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Xue H, Wang J, Chen R, Wu W, Dong Y, Yuan X, Li Z, Gao X, Liu J. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals the toxicological mechanisms of polystyrene micro- and nano-plastics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174660. [PMID: 38986693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
With the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment, the toxicity of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) to microalgae has attracted increasing attention. However, the underlying toxic mechanisms of MNPs remain to be elucidated. In this study, we synthesized micro- and nano-scale of polystyrene MNPs (PS MNPs) to investigate their toxicity and toxic mechanisms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We found that PS MNPs significantly inhibit the production of photosynthetic pigments and increase soluble protein content. The detailed analysis of results shows that both materials affect photosynthetic efficiency by damaging the donor side, reaction center, and electron transfer of photosystem II. Moreover, compared to PS MPs, PS NPs have a greater negative impact on algal cells. Analyzing the transcriptome of cells suggests that the most sensitive metabolic pathways in response to PS MNPs involve oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and photosynthesis. Especially, genes related to photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation showed significant changes in expression after exposure to PS MNPs. This study provided molecular-level insights into the toxic mechanisms of PS MNPs on microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710012, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ruifei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yibei Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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2
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Zhang Z, Shen C, Zhang P, Xu S, Kong L, Liang X, Li C, Qiu X, Huang J, Cui X. Fundamental, mechanism and development of hydration lubrication: From bio-inspiration to artificial manufacturing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 327:103145. [PMID: 38615561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Friction and lubrication are ubiquitous in all kinds of movements and play a vital role in the smooth operation of production machinery. Water is indispensable both in the lubrication systems of natural organisms and in hydration lubrication systems. There exists a high degree of similarity between these systems, which has driven the development of hydration lubrication from biomimetic to artificial manufacturing. In particular, significant advancements have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms of hydration lubrication over the past 30 years. This enhanced understanding has further stimulated the exploration of biomimetic inspiration from natural hydration lubrication systems, to develop novel artificial hydration lubrication systems that are cost-effective, easily transportable, and possess excellent capability. This review summarizes the recent experimental and theoretical advances in the understanding of hydration-lubrication processes. The entire paper is divided into three parts. Firstly, surface interactions relevant to hydration lubrication are discussed, encompassing topics such as hydrogen bonding, hydration layer, electric double layer force, hydration force, and Stribeck curve. The second part begins with an introduction to articular cartilage in biomaterial lubrication, discussing its compositional structure and lubrication mechanisms. Subsequently, three major categories of bio-inspired artificial manufacturing lubricating material systems are presented, including hydrogels, polymer brushes (e.g., neutral, positive, negative and zwitterionic brushes), hydration lubricant additives (e.g., nano-particles, polymers, ionic liquids), and their related lubrication mechanism is also described. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for hydration lubrication research and materials development are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Zhang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 25006, China
| | - Chaojie Shen
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 25006, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shulei Xu
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 25006, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiubing Liang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoyong Qiu
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 25006, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 25006, China.
