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Ma W, Sergeev AA, Asif MB, Pan Y, Wang H, Li K, Safari A, Yang J, Huang B, Wong KS, Li Y, Yan X, Yao S. Robust All-Day Frostphobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44174-44185. [PMID: 39115331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The application of solar-thermal surfaces for antifrosting and defrosting has emerged as a passive and environmentally friendly approach to mitigate the negative consequences of frost formation, such as structural damage and reduced heat transfer efficiency. However, achieving robust all-day frostphobicity solely through interfacial modification and solar-thermal effects is challenging in practical applications: The thick frost that accumulates at night strongly scatters solar radiation, rendering the solar-thermal coatings ineffective during the daytime. Additionally, these nanostructured coatings are susceptible to wear and tear when exposed to the outdoors for extended periods of time. To address these challenges, we present an innovative frostphobic surface that incorporates V-grooved structures with superhydrophobic solar-thermal layers (VSSs). The out-of-plane gradient structures facilitate spatially regulated vapor diffusion, an enhanced photothermal effect, and robust water repellency. These features not only prevent frost from covering the entire surface overnight, enabling effective solar-thermal defrosting during the daytime, but also protect the surface from deterioration. The combined merits ensure robust all-day frostphobicity and exceptional durability, making the VSS surface promising for practical applications and extending the lifespan in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Aleksandr A Sergeev
- Department of Physics and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuming Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Keqiao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ali Safari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen 518048, China
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2
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Chu F, Hu Z, Feng Y, Lai NC, Wu X, Wang R. Advanced Anti-Icing Strategies and Technologies by Macrostructured Photothermal Storage Superhydrophobic Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402897. [PMID: 38801015 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Water is the source of life and civilization, but water icing causes catastrophic damage to human life and diverse industrial processes. Currently, superhydrophobic surfaces (inspired by the lotus effect) aided anti-icing attracts intensive attention due to their energy-free property. Here, recent advances in anti-icing by design and functionalization of superhydrophobic surfaces are reviewed. The mechanisms and advantages of conventional, macrostructured, and photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces are introduced in turn. Conventional superhydrophobic surfaces, as well as macrostructured ones, easily lose the icephobic property under extreme conditions, while photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces strongly rely on solar illumination. To address the above issues, a potentially smart strategy is found by developing macrostructured photothermal storage superhydrophobic (MPSS) surfaces, which integrate the functions of macrostructured superhydrophobic materials, photothermal materials, and phase change materials (PCMs), and are expected to achieve all-day anti-icing in various fields. Finally, the latest achievements in developing MPSS surfaces, showcasing their immense potential, are highlighted. Besides, the perspectives on the future development of MPSS surfaces are provided and the problems that need to be solved in their practical applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhifeng Hu
- Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanhui Feng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nien-Chu Lai
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruzhu Wang
- Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Cui J, Wang T, Che Z. Melting Process of Frozen Sessile Droplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14800-14810. [PMID: 37797346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces can exhibit icephobicity in many ways due to their large contact angles and small rolling angles. The melting process of frozen droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces is still unclear, hindering the understanding of surface icephobicity. In this experimental study of the melting process of frozen sessile droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces, we find two types of melting morphologies with opposite vortex directions on a single-scale nanostructured (SN) superhydrophobic substrate and a hierarchical-scale micronanostructured (HMN) superhydrophobic substrate. Melting pattern visualizations and flow field measurements showed Marangoni convection and natural convection occurring in the melting sessile droplets. For the HMN superhydrophobic substrate, the internal flow was found to be dominated by Marangoni convection due to the temperature gradient along the surface of the droplet. For the SN superhydrophobic substrate, Marangoni convection was inhibited by the superhydrophobic particles at the surface of the droplet, which were shed from the fragile superhydrophobic substrate during the freezing-melting process, as confirmed by surface characterizations of the substrate and flow measurements of a water pool. These results will help researchers better understand the melting process of frozen droplets and in designing novel icephobic surfaces for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhizhao Che
