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Qin GY, Sun XQ, Wang R, Guo JF, Fan JX, Li H, Zou LY, Ren AM. In-depth theoretical analysis of the influence of an external electric field on charge transport parameters. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4403-4415. [PMID: 38516067 PMCID: PMC10952071 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to develop materials with environmental stability and long device shelf life for use in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The microscopic, molecular-level nature of the organic layer in OFETs is not yet well understood. The stability of geometric and electronic structures and the regulation of the external electric field (EEF) on the charge transport properties of four typical homogeneous organic semiconductors (OSCs) were investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that under the EEF, the structural changes in single-bond linked oligomers were more sensitive and complex than those of condensed molecules, and there were non-monotonic changes in their reorganization energy (λ) during charge transport under an EEF consisting of decreases and then increases (Series D). The change in λ under an EEF can be preliminarily and qualitatively determined by the change in the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) - the number of C-atoms with nonbonding characteristics. For single-bonded molecules, the transfer integral is basically unchanged under a low EEF, but it will greatly change at a high EEF. Because the structure and properties of the molecule will greatly change under different EEFs, the effect of an EEF should be fully considered when determining the intrinsic mobility of OSCs, which could cause a deviation 0.3-20 times in mobility. According to detailed calculations, one heterogeneous oligomer, TH-BTz, was designed. Its λ can be greatly reduced under an EEF, and the change in the energy level of FMOs can be adjusted to different degrees. This study provides a reasonable idea for verification of the experimental mobility value and also provides guidance for the directional design of stable high-mobility OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ya Qin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Xiao-Qi Sun
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Jing-Fu Guo
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jian-Xun Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Weinan Normal University Weinan 714000 China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Lu-Yi Zou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
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2
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Han H, Choi JH, Ahn J, Lee H, Choi C, Jung W, Yeom J, Hwang DK, Sung BJ, Lim JA. Chiral Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers with Intramolecular Rotation-Isomeric Conformation Asymmetry for Near-Infrared Circularly Polarized Light-Sensing Organic Phototransistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38032109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in chiral nanomaterials interacting with circularly polarized (CP) light open new expectations for optoelectronics in various research fields such as quantum- and biology-related technology. To fully utilize the great potential of chiral optoelectronic devices, the development of chiral optoelectronic devices that function in the near-infrared (NIR) region is required. Herein, we demonstrate a NIR-absorbing, chiroptical, low-band-gap polymer semiconductor for high-performance NIR CP light phototransistors. A newly synthesized diketopyrrolopyrrole-based donor-acceptor-type chiral π-conjugated polymer with an asymmetric alkyl side chain exhibits strong chiroptical activity in a wavelength range of 700-1000 nm. We found that the attachment of an enantiomerically pure stereogenic alkyl substituent to the π-conjugated chromophore backbone led to strong chiroptical activity through symmetry breaking of the π-conjugation of the backbone in a molecular rotational motion while maintaining the coplanar backbone conformation for efficient charge transport. The NIR CP light-sensing phototransistors based on a chiral π-conjugated polymer photoactive single channel layer exhibit a high photoresponsivity of 26 A W-1 under NIR CP light irradiation at 920 nm, leading to excellent NIR CP light distinguishability. This study will provide a rationale and strategy for designing chiral π-conjugated polymers for high-performance NIR chiral optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Han
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookjin Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yeom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Ren S, Ding Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Wang S, Yi Z. Rational Design of Novel Conjugated Terpolymers Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Their Applications to Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3803. [PMID: 37765656 PMCID: PMC10535888 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic polymer semiconductor materials, due to their good chemical modifiability, can be easily tuned by rational molecular structure design to modulate their material properties, which, in turn, affects the device performance. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of materials based on terpolymer structures and applied them to organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) device applications. The four polymers, obtained by polymerization of three monomers relying on the Stille coupling reaction, shared comparable molecular weights, with the main structural difference being the ratio of the thiazole component to the fluorinated thiophene (Tz/FS). The conjugated polymers exhibited similar energy levels and thermal stability; however, their photochemical and crystalline properties were distinctly different, leading to significantly varied mobility behavior. Materials with a Tz/FS ratio of 50:50 showed the highest electron mobility, up to 0.69 cm2 V-1 s-1. Our investigation reveals the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of materials and provides a basis for the design of semiconductor materials with higher carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Sichun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