| | - Xin Cui
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Wu S, Yan K, Zhang R, Liu S, Ye Q, Zhou F. Preparation of Hydrophilic Hyper-Cross-Linked Polystyrene Nanospheres with Antibacterial for Improved Water Lubrication Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8992-9000. [PMID: 38634657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The present study utilizes styrene as a raw material to prepare hyper-cross-linked polystyrene nanospheres (HPSs) through the Friedel-Crafts reaction, establishing stable covalent bond structures within the polymer chains. The hydrophilic polystyrene nanospheres─TMA@SHPSs were successfully synthesized via sulfonation and ion exchange reactions, demonstrating exceptional properties in reducing friction and wear. Compared with pure water, the addition of 4.0 wt % TMA@SHPSs results in a 62.2% reduction in the friction coefficient, accompanied by a significant decrease to 1.17 × 105 μm3 in wear volume. The results demonstrate that TMA@SHPSs, as water-based lubrication additives, generate composite protective films (tribo-chemical protective films and physical protective films) during the friction process, which effectively prevents direct contact between the friction pairs and achieves remarkable antifriction and antiwear effects. The results of the antimicrobial activity test indicate that TMA@SHPSs demonstrate exceptional antibacterial efficacy due to the bacteriostatic effect induced by hydration and the bactericidal properties of quaternary ammonium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Shihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Kaige Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Zhang Q, Zhang G, Huang Y, He S, Li Y, Jin L, Han J. Surface-Modified LDH Nanosheets with High Dispersibility in Oil for Friction and Wear Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5316-5325. [PMID: 38227431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Surface and interfacial engineering of nanomaterials is essential for improving dispersion stability in liquids. In this study, we report that oleic acid (OA)- and stearic acid (SA)-functionalized layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets as lubricant additives can achieve high dispersion and reduce friction and wear. LDH is a typical layered structure, and OA and SA are long-chain organic molecules that are not only compatible with base oils but also act as friction-reducing agents. The OA and SA molecules were branched onto ZnMgAl LDH nanosheets using dehydration condensation between the exposed OH groups on the surface of LDH and the COOH groups on the OA and SA molecules. Compared with that of the pristine ZnMgAl LDH, the dispersion of OA-ZnMgAl LDH and SA-ZnMgAl LDH was significantly improved. The surface-modified LDH exhibited superior tribological properties and great stability due to the synergistic lubrication effect between OA, SA, and LDH. Even at an ultralow concentration (0.15 wt %), the coefficient of friction and wear volume were reduced by ∼65 and ∼99%, respectively, compared to those of the base oil. Due to the green and simple synthesis method and excellent tribological properties, surface-functionalized LDH has enormous possibilities for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Quzhou Institute for Innovation in Resource Chemical Engineering, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guiju Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yongwang Huang
- Tianjin Nisseki Lubricants & Grease Co., Ltd., Binhai New Area, Tianjin 300480, China
| | - Shan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingbin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Quzhou Institute for Innovation in Resource Chemical Engineering, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
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5
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Guo Y, Fang C, Wang T, Wang Q, Song F, Wang C. Tribological Behavior of Cotton Fabric/Phenolic Resin Laminated Composites Reinforced with Two-Dimensional Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4454. [PMID: 38006178 PMCID: PMC10675720 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, cotton fabric-reinforced phenolic resin (CPF) composites were modified by adding four two-dimensional fillers: graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), graphite (Gr), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The tribological properties of these modified materials were investigated under dry friction and water lubrication conditions. The CPF/Gr composite exhibits significantly better tribological performance than the other three filler-modified CPF composites under dry friction, with a 24% reduction in friction coefficient and a 78% reduction in wear rate compared to the unmodified CPF composite. Under water lubrication conditions, all four fillers did not significantly alter the friction coefficient of the CPF composites. However, except for an excessive amount of Gr, the other three fillers can reduce the wear rate. Particularly in the case of 10% MoS2 content, the wear rate decreased by 56%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed for the analysis of the morphology and composition of the transfer films. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to investigate the adsorption effects of CPF/Gr and CPF/MoS2 composites on the counterpart surface under both dry friction and water lubrication conditions. The difference in the adsorption capacity of CPF/Gr and CPF/MoS2 composites on the counterpart, as well as the resulting formation of transfer films, accounts for the variation in tribological behavior between CPF/Gr and CPF/MoS2 composites. By combining the lubrication properties of MoS2 and Gr under dry friction and water lubrication conditions and using them as co-fillers, we can achieve a synergistic lubrication effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Chenyang Fang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Tingmei Wang