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Khoruzhenko O, Dudko V, Rosenfeldt S, Breu J. Fabricating defogging metasurfaces via a water-based colloidal route. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3749-3760. [PMID: 37404036 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00625e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials possess exotic properties that do not occur in nature and have attracted significant attention in research and engineering. Two decades ago, the field of metamaterials emerged from linear electromagnetism, and today it encompasses a wide range of aspects related to solid matter, including electromagnetic and optical, mechanical and acoustic, as well as unusual thermal or mass transport phenomena. Combining different material properties can lead to emergent synergistic functions applicable in everyday life. Nevertheless, making such metamaterials in a robust, facile, and scalable manner is still challenging. This paper presents an effective protocol allowing for metasurfaces offering a synergy between optical and thermal properties. It utilizes liquid crystalline suspensions of nanosheets comprising two transparent silicate monolayers in a double stack, where gold nanoparticles are sandwiched between the two silicate monolayers. The colloidally stable suspension of nanosheets was applied in nanometre-thick coatings onto various substrates. The transparent coatings serve as absorbers in the infrared spectrum allowing for the efficient conversion of sunlight into heat. The peculiar metasurface couples plasmon-enhanced adsorption with anisotropic heat conduction in the plane of the coating, both at the nanoscale. Processing of the coating is based on scalable and affordable wet colloidal processing instead of having to apply physical deposition in high vacuum or lithographic techniques. Upon solar irradiation, the colloidal metasurface is quickly (60% of the time taken for the non-coated glass) heated to the level where complete defogging is assured without sacrificing transparency in the visible range. The protocol is generally applicable allowing for intercalation of any nanoparticles covering a range of physical properties that are then inherited to colloidal nanosheets. Because of their large aspect ratio, the nanosheets will inevitably orient parallel to any surface. This will allow for a toolbox capable of mimicking metamaterial properties while assuring facile processing via dip coating or spray coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Khoruzhenko
- Department of Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Volodymyr Dudko
- Department of Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Josef Breu
- Department of Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Zhang BX, Cai ZH, Ding Q, Zhu KQ, Yang YR, Wang XD. Bouncing dynamics of nanodroplets impacting superhydrophobic surfaces: The coupling influence of wetting transitions and scale effects. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Huang W, Huang J, Guo Z, Liu W. Icephobic/anti-icing properties of superhydrophobic surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102658. [PMID: 35381422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the winter, icing on solid surfaces is a typical occurrence that may create a slew of hassles and even tragedies. Anti-icing surfaces are one of the effective solutions for this kind of problem. The roughness of a superhydrophobic surface traps air and weakens the contact between the solid surface and liquid water, allowing water droplets to be removed before freezing. At present, the conventional anti-icing methods including mechanical or thermal technology are not only surface structure unfriendly but also have the obsessions of low efficiency, high energy consumption and high manufacturing costs. Hence, developing a way to remove ice by just modifying the surface shape or chemical composition with a low surface energy is extremely desirable. Numerous attempts have been made to investigate the evolution of ice nucleation and icing on superhydrophobic surfaces under the direction of the ice nucleation hypothesis. In this paper, the research progress of ice nucleation in recent years is reviewed from theoretical and application. The icephobic surfaces are described using the wettability and classical nucleation theories. The benefits and drawbacks of anti-icing superhydrophobic surface are summarized, as well as deicing methods. Finally, several applications of ice phobic materials are illustrated, and some problems and challenges in the research field are discussed. We believed that this review will be useful in guiding future water freezing initiatives.
