1
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Zakaria Y, Aïssa B, Fix T, Ahzi S, Mansour S, Slaoui A. Moderate temperature deposition of RF magnetron sputtered SnO 2-based electron transporting layer for triple cation perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9100. [PMID: 37277370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still facing the two main challenges of stability and scalability to meet the requirements for their potential commercialization. Therefore, developing a uniform, efficient, high quality and cost-effective electron transport layer (ETL) thin film to achieve a stable PSC is one of the key factors to address these main issues. Magnetron sputtering deposition has been widely used for its high quality thin film deposition as well as its ability to deposit films uniformly on large area at the industrial scale. In this work, we report on the composition, structural, chemical state, and electronic properties of moderate temperature radio frequency (RF) sputtered SnO2. Ar and O2 are employed as plasma-sputtering and reactive gases, respectively. We demonstrate the possibility to grow a high quality and stable SnO2 thin films with high transport properties by reactive RF magnetron sputtering. Our findings show that PSC devices based on the sputtered SnO2 ETL have reached a power conversion efficiency up to 17.10% and an average operational lifetime over 200 h. These uniform sputtered SnO2 thin films with improved characteristics are promising for large photovoltaic modules and advanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zakaria
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratoire ICube‑CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67037, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Aïssa
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
| | - T Fix
- Laboratoire ICube‑CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67037, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Ahzi
- Laboratoire ICube‑CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67037, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Mansour
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Slaoui
- Laboratoire ICube‑CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67037, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Xiao C, Zhai Y, Song Z, Wang K, Wang C, Jiang CS, Beard MC, Yan Y, Al-Jassim M. Operando Characterizations of Light-Induced Junction Evolution in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20909-20916. [PMID: 37071499 PMCID: PMC10165603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced performance changes in metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been studied intensively over the last decade, but little is known about the variation in microscopic optoelectronic properties of the perovskite heterojunctions in a completed device during operation. Here, we combine Kelvin probe force microscopy and transient reflection spectroscopy techniques to spatially resolve the evolution of junction properties during the operation of metal-halide PSCs and study the light-soaking effect. Our analysis showed a rise of an electric field at the hole-transport layer side, convoluted with a more reduced interfacial recombination rate at the electron-transport layer side in the PSCs with an n-i-p structure. The junction evolution is attributed to the effects of ion migration and self-poling by built-in voltage. Device performances are correlated with the changes of electrostatic potential distribution and interfacial carrier dynamics. Our results demonstrate a new route for studying the complex operation mechanism in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiao Xiao
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yaxin Zhai
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhaoning Song
- The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Kang Wang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Changlei Wang
- The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Chun-Sheng Jiang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yanfa Yan
- The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Mowafak Al-Jassim
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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3
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He R, Yi Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Wei Q, Lai H, Huang H, Zou B, Cui G, Wang W, Xiao C, Ren S, Chen C, Wang C, Xing G, Fu F, Zhao D. Pure 2D Perovskite Formation by Interfacial Engineering Yields a High Open-Circuit Voltage beyond 1.28 V for 1.77-eV Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203210. [PMID: 36372551 PMCID: PMC9799022 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface post-treatment using ammonium halides effectively reduces large open-circuit voltage (VOC ) losses in bromine-rich wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear and the device efficiency lags largely behind. Here, a facile strategy of precisely tailoring the phase purity of 2D perovskites on top of 3D WBG perovskite and realizing high device efficiency is reported. The transient absorption spectra, cross-sectional confocal photoluminescence mapping, and cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy are combined to demonstrate optimal defect passivation effect and surface electric-field of pure n = 1 2D perovskites formed atop 3D WBG perovskites via low-temperature annealing. As a result, the inverted champion device with 1.77-eV perovskite absorber achieves a high VOC of 1.284 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.72%, delivering the smallest VOC deficit of 0.486 V among WBG PSCs with a bandgap higher than 1.75 eV. This enables one to achieve a four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell with a PCE exceeding 25% by combining with a 1.25-eV low-bandgap PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Zongjin Yi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Qi Wei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacauAvenida da Universidade, TaipaMacau999078P. R. China
| | - Huagui Lai
