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Zhou Z, Xu Y, Yang J, Zhang S, Jin S, Li H, Zhu W, Liu Y. New Medium-Bandgap Nonfused Ring Guest Acceptor with a Higher-Lying LUMO Level Enables High-Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42792-42801. [PMID: 37650699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Adding another constituent into a binary system, known as a ternary strategy, represents a simple and effective approach to boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we have prepared a new nonfused ring small-molecule acceptor with a medium bandgap, named DFTQA-2FIC, which possesses a high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and a strong intramolecular charge-transfer effect. We elaborately utilized it as a third component in a typical PM6:Y6 blend to obtain high-performance ternary OSCs. The resulting ternary blend film exhibited superior and balanced hole/electron mobility, enhanced favorable aggregation morphology, and reduced charge carrier recombination. Consequently, an optimized ternary OSC presented a distinctly increased PCE of 17.29%, accompanied by synchronous enhancements in crucial parameters, representing a 7.46% improvement over the binary OSC based on PM6:Y6 with a PCE of 16.09%. This study highlights that incorporating DFTQA-2FIC as a third component in a binary system is suitable for optimizing photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yongchuan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shiyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shujing Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - WeiGuo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Quantum chemical study of end-capped acceptor and bridge on triphenyl diamine based molecules to enhance the optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ahmad KS, Naqvi SN, Jaffri SB. Systematic review elucidating the generations and classifications of solar cells contributing towards environmental sustainability integration. REV INORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rapid escalation in energy demand and pressure over finite fossil fuels reserves with augmenting urbanization and industrialization points towards adoption of cleaner, sustainable and eco-friendly sources to be employed. Solar cell devices known for efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy have been attracting scientific community due to their remarkable conformity with the principles of green chemistry. The future candidacy of solar cells is expressed by their efficient conversion. Such a great potential associated with solar cells has instigated research since many decades leading to the emergence of a wide myriad of solar cells devices with novel constituent materials, designs and architecture reflected in form of three generations of the solar cells. Considering the cleaner and sustainability aspects of the solar energy, current review has systematically compiled different generations of solar cells signifying the advancements in terms of architecture and compositional parameters. In addition to the chronological progression of solar cells, current review has also focused on the innovations done in improvement of solar cells. In terms of efficiency and stability, photovoltaic community is eager to achieve augmented efficiencies and stabilities for using solar cells as an alternative to the conventional fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , The Mall Rawalpindi , 46000, Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Syeda Naima Naqvi
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , The Mall Rawalpindi , 46000, Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Shaan Bibi Jaffri
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , The Mall Rawalpindi , 46000, Rawalpindi , Pakistan
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Leonard AA, Mosquera MA, Jones LO, Cai Z, Fauvell TJ, Kirschner MS, Gosztola DJ, Schatz GC, Schaller RD, Yu L, Chen LX. Photophysical implications of ring fusion, linker length, and twisting angle in a series of perylenediimide-thienoacene dimers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7133-7143. [PMID: 33209244 PMCID: PMC7654190 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives have been widely studied as electron acceptor alternatives to fullerenes in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) because of their tunable absorption in the visible range, inexpensive synthesis, and photochemical stability. A common motif for improving device efficiency involves joining multiple PDIs together through electron-rich linkers to form a twisted acceptor-donor-acceptor molecule. Molecular features such as ring fusion are further employed to modify the structure locally and in films. These synthetic efforts have greatly enhanced OPV device efficiencies, however it remains unclear how the increasingly elaborate structural modifications affect the photophysical processes integral to efficient photon-to-charge conversion. Here we carry out a systematic study of a series of PDI dimers with thienoacene linkers in which the twist angle, linker length, and degree of ring fusion are varied to investigate the effects of these structural features on the molecular excited states and exciton recombination dynamics. Spectroscopic characterization of the dimers suggest that ring fusion causes greater coupling between the donor and acceptor components and greatly enhances the lifetime of a thienoacene to PDI charge transfer state. The lifetime of this CT state also correlates well with the linker-PDI dihedral angle, with smaller dihedral angle resulting in longer lifetime. DFT and two-photon absorption TDDFT calculations were developed in-house to model the ground state and excited transitions, providing theoretical insight into the reasons for the observed photophysical properties and identifying the charge transfer state in the excited state absorption spectra. These results highlight how the longevity of the excited state species, important for the efficient conversion of excitons to free carriers in OPV devices, can be chemically tuned by controlling ring fusion and by using steric effects to control the relative orientations of the molecular fragments. The results provide a successful rationalization of the behavior of solar cells involving these acceptor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Leonard
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications , School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Thomas J Fauvell
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Matthew S Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - David J Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont , Illinois 60439 , USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont , Illinois 60439 , USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and James Frank Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont , Illinois 60439 , USA .
