1
|
Dhar C, Ramachandran P, Xu G, Pickering C, Čaval T, Wong M, Rice R, Zhou B, Srinivasan A, Aiyetan P, Chu CW, Moser K, Herzog TJ, Olawaiye AB, Jacob F, Serie D, Lindpaintner K, Schwarz F. Diagnosing and staging epithelial ovarian cancer by serum glycoproteomic profiling. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1716-1724. [PMID: 38658783 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for diagnostic tests for screening, triaging and staging of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Glycoproteomics of blood samples has shown promise for biomarker discovery. METHODS We applied glycoproteomics to serum of people with EOC or benign pelvic masses and healthy controls. A total of 653 analytes were quantified and assessed in multivariable models, which were tested in an independent cohort. Additionally, we analyzed glycosylation patterns in serum markers and in tissues. RESULTS We identified a biomarker panel that distinguished benign lesions from EOC with sensitivity and specificity of 83.5% and 90.1% in the training set, and of 86.7 and 86.7% in the test set, respectively. ROC analysis demonstrated strong performance across a range of cutoffs. Fucosylated multi-antennary glycopeptide markers were higher in late-stage than in early-stage EOC. A comparable pattern was found in late-stage EOC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Blood glycopeptide biomarkers have the potential to distinguish benign from malignant pelvic masses, and early- from late-stage EOC. Glycosylation of circulating and tumor tissue proteins may be related. This study supports the hypothesis that blood glycoproteomic profiling can be used for EOC diagnosis and staging and it warrants further clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Dhar
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Gege Xu
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Maurice Wong
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Rice
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Aiyetan
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Herzog
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Babatunde Olawaiye
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Serie
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Čaval T, Xu G, Baniasad M, Chu CW, Rice R, Hundal I, Czerwieniec G, Schwarz F. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Glycopeptides Enriched by Anion Exchange-Mediated Methods Reveals PolyLacNAc-Extended N-Glycans in Integrins and Tetraspanins in Melanoma Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5086-5094. [PMID: 38513651 PMCID: PMC10993200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a key modulator of the functional state of proteins. Recent developments in large-scale analysis of intact glycopeptides have enabled the identification of numerous glycan structures that are relevant in pathophysiological processes. However, one motif found in N-glycans, poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polyLacNAc), still poses a substantial challenge to mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic analysis due to its relatively low abundance and large size. In this work, we developed approaches for the systematic mapping of polyLacNAc-elongated N-glycans in melanoma cells. We first evaluated five anion exchange-based matrices for enriching intact glycopeptides and selected two materials that provided better overall enrichment efficiency. We then tested the robustness of the methodology by quantifying polyLacNAc-containing glycopeptides as well as changes in protein fucosylation and sialylation. Finally, we applied the optimal enrichment methods to discover glycopeptides containing polyLacNAc motifs in melanoma cells and found that integrins and tetraspanins are substantially modified with these structures. This study demonstrates the feasibility of glycoproteomic approaches for identification of glycoproteins with polyLacNAc motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Baniasad
- InterVenn Biosciences, 2 Tower Place Fifth Floor, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- InterVenn Biosciences, 2 Tower Place Fifth Floor, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachel Rice
- InterVenn Biosciences, 2 Tower Place Fifth Floor, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Itati Hundal
- InterVenn Biosciences, 2 Tower Place Fifth Floor, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gregg Czerwieniec
- InterVenn Biosciences, 2 Tower Place Fifth Floor, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Flavio Schwarz
- InterVenn Biosciences, 2 Tower Place Fifth Floor, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chu CW, Čaval T, Alisson-Silva F, Tankasala A, Guerrier C, Czerwieniec G, Läubli H, Schwarz F. Variable PD-1 glycosylation modulates the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302368. [PMID: 38176728 PMCID: PMC10766783 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint PD-1 have provided significant clinical benefit across a number of solid tumors, with differences in efficacy and toxicity profiles possibly related to their intrinsic molecular properties. Here, we report that camrelizumab and cemiplimab engage PD-1 through interactions with its fucosylated glycan. Using a combination of protein and cell glycoengineering, we demonstrate that the two antibodies bind preferentially to PD-1 with core fucose at the asparagine N58 residue. We then provide evidence that the concentration of fucosylated PD-1 in the blood of non-small-cell lung cancer patients varies across different stages of disease. This study illustrates how glycoprofiling of surface receptors and related circulating forms can inform the development of differentiated antibodies that discriminate glycosylation variants and achieve enhanced selectivity, and paves the way toward the implementation of personalized therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chu
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heinz Läubli
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, and University Hospital Basel, Division of Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bera KP, Hanmandlu C, Lin HI, Ghosh R, Gudelli VK, Lai CS, Chu CW, Chen YF. Fabry-Perot Oscillation and Resonance Energy Transfer: Mechanism for Ultralow-Threshold Optically and Electrically Driven Random Laser in Quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites. ACS Nano 2023; 17:5373-5386. [PMID: 36897286 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recently emerged metal-halide hybrid perovskite (MHP) possesses superb optoelectronic features, which have obtained great attention in solid-state lighting, photodetection, and photovoltaic applications. Because of its excellent external quantum efficiency, MHP has promising potential for the manifestation of ultralow threshold optically pumped laser. However, the demonstration of an electrically driven laser remains a challenge because of the vulnerable degradation of perovskite, limited exciton binding energy (Eb), intensity quenching, and efficiency drop by nonradiative recombinations. In this work, based on the paradigm of integration of Fabry-Perot (F-P) oscillation and resonance energy transfer, we observed an ultralow-threshold (∼250 μWcm-2) optically pumped random laser from moisture-insensitive mixed dimensional quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper phase perovskite microplates. Particularly, we demonstrated an electrically driven multimode laser with a threshold of ∼60 mAcm-2 from quasi-2D RPP by judicious combination of a perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) and an electron transport layer (ETL) having suitable band alignment and thickness. Additionally, we showed the tunability of lasing modes and color by driving an external electric potential. Performing finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, we confirmed the presence of F-P feedback resonance, the light trapping effect at perovskite/ETL, and resonance energy transfer contributing to laser action. Our discovery of an electrically driven laser from MHP opens a useful avenue for developing future optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Bera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meena ML, Kumar K, Saini P, Sethi M, Saini S, Mohapatra A, Som S, Lin RY, Chu CW, Lu CH, Lin SD, Parewa V. Competent production of hydrogen and hydrogenation of carboxylic acids using urea-rich waste water over visible-light-responsive rare earth doped photocatalyst. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
6
|
Chang WH, Hsu SW, Zhang J, Li JM, Yang DC, Chu CW, Yoo EH, Zhang W, Yu SL, Chen CH. MTAP deficiency contributes to immune landscape remodelling and tumour evasion. Immunology 2023; 168:331-345. [PMID: 36183155 PMCID: PMC9840685 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency occurs in various malignancies and is associated with poor survival in cancer patients. However, the mechanisms underlying tumour progression due to MTAP loss are yet to be elucidated. Utilizing integrated analyses of the transcriptome, proteome and secretome, we demonstrated that MTAP deficiency alters tumour-intrinsic, immune-related pathways and reprograms cytokine profiles towards a tumour-favourable environment. Additionally, MTAP-knockout cells exhibited a marked increase in the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1. Upon co-culturing primary T cells with cancer cells, MTAP loss-mediated PD-L1 upregulation inhibited T cell-mediated killing activity and induced several T cell exhaustion markers. In two xenograft tumour models, we showed a modest increase in average volume of tumours derived from MTAP-deficient cells than that of MTAP-proficient tumours. Surprisingly, a remarkable increase in tumour size was observed in humanized mice bearing MTAP-deficient tumours, as compared to their MTAP-expressing counterparts. Following immunophenotypic characterization of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes by mass cytometry analysis, MTAP-deficient tumours were found to display decreased immune infiltrates with lower proportions of both T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and higher proportions of immunosuppressive cells as compared to MTAP-expressing tumour xenografts. Taken together, our results suggest that MTAP deficiency restructures the tumour immune microenvironment, promoting tumour progression and immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ssu-Wei Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ji-Min Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David C. Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Estelle H. Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jadhav TS, Abbas SA, Chu KT, Wu WT, Hsu YY, Lee GH, Chien SY, Chu CW, Chiang MH. Surficial grafting of organoimido moieties enhances the capacity performance of oxometallic clusters. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14875-14881. [PMID: 36017779 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) with a theoretical specific capacity of 1117 mA h g-1 is widely considered a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, the irreversible conversion reactions, low electrical conductivity, and detrimental volume expansion upon Li intercalation between the one-dimensional layered structures of MoO3 hinder its practical implementation. Herein, we report a facile synthetic protocol that allows surficial modification by replacing the terminal and bridging oxo groups of molybdenum oxide clusters. Successful organoimido functionalization resulted in a large cathodic shift in Mo(VI/V) reduction by 0.6 V, pronounced electronic communication between the organic moiety and the metal-oxide unit, and significant increase in electrical conductivity (80-100 Ω interfacial charge-transfer resistance). Combined with the enlarged active surface area due to the structural hindrance induced by the organic functionality, the steady specific capacity of the organoimido-modified molybdenum oxide clusters was greater than 1200 mA h g-1 at 900 mA g-1 at the end of 360 cycles, where the best value of 1653 mA h g-1 was achieved for the nitroaniline-substituted species. The steady capacity of 480 mA h g-1 was achieved in the fast charge-discharge process (3000 mA g-1) over 1400 cycles. The results indicate that the surficial modification of metal oxides with organo moieties using our facile synthetic method has broad application potential for metal oxides to be used as high-capacity electrode materials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Sanjay Jadhav