- Laboratory for Thin Films and PhotovoltaicsEmpa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyUeberlandstrasse 129DuebendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Hao Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non‐ferrous Metals and Featured MaterialsSchool of Resources, Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non‐ferrous Metals and Featured MaterialsSchool of Resources, Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning530004P. R. China
| | - Guangyao Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Wenwu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Chuanxiao Xiao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo New Material Testing and Evaluation Center Co., LtdNingbo City315201P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Changlei Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologyKey Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of ChinaSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacauAvenida da Universidade, TaipaMacau999078P. R. China
| | - Fan Fu
- Laboratory for Thin Films and PhotovoltaicsEmpa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyUeberlandstrasse 129DuebendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Dewei Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low‐Carbon TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & DevicesMinistry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
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4
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Zhang F, Park SY, Yao C, Lu H, Dunfield SP, Xiao C, Uličná S, Zhao X, Du Hill L, Chen X, Wang X, Mundt LE, Stone KH, Schelhas LT, Teeter G, Parkin S, Ratcliff EL, Loo YL, Berry JJ, Beard MC, Yan Y, Larson BW, Zhu K. Metastable Dion-Jacobson 2D structure enables efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Science 2022; 375:71-76. [PMID: 34822309 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The performance of three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be enhanced through surface treatment with 2D layered perovskites that have efficient charge transport. We maximized hole transport across the layers of a metastable Dion-Jacobson (DJ) 2D perovskite that tuned the orientational arrangements of asymmetric bulky organic molecules. The reduced energy barrier for hole transport increased out-of-plane transport rates by a factor of 4 to 5, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the 2D PSC was 4.9%. With the metastable DJ 2D surface layer, the PCE of three common 3D PSCs was enhanced by approximately 12 to 16% and could reach approximately 24.7%. For a triple-cation–mixed-halide PSC, 90% of the initial PCE was retained after 1000 hours of 1-sun operation at ~40°C in nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - So Yeon Park
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Canglang Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.,Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Haipeng Lu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Sean P Dunfield
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Chuanxiao Xiao
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Soňa Uličná
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Linze Du Hill
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Xihan Chen
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.,Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Laura E Mundt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kevin H Stone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Laura T Schelhas
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Glenn Teeter
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Erin L Ratcliff
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joseph J Berry
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.,Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bryon W Larson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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5
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Mahapatra AD, Lee JW. Metal oxide charge transporting layers for stable high-performance perovskite solar cells. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in metal oxide charge transporting layers to achieve stable high-performance perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Das Mahapatra
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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6
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Surface lattice engineering through three-dimensional lead iodide perovskitoid for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Chen T, Sun Z, Liang M, Xue S. Correlating hysteresis phenomena with interfacial charge accumulation in perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:245-251. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A generalized charge exchange model is introduced into drift–diffusion equations for modeling the charge extraction in perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Mao Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
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8
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Shi S, Li J, Bu T, Yang S, Xiao J, Peng Y, Li W, Zhong J, Ku Z, Cheng YB, Huang F. Room-temperature synthesized SnO 2 electron transport layers for efficient perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9946-9950. [PMID: 35520928 PMCID: PMC9062405 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tin oxide (SnO2) is widely used as electron transport layer (ETL) material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Numerous synthesis methods for SnO2 have been reported, but they all require a proper thermal treatment for the SnO2 ETLs. Herein we present a simple method to synthesize SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature. By using butyl acetate as a precipitator and a proper UV-Ozone treatment to remove Cl residuals, excellent SnO2 ETLs were obtained without any thermal annealing. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the prepared PSCs was 19.22% for reverse scan (RS) and 18.79% for forward scan (FS). Furthermore, flexible PSCs were fabricated with high PCEs of 15.27%/14.74% (RS/FS). The low energy consuming SnO2 ETLs therefore show great promise for the flexible PSCs' commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Tongle Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Shili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Junyan Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Zhiliang Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University VIC 3800 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Fuzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China