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Gharib G, Saeidiharzand S, Sadaghiani AK, Koşar A. Antifreeze Proteins: A Tale of Evolution From Origin to Energy Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:770588. [PMID: 35186912 PMCID: PMC8851421 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.770588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Icing and formation of ice crystals is a major obstacle against applications ranging from energy systems to transportation and aviation. Icing not only introduces excess thermal resistance, but it also reduces the safety in operating systems. Many organisms living under harsh climate and subzero temperature conditions have developed extraordinary survival strategies to avoid or delay ice crystal formation. There are several types of antifreeze glycoproteins with ice-binding ability to hamper ice growth, ice nucleation, and recrystallization. Scientists adopted similar approaches to utilize a new generation of engineered antifreeze and ice-binding proteins as bio cryoprotective agents for preservation and industrial applications. There are numerous types of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) categorized according to their structures and functions. The main challenge in employing such biomolecules on industrial surfaces is the stabilization/coating with high efficiency. In this review, we discuss various classes of antifreeze proteins. Our particular focus is on the elaboration of potential industrial applications of anti-freeze polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (FENS), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Shaghayegh Saeidiharzand
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (FENS), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdolali K. Sadaghiani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (FENS), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Abdolali K. Sadaghiani, ; Ali Koşar,
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (FENS), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Abdolali K. Sadaghiani, ; Ali Koşar,
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8
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Pach E, Verdaguer A. Studying Ice with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy. Molecules 2021; 27:258. [PMID: 35011490 PMCID: PMC8746807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful imaging technique able to obtain astonishing images of the micro- and the nano-world. Unfortunately, the technique has been limited to vacuum conditions for many years. In the last decades, the ability to introduce water vapor into the SEM chamber and still collect the electrons by the detector, combined with the temperature control of the sample, has enabled the study of ice at nanoscale. Astounding images of hexagonal ice crystals suddenly became real. Since these first images were produced, several studies have been focusing their interest on using SEM to study ice nucleation, morphology, thaw, etc. In this paper, we want to review the different investigations devoted to this goal that have been conducted in recent years in the literature and the kind of information, beyond images, that was obtained. We focus our attention on studies trying to clarify the mechanisms of ice nucleation and those devoted to the study of ice dynamics. We also discuss these findings to elucidate the present and future of SEM applied to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pach
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
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9
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Ma Y, Zhao F, Wang L, Ding Y, Zhao H, Wang H, Liu J. A stomata-inspired superhydrophobic portable filter system. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18783-18786. [PMID: 35478648 PMCID: PMC9033496 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03297f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomata, specialized functional openings distributed on the leaf surface, are used for plant respiration by allowing gas exchange, i.e., taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, and for water content regulation. Their function is vital to plant survival. Leaves with different wettability exhibit different stomata densities. In this study, we find that stomata on Pistia stratiotes L. leaves are protected by superhydrophobic setae, which prevent direct contact between the stomata and water in humid environments by suspending water droplets on the top of the setae. Thus, oxygen and carbon dioxide are freely exchanged through the stomata. This structure inspired us to design and develop a mask for filtering solid particles and noxious gas from the atmosphere. The incoming gas is in convective contact with water, achieving a filtering efficiency. The solid particles and potential harmful gas in air are wetted and captured by water, leaving fresh air for healthy breathing. This novel design has potential applications in the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100070 China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Specialized Robot Engineering and Technological Center of Hainan Province, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology Haikou 571126 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering, Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuchen Ding
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy 12180 USA
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088 China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100070 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering, Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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10
