1
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Liang Z, Bao H, Yao Z, Li M, Chen C, Zhang L, Wang H, Guo Y, Ma Y, Yang X, Yu G, Zhang J, Xue C, Sun B, Mao C. The orientation of CpG conjugation on aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoparticles determines the immunostimulatory effects of combination adjuvants. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122569. [PMID: 38626556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In subunit vaccines, aluminum salts (Alum) are commonly used as adjuvants, but with limited cellular immune responses. To overcome this limitation, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been used in combination with Alum. However, current combined usage of Alum and CpG is limited to linear mixtures, and the underlying interaction mechanism between CpG and Alum is not well understood. Thus, we propose to chemically conjugate Alum nanoparticles and CpG (with 5' or 3' end exposed) to design combination adjuvants. Our study demonstrates that compared to the 3'-end exposure, the 5'-end exposure of CpG in combination adjuvants (Al-CpG-5') enhances the activation of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promotes Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. We used the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as model antigens to demonstrate that Al-CpG-5' enhanced antigen-specific antibody production and upregulated cytotoxic T lymphocyte markers. Additionally, Al-CpG-5' allows for coordinated adaptive immune responses even at lower doses of both CpG ODNs and HBsAg antigens, and enhances lymph node transport of antigens and activation of dendritic cells, promoting Tfh cell differentiation and B cell activation. Our novel Alum-CPG strategy points the way towards broadening the use of nanoadjuvants for both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hang Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Ge Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- AIM Honesty Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dalian, 116100, PR China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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2
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Chen C, Xue C, Jiang J, Bi S, Hu Z, Yu G, Sun B, Mao C. Neurotoxicity Profiling of Aluminum Salt-Based Nanoparticles as Adjuvants for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 390:45-52. [PMID: 38272670 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines containing aluminum adjuvants have been widely used in the treatment of tumors due to their powerful immune-enhancing effects. However, the neurotoxicity of aluminum adjuvants with different physicochemical properties has not been completely elucidated. In this study, a library of engineered aluminum oxyhydroxide (EAO) and aluminum hydroxyphosphate (EAHP) nanoparticles was synthesized to determine their neurotoxicity in vitro. It was demonstrated that the surface charge of EAHPs and size of EAOs did not affect the cytotoxicity in N9, bEnd.3, and HT22 cells; however, soluble aluminum ions trigger the cytotoxicity in three different cell lines. Moreover, soluble aluminum ions induce apoptosis in N9 cells, and further mechanistic studies demonstrated that this apoptosis was mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. This study identifies the safety profile of aluminum-containing salts adjuvants in the nervous system during therapeutic vaccine use, and provides novel design strategies for their safer applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this study, it was demonstrated that engineered aluminum oxyhydroxide and aluminum hydroxyphosphate nanoparticles did not induce cytotoxicity in N9, bEnd.3, and HT22 cells. In comparation, soluble aluminum ions triggered significant cytotoxicity in three different cell lines, indicating that the form in which aluminum is presenting may play a crucial role in its safety. Moreover, apoptosis induced by soluble aluminum ions was dependent on mitochondrial damage. This study confirms the safety of engineered aluminum adjuvants in vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), School of Bioengineering (C.C., C.X.), School of Chemical Engineering (J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (C.M.)
| | - Changying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), School of Bioengineering (C.C., C.X.), School of Chemical Engineering (J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (C.M.)
| | - Jiaxuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), School of Bioengineering (C.C., C.X.), School of Chemical Engineering (J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (C.M.)
| | - Shisheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), School of Bioengineering (C.C., C.X.), School of Chemical Engineering (J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (C.M.)
| | - Zurui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), School of Bioengineering (C.C., C.X.), School of Chemical Engineering (J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (C.M.)
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), School of Bioengineering (C.C., C.X.), School of Chemical Engineering (J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (C.M.)
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), School of Bioengineering (C.C., C.X.), School of Chemical Engineering (J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (C.M.)
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), School of Bioengineering (C.C., C.X.), School of Chemical Engineering (J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (C.C., J.J., S.B., Z.H., G.Y., B.S.), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (C.M.)
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3
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Guo A, Tang L, Yang B, Xie N, Cui Y, Sun W, Li Y, Li X, Wu Y, Liu Y. A xanthan gum and carbomer-codispersed divalent manganese ion-loaded tannic acid nanoparticle adjuvanted inactivated pseudorabies virus vaccine induces balanced humoral and cellular immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132172. [PMID: 38719009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants including aluminum adjuvant (Alum) and oil-water emulsion have been widely used in inactivated pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccines to improve their performance, however, they are not sufficient to protect from PRV infection because of the weak immune response and poor Th1-type immune response. Divalent manganese ion (Mn2+) has been reported to increase the cellular immune response significantly. In this work, a xanthan gum and carbomer-dispersed Mn2+-loaded tannic acid-polyethylene glycol (TPMnXC) nanoparticle colloid is developed and used as an adjuvant to improve the performance of the inactivated PRV vaccine. The good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the developed TPMnXC colloid has been confirmed by the cell viability assay, erythrocyte hemolysis, blood routine analysis, and histological analysis of mouse organs and injection site. The TPMnXC-adjuvanted inactivated PRV vaccine (TPMnXC@PRV) significantly promotes higher and more balanced immune responses indicating with an increased specific total IgG antibody and IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, efficient splenocytes proliferation, and elevated Th1- and Th2-type cytokine secretion than those of control groups. Wild PRV challenge experiment is performed using mice as a model animal, achieving a protection rate of up to 86.67 %, which is much higher than those observed from the commercial Alum. This work not only demonstrates the high potentiality of TPMnXC in practical applications but also provides a new way to develop the Mn2+-loaded nanoadjuvant for veterinary vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Tannins/chemistry
- Tannins/pharmacology
- Manganese/chemistry
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/immunology
- Pseudorabies Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Pseudorabies/prevention & control
- Pseudorabies/immunology
- Female
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Polyphenols
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lvqing Tang
- China National Biotec Group Adnova Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Niling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yandong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Sinopharm Animal Health Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xiangting Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Wu
- China National Biotec Group Adnova Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China; State Key Laboratory of Novel Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100098, China.
| | - Yingshuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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4
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Sun B, Li M, Yao Z, Yu G, Ma Y. Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants: Nanomaterials and Small Molecules. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:113-132. [PMID: 37059911 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants have been extensively and essentially formulated in subunits and certain inactivated vaccines for enhancing and prolonging protective immunity against infections and diseases. According to the types of infectious diseases and the required immunity, adjuvants with various acting mechanisms have been designed and applied in human vaccines. In this chapter, we introduce the advances in vaccine adjuvants based on nanomaterials and small molecules. By reviewing the immune mechanisms induced by adjuvants with different characteristics, we aim to establish structure-activity relationships between the physicochemical properties of adjuvants and their immunostimulating capability for the development of adjuvants for more effective preventative and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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5
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Jiao L, Wang Z, Song Z, Zhang T, Yu L, Yu R, Gao Q, Peng S, Jin H, Wang D, Liu Z. Lentinan-functionalized graphene oxide hydrogel as a sustained antigen delivery system for vaccines. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126629. [PMID: 37657564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel has been proven to have the ability to deliver antigens continuously to achieve slow vaccine delivery, which makes it a promising candidate for an adjuvant delivery platform. Meanwhile, graphene oxide (GO) has garnered significant attention due to its good biosafety, excellent surface area and easy modification. However, GO exists as weak colloidal particles and poses challenges in self-assembling into a hydrogel structure. Here, we propose an innovative strategy involving self-assembling lentinan-functionalized graphene oxide hydrogel ((LNT-GO Gel) by simply mixing lentinan (LNT)-functionalized GO with polyethylene imide (PEI), which can simultaneously encapsulate antigens, achieve long-lasting release of antigens and generate excellent adjuvant activity. The results indicated that the LNT-GO Gel can control the release of OVA at the injection site and confer targeted delivering capacity to lymph nodes. And the date demonstrates that LNT-GO Gel displays favorable safety and biodegradability in vivo. Moreover, LNT-GO Gel can enhance the activation and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph node, induce stronger OVA-specific antibody response, and promote spleen T lymphocyte differentiation, which underscores that LNT-GO Gel has ability to generate stronger antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Collectively, these results demonstrate the adjuvant potential of the lentinan-functionalized graphene oxide hydrogel (LNT-GO Gel) for subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zuchen Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lin Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Song Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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6
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Qiu L, Shen R, Wei L, Xu S, Xia W, Hou Y, Cui J, Qu R, Luo J, Cao J, Yang J, Sun J, Ma R, Yu Q. Designing a microbial fermentation-functionalized alginate microsphere for targeted release of 5-ASA using nano dietary fiber carrier for inflammatory bowel disease treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:344. [PMID: 37741962 PMCID: PMC10517557 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) always suffer from severe abdominal pain and appear to be at high risk for colorectal cancer. Recently, the co-delivery of targeted drugs and gut microbiota has developed into an attractive strategy. A new strategy using gut microbiota fermentation to overcome the interspace diffuse resistance from the mucus layer to control drug release in inflammatory bowel sites (IBS sites) has not yet been available. Here, we designed an alginate hydrogel microsphere encapsulating bifidobacterium (Bac) and drug-modified nanoscale dietary fibers (NDFs). The hydrogel microsphere is responsible for protecting drugs from acidic and multi-enzymatic environments and delivering drugs to the colorectum. Subsequently, the fermentation of Bac by digesting NDFs and proteins as carbon and nitrogen sources can promote drug release and play a probiotic role in the gut microbiota. In vitro evidence indicated that small-sized NDF (NDF-1) could significantly promote short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) expression. Notably, NDF-1 hydrogel microspheres showed a boost release of 5-ASA in the IBS sites, resulting in the amelioration of gut inflammation and remodeling of gut microbiota in chronic colitis mice. This study developed a controlled release system based on microbial fermentation for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renbin Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiale Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ronglin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Filipić B, Pantelić I, Nikolić I, Majhen D, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Savić S, Krajišnik D. Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants and Delivery Systems for Modern Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1172. [PMID: 37514991 PMCID: PMC10385383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since the development of the first vaccine, vaccination has had the great impact on global health, leading to the decrease in the burden of numerous infectious diseases. However, there is a constant need to improve existing vaccines and develop new vaccination strategies and vaccine platforms that induce a broader immune response compared to traditional vaccines. Modern vaccines tend to rely on certain nanotechnology platforms but are still expected to be readily available and easy for large-scale manufacturing and to induce a durable immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the most promising nanoadjuvants and nanoparticulate delivery systems and discuss their benefits from tehchnological and immunological standpoints as well as their objective drawbacks and possible side effects. The presented nano alums, silica and clay nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, adenoviral-vectored systems, adeno-associated viral vectors, vesicular stomatitis viral vectors, lentiviral vectors, virus-like particles (including bacteriophage-based ones) and virosomes indicate that vaccine developers can now choose different adjuvants and/or delivery systems as per the requirement, specific to combatting different infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pantelić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ines Nikolić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Chen W, Li C, Jiang X. Advanced Biomaterials with Intrinsic Immunomodulation Effects for Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201404. [PMID: 36811240 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has achieved significant success in tumor treatment based on immune checkpoint blockers and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. However, about 70-80% of patients with solid tumors do not respond to immunotherapy due to immune evasion. Recent studies found that some biomaterials have intrinsic immunoregulatory effects, except serve as carriers for immunoregulatory drugs. Moreover, these biomaterials have additional advantages such as easy functionalization, modification, and customization. In this review, the recent advances of these immunoregulatory biomaterials in cancer immunotherapy and their interaction with cancer cells, immune cells, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of immunoregulatory biomaterials used in the clinic and the prospect of their future in cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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9
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Environmental Health and Safety of Engineered Nanomaterials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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10
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Lu Y, Liu G. Nano alum: A new solution to the new challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2060667. [PMID: 35471916 PMCID: PMC9897648 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alum adjuvant has always been the first choice when designing a vaccine. Conventional aluminum adjuvant includes aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, and amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate (AAHS), which could effectively induce the humoral, and to a lesser extent, cellular immune responses. Their safety is widely accepted for a variety of vaccines. However, conventional alum adjuvant is not an ideal choice for a vaccine antigen with poor immunogenicity, especially the subunit vaccine in which cellular response is highly demanded. The outbreak of COVID-19 requires a delicately designed vaccine without the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect to ensure the safety. A sufficiently powerful adjuvant that can induce both Th1 and Th2 immune responses is necessary to reduce the risk of ADE. These circumstances all bring new challenges to the conventional alum adjuvant. However, turning conventional microscale alum adjuvant into nanoscale is a new solution to these problems. Nanoscale alum owns a higher surface volume ratio, can absorb much more antigens, and promote the ability to stimulate the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via different mechanisms. In this review, the exceptional performance of nano alum adjuvant and their preparation methods will be discussed. The potential safety concern of nano alum is also addressed. Based on the different mechanisms, the potential application of nano alum will also be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Shanghai Zerun Bio, Shanghai, PRC,CONTACT Yang Lu Shanghai Zerun Bio, 1690 Zhangheng Rd, Pudong New District, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Ge Liu
- Shanghai Zerun Bio, Shanghai, PRC
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11
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Self-assembled flagella protein nanofibers induce enhanced mucosal immunity. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121733. [PMID: 36038418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibers are potential vaccines or adjuvants for vaccination at the mucosal interface. However, how their lengths affect the mucosal immunity is not well understood. Using length-tunable flagella (self-assembled from a protein termed flagellin) as model protein nanofibers, we studied the mechanisms of their interaction with mucosal interface to induce immune responses length-dependently. Briefly, through tuning flagellin assembly, length-controlled protein nanofibers were prepared. The shorter nanofibers exhibited more pronounced toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and inflammasomes activation accompanied by pyroptosis, as a result of cellular uptake, lysosomal damage, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation. Accordingly, the shorter nanofibers elevated the IgA level in mucosal secretions and enhanced the serum IgG level in ovalbumin-based intranasal vaccinations. These mucosal and systematic antibody responses were correlated with the mucus penetration capacity of the nanofibers. Intranasal administration of vaccines (human papillomavirus type 16 peptides) adjuvanted with shorter nanofibers significantly elicited cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, strongly inhibiting tumor growth and improving survival rates in a TC-1 cervical cancer model. This work suggests that length-dependent immune responses of nanofibers can be elucidated for designing nanofibrous vaccines and adjuvants for both infectious diseases and cancer.
