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Ramanujam R, Hsu HL, Shi ZE, Lung CY, Lee CH, Wubie GZ, Chen CP, Sun SS. Interfacial Layer Materials with a Truxene Core for Dopant-Free NiO x-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310939. [PMID: 38453670 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiOx) is commonly used as a holetransporting material (HTM) in p-i-n perovskite solar cells. However, the weak chemical interaction between the NiOx and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) interface results in poor crystallinity, ineffective hole extraction, and enhanced carrier recombination, which are the leading causes for the limited stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, two HTMs, TRUX-D1 (N2,N7,N12-tris(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N2,N7,N12-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1',2'-c]fluorene-2,7,12-triamine) and TRUX-D2 (5,5,10,10,15,15-hexaheptyl-N2,N7,N12-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-N2,N7,N12-tris(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1',2'-c]fluorene-2,7,12-triamine), are designed with a rigid planar C3 symmetry truxene core integrated with electron-donating amino groups at peripheral positions. The TRUX-D molecules are employed as effective interfacial layer (IFL) materials between the NiOx and MAPbI3 interface. The incorporation of truxene-based IFLs improves the quality of perovskite crystallinity, minimizes nonradiative recombination, and accelerates charge extraction which has been confirmed by various characterization techniques. As a result, the TRUX-D1 exhibits a maximum PCE of up to 20.8% with an impressive long-term stability. The unencapsulated device retains 98% of their initial performance following 210 days of aging in a glove box and 75.5% for the device after 80 days under ambient air condition with humidity over 40% at 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarathinam Ramanujam
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Lin Hsu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhong-En Shi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Yu Lung
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Han Lee
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Engineering and Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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2
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Gao Y, Liu Z, Li T, Zhao W. Mixed-Valence BN-Doped Corannulene Trimer Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314006. [PMID: 37847644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-valence (MV) dimers have been extensively investigated, however, the structure and properties of purely organic MV trimers based on open-shell polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remain elusive. Herein, unprecedented MV BN-doped corannulene radical cations [BN-Cor1]3 ⋅⋅2+ ⋅ 2[BArylF 4 ]- and [BN-Cor2]3 ⋅⋅2+ ⋅ 2[BArylF 4 ]- were synthesized via chemical oxidation, and their structures were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These uncommon radical cations consist of three corannulene cores and two [BArylF 4 ]- anions, and three corannulene motifs [BN-Cor1]3 ⋅⋅2+ and [BN-Cor2]3 ⋅⋅2+ in the unit cell exhibit a trimer structure with a slipped π-stacking configuration. Detailed structural analyses further revealed that the corannulene cores exhibit an infinite layered self-assembly configuration, allowing their potential applications as building blocks for molecular conductors. The detection of a forbidden transition (Δms =±2) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy further confirmed the existence of two unpaired electrons in the π-trimers and the MV characteristic of these two species. Variable-temperature EPR and conductivity measurements suggested that the BN-doped π-trimers exhibited antiferromagnetic coupling and conductivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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3
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Li W, Cariello M, Méndez M, Cooke G, Palomares E. Self-Assembled Molecules for Hole-Selective Electrodes in Highly Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Ultralow Energy Loss. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:1239-1247. [PMID: 36817750 PMCID: PMC9930087 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Good selective contacts are necessary for solar cells that are efficient and have long-term stability. Since 1998, with the advent of solid-state dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), Spiro-OMeTAD has become the reference hole-transporting material. Yet, for efficient solar cells Spiro-OMeTAD must be partially oxidized with chemical dopants, which compromises the long-term stability of the solar cell. Alternatively, semiconductor polymers such as PTAA have been also studied, matching or improving the solar cell characteristics. However, PTAA-based devices lack long-term stability. Moreover, both Spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA are expensive materials to synthesize. Hence, approaches toward increasing the solar cell stability without compromising the device efficiency and decreasing the manufacturing cost are very desirable. In this work we have modified Spiro-OMeTAD, by an easy-to-use methodology, by introducing a carboxylic acid anchoring group (Spiro-Acid), thereby allowing the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the hole-transporting material in dopant-free p-i-n hybrid perovskite solar cells (iPSCs). The resulting device showed a champion efficiency of 18.15% with ultralow energy loss, which is the highest efficiency among Spiro-OMeTAD-based iPSCs, and a remarkable fill factor of over 82%, as well as excellent long-term illumination stability. Charge transfer and charge carrier dynamics are studied by using advanced transient techniques to understand the interfacial kinetics. Our results demonstrate that the Spiro-OMeTAD-based SAMs have a great potential in producing low-cost iPSC devices, due to lower material usage, good long-term stability, and high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - Michele Cariello