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Wang P, He L, Wang Z. The effect of surface structure and arrangement on wettability of substrate surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahmadi SF, Spohn CA, Nath S, Boreyko JB. Suppressing Condensation Frosting Using an Out-of-Plane Dry Zone. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15603-15609. [PMID: 33325712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The vapor pressure above ice is lower than that above supercooled water at the same temperature. This inherent hygroscopic quality of ice has recently been exploited to suppress frost growth by patterning microscopic ice stripes along a surface. These vapor-attracting ice stripes prevented condensation frosting from occurring in the intermediate regions; however, the required presence of the sacrificial ice stripes made it impossible to achieve the ideal case of a completely dry surface. Here, we decouple the sacrificial ice from the antifrosting surface by holding an uncoated aluminum surface in parallel with a prefrosted surface. By replacing the overlapping in-plane dry zones with a uniform out-of-plane dry zone, we show that even an uncoated aluminum surface can stay almost completely dry in chilled and supersaturated conditions. Using a blend of experiments and numerical simulations, we show that the critical separation required to keep the surface dry is a function of the ambient supersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Farzad Ahmadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Corey A Spohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Saurabh Nath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, UMR 7636 du CNRS, ESPCI, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan B Boreyko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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12
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Baba S, Sawada K, Tanaka K, Okamoto A. Dropwise Condensation on a Hierarchical Nanopillar Structured Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10033-10042. [PMID: 32787030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanopillar structure processing has been performed on condensation surfaces to control wettability and achieve a high heat transfer coefficient via dropwise condensation and jumping droplets. Modified dry etching was performed using gold (Au) nanoparticles generated by annealing Au as a mask. High-aspect-ratio nanopillar processing was also performed to produce uniform pillar surfaces and novel hierarchical pillar surfaces. A uniform nanopillar surface with pillars having diameters of 20-850 nm and a hierarchical pillar surface with thick pillars having diameters ranging from 100 to 860 nm and thin pillars with diameters ranging from 20 to 40 nm were mixed and fabricated. Condensation experiments were performed using the noncoated nanopillar surfaces, and the condensation behaviors on the silicon (Si) surfaces were observed from above using a microscope and from the side using a high-speed camera. On the uniform surface US-3 and the hierarchical surfaces HS-1 and HS-2, droplet jumps were observed frequently in the droplet size range of 20-50 μm. In contrast, as the droplet size increased to 50 μm or more, the number of jumps observed decreased as the droplet size increased. The frequency of droplet jumps on the hierarchical surfaces from the start of condensation to approximately 2 min was higher than that on the uniform surfaces, although the density of droplet formation on the hierarchical surfaces was not relatively large. On the basis of the observation of droplet behavior from the side surface, we identified that the primary jump was due to the coalescence of droplets adhering to the surface and that the subsequent jump was caused by the droplet coalescence when the jump droplets were reattached. The primary jump occurrence rate was high on all pillar surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumei Baba
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sawada
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Tanaka
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okamoto
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
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Mohammadian B, Annavarapu RK, Raiyan A, Nemani SK, Kim S, Wang M, Sojoudi H. Delayed Frost Growth on Nanoporous Microstructured Surfaces Utilizing Jumping and Sweeping Condensates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6635-6650. [PMID: 32418428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled jumping of condensate droplets (dew) enables their easy and efficient removal from surfaces and is essential for enhancing the condensation heat transfer coefficient and for delaying the frost growth rate on supercooled surfaces. Here, we report the droplet-jumping phenomenon using nanoporous vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT) microstructures grown on smooth silicon substrates and coated with poly-(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecylacrylate) (pPFDA). We also report droplet-sweeping phenomenon on horizontally mounted surfaces, concluding that the frost surface coverage area and the frost growth rates observed with the droplet-sweeping phenomenon are much lower than those that are observed with the droplet-jumping phenomenon alone. We also investigate the fundamentals of droplet-jumping and the frost growth phenomena using line-shaped, hollow-cylindrical, and cylindrical microstructures, comparing the frost surface coverage area and the ice-bridging times during condensation-frosting, prolonged condensation-frosting, and direct-frosting. We find that the closely spaced thin line-shaped microstructures and hollow-cylindrical microstructures are optimal for frost coverage reduction because of their ability to exhibit droplet-jumping and droplet-sweeping phenomena. We observe that adding nonuniform roughness on top of the microstructures leads to jumping-associated droplet-sweeping on supercooled surfaces. Here, we report the evaporation of an already frozen droplet because of freezing of a supercooled condensate droplet in its close vicinity, enabling the Cassie-Baxter state frost growth and enhancing defrosting efficiency. Finally, we discuss the dynamic defrosting behavior of the pPFDA-coated VA-CNT microstructures, concluding that the small gaps (spacings) between the microstructures not only enable dewetting transitions of droplets but also promote the Cassie-Baxter state frost formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Mohammadian