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. .,Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Syed Ali Abbas
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ti Chu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ti Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Yi Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumental Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumental Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan. .,Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang DC, Zhang J, Li JM, Chu CW, Hsu SW, Chen CH. Tobacco smoke activated fibrogenic MARCKS/AXL complex promotes macrophage reprogramming and pulmonary fibrosis. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.48.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Macrophages and tobacco smoke (TS) exposure have been demonstrated to play significant roles in modulating pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the mechanisms of how TS exposure modulates pro-fibrotic macrophage polarization and drives lung fibrosis is unclear. In our study, we investigated how TS modulates macrophage polarization and the functional consequences of this polarization. Multicolor flow cytometric data indicated that markers of M2 macrophage polarization were elevated in both human and mouse macrophage cells and tissues upon TS exposure. In addition, multiple primary lung fibroblast cells demonstrated elevated pro-fibrotic markers and aggressive phenotypes upon interacting with TS-exposed macrophage cells in a co-culture system. Elucidation of the signaling pathways activated by TS exposure through a receptor tyrosine kinase array screen revealed AXL receptor as a novel smoke-responsive molecule in macrophage cells. We noted elevated secretion of AXL ligand, Gas6, and AXL activity in TS exposed cells and tissues. Prior work had demonstrated an interaction between MARCKS, a smoke-responsive protein, and AXL in promoting a pro-fibrotic phenotype in lung fibroblasts. Similarly, we observed AXL activity positively correlated with MARCKS phosphorylation in macrophage cells. Pharmacologic and genetic targeting of the MARCKS/AXL signaling complex reduced M2 markers and profibrotic cytokine production in macrophages and reduced fibrotic changes in the co-culture model and in an animal model of smoke-mediated lung fibrosis. In all, our work suggests that the MARCKS/AXL fibrogenic complex is a potential target in attenuating macrophage activity in TS-mediated fibrosis.
Supported by grants from NIH/NHLBI (R01HL146802), DOD DCMRP/PRMRP (PR202411), and UCOP TRDRP (28IR-0061 and T31DT1849).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Zhang
- 1Internal Medicine, Univ. of California, Davis
| | - Ji-Min Li
- 1Internal Medicine, Univ. of California, Davis
| | | | - Ssu-Wei Hsu
- 1Internal Medicine, Univ. of California, Davis
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Venugopal B, Syum Z, Yu SY, sabbah A, Shown I, Chu CW, Chen LC, Lee CH, Wu HL, Chen KH. Enhancing the Areal Capacity and Stability of Cu 2ZnSnS 4 Anode Materials by Carbon Coating: Mechanistic and Structural Studies During Lithiation and Delithiation. ACS Omega 2022; 7:9152-9163. [PMID: 35356688 PMCID: PMC8943806 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of energy storage technologies has created a high demand for the development of novel anode materials in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with high areal capacity and faster electron-transfer kinetics. In this work, carbon-coated Cu2ZnSnS4 with a hierarchical 3D structure (CZTS@C) is used as an anode material for LIBs. The CZTS@C microstructures with enhanced electrical conductivity and improved Li-ion diffusivity exhibit high areal and gravimetric capacities of 2.45 mA h/cm2 and 1366 mA h/g, respectively. The areal capacity achieved in the present study is higher than that of previously reported CZTS-based materials. Moreover, in situ X-ray diffraction results show that lithium ions are stored in CZTS through the insertion reaction, followed by the alloying and conversion reactions at ∼1 V. The structural evolution of Li2S and Cu-Sn/Cu-Zn alloy phases occurs during the conversion and alloying reactions. The present work provides a cost-effective and simple method to prepare bulk CZTS and highlights the conformal carbon coating over CZTS, which can enhance the electrical and ionic conductivities of CZTS materials and increase the mass loading (1-2.3 mg/cm2). The improved stability and rate capability of CZTS@C anode materials can therefore be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boya Venugopal
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Nanoscience
and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Zeru Syum
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Yu
- Center
for Condensed Matter Sciences, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Amr sabbah
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Indrajit Shown
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology
and Science, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research
Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chyong Chen
- Center
for Condensed Matter Sciences, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of
Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Wu
- Center
for Condensed Matter Sciences, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of
Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hsien Chen
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center
for Condensed Matter Sciences, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu CK, Wu KH, Lu YA, Hsiao LY, Lai KW, Chu CW, Ho KC. Introducing Postmetalation Metal-Organic Framework to Control Perovskite Crystal Growth for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:60125-60134. [PMID: 34879195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel lead-containing metal-organic framework (Pb-MOF) is synthesized through postmetalation of MOF-525. Postmetalation renders lead ions bound with the organic linker of MOF-525, which can serve as nucleation points to promote perovskite crystallization. The introduction of lead postmetalated MOF-525 (Pb-MOF) as a scaffold layer between compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) layer and perovskite layer promotes perovskite crystal growth in enlarging crystal grain size with better crystallinity, hence decreasing defect sites in the perovskite layer. Postmetalation of MOF-525 with lead ions allows MAPbI3 to form a solid crystal structure to facilitate the charge separation between electron transport layer (ETL) and light-harvesting layer so as to resolve the issue of possible vacancies present in MOFs. As a result, the champion perovskite solar cell (PSC) with the introduction of Pb-MOF exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.87% and better stability (86% PCE retention after 40 days), outperforming the pristine PSC (16.85% PCE, with 52% retention after 40 days) and MOF-525-introduced PSC (18.61% PCE, with 76% retention after 40 days).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Kwen Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hung Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-An Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yin Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Lai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chu CW, Stares DL, Schalley CA. Light-controlled interconversion between a [ c2]daisy chain and a lasso-type pseudo[1]rotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12317-12320. [PMID: 34734947 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A light-responsive self-complementary crown ether/ammonium conjugate bearing an arylazopyrazole photoswitch as a spacer can be switched between a [c2]daisy chain (E-isomer) and a lasso-type pseudo[1]rotaxane (Z-isomer) by light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Daniel L Stares
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaisar N, Paul T, Chi PW, Su YH, Singh A, Chu CW, Wu MK, Wu PM. Electrochemical Performance of Orthorhombic CsPbI 3 Perovskite in Li-Ion Batteries. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14195718. [PMID: 34640106 PMCID: PMC8510073 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A facile solution process was employed to prepare CsPbI3 as an anode material for Li-ion batteries. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray data confirms the orthorhombic phase of CsPbI3 at room temperature. As obtained from bond valence calculations, strained bonds between Pb and I are identified within PbI6 octahedral units. Morphological study shows that the as-prepared δ-CsPbI3 forms a nanorod-like structure. The XPS analysis confirm the presence of Cs (3d, 4d), Pb (4d, 4f, 5d) and I (3p, 3d, 4d). The lithiation process involves both intercalation and conversion reactions, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and first-principles calculations. Impedance spectroscopy coupled with the distribution function of relaxation times identifies charge transfer processes due to Li metal foil and anode/electrolyte interfaces. An initial discharge capacity of 151 mAhg−1 is found to continuously increase to reach a maximum of ~275 mAhg−1 at 65 cycles, while it drops to ~240 mAhg−1 at 75 cycles and then slowly decreases to 235 mAhg−1 at 100 cycles. Considering the performance and structural integrity during electrochemical performance, δ-CsPbI3 is a promising material for future Li-ion battery (LIB) application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Kaisar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (N.K.); (T.P.); (P.-W.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (M.-K.W.)