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9
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Ju Y, Park SY, Han HS, Jung HS. Point defect-reduced colloidal SnO 2 electron transport layers for stable and almost hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7334-7337. [PMID: 35519987 PMCID: PMC9061193 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The commercialization of perovskite solar cells has been investigated, but the instability of their light-absorbing layers remains a problem. We demonstrate that the use of colloidal SnO2 nanoparticles prevents perovskite light absorber decomposition, reduces the hysteresis index to 0.1%, and increases the power conversion efficiency to 19.12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonkyeong Ju
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford USA
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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10
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Chen X, Lai J, Shen Y, Chen Q, Chen L. Functional Scanning Force Microscopy for Energy Nanodevices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802490. [PMID: 30133000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Energy nanodevices, including energy conversion and energy storage devices, have become a major cross-disciplinary field in recent years. These devices feature long-range electron and ion transport coupled with chemical transformation, which call for novel characterization tools to understand device operation mechanisms. In this context, recent developments in functional scanning force microscopy techniques and their application in thin-film photovoltaic devices and lithium batteries are reviewed. The advantages of scanning force microscopy, such as high spatial resolution, multimodal imaging, and the possibility of in situ and in operando imaging, are emphasized. The survey indicates that functional scanning force microscopy is making significant contributions in understanding materials and interfaces in energy nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Lai
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Shen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
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11
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Park SY, Baek MY, Ju Y, Kim DH, Moon CS, Noh JH, Jung HS. Simultaneous Ligand Exchange Fabrication of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells using Newly Synthesized Uniform Tin Oxide Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5460-5467. [PMID: 30170492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) have a significant potential for future photovoltaic systems because of a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 23% using solution processing methods. A low-temperature processed oxide layer is a challenging issue for large-scale manufacture of flexible and low-cost HPSCs. Here, we propose a simple reverse micelle-water injection method for highly dispersed ligand-capped ultrafine SnO2 quantum dots (QD). Interestingly, we observed that the ligands, which help in the formation of a uniform SnO2 QD thin film, spontaneously exchange for halide through a perovskite solution, and finally we form a suitable SnO2 QD-halide junction for high-performance HPSCs. The flexible HPSC with the SnO2 QD-halide junction formed via the ligand exchange exhibits a high PCE of 17.7% using a flexible substrate. It also shows an excellent flexibility, where the initial PCE is maintained within 92% after 1000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 18 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Baek
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyeon Ju
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoe Kim
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Chan Su Moon
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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12
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Han D, Wu C, Zhang Q, Wei S, Qi X, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Xiao L, Zhao Z. Solution-Processed Cu 9S 5 as a Hole Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31535-31540. [PMID: 30152687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have seen tremendous developments in recent years. As a hole transport material, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis( N, N-di- p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) is widely used in n-i-p perovskite solar cells. However, it may lead to the perovskite film degradation due to the dopant lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (Li-TFSI), which has strong hydrophilicity. Cu9S5 is considered as a superior p-type transport material, which also has a favorable energy level matching with the highest occupied molecular orbital of Spiro-OMeTAD. Herein, a solution-processed organic-inorganic-integrated hole transport layer was reported, which is composed of the undoped Spiro-OMeTAD and Cu9S5 layer. Since there is no Li-TFSI doping, it is extremely conductive to the long-term stability of the solar cells. In the meantime, we proposed a method to adjust the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of SnO2 via nitrogen implantation (N:SnO2). The LUMO of SnO2 can be tuned from -4.33 to -3.91 eV, which matches well with the LUMO of CH3NH3PbI3 (-3.90 eV), and thus helps to reduce hysteresis. The modified hole and electron transport layers were applied in n-i-p perovskite solar cells, which achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.10 and 96% retention of PCE after 1200 h in air atmosphere without any encapsulation.
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