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4
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Ren S, Wang Z, Zhang W, Ding Y, Yi Z. Donor-Acceptor-Based Organic Polymer Semiconductor Materials to Achieve High Hole Mobility in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3713. [PMID: 37765568 PMCID: PMC10538171 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic polymer semiconductor materials are conveniently tuned to energy levels because of their good chemically modifiable properties, thus enhancing their carrier transport capabilities. Here, we have designed and prepared a polymer with a donor-acceptor structure and tested its potential as a p-type material for organic field-effect transistor (OFET) applications using a solution-processing method. The conjugated polymers, obtained via the polymerization of the two monomers relying on the Stille coupling reaction, possess extremely high molecular weights and thermodynamic stability. Theoretical-based calculations show that PDPP-2S-Se has superior planarity, which is favorable for carrier transport within the main chain. Photophysical and electrochemical measurements systematically investigated the properties of the material and the energy levels with respect to the theoretical values. The maximum hole mobility of the PDPP-2S-Se-based OFET device is 0.59 cm2 V-1 s-1, which makes it a useful material for potential organic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, National Chemical Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Chen J, Yang J, Guo Y, Liu Y. Acceptor Modulation Strategies for Improving the Electron Transport in High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104325. [PMID: 34605074 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance ambipolar and electronic type semiconducting polymers are essential for fabricating various organic optoelectronic devices and complementary circuits. This review summarizes the strategies of improving the electron transport of semiconducting polymers via acceptor modulation strategies, which include the use of single, dual, triple, multiple, and all acceptors as well as the fusion of multiple identical acceptors to obtain new heterocyclic acceptors. To further improve the electron transport of semiconducting polymers, the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups can enhance the electron-withdrawing ability of donors and acceptors, thereby facilitating electron injection and suppressing hole accumulation. In addition, the relationships between the molecular structure, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, thin film morphology, microstructure, processing conditions, and device performances are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges encountered in this research area are proposed and the future outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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7
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Ran H, Li F, Zheng R, Ni W, Lei Z, Xie F, Duan X, Han R, Pan N, Hu JY. Dithienocoronene diimide (DTCDI)-derived triads for high-performance air-stable, solution-processed balanced ambipolar organic field-effect transistors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16357-16365. [PMID: 34318838 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02703d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Developing ambipolar organic semiconducting materials is essential for use in complementary-like inverters and light-emitting transistors. In this study, three new dithienocoronenediimide (DTCDI)-derived triads, DTCDI-BT, DTCDI-BBT and DTCDI-BNT, were designed and synthesized, in which various sizes of terminal groups, i.e., thiophene (T), benzo[b]thiophene (BT) and naphtha[2,3-b]thiophene (NT) were substituted at the α-positions of the two thiophene rings of DTCDI, respectively. The DFT calculations reveal that the HOMO energy levels of the three triads when compared to that of the parent DTCDI-core (-5.99 eV) are significantly increased to -5.59, -5.59 and -5.45 eV for DTCDI-BT, DTCDI-BBT and DTCDI-BNT, respectively, whereas the LUMO energy levels (-3.07 eV ∼ -3.14 eV) are almost identical with that of the DTCDI-core (-3.10 eV). The results predict that the triads could possess ambipolar transport properties in organic field-effect transistor (OFET) applications. In fact, under an ambient atmosphere, solution-processed bottom-gate top-contact (BGTC) transistors exhibit ambipolar charge transport properties by tuning the HOMOs of the DTCDI-based triads so that they were suitable for hole injection, resulting in balanced maximum electron and hole mobilities of 1.66 × 10-3 and 1.02 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for DTCDI-BT, 2.60 × 10-2 and 3.60 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for DTCDI-BBT, and 2.43 × 10-3 and 4.15 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for DTCDI-BNT, respectively. This is the first time that the DTCDI building block has been used to develop ambipolar small molecular semiconductors, and achieved a device performance comparable to that of the DTCDI-based polymeric semiconductors. In addition, DTCDI-BBT-based complementary-like inverters were made, and the inverter devices operated well in both p-mode and n-mode under ambient conditions. The results show that the DTCDI is a promising π-electron-deficient building block which could be further used to develop ambipolar semiconducting materials for OFET devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China.