| | - Tanmoy Paul
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (N.K.); (T.P.); (P.-W.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (M.-K.W.)
| | - Po-Wei Chi
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (N.K.); (T.P.); (P.-W.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (M.-K.W.)
| | - Yu-Hsun Su
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (N.K.); (T.P.); (P.-W.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (M.-K.W.)
| | - Anupriya Singh
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (A.S.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (A.S.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Maw-Kuen Wu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (N.K.); (T.P.); (P.-W.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (M.-K.W.)
| | - Phillip M. Wu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shrestha K, Miertschin D, Sankar R, Lorenz B, Chu CW. Large magnetoresistance and quantum oscillations in Sn 0.05Pb 0.95Te. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:335501. [PMID: 34062517 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac06ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized high-quality single crystals of SnxPb1-xTe and carried out detailed studies of the magnetotransport properties of one of the samples, Sn0.05Pb0.95Te. Longitudinal magnetoresistance increases almost linearly with increasing applied field (H) and reaches ∼310% atH= 13 T. At higher fields, both longitudinal and Hall resistance show clear Shubnikov de Haas oscillations. The oscillations are smooth and periodic, and there exists only one frequency,fα∼ 57 T. However, an additional frequency,fβ∼ 69 T, appears as the angle between the field direction and the normal to the sample surface (θ) is increased. Bothfαandfβexhibitθ-dependence;fαdecreases whereasfβincreases gradually with increasingθ. The presence of two frequencies in Sn0.05Pb0.95Te indicates that there exist two Fermi surface pockets (αandβpockets). We have constructed the Landau-level fan plot and determined the Berry phase (δ) for theαpocket to beδ∼ 0.1. Thisδvalue is very close to the expected value of 0 for a topologically trivial system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, West Texas A&M University, 2501 4th Ave, Canyon, TX 79016, United States of America
| | - D Miertschin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, West Texas A&M University, 2501 4th Ave, Canyon, TX 79016, United States of America
| | - R Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - B Lorenz
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, 3369 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-5002, United States of America
| | - C W Chu
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, 3369 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-5002, United States of America
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng HW, Mohapatra A, Chang YM, Liao CY, Hsiao YT, Chen CH, Lin YC, Huang SY, Chang B, Yang Y, Chu CW, Wei KH. High-Performance Organic Solar Cells Featuring Double Bulk Heterojunction Structures with Vertical-Gradient Selenium Heterocyclic Nonfullerene Acceptor Concentrations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:27227-27236. [PMID: 34096256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared organic photovoltaics (OPVs) featuring an active layer comprising double bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures, featuring binary blends of a polymer donor and concentration gradients of two small-molecule acceptors. After forming the first BHJ structure by spin-coating, the second BHJ layer was transfer-printed onto the first using polydimethylsiloxane stamps. A specially designed selenium heterocyclic small-molecule acceptor (Y6-Se-4Cl) was employed as the second acceptor in the BHJ. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the two acceptors formed a gradient concentration profile across the active layer, thereby facilitating charge transportation. The best power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for the double-BHJ-structured devices incorporating PM6:Y6-Se-4Cl/PM6:Y6 and PM6:Y6-Se-4Cl/PM6:IT-4Cl were 16.4 and 15.8%, respectively; these values were higher than those of devices having one-BHJ structures based on PM6:Y6-Se-4Cl (15.0%), PM6:Y6 (15.4%), and PM6:IT-4Cl (11.6%), presumably because of the favorable vertical concentration gradient of the selenium-containing small-molecule Y6-Se-4Cl in the active layer as well as some complementary light absorption. Thus, combining two BHJ structures with a concentration gradient of the two small-molecule acceptors can be an effective approach for enhancing the PCEs of OPVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
| | - Anisha Mohapatra
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chang
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, 2F, No. 60, Park Avenue 2, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Yi Liao
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, 2F, No. 60, Park Avenue 2, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Hsiao
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, 2F, No. 60, Park Avenue 2, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
| | - Bin Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 3001, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu H, Qin M, Fong PWK, Ren Z, Wan X, Singh M, Su CJ, Jeng US, Li L, Zhu J, Yuan M, Lu X, Chu CW, Li G. Perovskite Quantum Wells Formation Mechanism for Stable Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics-A Real-Time Phase-Transition Study. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2006238. [PMID: 33373068 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a bulk 3D perovskite layer and a reduced dimensional perovskite layer (perovskite quantum wells (PQWs)) is demonstrated to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) significantly in terms of stability and efficiency. This perovskite hierarchy has attracted intensive research interest; however, the in-depth formation mechanism of perovskite quantum wells on top of a 3D perovskite layer is not clearly understood and is therefore the focus of this study. Along with ex situ morphology and photophysical characterization, the time-resolved grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (TS-GIWAXS) technique performed in this study provides real-time insights on the phase-transition during the organic cation (HTAB ligand molecule) coating and PQWs/3D architecture formation process. A strikingly strong ionic reaction between the 3D perovskite and the long-chain organic cation leads to the quick formation of an ordered intermediate phase within only a few seconds. The optimal PQWs/3D architecture is achieved by controlling the HTAB casting, which is assisted by time-of-flight SIMS characterization. By controlling the second ionic reaction during the long-chain cation coating process, along with the fluorinated poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) as a hole-transport layer, the perovskite solar cells demonstrate efficiencies exceeding 22% along with drastically improved device stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Hu
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minchao Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999 077, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick W K Fong
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuejuan Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mriganka Singh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30 076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30 076, Taiwan
| | - Liang Li
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999 077, Hong Kong
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hanmandlu C, Singh A, Boopathi KM, Lai CS, Chu CW. Layered perovskite materials: key solutions for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Rep Prog Phys 2020; 83:086502. [PMID: 32575080 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab9f88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites having three-dimensional crystal structures are being applied successfully in various optoelectronic applications. To address their most challenging issues-instability and toxicity-without losing efficiency, lower-dimensional perovskites appear to be promising alternatives. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite solar cells have been developed exhibiting excellent photostability and moisture-stability, together with moderate device efficiency. This review summarizes the photophysical properties and operating mechanisms of 2D perovskites as well as recent advances in their applications in solar cell devices. Also presented is an agenda for the next-stage development of stable perovskite materials for solar cell applications, highlighting the issues of stability and toxicity that require further study to ensure commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Hanmandlu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Anupriya Singh