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12
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Li M, Liang Z, Chen C, Yu G, Yao Z, Guo Y, Zhang L, Bao H, Fu D, Yang X, Wang H, Xue C, Sun B. Virus-Like Particle-Templated Silica-Adjuvanted Nanovaccines with Enhanced Humoral and Cellular Immunity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10482-10495. [PMID: 35763693 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled viral proteins that represent a superior form of antigens in vaccine formulations. To enhance immunogenicity, adjuvants, especially the aluminum salts (Alum), are essentially formulated in VLP vaccines. However, Alum only induce biased humoral immune responses that limits further applications of VLP-based vaccines. To stimulate more balanced immunity, we, herein, develop a one-step strategy of using VLPs as the biotemplates to synthesize raspberry-like silica-adjuvanted VLP@Silica nanovaccines. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) VLPs and human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV 18) VLPs are selected as model templates. Circular dichroism (CD) and affinity analyses demonstrate that HBsAg VLPs in the nanovaccines maintain their secondary structure and immunogenicity, respectively. VLP@Silica promote silica dissolution-induced lysosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of antigens, and enhance the secretion of both Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Additionally, they could improve antigen trafficking and mediate DC activation in draining lymph nodes (DLNs). Vaccination study demonstrate that both HBsAg VLP@Silica and HPV 18 VLP@Silica nanovaccines induce enhanced antigen-specific antibody productions and T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses. This design strategy can utilize VLPs derived from a diversity of viruses or their variants as templates to construct both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines with improved immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Hang Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Duo Fu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
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13
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Bi S, Li M, Liang Z, Li G, Yu G, Zhang J, Chen C, Yang C, Xue C, Zuo YY, Sun B. Self-assembled aluminum oxyhydroxide nanorices with superior suspension stability for vaccine adjuvant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:238-246. [PMID: 35849857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The suspension stability of aluminum-based adjuvant (Alum) plays an important role in determining the Alum-antigen interaction and vaccine efficacy. Inclusion of excipients has been shown to stabilize antigens in vaccine formulations. However, there is no mechanistic study to tune the characteristics of Alum for improved suspension stability. Herein, a library of self-assembled rice-shaped aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoadjuvants i.e., nanorices (NRs), was synthesized through intrinsically controlled crystallization and atomic coupling-mediated aggregations. The NRs exhibited superior suspension stability in both water and a saline buffer. After adsorbing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) virus-like particles (VLPs), human papillomavirus virus (HPV) VLPs, or bovine serum albumin, NR-antigen complexes exhibited less sedimentation. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that the improved suspension stability was due to intraparticle aggregations that led to the reduction of the surface free energy. By using HBsAg in a murine vaccination model, NRs with higher aspect ratios elicited more potent humoral immune responses. Our study demonstrated that engineered control of particle aggregation provides a novel material design strategy to improve suspension stability for a diversity of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Guangle Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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14
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Engineering the hydroxyl content on aluminum oxyhydroxide nanorod for elucidating the antigen adsorption behavior. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:62. [PMID: 35739192 PMCID: PMC9226065 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the aluminum salt-based adjuvants and the antigen in the vaccine formulation is one of the determining factors affecting the immuno-potentiation effect of vaccines. However, it is not clear how the intrinsic properties of the adjuvants could affect this interaction, which limits to benefit the improvement of existing adjuvants and further formulation of new vaccines. Here, we engineered aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanorods and used a variety of antigens including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) to identify the key physicochemical properties of adjuvant that determine the antigen adsorption at the nano-bio interface between selected antigen and AlOOH nanorod adjuvant. By using various physicochemical and biophysical characterization methods, it was demonstrated that the surface hydroxyl contents of AlOOH nanorods affected the adsorptive strength of the antigen and their specific surface area determined the adsorptive capacity of the antigen. In addition, surface hydroxyl contents had an impact on the stability of the adsorbed antigen. By engineering the key intrinsic characteristics of aluminum-based adjuvants, the antigen adsorption behavior with the aluminum adjuvant could be regulated. This will facilitate the design of vaccine formulations to optimize the adsorption and stability of the antigen in vaccine.