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Maria Méndez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
| | - Graeme Cooke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Etabti H, Fitri A, Benjelloun AT, Benzakour M, Mcharfi M. Designing and Theoretical Study of Dibenzocarbazole Derivatives Based Hole Transport Materials: Application for Perovskite Solar Cells. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1201-1216. [PMID: 36629966 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are essentials in producing the efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this article, we provided the investigation results of electronic structures and photophysical characteristics of eight designed derivatives (HTM1a-HTM4a and HTM1b-HTM4b) of a dibenzocarbazole-based compound HTMR. HTMR was modified by substituting the terminal groups located on the diphenylamine moieties with two and four electron donor groups (ED1-ED4) of different character. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) have been used to optimize the geometry of the ground state and for excited state calculations, respectively. The nature and number of electron donor substitutions on the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), ionization potential (IP), electronic affinity (AE), maximum absorption wavelengths ([Formula: see text], solubility ([Formula: see text], stability (η), exciton binding energy ([Formula: see text], reorganization energies ([Formula: see text] and charge mobility (k) are examined and discussed in detail. On this basis, the features such as proper HOMO levels (-5.464 and -4.745 eV), comparable hole mobilities ([Formula: see text] (4.632 × 1013 and 1.177 × 1014 s-1), a significant [Formula: see text] (367.13 and 398.27 nm), and high η (1.440 and 1.667 eV) have made these structures suitable hole transport materials (HTMs) to provide perovskite solar cells with a high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Etabti
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Asmae Fitri
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adil Touimi Benjelloun
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benzakour
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mcharfi
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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5
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Górski K, Mech-Piskorz J, Pietraszkiewicz M. From truxenes to heterotruxenes: playing with heteroatoms and the symmetry of molecules. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the modification of truxene, we can change the electronic structure or create multidimensional materials. Thus, the use of truxenes is very wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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6
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Zhang X, Liu X, Ghadari R, Li M, Zhou Z, Ding Y, Cai M, Dai S. Tetraphenylethylene-Arylamine Derivatives as Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12322-12330. [PMID: 33683113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of hole transporting materials (HTMs) with fused tetraphenylethylene cores (9,9'-bifluorenylidene and dibenzo[g,p]chrysene) as well as different substitution positions of arylamine side arms has been designed and synthesized. A reference HTM with a non-fused tetraphenylethylene core is also prepared for a comparative study. It is noted that fused tetraphenylethylene molecules show a bathochromic spectral shift, electronegative character, and lower reorganization energies than the non-fused ones. Furthermore, the molecules with side arms located on the meta-position on the tetraphenylethylene core in terms of a double bond exhibit a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital level than those of the para-position-based ones whether tetraphenylethylene is fused or not. Moreover, the reorganization energies of fused meta-position-based HTMs are lower than those of para-position-based HTMs. Fused tetraphenylethylene HTMs own a better hole-extraction capability than the non-fused ones. When used in perovskite solar cells, all devices with fused tetraphenylethylene HTMs display better performance than those of the non-fused ones. The HTMs based on dibenzo[g,p]chrysene exhibit better performance than those of bifluorenylidene. Moreover, the devices with HTMs with side arms located on the meta-position on the tetraphenylethylene core display higher power conversion efficiency than those of the para-position-based ones. The results give some new insight and reference to develop ideal HTMs for perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xuepeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rahim Ghadari
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Maohui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zi'an Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Molang Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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7