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Green Technology Research Center, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, New Taipei City 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Singh A, Najman S, Mohapatra A, Lu YJ, Hanmandlu C, Pao CW, Chen YF, Lai CS, Chu CW. Modulating Performance and Stability of Inorganic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells via Lewis-Pair Mediation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:32649-32657. [PMID: 32568520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fully inorganic perovskites based on Bi3+ and Sb3+ are emerging as alternatives that overcome the toxicity and low stability of their Pb-based perovskite counterparts. Nevertheless, the thin film fabrication of Pb-free perovskites remains a struggle, with poor morphologies and incomplete conversions greatly inhibiting device performance. In this study, we modulated the crystallization of an all-inorganic dimer phase of a Sb perovskite (d-Cs3Sb2I9) through gradual increase in the annealing temperature, accompanied by the use of Lewis bases for adduct formation. Here, the role of Lewis pairing in the crystallization of the resulting Pb-free Cs3Sb2I9 thin films has been investigated. Both, "S-donor" (thiourea) and "O-donor" [N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)] Lewis bases are examined for their abilities to form adducts with Cs+ and Sb3+ cations. Furthermore, density functional theory has been used to estimate the binding energies of these Lewis bases with the Cs3Sb2I9 lattice. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed the nature of the band gap of d-Cs3Sb2I9. The efficiency of the resulting perovskite solar cells was enhanced to 1.8%, with excellent stability observed, when using NMP to form the adduct film. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best solar cell efficiency for the dimer phase of the inorganic Sb-based perovskite. The effects of both S- and O-donors are studied under various environmental stresses to reveal the stability responses of the devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Singh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Svetozar Najman
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Anisha Mohapatra
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chintam Hanmandlu
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 320-338, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Wei Pao
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao Sung Lai
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 320-338, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 320-338, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh A, Chen HC, Chen YF, Lu YJ, Wong KT, Chu CW. Core-Twisted Tetrachloroperylenediimides: Low-Cost and Efficient Non-Fullerene Organic Electron-Transporting Materials for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:3686-3695. [PMID: 32314499 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, core-twisted tetrachloroperylenediimides (ClPDIs) were introduced as new efficient electron-transporting materials (ETMs) to replace the commonly used fullerene acceptor PC61 BM in inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). ClPDI showed a low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of -3.95 eV, which was compatible with the conduction band of CH3 NH3 PbI3-x Clx (-3.90 eV). In addition, the role of the length of the alkyl side chain at the imide position of ClPDI in modulating the molecular solubility, aggregation capacity for charge-transport properties, surface hydrophobicity, and PSC performance was investigated. The device based on ClPDI-C4 (ClPDI with n-butyl side chains) as ETM achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3 % under standard AM 1.5G illumination, which iwas very competitive with that of the reference device employing PC61 BM/C60 (PCE=17.2 %) as ETM. Moreover, the devices with ClPDIs as ETMs exhibited better device stability than that with PC61 BM/C60 . This work highlights the great potential of ClPDI derivatives as low-cost (≈2.0 USD g-1 ) and effective ETMs to obtain efficient solution-processed inverted PSCs. This class of ClPDI derivatives is expected further promote the performance and stability of PSCs after extended investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Singh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National (Taiwan) University, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National (Taiwan) University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Budiawan W, Lai KW, Karuppuswamy P, Jadhav TS, Lu YA, Ho KC, Wang PC, Chang CC, Chu CW. Asymmetric Benzotrithiophene-Based Hole Transporting Materials Provide High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020:acsami.0c02204. [PMID: 32567856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a series of small-molecule benzotrithiophenes (BTTs) and used them as hole transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The asymmetric benzo[2,1-b:-3,4-b':5,6-b″]trithiophene unit was used as the central core to which were appended various donor groups, namely, carbazole (BTT-CB), thieno thiophene (BTT-FT), triphenylamine (BTT-TPA), and bithiophene (BTT-TT). The extended aromatic core in the asymmetric BTT provided full planarity, thereby favoring intermolecular π-stacking and charge transport. The physical, optical, and electrical properties of these small-molecule HTMs are reported herein. BTT-TT displayed good crystallinity and superior hole mobility, when compared with those of the other three HTMs, and formed smooth and uniform surfaces when covering the perovskite active layer. Accordingly, among the devices prepared in this study, a PSC incorporating BTT-TT as the HTM achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (18.58%). Moreover, this BTT-TT-containing device exhibited good stability after storage for more than 700 h. Thus, asymmetric BTTs are promising candidate materials for use as small-molecule HTMs in PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Widhya Budiawan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Nanoscience and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Tsing-Hua University, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Wen Lai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | - Tushar Sanjay Jadhav
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-An Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Chuan Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pen-Cheng Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Chang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, R.O.C
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh A, Chiu NC, Boopathi KM, Lu YJ, Mohapatra A, Li G, Chen YF, Guo TF, Chu CW. Lead-Free Antimony-Based Light-Emitting Diodes through the Vapor-Anion-Exchange Method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:35088-35094. [PMID: 31462035 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lead halide perovskites continue to attract interest for use in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Although challenging, the replacement of toxic lead in these systems is an active field of research. Recently, the use of trivalent metal cations (Bi3+ and Sb3+) that form defect perovskites A3B2X9 has received great attention for the development of solar cells, but their light-emissive properties have not previously been studied. Herein, an all-inorganic antimony-based two-dimensional perovskite, Cs3Sb2I9, was synthesized using the solution process. Vapor-anion-exchange method was employed to change the structural composition from Cs3Sb2I9 to Cs3Sb2Br9 or Cs3Sb2Cl9 by treating CsI/SbI3 spin-coated films with SbBr3 or SbCl3, respectively. This novel method facilitates the fabrication of Cs3Sb2Br9 or Cs3Sb2Cl9 through solution processing without the need of using poorly soluble precursors (e.g., CsCl and CsBr). We go on to demonstrate electroluminescence from a device employing Cs3Sb2I9 emitter sandwiched between ITO/PEDOT:PSS and TPBi/LiF/Al as the hole and electron injection electrodes, respectively. A visible-infrared radiance of 0.012 W·Sr-1·m-2 was measured at 6 V when Cs3Sb2I9 was the active emitter layer. These proof-of-principle devices suggest a viable path toward low-dimensional, lead-free A3B2X9 perovskite optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Singh
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan ROC
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program , Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University , Taipei 115 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Nan-Chieh Chiu
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan ROC
- Department of Photonics , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 , Taiwan , ROC
| | | | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan ROC
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Anisha Mohapatra
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan ROC
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan , ROC
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program , Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University , Taipei 115 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Tzung-Fang Guo
- Department of Photonics , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan ROC
- College of Engineering , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City 333 , Taiwan ROC
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan , ROC
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huyan S, Deng LZ, Wu Z, Zhao K, Sun JY, Wu LJ, Zhao YY, Yuan HM, Gooch M, Lv B, Zhu Y, Chen S, Chu CW. Low-temperature microstructural studies on superconducting CaFe 2As 2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6393. [PMID: 31015499 PMCID: PMC6478709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Undoped CaFe2As2 (Ca122) can be stabilized in two slightly different non-superconducting tetragonal phases, PI and PII, through thermal treatments. Upon proper annealing, superconductivity with a Tc up to 25 K emerges in the samples with an admixture of PI and PII phases. Systematic low-temperature X-ray diffraction studies were conducted on undoped Ca122 samples annealed at 350 °C over different time periods. In addition to the diffraction peaks associated with the single-phase aggregation of PI and PII, a broad intermediate peak that shifts with annealing time was observed in the superconducting samples only. Our simulation of phase distribution suggests that the extra peak is associated with the admixture of PI and PII on the nanometer scale. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms the existence of these nano-scale phase admixtures in the superconducting samples. These experimental results and simulation analyses lend further support for our conclusion that interfacial inducement is the most reasonable explanation for the emergence of superconductivity in undoped Ca122 single crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Huyan
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA.