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Rama Kishore Annavarapu
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Asif Raiyan
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Srinivasa Kartik Nemani
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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14
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Rofman B, Dehe S, Frumkin V, Hardt S, Bercovici M. Intermediate States of Wetting on Hierarchical Superhydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5517-5523. [PMID: 32337996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wetting transition on superhydrophobic surfaces is commonly described as an abrupt jump between two stable states-either from Cassie to Wenzel for nonhierarchical surfaces or from Cassie to nano-Cassie on hierarchical surfaces. We here experimentally study the electrowetting of hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces composed of multiple length scales by imaging the light reflections from the gas-liquid interface. We present the existence of a continuous set of intermediate states of wetting through which the gas-liquid interface transitions under a continuously increasing external forcing. This transition is partially reversible and is limited only by localized Cassie to Wenzel transitions at nanodefects in the structure. In addition, we show that even a surface containing many localized wetted regions can still exhibit extremely low contact angle hysteresis, thus remaining useful for many heat transfer and self-cleaning applications. Expanding the classical definition of the Cassie state in the context of hierarchical surfaces, from a single state to a continuum of metastable states ranging from the centimeter to the nanometer scale, is important for a better description of the slip properties of superhydrophobic surfaces and provides new considerations for their effective design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Rofman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Sebastian Dehe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Valeri Frumkin
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Moran Bercovici
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Chu F, Wen D, Wu X. Frost Self-Removal Mechanism during Defrosting on Vertical Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Peeling Off or Jumping Off. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14562-14569. [PMID: 30360621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although a superhydrophobic surface has great potential to delay frosting, it tends to become frosted under humid conditions and needs to defrost periodically. So far, the exact mechanism of defrosting still remains unclear. Here, we investigate the frost self-removal mechanism during defrosting on vertical superhydrophobic surfaces. Two self-removal modes are observed: peeling off and jumping off. When the frost thickness is larger than a threshold value, peeling off mode occurs; otherwise, jumping off mode takes place. Compared with the peeling off mode, the jumping off mode is less effective in self-removing frost as jumping is limited by energy transformation. A theoretical model based on frost melting-water permeation mechanism is proposed to determine the threshold value of frost thickness. According to this model, the threshold value of the frost thickness is dependent on the frost porosity and the surface temperature (or heat flux). For our particular experiments, the threshold value of the frost thickness predicted by the proposed model agrees well with our experimental results. Our work may advance the defrosting applications of superhydrophobic surfaces in related engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chu
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Dongsheng Wen
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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Ahmadi SF, Nath S, Iliff GJ, Srijanto BR, Collier CP, Yue P, Boreyko JB. Passive Antifrosting Surfaces Using Microscopic Ice Patterns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32874-32884. [PMID: 30221924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite exceptional recent advances in tailoring the wettability of surfaces, to date, no engineered surface can passively suppress the in-plane growth of frost that invariably occurs in humid, subfreezing environments. Here, we show that up to 90% of a surface can exhibit passive antifrosting by using chemical or physical wettability patterns to template "ice stripes" across the surface. As ice exhibits a depressed vapor pressure relative to liquid water, these sacrificial ice stripes siphon the supersaturated water vapor to keep the intermediate surface areas dry from dew and frost. Further, we show that when these sacrificial ice stripes are elevated atop microfins, they diffusively coarsen in a suspended state above the surface. The suspended state of the coarsening ice results in a diffusive growth rate an order of magnitude slower than frost coarsening directly on a solid substrate and should also minimize its adhesive strength to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernadeta R Srijanto
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - C Patrick Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