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Wang YK, Ma H, Chen Q, Sun Q, Liu Z, Sun Z, Jia X, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yuan N, Ding J, Zhou Y, Song B, Li Y. Fluorinating Dopant-Free Small-Molecule Hole-Transport Material to Enhance the Photovoltaic Property. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7705-7713. [PMID: 33529006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For the stability and commercial development of the perovskite solar cells (PVK-SCs), synthesizing high-efficiency dopant-free hole-transport materials (DF-HTMs) and exploring how the DF-HTM structure affects the photovoltaic performance is inevitable. Two small-molecule DF-HTMs based on 2,2'-bithiophene as a central part (denoted by BT-MTP and DFBT-MTP) were designed and synthesized. DFBT-MTP, with two more fluorine atoms substituted on the 2,2'-bithiophene group, exhibited enhanced photovoltaic property as DF-HTMs, including larger backbone planarity, declining highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) energy level, increasing hole transportation, more effective passivation, and efficient charge extraction. With fluorinated DFBT-MTP being applied as DF-HTMs in p-i-n PVK-SCs, an efficiency of 20.2% was achieved, showing ∼35% efficiency increase compared with the nonfluorinated BT-MTP-based devices. The leading power conversion efficiency (PCE) indicates that the fluorinated compounds should be a promising direction for exploring high-performance DF-HTMs in the p-i-n PVK-SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kai Wang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiaoyun Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Quan Sun
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengxu Liu
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguang Jia
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningyi Yuan
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianning Ding
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bo Song
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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8
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Venkateswarlu S, Lin YD, Lee KM, Liau KL, Tao YT. Thiophene-Fused Butterfly-Shaped Polycyclic Arenes with a Diphenanthro[9,10- b:9',10'- d]thiophene Core for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50495-50504. [PMID: 33112130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two polycyclic heteroarene derivatives, namely, V-1 and V-2, with a diphenanthro[9,10-b:9',10'-d]thiophene (DPT) core tethered with two diphenylaminophenyl or diphenylamino groups were first synthesized and used as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cell (PSC) fabrication. The novel HTMs exhibit appropriate energy-level alignment with the perovskite so as to ensure efficient hole transfer from the perovskite to HTMs. V-2 with the diphenylamino substituent on DPT exhibited impressive photovoltaic performance with a power conversion efficiency of 19.32%, which was higher than that of V-1 (18.60%) and the benchmark 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) (17.99%), presumably because of a better hole extraction, higher hole mobility, and excellent film-forming ability, which were supported by steady-state photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL, the hole mobility experiment, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. Meanwhile, V-2-based PSCs exhibited better long-term durability than that with V-1 and the state-of-the-art spiro-OMeTAD, which is ascribable to the excellent surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the film. This systematic study suggests that DPT-based molecules are good potential candidates as HTMs for achieving high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samala Venkateswarlu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30093, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Duo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei 11102, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Center for Reliability Sciences and Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ling Liau
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
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9
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Lin K, Jian N, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ming S, Zhen S, Jiang Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Xu J. Star-shaped trithiophene and hexathiophene functionalized truxenes: synthesis, electropolymerization, and electrochromism. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Sivanadanam J, Aidhen IS, Ramanujam K. New cyclic and acyclic imidazole-based sensitizers for achieving highly efficient photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells by a potential-assisted method. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of systematically tailored aryl acyclic (biphenyl, dye 1 and 2), cyclic (phenanthrene, dye 3 and 4) and methyl-substituted (dye 5) imidazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeeswari Sivanadanam
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Department of Chemistry
- Chennai-600 036
- India
- DST Solar Energy Harnessing Centre (DSEHC)
| | | | - Kothandaraman Ramanujam
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Department of Chemistry
- Chennai-600 036
- India
- DST Solar Energy Harnessing Centre (DSEHC)
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11
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Górski K, Mech-Piskorz J, Leśniewska B, Pietraszkiewicz O, Pietraszkiewicz M. Synthesis and Reactivity of 5-Heterotruxenes Containing Sulfur or Nitrogen as the Heteroatom. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11553-11561. [PMID: 31475531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an alternative path for the synthesis of 5-thiatruxene and the synthetic approach for 5-azatruxene not known so far. A new method for 5-thiatruxene improves the overall reaction yield from 17.5 to 22.6%, diminishes the synthesis time and costs by reducing synthetic steps from 5 to 2, and simplifies the isolation of intermediate and final products. The overall reaction yield for 5-azatruxene is 32.4%. The typical reactivity of both aromatic systems is also demonstrated. Recent research results suggest the use of 5-thiatruxene as the acceptor subunit of soluble blue emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Oksana Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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12