- State key Labratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- State key Labratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuzhi Song
- State key Labratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State key Labratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao 266071, China
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6
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Zeng W, Huang W, Guo B, Sun Y, Shen H. Preparation and Lubricating Properties of Polystyrene Composite Microspheres. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3071. [PMID: 37109906 PMCID: PMC10145035 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the lubrication performance of polystyrene microspheres (PS) as solid lubricant in drilling fluids, elastic graphite-polystyrene composite microspheres (EGR/PS), montmorillonite-elastic graphite-polystyrene composite microspheres (OMMT/EGR/PS), and polytetrafluoroethylene-polystyrene composite microspheres (PTFE/PS) were prepared by suspension polymerization. OMMT/EGR/PS has a rough surface, while the surfaces of the other three composite microspheres are smooth. Among the four kinds of composite microspheres, the largest particle is OMMT/EGR/PS, and the average size is about 400 μm. The smallest particle is PTFE/PS, and the average size is about 49 μm. Compared with pure water, the friction coefficient of PS, EGR/PS, OMMT/EGR/PS and PTFE/PS reduced by 25%, 28%, 48%, and 62%, respectively. The wear tracks of EGR/PS, OMMT/EGR/PS and PTFE/PS are narrower and smoother than those of pure water. When the content of PTFE is 4.0 wt%, the friction coefficient and wear volume of PTFE/PS are 0.213 and 2.45 × 10-4 mm3-74% and 92.4% lower than that of pure water, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Hangzhou Huaguang Advanced Welding Materials Co., Hangzhou 311112, China
| | - Bing Guo
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hangyan Shen
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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7
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Li W, Wang Y, Li W, Liu L, Wang X, Song S. Nanoparticle-Containing Hyaluronate Solution for Improved Lubrication of Orthopedic Ceramics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173485. [PMID: 36080559 PMCID: PMC9460720 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature failure caused by inadequate lubrication of an artificial joint is a major problem. Inspired by engine lubrication, in which various additives are used to enforce the oil lubricant, here, a bench test of a biomimetic lubricating fluid containing different substances was carried out. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), in the form of both molecules and nanoparticles, was used as a functional additive. Compared with BSA molecules, BSA nanoparticles dispersed in HA solution served as more effective additives in the biomimetic lubrication fluid to minimize the friction and wear of ceramic orthopedic materials made of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). Meanwhile, a tribo-acoustic study indicated that the “squeaking” problem associated with ZrO2 could be suppressed by the biomimetic fluid. Together with a cytotoxicity assessment, the BSA nanoparticle-incorporated biomimetic fluid was confirmed as a potential reagent for use in the clinic to maintain an even longer service life of artificial joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Orthopedics Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (S.S.); Tel.: +86-371-23882100 (L.L. & S.S.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (S.S.); Tel.: +86-371-23882100 (L.L. & S.S.)
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8
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Moon HH, Choi EJ, Yun SH, Kim YC, Premkumar T, Song C. Aqueous lubrication and wear properties of nonionic bottle-brush polymers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17740-17746. [PMID: 35765345 PMCID: PMC9199083 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The usage of aqueous lubricants in eco-friendly bio-medical friction systems has attracted significant attention. Several bottle-brush polymers with generally ionic functional groups have been developed based on the structure of biological lubricant lubricin. However, hydrophilic nonionic brush polymers have attracted less attention, especially in terms of wear properties. We developed bottle-brush polymers (BP) using hydrophilic 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), a highly biocompatible yet nonionic molecule. The lubrication properties of polymer films were analyzed in an aqueous state using a ball-on-disk, which revealed that BPHEMA showed a lower aqueous friction coefficient than linear poly(HEMA), even lower than hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which are widely used as lubricating polymers. Significantly, we discovered that the combination of HA, PVA, and BPHEMA is demonstrated to be essential in influencing the surface wear properties; the ratio of 1 : 2 (HA : BPHEMA) had the maximum wear resistance, despite a slight increase in the aqueous friction coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Hyun Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Chul Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Thathan Premkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea .,The University College, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