| | - L Z Deng
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA
| | - K Zhao
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA
| | - J Y Sun
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA
| | - L J Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Y Y Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - H M Yuan
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA
| | - M Gooch
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA
| | - B Lv
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Y Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - S Chen
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA
| | - C W Chu
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5005, USA. .,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen YT, Abbas SA, Kaisar N, Wu SH, Chen HA, Boopathi KM, Singh M, Fang J, Pao CW, Chu CW. Mitigating Metal Dendrite Formation in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries via Morphology-Tunable Graphene Oxide Interfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:2060-2070. [PMID: 30582792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite issues related to dendrite formation, research on Li metal anodes has resurged because of their high energy density. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) layers are decorated onto Li metal anodes through a simple process of drop-casting and spray-coating. The self-assembly of GO is exploited to synthesize coatings having compact, mesoporous, and macroporous morphologies. The abilities of the GO coatings to suppress dendrite formation are compared through Li|Li symmetrical cell charging at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 for 2000 cycles-a particularly abusive test. The macroporous structure possesses the lowest impedance, whereas the compact structure excels in terms of stability. Moreover, GO exhibits a low nucleation overpotential and is transformed into reduced GO with enhanced conductivity during the operation of the cells; both factors synergistically mitigate the issue of dendrite formation. Li-S batteries incorporating the GO-decorated Li anodes exhibit an initial capacity of 850 mA h g-1 and maintain their stability for 800 cycles at a C-rate of 1 C (1675 mA h g-1), suggesting the applicability of GO in future rechargeable batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chen
- Research Center of Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Syed Ali Abbas
- Research Center of Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Nahid Kaisar
- Research Center of Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Sheng Hui Wu
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories , Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040 , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chen
- Research Center of Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | | | - Mriganka Singh
- Research Center of Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jason Fang
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories , Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 31040 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Pao
- Research Center of Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center of Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
- College of Engineering , Chang Gung University , Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302 , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin YS, Abate SY, Lai KW, Chu CW, Lin YD, Tao YT, Sun SS. New Helicene-Type Hole-Transporting Molecules for High-Performance and Durable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:41439-41449. [PMID: 30406998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three azahelicene derivatives with electron-rich bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino or bis( p-methoxyphenyl)aminophenyl groups at the terminals were deliberately designed, synthesized, and characterized as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Optical and thermal properties, energy level alignments, film morphologies, hole extraction ability, and hole mobility were studied in detail. PSCs using the newly synthesized molecules as HTMs were fabricated. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.34% was observed for the bis( p-methoxyphenyl)amino-substituted derivative (SY1) and 16.10% for the bis( p-methoxyphenyl)aminophenyl-substituted derivative (SY2). Longer-chain substituent such as hexyloxy group greatly diminishes the efficiency. In addition, the dopant-free devices fabricated with SY1 as the HTM shows an average PCE of 12.13%, which is significantly higher than that of spiro-OMeTAD (7.61%). The ambient long-term stability test revealed that after 500 h, the devices prepared from SY1 and SY2 retained more than 96% of its initial performance, which is much improved than the reference device with standard spiro-OMeTAD as the HTM under the same conditions. Detailed material cost analysis reveals that the material cost for SY1 is less than 8% of that for spiro-OMeTAD. These results provide a useful direction for designing a new class of HTMs to prepare highly efficient and more durable PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seid Yimer Abate
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao-Tung University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Wen Lai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Nankang, Taipei 11529 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Nankang, Taipei 11529 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Yan-Duo Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiayi University , Chiayi 600 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hanmandlu C, Liu CC, Chen CY, Boopathi KM, Wu SH, Singh M, Mohapatra A, Lin HW, Chang YC, Chang YC, Lai CS, Chu CW. Top Illuminated Hysteresis-Free Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Microcavity Structures on Metal Electrodes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:17973-17984. [PMID: 29737157 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Further technological development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) will require improvements in power conversion efficiency and stability, while maintaining low material costs and simple fabrication. In this Research Article, we describe top-illuminated ITO-free, stable PSCs featuring microcavity structures, wherein metal layers on both sides on the active layers exerted light interference effects in the active layer, potentially increasing the light path length inside the active layer. The optical constants (refractive index and extinction coefficient) of each layer in the PSC devices were measured, while the optical field intensity distribution was simulated using the transfer matrix method. The photocurrent densities of perovskite layers of various thicknesses were also simulated; these results mimic our experimental values exceptionally well. To modify the cavity electrode surface, we deposited a few nanometers of ultrathin MoO3 (2, 4, and 6 nm) in between the Ag and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layers provide hydrophobicity to the Ag surface and elevate the work function of Ag to match that of the hole transport layer. We achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.54% without hysteresis in the device containing a 4 nm-thick layer of MoO3. In addition, we fabricated these devices on various cavity electrodes (Al, Ag, Au, Cu); those prepared using Cu and Au anodes displayed improved device stability of up to 72 days. Furthermore, we prepared flexible PSCs having a PCE of 12.81% after incorporating the microcavity structures onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) as the substrate. These flexible solar cells displayed excellent stability against bending deformation, maintaining greater than 94% stability after 1000 bending cycles and greater than 85% after 2500 bending cycles performed with a bending radius of 5 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Hanmandlu
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering , Chang Gung University , Wenhua first Road , Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chi-Ching Liu
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Karunakara Moorthy Boopathi
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shang-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Mriganka Singh
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Anisha Mohapatra
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yia-Chung Chang
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yun-Chorng Chang
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering , Chang Gung University , Wenhua first Road , Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Nephrology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou, New Taipei City 33305 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Materials Engineering , Ming Chi University of Technology , 84 Gungjuan Road , Taishan, New Taipei City , 24301 , Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science , Academia Sinica 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Nangang Taipei 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- College of Engineering , Chang Gung University , No. 259, Wenhua first Road , Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302 , Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ehrmann S, Chu CW, Kumari S, Silberreis K, Böttcher C, Dernedde J, Ravoo BJ, Haag R. A toolbox approach for multivalent presentation of ligand-receptor recognition on a supramolecular scaffold. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4216-4222. [PMID: 32254595 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00922h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular toolbox approach for multivalent ligand-receptor recognition was established based on β-cyclodextrin vesicles (CDVs). A series of bifunctional ligands for CDVs was synthesised. These ligands comprise on one side adamantane, enabling the functionalisation of CDVs with these ligands, and either mannose or sulphate group moieties on the other side for biological receptor recognition. The physicochemical properties of the host-guest complexes formed by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and adamantane were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Ligand-lectin interactions were investigated by surface plasmon resonance experiments (SPR) for the mannose ligands and the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA). Microscale thermophoresis (MST) measurements were applied for sulphate-dependent binding to L-selectin. In both cases, a multivalent affinity enhancement became apparent when the ligands were presented on the CDV scaffold. Furthermore, not only the clustering between our supramolecular mannosylated complex and Escherichia coli (E. coli), expressing the lectin FimH, was visualised by cryo-TEM, but also the competitive character to detach bound E. coli from a cell line, representing the uroepithelial cell surface, was demonstrated. In summary, a facile and effective supramolecular toolbox was established for various ligand-receptor recognition applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ehrmann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rullyani C, Sung CF, Lin HC, Chu CW. Flexible Organic Thin Film Transistors Incorporating a Biodegradable CO 2-Based Polymer as the Substrate and Dielectric Material. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8146. [PMID: 29802298 PMCID: PMC5970150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Employing CO2-based polymer in electronic applications should boost the consumption of CO2 feedstocks and provide the potential for non-permanent CO2 storage. In this study, polypropylene carbonate (PPC) is utilized as a dielectric and substrate material for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and organic inverter. The PPC dielectric film exhibits a surface energy of 47 mN m−1, a dielectric constant of 3, a leakage current density of less than 10−6 A cm−2, and excellent compatibility with pentacene and PTCDI-C8 organic semiconductors. Bottom-gate top-contact OTFTs are fabricated using PPC as a dielectric; they exhibits good electrical performance at an operating voltage of 60 V, with electron and hole mobilities of 0.14 and 0.026 cm2 V−1 s−1, and on-to-off ratios of 105 and 103, respectively. The fabricated p- and n-type transistors were connected to form a complementary inverter that operated at supply voltages of 20 V with high and low noise margins of 85 and 69%, respectively. The suitability of PPC as a substrate is demonstrated through the preparation of PPC sheets by casting method. The fabricated PPC sheets has a transparency of 92% and acceptable mechanical properties, yet they biodegraded rapidly through enzymatic degradation when using the lipase from Rhizhopus oryzae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cut Rullyani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chao-Feng Sung
- Department of Photonics and Display Institute, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan (ROC).
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan (ROC). .,College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan (ROC).