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15
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Yin W, Xuan D, Wang H, Zhou M, Deng B, Ma F, Lu Y, Zhang J. Biodegradable Imiquimod-Loaded Mesoporous Organosilica as a Nanocarrier and Adjuvant for Enhanced and Prolonged Immunity against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Mice. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3095-3106. [PMID: 35679606 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a serious, fast-spreading, and virulent disease, has led to huge economic losses to people all over the world. Vaccines are the most effective way to control FMD. However, the weak immunogenicity of inactivated FMD virus (FMDV) requires the addition of adjuvants to enhance the immune effectiveness of the vaccines. Herein, we formulated and fabricated biodegradable dendritic mesoporous tetrasulfide-doped organosilica nanoparticles SOMSN with imiquimod complex (SOMSN-IMQ) and used it as a platform for FMD vaccine delivery and as an adjuvant. SOMSN-IMQ demonstrated excellent stability for 6 months when stored in PBS, while it could be completely degraded within 42 days in SBF at room temperature. Biosafety experiments such as cell toxicity, hemolysis, and histology indicated that the as-prepared SOMSN-IMQ showed nontoxicity and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, SOMSN-IMQ exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 1000 μg/mg for inactivated FMDV antigens. Our results showed that SOMSN-IMQ can be effectively engulfed by RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. After immunization, SOMSN-IMQ@FMDV can elicit persistent higher antibody levels, higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, and cytokine expression, which indicated that SOMSN-IMQ@FMDV triggered superior humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, SOMSN-IMQ could provoke maturation and activation of dendritic cells in lymph nodes (LDCs) as well as the proliferation of lymphocytes in vivo. Thus, SOMSN-IMQ could promote effective and potent immunity and provide a promising adjuvant platform for FMDV vaccination with acceptable safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Yin
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Dechun Xuan
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Mingxu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Bihua Deng
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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16
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Mechanistic elucidation of freezing-induced surface decomposition of aluminum oxyhydroxide adjuvant. iScience 2022; 25:104456. [PMID: 35874920 PMCID: PMC9301878 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The freezing-induced aggregation of aluminum-based (Alum) adjuvants has been considered as the most important cause of reduced vaccine potency. However, the intrinsic properties that determine the functionality of Alum after freezing have not been elucidated. In this study, we used engineered aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (AlOOH NPs) and demonstrated that cryogenic freezing led to the mechanical pressure-mediated reduction of surface hydroxyl. The sugar-based surfactant, octyl glucoside (OG), was demonstrated to shield AlOOH NPs from the freezing-induced loss of hydroxyl content and the aggregation through the reduction of recrystallization-induced mechanical stress. As a result, the antigenic adsorption property of frozen AlOOH NPs could be effectively protected. When hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was adjuvanted with OG-protected frozen AlOOH NPs in mice, the loss of immunogenicity was inhibited. These findings provide insights into the freezing-induced surface decomposition of Alum and can be translated to design of protectants to improve the stability of vaccines. The freezing stress led to the destruction of surface hydroxyl group on AlOOH NPs Octyl glucoside protected AlOOH NPs from freezing-induced surface decomposition Octyl glucoside protected vaccines from freezing-induced loss of immunogenicity
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Nazarizadeh A, Staudacher AH, Wittwer NL, Turnbull T, Brown MP, Kempson I. Aluminium Nanoparticles as Efficient Adjuvants Compared to Their Microparticle Counterparts: Current Progress and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094707. [PMID: 35563097 PMCID: PMC9101817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) compounds are used as adjuvants in human and veterinary prophylactic vaccines due to their improved tolerability compared to other adjuvants. These Al-based adjuvants form microparticles (MPs) of heterogeneous sizes ranging from ~0.5 to 10 µm and generally induce type 2 (Th2)-biased immune responses. However, recent literature indicates that moving from micron dimension particles toward the nanoscale can modify the adjuvanticity of Al towards type 1 (Th1) responses, which can potentially be exploited for the development of vaccines for which Th1 immunity is crucial. Specifically, in the context of cancer treatments, Al nanoparticles (Al-NPs) can induce a more balanced (Th1/Th2), robust, and durable immune response associated with an increased number of cytotoxic T cells compared to Al-MPs, which are more favourable for stimulating an oncolytic response. In this review, we compare the adjuvant properties of Al-NPs to those of Al-MPs in the context of infectious disease vaccines and cancer immunotherapy and provide perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nazarizadeh
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Alexander H. Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.H.S.); (N.L.W.); (M.P.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Wittwer
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.H.S.); (N.L.W.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Tyron Turnbull
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Michael P. Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.H.S.); (N.L.W.); (M.P.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.N.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-88-302-3677
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18
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Liang Z, Wang X, Yu G, Li M, Shi S, Bao H, Chen C, Fu D, Ma W, Xue C, Sun B. Mechanistic understanding of the aspect ratio-dependent adjuvanticity of engineered aluminum oxyhydroxide nanorods in prophylactic vaccines. NANO TODAY 2022; 43:101445. [PMID: 35261619 PMCID: PMC8896059 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) adjuvants are widely used in human vaccines. However, the interaction mechanisms at the material-bio interface, and further understandings on physicochemical property-dependent modulation of the immune responses still remain uncertain. Herein, a library of AlOOH nanorods with well-defined aspect ratios is designed to explore the mechanisms of adjuvanticity. The aspect ratios of AlOOH nanorods were demonstrated to be intrinsically modulated by the hydroxide supersaturation level during crystal growth, leading to the differences in surface free energy (SFE). As a result, higher aspect ratio AlOOH nanoadjuvants with lower SFE exhibited more hydrophobic surface, resulting in more membrane depolarization, cellular uptake and dendritic cell (DC) activation. By using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) virus-like particles (VLPs) or SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) as model antigens, AlOOH nanorods with higher aspect ratio were determined to elicit more potent humoral immune responses, which could be attributed to the enhanced DC activation and the efficient antigen trafficking to the draining lymph nodes. Our findings highlight the critical role of aspect ratio of AlOOH nanorods in modulating adjuvanticity, and further provide a design strategy for engineered nanoadjuvants for prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Shuting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Hang Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Duo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
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19
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Tabynov K, Orynbassar M, Yelchibayeva L, Turebekov N, Yerubayev T, Matikhan N, Yespolov T, Petrovsky N, Tabynov K. A Spike Protein-Based Subunit SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine for Pets: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy in Juvenile Cats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:815978. [PMID: 35372556 PMCID: PMC8967242 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.815978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas, multiple vaccine types have been developed to curb the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans, there are very few vaccines being developed for animals including pets. To combat the threat of human-to-animal, animal-to-animal, and animal-to-human transmission and the generation of new virus variants, we developed a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which is based on the recombinant spike protein extracellular domain expressed in insect cells and then formulated with appropriate adjuvants. Sixteen 8–12-week-old outbred female and male kittens (n = 4 per group) were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: spike protein alone; spike plus ESSAI oil-in-water (O/W) 1849102 adjuvant; spike plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvant; and a PBS control. All animals were vaccinated intramuscularly twice, 2 weeks apart, with 5 μg of spike protein in a volume of 0.5 ml. On days 0 and 28, serum samples were collected to evaluate anti-spike IgG, antibody inhibition of spike binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and delta variant viruses, and hematology studies. At day 28, all groups were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus 106 TCID50 intranasally. On day 31, tissue samples (lung, heart, and nasal turbinates) were collected for viral RNA detection, and virus titration. After two immunizations, both vaccines induced high titers of serum anti-spike IgG that inhibited spike ACE-2 binding and neutralized both wild-type and delta variant virus. Both adjuvanted vaccine formulations protected juvenile cats against virus shedding from the upper respiratory tract and viral replication in the lower respiratory tract and hearts. These promising data warrant ongoing evaluation of the vaccine's ability to protect cats against SARS-CoV-2 infection and in particular to prevent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairat Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Preclinical Research Laboratory With Vivarium, M. Aikimbayev National Research Center for Especially Dangerous Infections (NSCEDI), Almaty, Kazakhstan
- T&TvaX LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Madiana Orynbassar
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Leila Yelchibayeva
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurkeldi Turebekov
- Central Reference Laboratory, M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections (NSCEDI), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Toktassyn Yerubayev
