PMCID: PMC6369675 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09069f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a straightforward chemical methodology for controlling the thickness of black phosphorus flakes down to the monolayer limit by layer-by-layer oxidation and thinning, using water as solubilizing agent. Moreover, the oxidation process can be stopped at will by two different passivation procedures, namely the non-covalent functionalization with perylene diimide chromophores, which prevents the photooxidation, or by using a protective ionic liquid layer. The obtained flakes preserve their electronic properties as demonstrated by fabricating a BP field-effect transistor (FET). This work paves the way for the preparation of BP devices with controlled thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wild
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. ;
| | - Vicent Lloret
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. ;
| | - Victor Vega-Mayoral
- CRANN & AMBER Research Centers, School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Complex Matter, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniele Vella
- Department of Complex Matter, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Edurne Nuin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. ;
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Siebert
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Koleśnik-Gray
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Löffler
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Immerwahrstraße 2a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Immerwahrstraße 2a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Gadermaier
- Department of Complex Matter, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vojislav Krstić
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. ;
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. ;
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. ;
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Wu S, He F, Xie G, Bian Z, Luo J, Wen S. Black Phosphorus: Degradation Favors Lubrication. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5618-5627. [PMID: 30067373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to its innate instability, the degradation of black phosphorus (BP) with oxygen and moisture was considered the obstacle for its application in ambient conditions. Here, a friction force reduced by about 50% at the degraded area of the BP nanosheets was expressly observed using atomic force microscopy due to the produced phosphorus oxides during degradation. Energy-dispersive spectrometer mapping analyses corroborated the localized concentration of oxygen on the degraded BP flake surface where friction reduction was observed. Water absorption was discovered to be essential for the degraded characteristic as well as the friction reduction behavior of BP sheets. The combination of water molecules as well as the resulting chemical groups (P-OH bonds) that are formed on the oxidized surface may account for the friction reduction of degraded BP flakes. It is indicated that, besides its layered structure, the ambient degradation of BP significantly favors its lubrication behavior.
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