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin HT, Chang CY, Cheng PJ, Li MY, Cheng CC, Chang SW, Li LLJ, Chu CW, Wei PK, Shih MH. Circular Dichroism Control of Tungsten Diselenide (WSe 2) Atomic Layers with Plasmonic Metamolecules. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15996-16004. [PMID: 29658267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling circularly polarized (CP) states of light is critical to the development of functional devices for key and emerging applications such as display technology and quantum communication, and the compact circular polarization-tunable photon source is one critical element to realize the applications in the chip-scale integrated system. The atomic layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) exhibit intrinsic CP emissions and are potential chiroptical materials for ultrathin CP photon sources. In this work, we demonstrated CP photon sources of TMDCs with device thicknesses approximately 50 nm. CP photoluminescence from the atomic layers of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) was precisely controlled with chiral metamolecules (MMs), and the optical chirality of WSe2 was enhanced more than 4 times by integrating with the MMs. Both the enhanced and reversed circular dichroisms had been achieved. Through integrations of the novel gain material and plasmonic structure which are both low-dimensional, a compact device capable of efficiently manipulating emissions of CP photon was realized. These ultrathin devices are suitable for important applications such as the optical information technology and chip-scale biosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ting Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS) , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering , National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS) , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Pi-Ju Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS) , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Li
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS) , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chia-Chin Cheng
- Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS) , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering , National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Lance L J Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS) , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS) , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Shih
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS) , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering , National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Department of Photonics , National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU) , Kaohsiung 80424 , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin MY, Wu SH, Hsiao LJ, Budiawan W, Chen SL, Tu WC, Lee CY, Chang YC, Chu CW. Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29757268 DOI: 10.3791/56149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes how to design and fabricate efficient inverted solar cells, which are based on a two-dimensional conjugated small molecule (SMPV1) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), by utilizing ZnO nanorods (NRs) grown on a high quality Al-doped ZnO (AZO) seed layer. The inverted SMPV1:PC71BM solar cells with ZnO NRs that grew on both a sputtered and sol-gel processed AZO seed layer are fabricated. Compared with the AZO thin film prepared by the sol-gel method, the sputtered AZO thin film exhibits better crystallization and lower surface roughness, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements. The orientation of the ZnO NRs grown on a sputtered AZO seed layer shows better vertical alignment, which is beneficial for the deposition of the subsequent active layer, forming better surface morphologies. Generally, the surface morphology of the active layer mainly dominates the fill factor (FF) of the devices. Consequently, the well-aligned ZnO NRs can be used to improve the carrier collection of the active layer and to increase the FF of the solar cells. Moreover, as an anti-reflection structure, it can also be utilized to enhance the light harvesting of the absorption layer, with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells reaching 6.01%, higher than the sol-gel based solar cells with an efficiency of 4.74%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University
| | | | - Li-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University
| | | | - Shih-Lun Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University
| | - Wei-Chen Tu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University
| | - Chia-Yen Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University
| | | | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center of Applied Science, Academia Sinica;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Karuppuswamy P, Chen HC, Wang PC, Hsu CP, Wong KT, Chu CW. The 3 D Structure of Twisted Benzo[ghi]perylene-Triimide Dimer as a Non-Fullerene Acceptor for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:415-423. [PMID: 29131542 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we introduced benzo[ghi]perylenetriimide (BPTI) derivatives including monomer and twisted dimer (t-BPTI) as an alternative electron-transport layer (ETL) material to replace the commonly used PC61 BM in inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, the double ETL was applied in our PSCs with structure of glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/BPTI/C60 or PDI-C4/BCP/Al. The use of a double ETL structure can effectively eliminate the leakage current. The devices with the t-BPTI/C60 double ETL yield an average power conversion efficiency of 10.73 % and a maximum efficiency of 11.63 %. The device based on the complete non-fullerene electron acceptors of t-BPTI/PDI-C4 as double ETL achieved maximum efficiency of 10.0 %. Moreover, it was found that the utilization of alloy t-BPTI+BPTI as ETL can effectively reduce the hysteresis effect of PSCs. The results suggest that BPTI-based electron-transport materials are potential alternatives for widely used fullerene acceptors in PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharsini Karuppuswamy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Cheng Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hanmandlu C, Chen CY, Boopathi KM, Lin HW, Lai CS, Chu CW. Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells Featuring Semitransparent Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:32635-32642. [PMID: 28816434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising devices for providing future clean energy because of their low cost, ease of fabrication, and high efficiencies, similar to those of silicon solar cells. These materials have been investigated for their potential use in bifacial PSCs, which can absorb light from both sides of the electrodes. Here, we fabricated bifacial PSCs featuring transparent BCP/Ag/MoO3 rear electrodes, which we formed through low-temperature processing using thermal evaporation methods. We employed a comprehensive optical distribution program to calculate the distributions of the optical field intensities with constant thicknesses of the absorbing layer in the top electrode configuration. The best PSC having a transparent BCP/Ag/MoO3 electrode achieved PCEs of 13.49% and 9.61% when illuminated from the sides of the indium tin oxide and BCP/Ag/MoO3 electrodes, respectively. We observed significant power enhancement when operating this PSC using mirror reflectors and bifacial light illumination from both sides of the electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Hanmandlu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica , 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Karunakara Moorthy Boopathi
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica , 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , New Taipei City 33305, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , 84 Gungjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica , 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ryu JH, Lee TB, Park YM, Yang KH, Chu CW, Lee JH, Choi BH. Pancreas Transplantation After Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:225-228. [PMID: 28104144 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to describe the clinical indications, surgical technique, and clinical outcomes of a pancreas transplantation, performed 4 years after liver transplantation, as treatment for new-onset, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in a 53-year-old man. Liver transplantation was performed for end-stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient had no history of diabetes prior to the liver transplantation. The decision to proceed with a pancreas transplantation was made when the patient's blood sugar levels could not be normalized despite insulin doses >100 IU/d. A modified cadaveric transplantation technique was used, with the recipient's inferior vena cava dissected for anastomosis with the portal vein of the graft, using a diamond-shaped patch procedure. Moreover, the right common iliac artery was anastomosed with a Y-graft in the pancreas graft, and the duodenum remnant of the graft was anastomosed to the recipient's duodenum using a side-to-side procedure. The 6-month postoperative follow-up included repeated endoscopic biopsy of the graft duodenum, with no evidence of thrombosis or rejection of the graft, with glucose level within normal limits without requirement for diabetic drugs. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pancreas transplantation after liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - T B Lee
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Y M Park
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - K H Yang
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - C W Chu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - B H Choi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cheng CC, Lin WL, Liao ZS, Chu CW, Huang JJ, Huang SY, Fan WL, Lee DJ. Water-soluble fullerene-functionalized polymer micelles for efficient aqueous-processed conductive devices. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel fullerene-based water-soluble conducting micelle has been successfully developed, providing a potential route towards development of aqueous-processed electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Sheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Jie Huang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Shan-You Huang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lu Fan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chu CW, Ravoo BJ. Hierarchical supramolecular hydrogels: self-assembly by peptides and photo-controlled release via host–guest interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12450-12453. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using photoresponsive host–guest chemistry, three different payloads can be photo-released successively from the same peptide hydrogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chu
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster 48149
- Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster 48149
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choi BH, Park YM, Yang KH, Chu CW, Ryu JH. Inferior Vena Cava-Duodenal Drainage in Pancreas Alone Transplantation for Chronic Pancreatitis: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:3217-3221. [PMID: 27932185 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enteric drainage has been the main trend in solitary pancreas transplantation. Compared with bladder drainage, it does not cause metabolic or urologic complications, but there is no way to perform immunologic monitoring, except by graft pancreas biopsy. Additionally, although portal drainage of the graft vein is considered physiological drainage, it has more of a risk for surgical complications. To overcome these disadvantages, we successfully performed inferior vena cava (IVC)-duodenal drainage in pancreas alone transplantation. A 44-year-old man underwent pancreas alone transplantation. He had insulin-dependent diabetes because of chronic pancreatitis, thus he had taken a pancreatic enzyme. After right-sided medial visceral rotation, the IVC was dissected for anastomosis with a graft portal vein. The right common iliac artery was anastomosed with a Y-graft in the pancreas graft. The graft duodenum was anastomosed with recipient duodenum using the side-to-side manner. Postoperatively, he underwent protocol biopsies of the graft duodenum through endoscopy two times. There was no evidence of graft thrombosis or rejection. He had a normal glucose level without any diabetic drugs, and he required no pancreatic enzyme for digestion. The IVC-duodenum drainage procedure was a feasible method for preventing thrombosis and providing an opportunity for direct graft monitoring through endoscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B H Choi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Y M Park