- Central Reference Laboratory, M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections (NSCEDI), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurali Matikhan
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Tlektes Yespolov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Adelaide, SA, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kaissar Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Preclinical Research Laboratory With Vivarium, M. Aikimbayev National Research Center for Especially Dangerous Infections (NSCEDI), Almaty, Kazakhstan
- T&TvaX LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- *Correspondence: Kaissar Tabynov ;
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20
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Environmental Health and Safety of Engineered Nanomaterials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_23-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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21
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Zhang L, Liang Z, Chen C, Yang X, Fu D, Bao H, Li M, Shi S, Yu G, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang W, Xue C, Sun B. Engineered Hydroxyapatite Nanoadjuvants with Controlled Shape and Aspect Ratios Reveal Their Immunomodulatory Potentials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59662-59672. [PMID: 34894655 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been formulated as adjuvants in vaccines for human use. However, the optimal properties required for HAP nanoparticles to elicit adjuvanticity and the underlying immunopotentiation mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Herein, a library of HAP nanorods and nanospheres was synthesized to explore the effect of the particle shape and aspect ratio on the immune responses in vitro and adjuvanticity in vivo. It was demonstrated that long aspect ratio HAP nanorods induced a higher degree of cell membrane depolarization and subsequent uptake, and the internalized particles elicited cathepsin B release and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, which further led to pro-inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the physicochemical property-dependent immunostimulation capacities were correlated with their humoral responses in a murine hepatitis B surface antigen immunization model, with long aspect ratio HAP nanorods inducing higher antigen-specific antibody productions. Importantly, HAP nanorods significantly up-regulated the IFN-γ secretion and CD107α expression on CD8+ T cells in immunized mice. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that HAP nanorods with defined properties exerted immunomodulatory effects by enhanced antigen persistence and immune cell recruitments. Our study provides a rational design strategy for engineered nanomaterial-based vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Duo Fu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hang Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Caiqiao Zhang
- NCPC Genetech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050035, P. R. China
| | - Weiting Zhang
- NCPC Genetech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050035, P. R. China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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22
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Fan Z, Jan S, Hickey JC, Davies DH, Felgner J, Felgner PL, Guan Z. Multifunctional Dendronized Polypeptides for Controlled Adjuvanticity. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5074-5086. [PMID: 34788023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has been playing an important role in treating both infectious and cancerous diseases. Nevertheless, many diseases still lack proper vaccines due to the difficulty to generate sufficient amounts of antigen-specific antibodies or T cells. Adjuvants provide an important route to improve and direct immune responses. However, there are few adjuvants approved clinically and many of them lack the clear structure/adjuvanticity relationship. Here, we synthesized and evaluated a series of dendronized polypeptides (denpols) functionalized with varying tryptophan/histidine (W/H) molar ratios of 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100/0 as tunable synthetic adjuvants. The denpols showed structure-dependent inflammasome activation in THP1 monocytic cells and structure-related activation and antigen cross-presentation in vitro in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. We used the denpols with bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii antigens in vivo, which showed both high and tunable adjuvating activities, as demonstrated by the antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses. The denpols are easy to make and scalable, biodegradable, and have highly adjustable chemical structures. Taken together, denpols show great potential as a new and versatile adjuvant platform that allows us to adjust adjuvanticity based on structure-activity correlation with the aim to fine-tune the immune response, thus advancing vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sharon Jan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - James C Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - D Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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23
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Lim JW, Ahn YR, Park G, Kim HO, Haam S. Application of Nanomaterials as an Advanced Strategy for the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1570. [PMID: 34683863 PMCID: PMC8540357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses serious global health concerns with the continued emergence of new variants. The periodic outbreak of novel emerging and re-emerging infectious pathogens has elevated concerns and challenges for the future. To develop mitigation strategies against infectious diseases, nano-based approaches are being increasingly applied in diagnostic systems, prophylactic vaccines, and therapeutics. This review presents the properties of various nanoplatforms and discusses their role in the development of sensors, vectors, delivery agents, intrinsic immunostimulants, and viral inhibitors. Advanced nanomedical applications for infectious diseases have been highlighted. Moreover, physicochemical properties that confer physiological advantages and contribute to the control and inhibition of infectious diseases have been discussed. Safety concerns limit the commercial production and clinical use of these technologies in humans; however, overcoming these limitations may enable the use of nanomaterials to resolve current infection control issues via application of nanomaterials as a platform for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Yu-Rim Ahn
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Biohealth-machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Geunseon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Biohealth-machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (G.P.)
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24
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Sun Z, Qiao D, Shi Y, Barz M, Liu L, Chen Y. Precision Wormlike Nanoadjuvant Governs Potency of Vaccination. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7236-7243. [PMID: 34459617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear how the precise length of one-dimensional nanovehicles influences the characters of vaccination. Here, a unimolecular nanovehicle with tailored size and aspect ratio (AR) is applied to deliver CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist, as an adjuvant of recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen (rHBsAg), for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Cationic nanovehicles with fixed width (ca. 45 nm) but varied length (46 nm-180 nm), AR from 1 to 4, are prepared through controlled polymerization and are loaded with CpG by electrostatic interaction. We reveal that the nanoadjuvant with AR = 2 shows the highest retention in proximal lymph nodes. Importantly, it is more easily internalized into antigen-presenting cells and accumulates in the late endosome, where TLR9 is located. Such a nanoadjuvant exhibits the strongest immune response with rHBsAg to clear the hepatitis B virus in the CHB mouse model, showing that the AR of nanovehicles governs the efficiency of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongdong Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Laboratory for Biotherapeutic Delivery, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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25
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Liang Z, Yang Y, Yu G, Zhu H, Xia X, Chen C, Fu D, Li M, Cheng G, Xue C, Shi L, Zeng H, Sun B. Engineering aluminum hydroxyphosphate nanoparticles with well-controlled surface property to enhance humoral immune responses as vaccine adjuvants. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120960. [PMID: 34147722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum phosphate adjuvants play a critical role in human inactivated and subunit prophylactic vaccines. However, a major challenge is that the underlying mechanism of immune stimulation remains poorly understood, which impedes the further optimal design and application of more effective adjuvants in vaccine formulations. To address this, a library of amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate nanoparticles (AAHPs) is engineered with defined surface properties to explore the specific mechanism of adjuvanticity at the nano-bio interface. The results demonstrate that AAHPs could induce cell membrane perturbation and downstream inflammatory responses, with positively-charged particles showing the most significantly enhanced immunostimulation potentials compared to the neutral or negatively-charged particles. In a vaccine using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) recombinant protein as antigens, the positively-charged particles elicit long-lasting and enhanced humoral immunity, and provide protection in S. aureus sepsis mice models. In addition, when formulated with human papillomavirus type 18 virus-like particles, it is demonstrated that particles with positive charges outperform in promoting serum antigen-specific antibody productions. This study shows that engineering AAHPs with well-controlled physicochemical properties enable the establishment of a structure-activity relationship that is critical to instruct the design of suitable engineered nanomaterial-based adjuvants within vaccine formulations for the benefits of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yun Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Haoru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Duo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, United States
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Li Shi
- Immune Path Biotechnology (Su Zhou) Co., Ltd., Building A, 8 Chang Ting Road, DaXin Industry Park, 215151, Su Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China.
