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Sun Y, Yin W, Yao Q, Ren X, Song J, Dai Y. Temporal modulation toward femtosecond laser-induced nonlinear ionization process. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6045-6048. [PMID: 37219168 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The temporal chirp of single femtosecond (fs) pulses will affect the laser-induced ionization process. By comparing the ripples induced by negatively and positively chirped pulses (NCPs and PCPs), the growth rate showed a significant difference, resulting in a depth inhomogeneity of up to 144%. A carrier density model tailored with temporal characteristics showed that NCPs could excite a higher peak carrier density, contributing to a highly efficient generation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and overall advancement of the ionization rate. Such distinction originates from their contrary incident spectrum sequences. Current work reveals that temporal chirp modulation can control the carrier density in ultrafast laser-matter interaction, which possibly brings an unusual acceleration for surface structure processing.
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2
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Xiao C, Feng J, Xu H, Xu R, Zhou T. Scalable Strategy to Directly Prepare 2D and 3D Liquid Metal Circuits Based on Laser-Induced Selective Metallization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20000-20013. [PMID: 35467834 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selective wetting of a gallium-based liquid metal on copper circuits is one of the ways to prepare liquid metal circuits. However, the complex fabrication processes of an adhesion layer between copper circuits (or patterns) and substrates were still inevitable, limiting scalable applications. Our work developed a facile way to directly prepare 2D and 3D liquid metal circuits by combining laser-induced selective metallization and selective wetting for the first time. The copper template was obtained on elastomers using laser-induced selective metallization, and high-resolution liquid metal circuits were fabricated by brushing Galinstan on the copper template in the alkali solution. The distribution of Cu element not only was on the top surface but also extended to the interior of the elastomer substrate. This revealed that the Cu layer prepared by laser-induced selective metallization is born to firmly embed into the substrate, which endowed the circuits with strong adhesion, reaching the highest 5B level. Moreover, the prepared liquid metal circuits (or patterns) had a typical layered structure. The liquid metal circuits exhibit good flexibility, stretchability, self-healing ability, and acid-alkaline resistance. Compared with the traditional methods of patterning liquid metals, fabricating liquid metal circuits based on laser-induced selective metallization has irreplaceable advantages, such as strong adhesion between circuits and substrate, fabricating 3D circuits, good acid-alkaline resistance, cost-effectiveness, maskless use, time savings, arbitrary design of patterns, and convenient operation, which endow this method with great application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Xu J, Zhu T, Shi J, Song B, Zhang L, Zhao D, Dong X, Bi N, Gou J, Jia L. A dual-stimuli-responsive intelligent layered lanthanide hydroxide for application in information security and latent fingerprint identification. J RARE EARTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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AlQattan B, Doocey J, Ali M, Ahmed I, Salih AE, Alam F, Bajgrowicz-Cieslak M, Yetisen AK, Elsherif M, Butt H. Direct Printing of Nanostructured Holograms on Consumable Substrates. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2340-2349. [PMID: 33523623 PMCID: PMC8023709 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct texturing of nanostructures on consumable substrates and products is a challenge because of incompatible ingredients and materials' properties. Here, we developed a direct laser-based method to print nanostructured holograms on dried films of consumable corn syrup solutions. A holographic laser (λ = 1050 nm) interference system was used to construct the nanostructures of the holograms on food for rainbow effects. The relationship between wavelength and periodicity contributed to the changing diffraction angle through the change of the refractive index (1.642). Increasing the sugar concentration (25-175 mg) in the syrup increased the diffraction efficiency of these holograms. The added amount of sugar in the composition increased the refractive index (7%) and decreased the light absorption (12.9%), which influenced the change of diffraction angle by 4.4°. The surface holograms displayed wideband visual diffraction of light extending from violet to red wavelengths. These holograms on edible materials can be imprinted onto commercial food products for adding aesthetic value and controlling perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader AlQattan
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, School of Engineering, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joelle Doocey
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, School of Engineering, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Murad Ali
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Israr Ahmed
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed E. Salih
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad Alam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Elsherif
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider Butt
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- . Tel.: +971 2 401 8168
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5