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Chen JB, Zhou C, Lu RQ, Wang XC, Qu H, Saha M, Liu HL, Zhang H, Cao XY. Triindolo-Truxene Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Fine-Tuning of Electronic Properties and Molecular Assembly through Molecular Engineering. Chemistry 2019; 25:1293-1299. [PMID: 30334293 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Triindolo-truxene, a C3 -symmetric molecule with a large π-conjugated plane, has six methylene carbon atoms and three aromatic carbon atoms that can be facilely functionalized. Herein, butyl, carbonyl, cyano, and/or malononitrile groups were introduced at six methylene carbon atoms (6-, 14-, 22- or 8-, 16-, 24-positions) and/or three aromatic carbon atoms (2-, 10-, and 18-positions) of triindolo-truxene to produce eight derivatives. Their photophysical properties, electrochemical properties, and molecular assembly can be effectively modulated by substituents and substitution patterns. Incorporation of electron-deficient groups led to redshifts in both the absorption and emission of these derivatives and also lowered their HOMO and LUMO levels. Different substitution patterns resulted in the different intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions. Electron-deficient substituents at the methylene carbon atoms in the 6-, 14-, and 22-positions led to intramolecular charge transfer from the fluorene arms to the truxene core, whereas the corresponding substitutions at the methylene carbon atoms in the 8-, 16-, and 24-positions resulted in intramolecular charge transfer from the truxene core to the fluorene arms. The molecular packing in single crystals and molecular aggregation in solution are also influenced by the substituents and substitution patterns. This work provides a straightforward strategy to alter the properties of triindolo-truxene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Qiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Mithu Saha
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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13
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Grisorio R, Suranna GP. Catalyst-transfer polymerization of arylamines by the Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The control over the polymerization course of arylamines by the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction was achieved by the introduction of suitable functional groups onto the AB-type monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grisorio
- DICATECh – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale
- del Territorio
- Edile e di Chimica
- Politecnico di Bari
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- DICATECh – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale
- del Territorio
- Edile e di Chimica
- Politecnico di Bari
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14
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Lin YS, Abate SY, Lai KW, Chu CW, Lin YD, Tao YT, Sun SS. New Helicene-Type Hole-Transporting Molecules for High-Performance and Durable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41439-41449. [PMID: 30406998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three azahelicene derivatives with electron-rich bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino or bis( p-methoxyphenyl)aminophenyl groups at the terminals were deliberately designed, synthesized, and characterized as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Optical and thermal properties, energy level alignments, film morphologies, hole extraction ability, and hole mobility were studied in detail. PSCs using the newly synthesized molecules as HTMs were fabricated. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.34% was observed for the bis( p-methoxyphenyl)amino-substituted derivative (SY1) and 16.10% for the bis( p-methoxyphenyl)aminophenyl-substituted derivative (SY2). Longer-chain substituent such as hexyloxy group greatly diminishes the efficiency. In addition, the dopant-free devices fabricated with SY1 as the HTM shows an average PCE of 12.13%, which is significantly higher than that of spiro-OMeTAD (7.61%). The ambient long-term stability test revealed that after 500 h, the devices prepared from SY1 and SY2 retained more than 96% of its initial performance, which is much improved than the reference device with standard spiro-OMeTAD as the HTM under the same conditions. Detailed material cost analysis reveals that the material cost for SY1 is less than 8% of that for spiro-OMeTAD. These results provide a useful direction for designing a new class of HTMs to prepare highly efficient and more durable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seid Yimer Abate
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao-Tung University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Wen Lai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Nankang, Taipei 11529 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Nankang, Taipei 11529 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Yan-Duo Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiayi University , Chiayi 600 , Taiwan , Republic of China
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15
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Gholipour S, Saliba M. From Exceptional Properties to Stability Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802385. [PMID: 30106507 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of organic-inorganic halide perovskites with exceptional properties has become an active research area in the field of photovoltaics. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to various attractive advantages, such as simple solution processing, low manufacturing cost, and high performances with power conversion efficiencies now reaching certified values close to 23% within a very short time frame of five years. Despite this rapid progress, the inferior device stability remains a great challenge. This review focuses on the factors limiting the stability of PSCs, such as humidity, heat, and irradiation, summarizing recent strategies to overcome stability and fabrication obstacles in order to open new perspectives to achieve highly durable perovskite devices toward future industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Gholipour