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26
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Effects on immunization of the physicochemical parameters of particles as vaccine carriers. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1712-1720. [PMID: 33737073 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination has milestone significance for the prophylactic and complete elimination of infectious diseases. However, combating malignant infectious diseases, such as Ebola or HIV, remains a challenge. It is necessary to explore novel technologies to facilitate the immune profile of vaccines. Particles exhibit a remarkable ability to modulate sophisticated immunity because of their intrinsic adjuvanticity or codelivery with immunostimulatory molecules. Recently, particles have been broadly investigated as carriers for vaccine delivery. Their physicochemical parameters (e.g., size, shape, and surface chemistry) significantly influence their in vivo fate and subsequent immunization effect. Herein, we highlight several types of particulate carrier used in the delivery of vaccines. We also examine how to engineer the physical and chemical characteristics of particulate adjuvants to make them robust candidates for a versatile vaccine delivery platform.
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27
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Tsai SJ, Black SK, Jewell CM. Leveraging the modularity of biomaterial carriers to tune immune responses. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2004119. [PMID: 33692662 PMCID: PMC7939076 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial carriers offer modular features to control the delivery and presentation of vaccines and immunotherapies. This tunability is a distinct capability of biomaterials. Understanding how tunable material features impact immune responses is important to improve vaccine and immunotherapy design, as well as clinical translation. Here we discuss the modularity of biomaterial properties as a means of controlling encounters with immune signals across scales - tissue, cell, molecular, and time - and ultimately, to direct stimulation or regulation of immune function. We highlight these advances using illustrations from recent literature across infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. As the immune engineering field matures, informed design criteria could support more rational biomaterial carriers for vaccination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Tsai
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sheneil K Black
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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28
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Liang Z, Zhu H, Wang X, Jing B, Li Z, Xia X, Sun H, Yang Y, Zhang W, Shi L, Zeng H, Sun B. Adjuvants for Coronavirus Vaccines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:589833. [PMID: 33240278 PMCID: PMC7677582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine development utilizing various platforms is one of the strategies that has been proposed to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Adjuvants are critical components of both subunit and certain inactivated vaccines because they induce specific immune responses that are more robust and long-lasting. A review of the history of coronavirus vaccine development demonstrates that only a few adjuvants, including aluminum salts, emulsions, and TLR agonists, have been formulated for the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and currently the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in experimental and pre-clinical studies. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the effects of the adjuvants tested in coronavirus vaccines. This paper presents an overview of adjuvants that have been formulated in reported coronavirus vaccine studies, which should assist with the design and selection of adjuvants with optimal efficacy and safety profiles for COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Haoru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zifan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hongwu Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiting Zhang
- NCPC Genetech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Shi
- Basic Research Department, Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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29
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Inflammasome-Mediated Immunogenicity of Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030554. [PMID: 32971761 PMCID: PMC7565252 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern vaccines, adjuvants can be sophisticated immunological tools to promote robust and long-lasting protection against prevalent diseases. However, there is an urgent need to improve immunogenicity of vaccines in order to protect mankind from life-threatening diseases such as AIDS, malaria or, most recently, COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of vaccine adjuvants, which generally trigger the innate immune system to enhance signal transition to adaptive immunity, resulting in pathogen-specific protection. Thus, improved understanding of vaccine adjuvant mechanisms may aid in the design of “intelligent” vaccines to provide robust protection from pathogens. Various commonly used clinical adjuvants, such as aluminium salts, saponins or emulsions, have been identified as activators of inflammasomes - multiprotein signalling platforms that drive activation of inflammatory caspases, resulting in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the IL-1 family. Importantly, these cytokines affect the cellular and humoral arms of adaptive immunity, which indicates that inflammasomes represent a valuable target of vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we highlight the impact of different inflammasomes on vaccine adjuvant-induced immune responses regarding their mechanisms and immunogenicity. In this context, we focus on clinically relevant adjuvants that have been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and also present various experimental adjuvants that activate the NLRP3-, NLRC4-, AIM2-, pyrin-, or non-canonical inflammasomes and could have the potential to improve future vaccines. Together, we provide a comprehensive overview on vaccine adjuvants that are known, or suggested, to promote immunogenicity through inflammasome-mediated signalling.
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Imtiaz Y, Tuga B, Smith CW, Rabideau A, Nguyen L, Liu Y, Hrapovic S, Ckless K, Sunasee R. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of Wood-Based Cationic Cellulose Nanocrystals as Potential Immunomodulators. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1603. [PMID: 32824129 PMCID: PMC7466698 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have been shown to have immunomodulatory properties. Modulation of the immune system plays a crucial role in physiological processes as well as in the treatment and/or prevention of autoimmune and infectious diseases. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are derived from cellulose, the most abundant polysaccharide on the earth. CNCs are an emerging class of crystalline nanomaterials with exceptional physico-chemical properties for high-end applications and commercialization prospects. The aim of this study was to design, synthesize, and evaluate the cytotoxicity of a series of biocompatible, wood-based, cationic CNCs as potential immunomodulators. The anionic CNCs were rendered cationic by grafting with cationic polymers having pendant +NMe3 and +NH3 moieties. The success of the synthesis of the cationic CNCs was evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and elemental analysis. No modification in the nanocrystals rod-like shape was observed in transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses. Cytotoxicity studies using three different cell-based assays (MTT, Neutral Red, and LIVE/DEAD®) and three relevant mouse and human immune cells indicated very low cytotoxicity of the cationic CNCs in all tested experimental conditions. Overall, our results showed that cationic CNCs are suitable to be further investigated as immunomodulators and potential vaccine nanoadjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Imtiaz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, NY 12901, USA; (Y.I.); (B.T.); (C.W.S.); (A.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Beza Tuga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, NY 12901, USA; (Y.I.); (B.T.); (C.W.S.); (A.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Christopher W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, NY 12901, USA; (Y.I.); (B.T.); (C.W.S.); (A.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Alexander Rabideau
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, NY 12901, USA; (Y.I.); (B.T.); (C.W.S.); (A.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Long Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, NY 12901, USA; (Y.I.); (B.T.); (C.W.S.); (A.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Yali Liu
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Sabahudin Hrapovic
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Karina Ckless
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, NY 12901, USA; (Y.I.); (B.T.); (C.W.S.); (A.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Rajesh Sunasee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, NY 12901, USA; (Y.I.); (B.T.); (C.W.S.); (A.R.); (L.N.)