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - K H Yang
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - C W Chu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - J H Ryu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee HY, Yang KH, Choi BH, Park YM, Yoon KT, Ryu JH, Chu CW. Complete Regression of Recurrent Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation in Response to Sorafenib Treatment: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:247-50. [PMID: 26915876 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is a potentially curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation have few treatment options and local treatment may not be feasible. Sorafenib, an orally active multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, significantly improves progression-free and overall survival. However, only a few studies have evaluated the efficacy of sorafenib in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation. Here, we report a case of a patient with recurrent advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after living donor liver transplantation who achieved complete remission in response to sorafenib treatment. The patient has survived for more than 4 years post-transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Lee
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - K H Yang
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - B H Choi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Y M Park
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - K T Yoon
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - J H Ryu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - C W Chu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lin MY, Wu SH, Hsiao LJ, Budiawan W, Boopathi KM, Tu WC, Chang YC, Chu CW. Enhance the light-harvesting capability of the ITO-free inverted small molecule solar cell by ZnO nanorods. Opt Express 2016; 24:17910-17915. [PMID: 27505758 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.017910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ITO-free inverted SMPV1:PC71BM solar cells with an Al doped ZnO (AZO) transparent electrodes are fabricated. The AZO thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique exhibits high transmission (>85%) and low sheet resistance (~30 Ω/sq) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices based on AZO electrode can reach around 4%. To further enhance the light harvesting of the absorption layer of solar cells, ZnO nanorods interlayer is grown on the AZO layer before the deposition the active layer. The absorption spectrums of devices under various conditions are also simulated by RCWA method to identify the optical saturation length of the ZnO nanorods. The PCE of ITO-free inverted small molecule solar cell improved with ZnO nanorods can reach 6.6%.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsu HC, Tan CD, Chang CW, Chu CW, Chiu YC, Pan CJ, Huang HM. Evaluation of nasal patency by visual analogue scale/nasal obstruction symptom evaluation questionnaires and anterior active rhinomanometry after septoplasty: a retrospective one-year follow-up cohort study. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:53-59. [PMID: 27102375 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of septoplasty and the correlation between the subjective evaluations of a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire and active anterior rhinomanometry of the nasal airway after septoplasty. DESIGN A retrospective, individual cohort study. SETTING Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Fifty patients with chronic nasal obstruction were enrolled in the study. All 50 patients underwent septoplasty because of nasal septal deviation. Another 28 patients without nasal symptoms served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES VAS, NOSE and active anterior rhinomanometry were used to measure the sensation of nasal obstruction. All measurements were performed in both groups preoperatively and then repeated on three postoperative visits (3, 6 and 12 months). RESULTS The mean VAS score, NOSE score and the nasal resistance in the narrow side of the nose in the study group showed reduced symptoms at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively compared with the respective preoperative measurements (P < 0.001, all). The VAS and NOSE scores did not significantly correlate with total nasal resistance preoperatively or postoperatively. The VAS and nasal resistance in the obstructed nasal cavity correlated significantly preoperatively (P < 0.05), but not postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The subjective and objective symptoms of nasal obstruction had improved 1 year after septoplasty. A significant correlation between VAS scores and nasal resistance in the narrow side of the nose was found before surgery. The subjective and objective measurements of nasal obstruction lacked significant correlation postoperatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C D Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taiwan National University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C J Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H M Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Han HV, Lu AY, Lu LS, Huang JK, Li H, Hsu CL, Lin YC, Chiu MH, Suenaga K, Chu CW, Kuo HC, Chang WH, Li LJ, Shi Y. Photoluminescence Enhancement and Structure Repairing of Monolayer MoSe2 by Hydrohalic Acid Treatment. ACS Nano 2016; 10:1454-61. [PMID: 26716765 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted much attention recently due to their unique electronic and optical properties for future optoelectronic devices. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is able to generate TMDCs layers with a scalable size and a controllable thickness. However, the TMDC monolayers grown by CVD may incorporate structural defects, and it is fundamentally important to understand the relation between photoluminescence and structural defects. In this report, point defects (Se vacancies) and oxidized Se defects in CVD-grown MoSe2 monolayers are identified by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These defects can significantly trap free charge carriers and localize excitons, leading to the smearing of free band-to-band exciton emission. Here, we report that the simple hydrohalic acid treatment (such as HBr) is able to efficiently suppress the trap-state emission and promote the neutral exciton and trion emission in defective MoSe2 monolayers through the p-doping process, where the overall photoluminescence intensity at room temperature can be enhanced by a factor of 30. We show that HBr treatment is able to activate distinctive trion and free exciton emissions even from highly defective MoSe2 layers. Our results suggest that the HBr treatment not only reduces the n-doping in MoSe2 but also reduces the structural defects. The results provide further insights of the control and tailoring the exciton emission from CVD-grown monolayer TMDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Vei Han
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ang-Yu Lu
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jing-Kai Huang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henan Li
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chang-Lung Hsu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan
| | - Ming-Hui Chiu
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), Ministry of Science and Technology , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chang TH, Kung CW, Chen HW, Huang TY, Kao SY, Lu HC, Lee MH, Boopathi KM, Chu CW, Ho KC. Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Metal-Organic Framework Nanocrystals. Adv Mater 2015; 27:7229-35. [PMID: 26444686 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Zr-based porphyrin metal-organic framework (MOF-525) nanocrystals with a crystal size of about 140 nm are synthesized and incorporated into perovskite solar cells. The morphology and crystallinity of the perovskite thin film are enhanced since the micropores of MOF-525 allow the crystallization of perovskite to occur inside; this observation results in a higher cell efficiency of the obtained MOF/perovskite solar cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Kao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Che Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Farahat ME, Patra D, Lee CH, Chu CW. Synergistic Effects of Morphological Control and Complementary Absorption in Efficient All-Small-Molecule Ternary-Blend Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:22542-22550. [PMID: 26389528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we combined two small-molecule donors-a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small molecule (SMD) and a benzodithiophene-based molecule (BDT6T)-with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) to form ternary blend solar cells. The power conversion efficiency of the binary SMD:PC61BM bulk heterojunction solar cell improved from 4.57 to 6.28% after adding an appropriate amount BDT6T as a guest. We attribute this 37% improvement in device performance to the complementary absorption behavior of BDT6T and SMD, as evidenced by the increase in the short circuit current. After addition of BDT6T to form the ternary blend, the crystallinity and morphology of the active layer were enhanced. For example, the features observed in the ternary active layers were finer than those in the binary blends. This means that BDT6T as a third component in the ternary blend has effective role on both the absorption and the morphology. In addition, adding BDT6T to form the ternary blend also led to an increase in the open-circuit voltage. Our findings suggest that the preparation of such simple all-small-molecule ternary blends can be an effective means of improving the efficiency of photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Farahat
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Nanoscience and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Dhananjaya Patra
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huang TY, Kung CW, Wang JY, Lee MH, Chen LC, Chu CW, Ho KC. Graphene Nanosheets/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanotubes Composite Materials for Electrochemical Biosensing Applications. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
42
|
Li MY, Shi Y, Cheng CC, Lu LS, Lin YC, Tang HL, Tsai ML, Chu CW, Wei KH, He JH, Chang WH, Suenaga K, Li LJ. NANOELECTRONICS. Epitaxial growth of a monolayer WSe2-MoS2 lateral p-n junction with an atomically sharp interface. Science 2015; 349:524-8. [PMID: 26228146 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as molybdenum sulfide MoS2 and tungsten sulfide WSe2 have potential applications in electronics because they exhibit high on-off current ratios and distinctive electro-optical properties. Spatially connected TMDC lateral heterojunctions are key components for constructing monolayer p-n rectifying diodes, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, and bipolar junction transistors. However, such structures are not readily prepared via the layer-stacking techniques, and direct growth favors the thermodynamically preferred TMDC alloys. We report the two-step epitaxial growth of lateral WSe2-MoS2 heterojunction, where the edge of WSe2 induces the epitaxial MoS2 growth despite a large lattice mismatch. The epitaxial growth process offers a controllable method to obtain lateral heterojunction with an atomically sharp interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Li