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Saliba
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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16
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Zhou C, Xuan W, Luo SP, Bao YH. One-step, Large-Scale Synthesis of Isotruxene. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15403823022089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A concise procedure for the one-step synthesis of isotruxene has been developed. Isotruxene is obtained in around 60% yield on a 150-gram scale through acid-catalysed cyclotrimerisation of equimolar amounts of 1-indanone and 2-indanone. The separation procedure is convenient and is based on different solubilities between isotruxene and side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Peng Luo
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Bao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
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17
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Chen YC, Huang SK, Li SS, Tsai YY, Chen CP, Chen CW, Chang YJ. Facilely Synthesized spiro[fluorene-9,9'-phenanthren-10'-one] in Donor-Acceptor-Donor Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3225-3233. [PMID: 29981207 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated two novel donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) hole-transport material (HTM) with spiro[fluorene-9,9'-phenanthren-10'-one] as the core structure, which can be synthesized through a low-cost process in high yield. Compared to the incorporation of the conventional HTM of commonly used 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), the synthesis process is greatly simplified for the presented D-A-D materials, including a minimum number of purification processes. This results in an increased production yield (>55 %) and suppressed production cost (<30 $ g-1 ), in addition to high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PCE of a PSC using our D-A-D HTM reaches 16.06 %, similar to that of Spiro-OMeTAD (16.08 %), which is attributed to comparable hole mobility and charge-transfer efficiency. D-A-D HTMs also provide better moisture resistivity to prolong the lifetime of PSCs under ambient conditions relative to their Spiro-OMeTAD counterparts. The proposed new type of D-A-D HTM has shown promising performance as an alternative HTM for PSCs and can be synthesized with high production throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec.4 (Taiwan) Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ku Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National (Taiwan) University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Sian Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yu Tsai
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist. New, Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist. New, Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National (Taiwan) University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Jay Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec.4 (Taiwan) Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
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18
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Sivanadanam J, Mandal S, Aidhen IS, Ramanujam K. Design of Cone-Shaped Hole Transporting Material Organic Structures for Perovskite Solar Cells Applications. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600 036 India
| | - Indrapal Singh Aidhen
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600 036 India
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19
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Raza E, Aziz F, Ahmad Z. Stability of organometal halide perovskite solar cells and role of HTMs: recent developments and future directions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20952-20967. [PMID: 35557744 PMCID: PMC9092397 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03477j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as one of the most exciting fields of research of our time, and the World Economic Forum in 2016 recognized them as one of the top 10 technologies in 2016. With 22.7% power conversion efficiency, PSCs are poised to revolutionize the way power is produced, stored and consumed. However, the widespread use of PSCs requires addressing the stability issue. Therefore, it is now time to focus on the critical step i.e. stability under the operating conditions for the development of a sustainable and durable PV technology based on PSCs. In order to improve the stability of PSCs, hole transport materials (HTMs) have been considered as the paramount components. This is due to the fact that most of the organic HTMs possess a hygroscopic and acidic nature that leads to poor stability of the PSCs. This article reviews briefly but comprehensively the environmental stability issues of PSCs, fundamentals, strategies for improvement, the role of HTMs towards stability and various types of HTMs. Also the environmental parameters affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells including temperature, moisture and light soaking environment have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Raza
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Physical and Numerical Sciences, University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Fakhra Aziz
- Department of Electronics, Jinnah College for Women, University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University 2713 Doha Qatar
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20