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Liu S, Xia T. Continued Efforts on Nanomaterial-Environmental Health and Safety Is Critical to Maintain Sustainable Growth of Nanoindustry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000603. [PMID: 32338451 PMCID: PMC7694868 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is enjoying an impressive growth and the global nanotechnology industry is expected to exceed US$ 125 billion by 2024. Based on these successes, there are notions that enough is known and efforts on engineered nanomaterial environmental health and safety (nano-EHS) research should be put on the back burner. However, there are recent events showing that it is not the case. The US Food and Drug Administration found ferumoxytol (carbohydrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle) for anemia treatment could induce lethal anaphylactic reactions. The European Union will categorize TiO2 as a category 2 carcinogen due to its inhalation hazard and France banned use of TiO2 (E171) in food from January 1, 2020 because of its carcinogenic potential. Although nanoindustry is seemingly in a healthy state, growth could be hindered for the lack of certainty and more nano-EHS research is needed for the sustainable growth of nanoindustry. Herein, the current knowledge gaps and the way forward are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Wang X, Chang CH, Jiang J, Liu X, Li J, Liu Q, Liao YP, Li L, Nel AE, Xia T. Mechanistic Differences in Cell Death Responses to Metal-Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000528. [PMID: 32337854 PMCID: PMC7263057 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system in the liver is a frequent target for nanoparticles (NPs). A toxicological profiling of metal-based NPs is performed in Kupffer cell (KC) and hepatocyte cell lines. Sixteen NPs are provided by the Nanomaterial Health Implications Research Consortium of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to study the toxicological effects in KUP5 (KC) and Hepa 1-6 cells. Five NPs (Ag, CuO, ZnO, SiO2 , and V2 O5 ) exhibit cytotoxicity in both cell types, while SiO2 and V2 O5 induce IL-1β production in KC. Ag, CuO, and ZnO induced caspase 3 generated apoptosis in both cell types is accompanied by ion shedding and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both cell types. However, the cell death response to SiO2 in KC differs by inducing pyroptosis as a result of potassium efflux, caspase 1 activation, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, IL-1β release, and cleavage of gasdermin-D. This releases pore-performing peptide fragments responsible for pyroptotic cell swelling. Interestingly, although V2 O5 induces IL-1β release and delays caspase 1 activation by vanadium ion interference in membrane Na+ /K+ adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, the major cell death mechanism in KC (and Hepa 1-6) is caspase 3 mediated apoptosis. These findings improve the understanding of the mechanisms of metal-based engineered nanomaterial (ENM) toxicity in liver cells toward comprehensive safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Jiulong Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Linjiang Li
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
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Liu Y, Zhu X, Lu Y, Wang X, Zhang C, Sun H, Ma G. Antigen-Inorganic Hybrid Flowers-Based Vaccines with Enhanced Room Temperature Stability and Effective Anticancer Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900660. [PMID: 31583853 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Particle-based antigen carriers as adjuvants play an important role in vaccine development. Herein, an antigen-inorganic hybrid flower-like particle is developed as a novel vaccine carrier. Model antigen ovalbumin (OVA)-copper (II) sulfate hybrid vaccines (OVA-Cu-HVs) are mildly and facilely constructed through a biomimetic mineralization process. OVA-Cu-HVs facilitate cellular uptake in antigen-presenting cells and the internalization of OVA-Cu-HVs involves macropinocytosis-mediated endocytosis. OVA-Cu-HVs can release OVA in a pH-responsive behavior and promote cytosolic release of antigen to enhance antigen cross-presentation. Immunization with OVA-Cu-HVs promotes the maturation of dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, induces robust antigen-specific T lymphocyte response, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. In addition, OVA-Cu-HVs are efficacious after being stored for 4 weeks at room temperature and are expected to simplify vaccine storage and lower the cost of cold storage for transportation. Looking forward, OVA-Cu-HVs may hold strong potential to be as an effective vaccine delivery platform, which will facilitate the application of organic-inorganic hybrid flowers in biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Liu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of BiomaterialsInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 236# Baidi Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Xianghui Zhu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of BiomaterialsInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 236# Baidi Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Yan Lu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of BiomaterialsInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 236# Baidi Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of BiomaterialsInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 236# Baidi Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Chuangnian Zhang
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of BiomaterialsInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 236# Baidi Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Hongfan Sun
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of BiomaterialsInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 236# Baidi Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Guilei Ma
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of BiomaterialsInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 236# Baidi Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300192 China
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Wang X, Chang CH, Jiang J, Liu Q, Liao YP, Lu J, Li L, Liu X, Kim J, Ahmed A, Nel AE, Xia T. The Crystallinity and Aspect Ratio of Cellulose Nanomaterials Determine Their Pro-Inflammatory and Immune Adjuvant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901642. [PMID: 31461215 PMCID: PMC6800804 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is increasingly considered for applications; however, the fibrillar nature, crystalline phase, and surface reactivity of these high aspect ratio nanomaterials need to be considered for safe biomedical use. Here a comprehensive analysis of the impact of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and nanocrystals (CNC) is performed using materials provided by the Nanomaterial Health Implications Research Consortium of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. An intermediary length of nanocrystals is also derived by acid hydrolysis. While all CNFs and CNCs are devoid of cytotoxicity, 210 and 280 nm fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled CNCs show higher cellular uptake than longer and shorter CNCs or CNFs. Moreover, CNCs in the 200-300 nm length scale are more likely to induce lysosomal damage, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and IL-1β production than CNFs. The pro-inflammatory effects of CNCs are correlated with higher crystallinity index, surface hydroxyl density, and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, CNFs and CNCs can induce maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and CNCs (and to a lesser extent CNFs) are found to exert adjuvant effects in ovalbumin (OVA)-injected mice, particularly for 210 and 280 nm CNCs. All considered, the data demonstrate the importance of length scale, crystallinity, and surface reactivity in shaping the innate immune response to nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Linjiang Li
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Joshua Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