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Yoon D, Chae S, Kim W, Lee D, Choi D. Superhydrophobic plasmonic nanoarchitectures based on aluminum hydroxide nanotemplates. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17125-17130. [PMID: 30182097 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04873h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The combined characteristics of non-wettabililty and strong plasmonic resonances make superhydrophobic plasmonic nanostructures an appealing tool for ultrasensitive detection in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, inducing superhydrophobic surfaces on originally hydrophilic metals (e.g., gold, silver) while achieving high plasmonic enhancement requires sophisticated surface engineering and often involves complex fabrication processes. In this article, we design and fabricate cost effective and scalable plasmonic nanostructures with both superhydrophobicity (a water contact angle >160°) and high SERS signal (enhancement factor ≈106). Silver-coated aluminum hydroxide nanotemplates are obtained from a simple wet process, followed by thermal evaporation of silver nanoparticles. We find that the largest SERS enhancement is obtained when the contact angle is maximum. This confirms that the control of surface wettability is an effective way to improve detection sensitivity in SERS measurements. The nanotemplates developed in this study could be applied further in various applications, including microfluidic biomolecular optical sensors, photocatalysts, and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daesung Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 17104 Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Gao S, Liao Q, Liu W, Liu Z. Nanodroplets Impact on Rough Surfaces: A Simulation and Theoretical Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5910-5917. [PMID: 29708343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Impact of droplets is widespread in life, and modulating the dynamics of impinging droplets is a significant problem in production. However, on textured surfaces, the micromorphologic change and mechanism of impinging nanodroplets are not well-understood; furthermore, the accuracy of the theoretical model for nanodroplets needs to be improved. Here, considering the great challenge of conducting experiments on nanodroplets, a molecular dynamics simulation is performed to visualize the impact process of nanodroplets on nanopillar surfaces. Compared with macroscale droplets, apart from the similar relation of restitution coefficient with the Weber number, we found some distinctive results: the maximum spreading time is described as a power law of impact velocity, and the relation of maximum spreading factor with impact velocity or the Reynolds number is exponential. Moreover, the roughness of substrates plays a prominent role in the dynamics of impact nanodroplets, and on surfaces with lower solid fraction, the lower attraction force induces an easier rebound of impact nanodroplets. At last, on the basis of the energy balance, through modifying the estimation of viscous dissipation and surface energy terms, we proposed an improved model for the maximum spreading factor, which shows greater accuracy for nanodroplets, especially in the low-to-moderate velocity range. The outcome of this study demonstrates that a distinctive dynamical behavior of impinging nanodroplets, the fundamental insight, and more accurate prediction are very useful in the improvement of the hydrodynamic behavior of the nanodroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Quanwen Liao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Zhichun Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
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Chu F, Wu X, Wang L. Meltwater Evolution during Defrosting on Superhydrophobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1415-1421. [PMID: 29220152 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Defrosting is essential for removing frost from engineering surfaces, but some fundamental issues are still unclear, especially for defrosting on superhydrophobic surfaces. Here, defrosting experiments on prepared superhydrophobic surfaces were conducted along with the investigation on meltwater evolution characteristics. According to the experiments, the typical meltwater evolution process on superhydrophobic surfaces can be divided into two stages: dewetting by edge curling and dewetting by shrinkage. The edge curling of a meltwater film is a distinct phenomenon and has been first reported in this work. Profiting from the ultralow adhesion of the superhydrophobic surface, edge curling is mainly attributed to two unbalanced forces (one at the interface between the ice slurry layer and pure water layer and the other in the triple phase line area) acting on the layered meltwater film. During the multi-meltwater evolution process, the nonbreaking of chained droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces is also an interesting phenomenon, which is controlled by the interaction between the surface tension and the retentive force because of contact angle hysteresis. An approximate criterion was then developed to explain and determine the status of chained droplets, and experimental data from various surfaces have validated the effectiveness of this criterion. This work may deepen the understanding of defrosting on superhydrophobic surfaces and promote antifrosting/icing applications in engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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Telecka A, Li T, Ndoni S, Taboryski R. Nanotextured Si surfaces derived from block-copolymer self-assembly with superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic, or superamphiphobic properties. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of wafer-scale nanolithography based on block-copolymer (BCP) self-assembly for the fabrication of surfaces with enhanced wetting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Telecka
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
- University College London
| | - Sokol Ndoni
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, CNG
- Technical University of Denmark
| | - Rafael Taboryski
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
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Tran MQ, Nakata K, Horikoshi S. Improvement of Wettability of Photocatalytic TiO 2–Coated Wafers by Microwave/UV Pre-treatment. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1171-1175. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Quang Tran
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
- Photocatalytic International Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kazuya Nakata
- Photocatalytic International Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Satoshi Horikoshi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
- Photocatalytic International Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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