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Niu MS, Wang KW, Yang XY, Bi PQ, Zhang KN, Feng XJ, Chen F, Qin W, Xia JL, Hao XT. Hole Transfer Originating from Weakly Bound Exciton Dissociation in Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7100-7106. [PMID: 31682127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The underlying hole-transfer mechanism in high-efficiency OSC bulk heterojunctions based on acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) remains unclear. Herein, we study the hole-transfer process between copolymer donor J91 and five A-D-A NFAs with different highest occupied molecular orbital energy offsets (ΔEH) (0.05-0.42 eV) via ultrafast optical spectroscopies. Transient absorption spectra reveal a rapid hole-transfer rate with small ΔEH, suggesting that a large energy offset is not required to overcome the exciton binding energy. Capacitance-frequency spectra and time-resolved photoluminescence spectra confirm the delocalization of an A-D-A-structured acceptor exciton with weak binding energy. Relative to the hole-transfer rate, hole-transfer efficiency is the key factor affecting device performance. We propose that holes primarily stem from weakly bound acceptor exciton dissociation, revealing a new insight into the hole-transfer process in A-D-A NFA-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Si Niu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Kang-Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , 430070 Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Peng-Qing Bi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Kang-Ning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Xian-Jin Feng
- School of Microelectronics , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering , The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo 315100 , P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Jian-Long Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , 430070 Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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Abstract
In addition to the underlying basic concepts and early recognition of halogen bonding, this paper reviews the conflicting views that consistently appear in the area of noncovalent interactions and the ability of covalently bonded halogen atoms in molecules to participate in noncovalent interactions that contribute to packing in the solid-state. It may be relatively straightforward to identify Type-II halogen bonding between atoms using the conceptual framework of σ-hole theory, especially when the interaction is linear and is formed between the axial positive region (σ-hole) on the halogen in one monomer and a negative site on a second interacting monomer. A σ-hole is an electron density deficient region on the halogen atom X opposite to the R–X covalent bond, where R is the remainder part of the molecule. However, it is not trivial to do so when secondary interactions are involved as the directionality of the interaction is significantly affected. We show, by providing some specific examples, that halogen bonds do not always follow the strict Type-II topology, and the occurrence of Type-I and -III halogen-centered contacts in crystals is very difficult to predict. In many instances, Type-I halogen-centered contacts appear simultaneously with Type-II halogen bonds. We employed the Independent Gradient Model, a recently proposed electron density approach for probing strong and weak interactions in molecular domains, to show that this is a very useful tool in unraveling the chemistry of halogen-assisted noncovalent interactions, especially in the weak bonding regime. Wherever possible, we have attempted to connect some of these results with those reported previously. Though useful for studying interactions of reasonable strength, IUPAC’s proposed “less than the sum of the van der Waals radii” criterion should not always be assumed as a necessary and sufficient feature to reveal weakly bound interactions, since in many crystals the attractive interaction happens to occur between the midpoint of a bond, or the junction region, and a positive or negative site.
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Jackson NE, Bowen AS, Antony LW, Webb MA, Vishwanath V, de Pablo JJ. Electronic structure at coarse-grained resolutions from supervised machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1190. [PMID: 30915396 PMCID: PMC6430626 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Computational studies aimed at understanding conformationally dependent electronic structure in soft materials require a combination of classical and quantum-mechanical simulations, for which the sampling of conformational space can be particularly demanding. Coarse-grained (CG) models provide a means of accessing relevant time scales, but CG configurations must be back-mapped into atomistic representations to perform quantum-chemical calculations, which is computationally intensive and inconsistent with the spatial resolution of the CG models. A machine learning approach, denoted as artificial neural network electronic coarse graining (ANN-ECG), is presented here in which the conformationally dependent electronic structure of a molecule is mapped directly to CG pseudo-atom configurations. By averaging over decimated degrees of freedom, ANN-ECG accelerates simulations by eliminating backmapping and repeated quantum-chemical calculations. The approach is accurate, consistent with the CG spatial resolution, and can be used to identify computationally optimal CG resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Jackson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alec S. Bowen
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lucas W. Antony
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Venkatram Vishwanath
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Corresponding author.
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