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9
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Zheng Y, Yan Y, Zhao W, Wang H, Sun Y, Han J, Zhang H. Self-Assembled Nanospheres with Enhanced Interfacial Lubrication for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21773-21786. [PMID: 35503730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is associated with an increase in mechanical friction of the joint, which causes irreversible damage to articular cartilage. Consequently, it is crucial to restore joint lubrication for effectively treating osteoarthritis. In the present study, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based zwitterionic nanospheres with phosphocholine groups on the surface were synthesized, which achieved excellent lubrication behavior due to the hydration lubrication mechanism. Specifically, HA was initially thiolated and modified with hexadecylamine based on an amidation reaction, then it was grafted with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphocholine (MPC) by the thiol-ene click reaction, and finally self-assembled into nanospheres (HA-MPC) by hydrophobic interaction and cross-linking of the thiol group. The lubrication test demonstrated that the HA-MPC nanospheres improved lubrication under shear force, with a 40% reduction in the friction coefficient compared with HA. The in vitro experiment indicated that the HA-MPC nanospheres had excellent biocompatibility, and they upregulated the cartilage anabolic gene and downregulated cartilage catabolic proteases as well as the pain-related gene. The in vivo test showed that the injection of HA-MPC nanospheres to the joint cavity could inhibit the development of osteoarthritis, which was examined based on histological staining and also morphological evaluation. In conclusion, the new self-assembled zwitterionic HA-MPC nanospheres may be intra-articularly injected for the effective treatment of osteoarthritis by restoring joint lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yufei Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haimang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianmin Han
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Tribological Properties of Different-Sized Black Phosphorus Nanosheets as Water-Based Lubrication Additives for Steel/Titanium Alloy Wear Contact. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Titanium alloys are extensively used in the aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries. However, it has always been a challenge in the manufacturing and machining of titanium alloys because they exhibit poor friction and wear characteristics, which results in serious problems and significantly restricts their further production and application. Therefore, in the present study, the wear contact between GCr15 steel and Ti6Al4V alloy is specifically studied by considering black phosphorus nanosheets (BP-NS) as water-based lubrication additives, which is expected to have a great potential application in manufacturing and machining titanium alloys. The influence of BP nanosheet size on the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of Ti6Al4V alloy has been comprehensively studied, based on comparisons among adding large BP nanosheets (L-BP) (2–4 μm), medium BP nanosheets (M-BP) (300–500 nm), and black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) (6–10 nm). Compared with ultrapure water, the COF and wear rate of Ti6Al4V alloy are reduced by 42.4% and 82.3%, respectively, when BPQDs are used as water-based lubrication additives. This paper also shows that a lower COF and wear rate is achieved with the addition of BPQDs than the other two BP nanosheet sizes. Derived from the friction tests and worn surface analysis of Ti6Al4V alloy, lubrication mechanisms of different-sized BP lubricants were proposed. The interlaminar shearing between BP-NS and the adsorbed films were the main mechanisms for L-BP and M-BP lubricants, while the adsorption, repair, and ball-bearing effects were mainly presented in the BPQD lubricants. The discoveries in this paper would be beneficial to developing novel lubricants for the manufacturing and machining of titanium alloys.
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11
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Liu S, Lv M, Li H, Wang S, Feng C, Wang X, Hu W, Wang W. Optical Imaging of the Molecular Mobility of Single Polystyrene Nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1267-1273. [PMID: 35014804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultrathin surface layer with extraordinary molecular mobility has been discovered and intensively investigated on thin-film polymer materials for decades. However, because of the lack of suitable characterization techniques, it remains largely unexplored whether such a surface mobile layer also exists on individual polymeric nanospheres. Here, we propose a thermal-optical imaging technique to determine the glass transition (Tg) and rubber-fluid transition (Tf) temperatures of single isolated polystyrene nanospheres (PSNS) in a high-throughput and nonintrusive manner for the first time. Two distinct steps, corresponding to the glass transition and rubber-fluid transition, respectively, were clearly observed in the optical trace of single PSNS during temperature ramping. Because the transition temperature and size of the same individuals were both determined, single nanoparticle measurements revealed the reduced apparent Tf and increased Tg of single PSNS on the gold substrate with a decreasing radius from 130 to 70 nm. Further experiments revealed that the substrate effect played an important role in the increased Tg. More importantly, a gradual decrease in the optical signal was detected prior to the glass transition, which was consistent with a surface layer with enhanced molecular mobility. Quantitative analysis further revealed the thickness of this layer to be ∼8 nm. This work not only uncovered the existence and thickness of a surface mobile layer in single isolated nanospheres but also demonstrated a general bottom-up strategy to investigate the structure-property relationship of polymeric nanomaterials by correlating the thermal property (Tg and Tf) and structural features (size) at single nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengdong Feng