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chia-Chin Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Li-Syuan Lu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hao-Lin Tang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Meng-Lin Tsai
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yi M, Liu ZK, Zhang Y, Yu R, Zhu JX, Lee JJ, Moore RG, Schmitt FT, Li W, Riggs SC, Chu JH, Lv B, Hu J, Hashimoto M, Mo SK, Hussain Z, Mao ZQ, Chu CW, Fisher IR, Si Q, Shen ZX, Lu DH. Observation of universal strong orbital-dependent correlation effects in iron chalcogenides. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26204461 PMCID: PMC4525196 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the appropriate theoretical framework for unconventional superconductivity in the iron-based materials requires correct understanding of both the electron correlation strength and the role of Fermi surfaces. This fundamental issue becomes especially relevant with the discovery of the iron chalcogenide superconductors. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure three representative iron chalcogenides, FeTe0.56Se0.44, monolayer FeSe grown on SrTiO3 and K0.76Fe1.72Se2. We show that these superconductors are all strongly correlated, with an orbital-selective strong renormalization in the dxy bands despite having drastically different Fermi surface topologies. Furthermore, raising temperature brings all three compounds from a metallic state to a phase where the dxy orbital loses all spectral weight while other orbitals remain itinerant. These observations establish that iron chalcogenides display universal orbital-selective strong correlations that are insensitive to the Fermi surface topology, and are close to an orbital-selective Mott phase, hence placing strong constraints for theoretical understanding of iron-based superconductors. A proper theoretical description for unconventional superconductivity in iron-based compounds remains elusive. Here, the authors, to capture the electron correlation strength and the role of Fermi surfaces, report ARPES measurements of three iron chalcogenide superconductors to establish universal features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yi
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Z-K Liu
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Yu
- 1] Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J-X Zhu
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J J Lee
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F T Schmitt
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S C Riggs
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J-H Chu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Lv
- Department of Physics, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - J Hu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - M Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S-K Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Hussain
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - C W Chu
- Department of Physics, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - I R Fisher
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Q Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Z-X Shen
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D H Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kumar P, Wu FY, Hu LH, Ali Abbas S, Ming J, Lin CN, Fang J, Chu CW, Li LJ. High-performance graphene/sulphur electrodes for flexible Li-ion batteries using the low-temperature spraying method. Nanoscale 2015; 7:8093-8100. [PMID: 25873204 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Elementary sulphur (S) has been shown to be an excellent cathode material in energy storage devices such as Li-S batteries owing to its very high capacity. The major challenges associated with the sulphur cathodes are structural degradation, poor cycling performance and instability of the solid-electrolyte interphase caused by the dissolution of polysulfides during cycling. Tremendous efforts made by others have demonstrated that encapsulation of S materials improves their cycling performance. To make this approach practical for large scale applications, the use of low-cost technology and materials has become a crucial and new focus of S-based Li-ion batteries. Herein, we propose to use a low temperature spraying process to fabricate graphene/S electrode material, where the ink is composed of graphene flakes and the micron-sized S particles prepared by grinding of low-cost S powders. The S particles are found to be well hosted by highly conductive graphene flakes and consequently superior cyclability (∼70% capacity retention after 250 cycles), good coulombic efficiency (∼98%) and high capacity (∼1500 mA h g(-1)) are obtained. The proposed approach does not require high temperature annealing or baking; hence, another great advantage is to make flexible Li-ion batteries. We have also demonstrated two types of flexible batteries using sprayed graphene/S electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ramesh M, Boopathi KM, Huang TY, Huang YC, Tsao CS, Chu CW. Using an airbrush pen for layer-by-layer growth of continuous perovskite thin films for hybrid solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:2359-2366. [PMID: 25562387 DOI: 10.1021/am506886d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript we describe hybrid heterojunction solar cells, having the device architecture glass/indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene)/poly(styrenesulfonic acid)/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/C60/2,9-dimethyl- 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline/Al, fabricated using lead halide perovskite obtained through spray-coating at a low precursor concentration. To study the relationship between the morphology and device performance, we recorded scanning electron microscopy images of perovskite films prepared at various precursor ratios, spray volumes, substrate temperatures, and postspray annealing temperatures. Optimization of the spray conditions ensured uniform film growth and high surface area coverage at low substrate temperatures. Lead halide perovskite solar cells prepared under the optimal conditions displayed an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approximately 9.2%, with 85% of such devices having efficiencies of greater than 8.3%. The best-performing device exhibited a short-circuit current density of 17.3 mA cm(-2), a fill factor of 0.63, and an open-circuit voltage of 0.93 V, resulting in a PCE of 10.2%. Because spray-coating technology allows large-area deposition, we also fabricated devices having areas of 60 and 342 mm(2), achieving PCEs with these devices of 6.88 and 4.66%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Ramesh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mengistie DA, Chen CH, Boopathi KM, Pranoto FW, Li LJ, Chu CW. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of PEDOT:PSS flexible bulky papers by treatment with secondary dopants. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:94-100. [PMID: 25475257 DOI: 10.1021/am507032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For inorganic thermoelectric materials, Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are interdependent, and hence optimization of thermoelectric performance is challenging. In this work we show that thermoelectric performance of PEDOT:PSS can be enhanced by greatly improving its electrical conductivity in contrast to inorganic thermoelectric materials. Free-standing flexible and smooth PEDOT:PSS bulky papers were prepared using vacuum-assisted filtration. The electrical conductivity was enhanced to 640, 800, 1300, and 1900 S cm(-1) by treating PEDOT:PSS with ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, methanol, and formic acid, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient did not show significant variation with the tremendous conductivity enhancement being 21.4 and 20.6 μV K(-1) for ethylene glycol- and formic acid-treated papers, respectively. This is because secondary dopants, which increase electrical conductivity, do not change oxidation level of PEDOT. A maximum power factor of 80.6 μW m(-1) K(-2) was shown for formic acid-treated samples, while it was only 29.3 μW m(-1) K(-2) for ethylene glycol treatment. Coupled with intrinsically low thermal conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, ZT ≈ 0.32 was measured at room temperature using Harman method. We investigated the reasons behind the greatly enhanced thermoelectric performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn A Mengistie
- Nanoscience and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, ‡Research Center for Applied Sciences, and ∥Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xu WF, Tsai MC, Fu PH, Huang TY, Yang SJ, Tian WC, Chu CW, Huang DW, Wei PK. Efficiency enhancement of organic solar cells using peroxo-polytitanic acid coated silver nanowires as transparent electrodes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15915b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowires and peroxo-polytitanic acid gel combined with TiOx used as conducting electrodes for organic solar cell application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Xu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics
| | - Ming-Chih Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics
| | - Po-Han Fu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yen Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineer
| | - Shang-Jung Yang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
- Institute of Optoelectronics Sciences
| | - Wei-Cheng Tian
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Ding-Wei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
- Institute of Optoelectronics Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Felner I, Lv B, Chu CW. Magnetic and structural relationship of RFe2Si2 and R(Fe(1-x)M(x))2Si2(x = 0-1) systems (R = La, Y and Lu, M = Ni, Mn and Cu). J Phys Condens Matter 2014; 26:476002. [PMID: 25345499 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/476002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the similarity between AFe(2)As(2) (A = Ba, Sr) and RFe(2)Si(2) (R = La, Y and Lu), the RFe(2)Si(2) system has been proposed as a potential candidate for a new high TC superconducting family containing Fe-Si (instead of Fe-As) layers as a structural unit. Various R (Fe(1-x)M(x))2 Si(2) (M = Ni and Cu) materials were synthesized and measured for their magnetic properties. None of these materials is superconducting down to 1.8 K. A pronounced peak at 232 K was observed in the magnetization curve of YFe(2)Si(2). (57)Fe Mössbauer studies confirm the absence of any long-range magnetic ordering below 232 K. Similar peaks at various temperatures also appear in R (Fe(1-x)M(x))2 Si2 samples. For Y (Fe(1-x)Mn(x))2 Si(2) the peak position is dramatically affected by the magnetic Mn dopants. Four independent factors affect the peak position and shift it to lower temperatures: (i) the lattice parameters, (ii) the concentration of x (iii) the applied magnetic field and (iv) the magnetic nature of M. It is proposed that the magnetic peaks observed in RFe(2)Si(2) and in R (Fe(1-x)M(x))2 Si(2) represent a new nearly ferromagnetic Fermi liquid system, its nature is yet to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Felner
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tsai YL, Li CT, Huang TY, Lee CT, Lin CY, Chu CW, Vittal R, Ho KC. Cover Picture: Electrocatalytic SiC Nanoparticles/PEDOT:PSS Composite Thin Films as the Counter Electrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (ChemElectroChem 6/2014). ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201490026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
50
|
Tsai YL, Li CT, Huang TY, Lee CT, Lin CY, Chu CW, Vittal R, Ho KC. Electrocatalytic SiC Nanoparticles/PEDOT:PSS Composite Thin Films as the Counter Electrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|