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8
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Isoindigo (IID)‐Based Semiconductor with F⋯S Interaction Locked Conformation for High‐Performance Ambipolar Bottom‐Gate Top‐Contact Field‐Effect Transistors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Huang K, Huang G, Wang X, Lu H, Zhang G, Qiu L. Air-Stable and High-Performance Unipolar n-Type Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers Prepared by a "Strong Acceptor-Weak Donor" Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17790-17798. [PMID: 32212621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Unipolar n-type conjugated polymer materials with long-term stable electron transport upon direct exposure to the air atmosphere are very challenging to prepare. In this study, three unipolar n-type donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymer semiconductors (abbreviated as PNVB, PBABDFV, and PBAIDV) were successfully developed through a "strong acceptor-weak donor" strategy. The weak electron donation of the donor units in all three polymers successfully lowered the molecular energy levels by the acceptor units that strongly attracted electrons. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that all three polymers had low highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels near -6.0 and -4.0 eV, respectively. These results were consistent with the density functional theory calculations. The as-prepared polymers were then used to manufacture organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices in bottom-gate/top-contact (BG/TC) configuration without any packaging protection. As expected, all devices exhibited unipolar electron transport properties. PBABDFV-based devices showed excellent field-effect performance and air stability, beneficial for straight-line molecular chain and closest π-π stacking distance to prevent water vapor and oxygen from diffusion into the active layer. This led to a maximum electron mobility (μe,max) of 0.79 cm2 V-1 s-1 under air conditions. In addition, 0.50 cm2 V-1 s-1 was still maintained after 27 days of storage in ambient environment. The near-ideal transfer curve of the PBABDFV-based OFET device in BG/TC configuration under vacuum was obtained with average mobility reliability factor (rave) reaching 88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Gang Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongbo Lu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Rui Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Su‐Ting Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Memory Materials and Devices, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics (IMO) Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
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11
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Oh S, Cho H, Choi G, Ha J, Khan MRR, Lee HS. Precise Control over Polymer Semiconducting Films by Tuning the Thermal Behavior of the Thin-Film State's Crystalline and Morphological Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40358-40365. [PMID: 31591879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline and morphological structures of polymer semiconducting films were controlled by selecting appropriate thermal properties of the polymeric chains, thereby improving polymer field-effect transistor (FET) performances. Poly(dioctyl-quaterthiophene-dioctyl-bithiazole) (PDQDB), comprising 5,5'-bithiazole and oligothiophene rings, was used as the basis for the polymer semiconductor studies. The Tg and Tm values of the thin-film state, rather than those of the bulk polymer state, were important in this study. A PDQDB film with a Tg of 101 °C in the thin-film state showed the highest maximum and average μFET values of 0.194 and 0.141 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, in an FET device at a post-processing temperature of 100 °C. On the other hand, relatively low average μFET values of 0.115, 0.098, and 0.079 cm2 V-1 s-1 were observed in FET devices prepared from PDQDB films with Tg values of 130, 165, and 180 °C, respectively, despite the dramatic increase in film crystallinity. With the variations in μFET, what we have noticed is that the standard deviations of the measured μFET values varied with the Tg values: 36.0% for the Tg = 165 °C film and 51.1% for the Tg = 180 °C film, indicating that the organic field-effect transistors performances were not uniform. These results were closely related to nano- and microscale nonuniformity in the PDQDB film structure in the presence of excessively activated grain structures. These variations were correlated with the crystalline and morphological structures of the PDQDB films prepared under various processing conditions.
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12
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Raychev D, Méndez López RD, Kiriy A, Seifert G, Sommer JU, Guskova O. Copolymers of Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Benzothiadiazole: Design and Function from Simulations with Experimental Support. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Luo X, Tran DT, Sun H, Mi T, Kadlubowski NM, Zhao Y, Zhao K, Mei J. Bis‐isoindigos: New Electron‐Deficient Building Blocks for Constructing Conjugated Polymers with Extended Electron Delocalization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Luo
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Dung T. Tran
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Tianxiong Mi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Natalie M. Kadlubowski
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
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14
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An C, Makowska H, Hu B, Duan R, Pisula W, Marszalek T, Baumgarten M. Effect of fluorination of naphthalene diimide–benzothiadiazole copolymers on ambipolar behavior in field-effect transistors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16464-16469. [PMID: 35540535 PMCID: PMC9080245 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Two naphthalene diimide (NDI)–benzothiadiazole (BT) based conjugated polymers with high molecular weight, P1 and P2, were synthesized by introducing F atoms to modulate the electron-donating ability of the BT moiety. 3-Decyl-pentadecyl branched alkyl side chains were employed and expected to improve the molecular organization and device performance. Both polymers have excellent solubility in common organic solvents. UV-vis-NIR absorption and cyclic voltammetry indicate that the maximum absorption wavelength of P2 is blue-shifted and the HOMO energy level of P2 is decreased in comparison with P1. Two dimensional wide angle X-ray scattering of thin films revealed a similar organization of both polymers. A less balanced transport in field-effect transistors with increased electron mobility of 0.258 cm2 V−1 s−1 and lowered hole transport of 2.4 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 was found for P2. Polymer devices of P1 exhibited a balanced ambipolar transport, with a hole mobility of 0.073 cm2 V−1 s−1 and electron mobility of 0.086 cm2 V−1 s−1. Two naphthalene diimide (NDI)–benzothiadiazole (BT) based conjugated polymers with high molecular weight, P1 and P2, were synthesized and compared for their electron-donating ability by varying F-atoms at the BT moiety.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunbin An
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
| | - Hanna Makowska
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Benlin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
| | - Ruomeng Duan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | | |
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