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Liang M, Cheng H, Li M, Liu L, Wang B, Wu J, Prasad Ghimire R, Wang X, Sun Z, Xue S, Qiao Q. Influence of Nonfused Cores on the Photovoltaic Performance of Linear Triphenylamine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17883-17895. [PMID: 29741353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The core plays a crucial role in achieving high performance of linear hole transport materials (HTMs) toward the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Most studies focused on the development of fused heterocycles as cores for HTMs. Nevertheless, nonfused heterocycles deserve to be studied since they can be easily synthesized. In this work, we reported a series of low-cost triphenylamine HTMs (M101-M106) with different nonfused cores. Results concluded that the introduced core has a significant influence on conductivity, hole mobility, energy level, and solubility of linear HTMs. M103 and M104 with nonfused oligothiophene cores are superior to other HTMs in terms of conductivity, hole mobility, and surface morphology. PSCs based on M104 exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.50% under AM 1.5 sun, which is comparable to that of spiro-OMeTAD (16.67%) under the same conditions. Importantly, the employment of M104 is highly economical in terms of the cost of synthesis as compared to that of spiro-OMeTAD. This work demonstrated that nonfused heterocycles, such as oligothiophene, are promising cores for high performance of linear HTMs toward PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology, College of Chemical Engineering , Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huaian 223003 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Mao Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Baiyue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Raju Prasad Ghimire
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering , South Dakota State University , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Xuda Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Qiquan Qiao
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering , South Dakota State University , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
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21
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Masi S, Mastria R, Scarfiello R, Carallo S, Nobile C, Gambino S, Sibillano T, Giannini C, Colella S, Listorti A, Cozzoli PD, Rizzo A. Room-temperature processed films of colloidal carved rod-shaped nanocrystals of reduced tungsten oxide as interlayers for perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11396-11404. [PMID: 29645032 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to their high stability, good optoelectronic and extraordinary electrochromic properties, tungsten oxides are among the most valuable yet underexploited materials for energy conversion applications. Herein, colloidal one-dimensional carved nanocrystals of reduced tungsten trioxide (WO3-x) are successfully integrated, for the first time, as a hole-transporting layer (HTL) into CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with a planar inverted device architecture. Importantly, the use of such preformed nanocrystals guarantees the facile solution-cast-only deposition of a homogeneous WO3-x thin film at room temperature, allowing achievement of the highest power conversion efficiency ever reported for perovskite solar cells incorporating raw and un-doped tungsten oxide based HTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Masi
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Polo di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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22
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Govindan V, Yang KC, Fu YS, Wu CG. Low-cost synthesis of heterocyclic spiro-type hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell applications. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01082j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The new spirobased PSC used HTM SFX-TPAM with good photovoltaic performance was prepared through low cost facile route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li
- Republic of China
| | - Yung-Sheng Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li
- Republic of China
| | - Chun-Guey Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li
- Republic of China
- Research Center for New Generation Photovoltaics
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23
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Vivo P, Salunke JK, Priimagi A. Hole-Transporting Materials for Printable Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1087. [PMID: 28914823 PMCID: PMC5615741 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent undoubtedly the most significant breakthrough in photovoltaic technology since the 1970s, with an increase in their power conversion efficiency from less than 5% to over 22% in just a few years. Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are an essential building block of PSC architectures. Currently, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N'-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene), better known as spiro-OMeTAD, is the most widely-used HTM to obtain high-efficiency devices. However, it is a tremendously expensive material with mediocre hole carrier mobility. To ensure wide-scale application of PSC-based technologies, alternative HTMs are being proposed. Solution-processable HTMs are crucial to develop inexpensive, high-throughput and printable large-area PSCs. In this review, we present the most recent advances in the design and development of different types of HTMs, with a particular focus on mesoscopic PSCs. Finally, we outline possible future research directions for further optimization of the HTMs to achieve low-cost, stable and large-area PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vivo
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jagadish K Salunke
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
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