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Ma R, Zheng H, Liu Q, Wu D, Li W, Xu S, Cai X, Li R. Exploring the interactions between engineered nanomaterials and immune cells at 3D nano-bio interfaces to discover potent nano-adjuvants. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102037. [PMID: 31220596 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as adjuvants can potentiate the adaptive immune responses to antigens by activating immune cells in three dimensional (3D) matrixes of tissues. However, few reports explored the interactions of nano-adjuvants and immune cells at 3D nano-bio interfaces. Herein we designed an alginate-calcium microsphere of macrophage cells to explore the interactions. By an extensive comparison of ENM-induced cytokines in 2D and 3D cultured cells, IL-1β released in 3D microspheres was found to be a predictive biomarker to assess ENM-induced immune responses in vivo. Among nine representative ENMs, La2O3 boosts the highest adaptive humoral immune response, even stronger than clinically used Alum adjuvant. It could be attributed to the biotransformation of La2O3 from spherical particles into urchin-like LaPO4, resulting in strong biopersistence and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings could be potentially used for the high throughput screening of nano-adjuvants from increasingly invented ENMs to speed up their clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huizhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Imitation of nature: Bionic design in the study of particle adjuvants. J Control Release 2019; 303:101-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Shi S, Zhu H, Xia X, Liang Z, Ma X, Sun B. Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity. Vaccine 2019; 37:3167-3178. [PMID: 31047671 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending on the type of diseases and immune responses required, adjuvants with different design strategies are developed. With aluminum salt-based adjuvants as the most used ones in commercial vaccines, other limited adjuvants, e.g., AS01, AS03, AS04, CpG ODN, and MF59, are used in FDA-approved vaccines for human use. In this paper, we review the uses of different adjuvants in vaccines including the ones used in FDA-approved vaccines and vaccines under clinical investigations. We discuss how adjuvants with different formulations could affect the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune response for optimized protection against specific pathogens. We emphasize the molecular mechanisms of various adjuvants, with the aim to establish structure-activity relationships (SARs) for designing more effective and safer adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Haoru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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Chen Y, Yang F, Yang J, Hou Y, He L, Hu H, Lv F. Aluminum (oxy) Hydroxide Nanorods Activate an Early Immune Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43533-43542. [PMID: 30480997 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial vaccines have been widely used to prevent infectious diseases, especially in veterinary medicine. Although there are many reports on bacterin adjuvants, only a few contain innovations in bacterin adjuvants. Taking this into consideration, in this study we designed and synthesized a new aluminum (oxy) hydroxide (AlOOH) nanorod (Al-NR) with a diameter of 200 ± 80 nm and a length of 1.1 ± 0.6 μm. Using whole- Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as antigens, we showed that the bacterial antigens of P. aeruginosa PAO1 adsorbed on the Al-NRs induced a quick and stronger antigen-specific antibody response than those of the other control groups, especially in the early stage of immunization. Furthermore, the level of antigen-specific IgG was approximately 4-fold higher than that of the no adjuvant group and 2.5-fold higher than those of other adjuvant groups in the first week after the initial immunization. The potent adjuvant activity of the Al-NRs was attributed to the rapid presentation of antigen adsorbed on them by APCs. Additionally, Al-NRs induced a milder local inflammation than the other adjuvants. In short, we confirmed that Al-NRs, enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses, are a potentially promising vaccine adjuvant delivery system for inhibiting the whole- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Chen
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Leilei He
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong 637000 , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Lv
- College of Bioengineering, "111 Project" Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P.R. China
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Shardlow E, Mold M, Exley C. Unraveling the enigma: elucidating the relationship between the physicochemical properties of aluminium-based adjuvants and their immunological mechanisms of action. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 14:80. [PMID: 30455719 PMCID: PMC6223008 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium salts are by far the most commonly used adjuvants in vaccines. There are only two aluminium salts which are used in clinically-approved vaccines, Alhydrogel® and AdjuPhos®, while the novel aluminium adjuvant used in Gardasil® is a sulphated version of the latter. We have investigated the physicochemical properties of these two aluminium adjuvants and specifically in milieus approximating to both vaccine vehicles and the composition of injection sites. Additionally we have used a monocytic cell line to establish the relationship between their physicochemical properties and their internalisation and cytotoxicity. We emphasise that aluminium adjuvants used in clinically approved vaccines are chemically and biologically dissimilar with concomitantly potentially distinct roles in vaccine-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Shardlow
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Matthew Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
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Quach QH, Ang SK, Chu JHJ, Kah JCY. Size-dependent neutralizing activity of gold nanoparticle-based subunit vaccine against dengue virus. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:224-235. [PMID: 30099200 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue results in substantial human morbidity and significant socio-economic impacts, but a specific dengue therapeutic is not available. The currently available dengue vaccine has low efficacy and high rate of adverse effects, necessitating different strategies for the development of a safer and more efficient vaccine against dengue virus. We describe here a hybrid combination of different-sized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and domain III of envelope glycoprotein derived from serotype 2 of dengue virus (EDIII) as dengue subunit vaccine. The efficacy of the EDIII-functionalized AuNPs (AuNP-E) to induce neutralizing antibody in BALB/c mice is evaluated. Obtained results show that AuNP-E induced a high level of antibody which mediates serotype-specific neutralization of dengue virus. More importantly, the level of antibody is dependent on both the size of AuNPs and the concentration of AuNP-E, implicating the possibility to modulate it through adjusting these parameters. These results represent an important step towards the development of tetravalent AuNP-based subunit dengue vaccine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This research presents a novel subunit vaccine against dengue virus using a hybrid comprising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and domain III of envelop protein (EDIII). We proved the neutralizing activity of anti-EDIII antibody induced in immunized mice on Dengue virus serotype 2 in an AuNP core size and concentration dependent manner. The hybrid concept behind this work could also be adopted for the development of a tetravalent vaccine against four serotypes of Dengue virus.
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Li C, Zhang X, Chen Q, Zhang J, Li W, Hu H, Zhao X, Qiao M, Chen D. Synthetic Polymeric Mixed Micelles Targeting Lymph Nodes Trigger Enhanced Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2874-2889. [PMID: 29285934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that lymph nodes (LNs) are critical targets of cancer vaccines because antigen presentation and initiation of T-cell-mediated immune responses occur primarily at these locations. In this study, amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEOz-PLA) combined with carboxylterminated-Pluronic F127 was used to construct mixed micelles [carboxylated-nanoparticles (NPs)] for codelivery of antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and Toll-like receptor-7 agonist CL264 (carboxylated-NPs/OVA/CL264) to the LN-resident dendritic cells (DCs). The results showed that the small, sub-60 nm size of the self-assembled mixed micelles enables them to rapidly penetrate into lymphatic vessels and reach draining lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection. Furthermore, the surface modification with carboxylic groups imparted the carboxylated-NPs with endocytic receptor-targeting ability, allowing for DC internalization of carboxylated-NPs/OVA/CL264 via the scavenger receptor-mediated pathway. Because stimulation of CL264 in early endosomes will lead to a more effective immune response than that in late endo/lysosomes, the mass ratio of PEOz-PLA to carboxylated-Pluronic F127 in the mixed micelles was adjusted to release the encapsulated CL264 to the early endosome, resulting in increased expression of costimulatory molecules and secretion of stimulated cytokines by DCs. Moreover, the incorporation of PEOz outside the micellar shell effectively augmented MHC I antigen presentation through facilitating endosome escape and cytosolic release of antigens. This in turn evoked potent immune responses in vivo, including activation of antigen-specific T-cell responses, production of antigen-specific IgG antibodies, and generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Finally, immunization with the codelivery system in E.G7-OVA tumor-bearing mice could not only significantly inhibit tumor growth but also markedly prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, carboxylated-NPs/OVA/CL264 have demonstrated great potential for clinical applications as an effective antitumor vaccine for further immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiulong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wenpan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Mingxi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
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