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Feng Y, Chen Z, Zhao N, Liu G, Zhou F, Liu W. Exploration on Aqueous Lubrication of Polymeric Microgels between Titanium Alloy Contacts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:32178-32185. [PMID: 34870038 PMCID: PMC8638016 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since titanium alloys have been widely used as joint replacement biomaterials, their superficial lubrication has evolved to be a critical factor for normal use. For this purpose, one kind of typical microgel, poly(NIPAAm-co-AA), was synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and used as an aqueous lubricating additive between titanium alloy contacts. The results show that the as-synthesized microgels reduced the coefficient of friction by 46% and the wear volume by 45%, compared with pure water. Meanwhile, due to their thermosensitive property, the microgels were employed as smart additives to modulate the interfacial friction, which was attributed to the transition of the hydrated state and the elastic deformation of microgel particles. To further dissect the lubrication mechanism, it was found that the lubricating property of microgels was substantially associated with the formation of a hydrated layer surrounding microgels, microbearing effect, interfacial adsorption, and the colloidal stability. Looking beyond, as one kind of soft colloidal lubricant, the microgels may play an important role in the biomedical metal lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Li Y, Yuan Z, Yang H, Zhong H, Peng W, Xie R. Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Cartilage Lubrication in Osteoarthritis. Molecules 2021; 26:6122. [PMID: 34684706 PMCID: PMC8540456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable lubrication properties of normal articular cartilage play an essential role in daily life, providing almost frictionless movements of joints. Alterations of cartilage surface or degradation of biomacromolecules within synovial fluid increase the wear and tear of the cartilage and hence determining the onset of the most common joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA). The irreversible and progressive degradation of articular cartilage is the hallmark of OA. Considering the absence of effective options to treat OA, the mechanosensitivity of chondrocytes has captured attention. As the only embedded cells in cartilage, the metabolism of chondrocytes is essential in maintaining homeostasis of cartilage, which triggers motivations to understand what is behind the low friction of cartilage and develop biolubrication-based strategies to postpone or even possibly heal OA. This review firstly focuses on the mechanism of cartilage lubrication, particularly on boundary lubrication. Then the mechanotransduction (especially shear stress) of chondrocytes is discussed. The following summarizes the recent development of cartilage-inspired biolubricants to highlight the correlation between cartilage lubrication and OA. One might expect that the restoration of cartilage lubrication at the early stage of OA could potentially promote the regeneration of cartilage and reverse its pathology to cure OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhongrun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Haijian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weijie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Renjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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14
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Han X, Wu Y, Shan Y, Zhang X, Liao J. Effect of Micro-/Nanoparticle Hybrid Hydrogel Platform on the Treatment of Articular Cartilage-Related Diseases. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040155. [PMID: 34698122 PMCID: PMC8544595 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint diseases that mainly lead to articular cartilage injury with prolonged severe pain as well as dysfunction have remained unexplained for many years. One of the main reasons is that damaged articular cartilage is unable to repair and regenerate by itself. Furthermore, current therapy, including drug therapy and operative treatment, cannot solve the problem. Fortunately, the micro-/nanoparticle hybrid hydrogel platform provides a new strategy for the treatment of articular cartilage-related diseases, owing to its outstanding biocompatibility, high loading capability, and controlled release effect. The hybrid platform is effective for controlling symptoms of pain, inflammation and dysfunction, and cartilage repair and regeneration. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent studies on the latest development of micro-/nanoparticle hybrid hydrogel for the treatment of articular cartilage-related diseases. Furthermore, some prospects are proposed, aiming to improve the properties of the micro-/nanoparticle hybrid hydrogel platform so as to offer useful new ideas for the effective and accurate treatment of articular cartilage-related diseases.