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Jia L, Zhang B, Xu J, Zhu T, Chen R, Zhou F. Chameleon Luminophore for Erasable Encrypted and Decrypted Devices: From Dual-Channel, Programmable, Smart Sensory Lanthanide Hydrogel to Logic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19955-19964. [PMID: 32252519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the data security technology, increasing attention has been paid to programmable memory materials with desirable security. However, most conventional memory devices only have a single switchable color state. In this research, a kind of pH-responsive Chameleon luminescent sensor (Lap@Eu-OFX, Lap = laponite, OFX = ofloxacin) based on lanthanide doping has been fabricated, which can realize highly contrast, dynamically controlled full-color display by changing the pH value of the solution. The advanced programmable security inks, including the green and red luminescent inks, have been prepared and used to protect confidential information. More interestingly, triethylamine and hydrochloric acid are selected as encryption and decryption reagents, which can repeatedly switch the emission color of important data. Hence, the high-tech security inks show great potential in data coding, multiencryption, and decryption under UV light. Furthermore, the designed dual-channel memory device, Lap@Eu-OFX@CS (CS = Chitosan), enables reversible synchronous switching of sol-gel and emission color when converting from acid to base conditions. This can be dynamically monitored by a subsequent logic gate system and can be converted and stored into binary values. This work provides an effective approach for the design and promising application of information encryptor, smart monitor, and circuit controllers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China
| | - Tinghui Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China
| | - Rujie Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Tang H, Alqattan B, Jackson T, Pikramenou Z, Sun XW, Wang K, Butt H. Cost-Efficient Printing of Graphene Nanostructures on Smart Contact Lenses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10820-10828. [PMID: 32039575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smart contact lenses have been put forward for years, but there is still no commercial product in the market; the high cost due to expensive fabrication techniques could be one of the reasons. In this paper, first, a cost-efficient and reliable route to fabricate graphene grating on contact lens was designed and demonstrated based on the direct laser interference patterning graphene film on commercial contact lenses using an Nd:YAG laser. The thickness of the film and the interference angle have been taken into consideration. Optical characterization and simulation have been applied to evaluate the quality of our final achieved grating patterns with a grating size from 0.92 to 3.04 μm. Two-dimensional (2D) patterns could also be obtained through double-time laser interference. Contact angles for samples with different interference angles were presented considering the service environment of smart contact lenses. Of course, the conductivity of the samples was evaluated using a four-probe method. The most conductive sample had the sheet resistance lower than 30 Ω/sq. This research study highlighted the possibility of patterning graphene with the laser ablation method and provided a candidate solution for the fabrication of smart contact lenses under controlled cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bader Alqattan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Tim Jackson
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Zoe Pikramenou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Xiao Wei Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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AlQattan B, Benton D, Yetisen AK, Butt H. Conformable Holographic Photonic Ink Sensors Based on Adhesive Tapes for Strain Measurements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29147-29157. [PMID: 31318192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Buildings, bridges, and aircrafts are frequently exposed to fluctuation loads, which could start with a fine crack that instantly leads to unpredictable structure failures. The stationary strain sensors can be utilized, but they are costly and only detect limited deformation forms and sizes. Here, we fabricated photonic strain sensors on adhesive tapes, which can provide real-time monitoring of irregular surfaces. Holographic interference patterning was used to produce nonlinear curved nanostructures of one dimensional (1D) (900 nm × 880 nm) and two dimensional (2D) from a black dye film on a robust uniform adhesive layer and heat resistance tape. The patterned structure of the black dye was stable in broad pH environments. Diffracted light from the curved nanostructure detected the signal during structural damage, a shift or material tear of 5 με at less than 1.3 N cm-2. Additionally, the 2D nanostructure detected a surface change from x or y axis. Tilting the 1D structure within a range of 0.3° to 14.2° provided visible wavelength changes under broadband light to reveal early deflection signs. The curved nanopatterns could be also used for transferable holographic symbol design. Photonic nanopatterns on an adhesive tape could be used as a rapid response, conformable, lightweight, and low-cost dynamic strain sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader AlQattan
- School of Engineering , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - David Benton
- Aston Institute of Photonics Technologies , Aston University , Birmingham B4 7ET , U.K
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , Khalifa University, Masdar City Campus , Abu Dhabi 127788 , United Arab Emirates