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15
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Monodispersed colored polymer latex particles with film formation and chemical crosslinking for application on textile binder-free printing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Zhang K, Yang J, Sun Y, He M, Liang J, Luo J, Cui W, Deng L, Xu X, Wang B, Zhang H. Thermo-Sensitive Dual-Functional Nanospheres with Enhanced Lubrication and Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Chemistry 2020; 26:10564-10574. [PMID: 32428289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a typical degenerative joint disease related to a lubrication deficiency of articular cartilage, which is characterized by increased friction at the joint surface and severe inflammation of the joint capsule. Consequently, therapies combining lubrication restoration and drug intervention are regarded as a promising strategy for the treatment of osteoarthritis. In the present study, thermo-sensitive dual-functional nanospheres, poly[N-isopropylacrylamide-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine] (PNIPAM-PMPC), are developed through emulsion polymerization. The PNIPAM-PMPC nanospheres could enhance lubrication based on the hydration lubrication mechanism by forming a tenacious hydration layer surrounding the zwitterionic headgroups, and achieve local drug delivery by encapsulating the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium. The lubrication and drug release tests showed improved lubrication and thermo-sensitive drug release of the nanospheres. The in vitro test using cytokines-treated chondrocytes indicated that the PNIPAM-PMPC nanospheres were biocompatible and upregulated anabolic genes and simultaneously downregulated catabolic genes of the articular cartilage. In summary, the developed PNIPAM-PMPC nanospheres, with the property of enhanced lubrication and local drug delivery, can be an effective nanomedicine for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of, Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, P.R. China
| | - Jielai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Mingrui He
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Research Institute of Automation for, Machinery Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100120, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of, Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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17
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Jia W, Tian J, Bai P, Li S, Zeng H, Zhang W, Tian Y. A novel comb-typed poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methylether acrylate) as an excellent aqueous lubricant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 539:342-350. [PMID: 30594009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Aqueous lubricants exhibit versatile advantages over oil-based lubricants. However, it still remains a challenge for the aqueous solutions to obtain excellent lubrication properties with high contact pressure on macroscale. EXPERIMENTS In this work, a comb-typed poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methylether acrylate) (P(OEGMA)) was successfully synthesized via RAFT polymerization. Rheological, morphological and tribological properties of prepared P(OEGMA) aqueous solutions were characterized via a rheometer, cryo-SEM and ball-on-disk tribometer, respectively. FINDINGS The synthesized P(OEGMA) exhibited a uniformly smaller size than that of the commercial linear polyethylene glycol (PEG), leading to reduced viscosities in aqueous solutions. The obtained P(OEGMA) aqueous solutions achieved outstandingly ultralow friction coefficients (μ < 0.01) and a good wear-resistance under high pressure (>300 MPa, two-fold increase than reported in the previous literature). The desirable lubricating performances can be attributed to the well-established running-in period, a good interfacial adsorption property between polymer molecules and solid surfaces, the hydration effect as well as the hydrodynamic effect. The current finding reveals the excellent aqueous lubrication properties possessed by the synthesized comb-typed P(OEGMA), which can broaden the development of aqueous lubricants in practical engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinmi Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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18
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Aqueous Properties of an Amphiphilic Terpolymer with a Novel Nonionic Surfmer. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/9231837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of surfactive amphiphilic polymer PAADs were prepared from the copolymerization of sodium acrylate, dodecyl polyoxyethylene acrylate (DPA, a surfmer), and acrylamide under the action of a mixed initiating agent consisting of ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfite/2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride. The aggregative behaviors of PAADs were explored by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, a viscometer, and a surface tension instrument. It was found that the apparent viscosity and surface activity of PAADs were significantly improved by the increase of average sequence length of hydrophobic micro blocks, strong intermolecular hydrophobic association, or the formation of mixed micelles between hydrophobic micro blocks and micromolecular surface-active agent. The introduction of long-chain alkyls on molecular chains prolonged the average sequence length of hydrophobic micro blocks in molecular chains and enhanced the hydrophobic association between molecular chains and the tight arrangement of molecular chains on water surfaces, thereby increasing the surface activity. Moreover, the anionic monomer sodium acrylate on molecular chains, via electrostatic repulsion, promoted the conversion from intrachain association to intermolecular association and thereby facilitated the formation of dense interfacial films, enhancing the surface activity of water solutions. Then, the anion surfmer sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate interacted with the hydrophobic micro blocks on the molecular chains to form mixed micelles, which accelerated the interchain association and enhanced the polymer surface activity. The novel polymeric micelle with higher viscosifying ability and surface activity was expected to be a promising oil drive agent for tertiary oil recovery.
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