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Zhang J, Feng J, Jia L, Zhang H, Zhang G, Sun S, Zhou T. Laser-Induced Selective Metallization on Polymer Substrates Using Organocopper for Portable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13714-13723. [PMID: 30888140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Our work proposed a facile strategy for selective fabrication of the precise metalized patterns onto polymer substrates through the laser direct structuring (LDS) technology using organocopper compounds. Copper oxalate (CuC2O4) and copper acetylacetonate [Cu(acac)2] which can be used as laser sensitizers were first introduced into an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) matrix for preparing LDS materials. After the activation with 1064 nm pulsed near-infrared laser, the Cu0 (metal copper) was generated from CuC2O4 and Cu(acac)2 and then served as catalyst species for the electroless copper plating (ECP). A series of characterizations were conducted to investigate the morphology and analyze the surface chemistry of ABS/CuC2O4 and ABS/Cu(acac)2 composites. Specially, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that 58.3% Cu2+ in ABS/CuC2O4 was reduced to Cu0, while this value was 63.9% for ABS/Cu(acac)2. After 30 min ECP, the conductivities of copper circuit on ABS/CuC2O4 and ABS/Cu(acac)2 composites were 1.22 × 107 and 1.58 × 107 Ω-1·m-1, respectively. Moreover, the decorated patterns and near-field communication circuit were demonstrated by this LDS technology. We believe that this study paves the way for developing organocopper-based LDS materials, which have the potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Liyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Gaixia Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
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Alqurashi T, Alnufaili M, Hassan MU, Aloufi S, Yetisen AK, Butt H. Laser Inscription of Microfluidic Devices for Biological Assays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12253-12260. [PMID: 30868879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and direct CO2 laser ablation method was developed to create superhydrophilic surfaces and arrays of hydrophobic-superhydrophilic patterns for application in bioassays. Here, a combination of superhydrophilic and hemiwicking wetting characteristics was exploited to create microfluidic slides that were used as biological assays that prevented cell aggregation. This feature allowed microscopic analyses to be carried out at the individual cell level. This bioassay enabled control of cell population in localized areas (15 cells cm-2). The device had 84% transparency, allowing direct fluorescence microscopy measurements in transmission mode. High adhesion of aqueous fluids on superhydrophilic areas surrounded by superhydrophobic boundaries provided selective retention and confinement. The adhered droplets maintained retention under 180° substrate tilt. These architectures provided rapid self-partitioning of the liquid into an array of droplets. The hydrophobic-superhydrophilic patterned arrays may have applications in microfluidic bioassays, high-throughput screening, and medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfiq Alqurashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , Shaqra University , P.O. Box 90, Zip Code 11921 Dawadmi , Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ London , U.K
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi 127788 , UAE
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AlQattan B, Yetisen AK, Butt H. Direct Laser Writing of Nanophotonic Structures on Contact Lenses. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5130-5140. [PMID: 29688698 PMCID: PMC6107297 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Contact lenses are ubiquitous biomedical devices used for vision correction and cosmetic purposes. Their application as quantitative analytical devices is highly promising for point-of-care diagnostics. However, it is a challenge to integrate nanoscale features into commercial contact lenses for application in low-cost biosensors. A neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1064 nm, 3 ns pulse, 240 mJ) in holographic interference patterning mode was utilized to produce optical nanostructures over the surface of a hydrogel contact lens. One-dimensional (925 nm) and two-dimensional (925 nm × 925 nm) nanostructures were produced on contact lenses and analyzed by spectroscopy and angle-resolve measurements. The holographic properties of these nanostructures were tested in ambient moisture, fully hydrated, and artificial tear conditions. The measurements showed a rapid tuning of optical diffraction from these nanostructures from 41 to 48°. The nanostructures were patterned near the edges of the contact lens to avoid any interference and obstruction to the human vision. The formation of 2D nanostructures on lenses increased the diffraction efficiency by more than 10%. The versatility of the holographic laser ablation method was demonstrated by producing four different 2D nanopattern geometries on contact lenses. Hydrophobicity of the contact lens was characterized by contact angle measurements, which increased from 59.0° at pristine condition to 62.5° at post-nanofabrication. The holographic nanostructures on the contact lens were used to sense the concentration of Na+ ions. Artificial tear solution was used to simulate the conditions in dry eye syndrome, and nanostructures on the contact lenses were used to detect the electrolyte concentration changes (±47 mmol L-1). Nanopatterns on a contact lens may be used to sense other ocular diseases in early stages at point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader AlQattan
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, School of Engineering, and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, School of Engineering, and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Haider Butt
- Nanotechnology
Laboratory, School of Engineering, and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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