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Li J, Chu H, Chen Z, Yiu CK, Qu Q, Li Z, Yu X. Recent Advances in Materials, Devices and Algorithms Toward Wearable Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17407-17438. [PMID: 38923501 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Continuous blood pressure (BP) tracking provides valuable insights into the health condition and functionality of the heart, arteries, and overall circulatory system of humans. The rapid development in flexible and wearable electronics has significantly accelerated the advancement of wearable BP monitoring technologies. However, several persistent challenges, including limited sensing capabilities and stability of flexible sensors, poor interfacial stability between sensors and skin, and low accuracy in BP estimation, have hindered the progress in wearable BP monitoring. To address these challenges, comprehensive innovations in materials design, device development, system optimization, and modeling have been pursued to improve the overall performance of wearable BP monitoring systems. In this review, we highlight the latest advancements in flexible and wearable systems toward continuous noninvasive BP tracking with a primary focus on materials development, device design, system integration, and theoretical algorithms. Existing challenges, potential solutions, and further research directions are also discussed to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the development of future wearable systems in continuous ambulatory BP measurement with enhanced sensing capability, robustness, and long-term accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongwei Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Ki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing'ao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Jha R, Mishra P, Kumar S. Advancements in optical fiber-based wearable sensors for smart health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116232. [PMID: 38520984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Healthcare system is undergoing a significant transformation from a traditional hospital-centered to an individual-centered one, as a result of escalating chronic diseases, ageing populations, and ever-increasing healthcare costs,. Wearable sensors have become widely used in health monitoring systems since the COVID-19 pandemic. They enable continuous measurement of important health indicators like body temperature, wrist pulse, respiration rate, and non-invasive bio fluids like saliva and perspiration. Over the last few decades, the development has mostly concentrated on electrochemical and electrical wearable sensors. However, due to the drawbacks of such sensors, such as electronic waste, electromagnetic interference, non-electrical security, and poor performance, researchers are exhibiting a strong interest in optical principle-based systems. Fiber-based optical wearables are among the most promising healthcare systems because of advancements in high-sensitivity, durable, multiplexed sensing, and simple integration with flexible materials to improve wearability and simplicity. We present an overview of recent developments in optical fiber-based wearable sensors, focusing on two mechanisms: wavelength interrogation and intensity modulation for the detection of body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, body movements, and biomedical noninvasive fluids, with a thorough examination of their benefits and drawbacks. This review also focuses on improving working performance and application techniques for healthcare systems, including the integration of nanomaterials and the usage of the Internet of Things (IoT) with signal processing. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion of the future possibilities and problems for optical fiber-based wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Jha
- Nanophotonics and Plasmonics Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - Pratik Mishra
- Nanophotonics and Plasmonics Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India
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3
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Cao C, Zhou P, Wang J, Liu M, Wang P, Qi Y, Zhang T. Ultrahigh sensitive and rapid-response self-powered flexible pressure sensor based on sandwiched piezoelectric composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:902-915. [PMID: 38493655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensors and actuators are the basis for realizing the Internet of Everything. This study identifies specific interfacial polarization and filler dispersion challenges in flexible sensors. A novel sandwich-structured flexible sensor with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-filled Nb2CTx as the interlayer and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)]-filled barium titanate (BTO) as the upper and lower layers was designed and fabricated. The thickness of the interlayer was optimized to be 6.2 μm, resulting in an ultrahigh sensitivity of 16.05 V/N and ultrashort response time of 626 μs. The interlayer achieved an oriented arrangement of the dipoles in the upper and lower piezoelectric films through interfacial polarization, enhancing the piezoelectric output and sensitivity. The proposed mechanism was confirmed by the dielectric properties, local piezoelectric response, cross-sectional potential simulation, and interfacial electrical calculations. Additionally, the sensor effectively distinguishes various body movements, facial micro-expressions, and throat vibrations during vocalization, and can be applied to ultrahigh-sensitive self-powered flexible piezoelectric pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Miaoxuan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yajun Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Tianjin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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4
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Zhi C, Shi S, Wu H, Si Y, Zhang S, Lei L, Hu J. Emerging Trends of Nanofibrous Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Applications: Mechanisms, Electroactive Materials, and Designed Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401264. [PMID: 38545963 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, significant progress in piezo-/triboelectric nanogenerators (PTEGs) has led to the development of cutting-edge wearable technologies. Nanofibers with good designability, controllable morphologies, large specific areas, and unique physicochemical properties provide a promising platform for PTEGs for various advanced applications. However, the further development of nanofiber-based PTEGs is limited by technical difficulties, ranging from materials design to device integration. Herein, the current developments in PTEGs based on electrospun nanofibers are systematically reviewed. This review begins with the mechanisms of PTEGs and the advantages of nanofibers and nanodevices, including high breathability, waterproofness, scalability, and thermal-moisture comfort. In terms of materials and structural design, novel electroactive nanofibers and structure assemblies based on 1D micro/nanostructures, 2D bionic structures, and 3D multilayered structures are discussed. Subsequently, nanofibrous PTEGs in applications such as energy harvesters, personalized medicine, personal protective equipment, and human-machine interactions are summarized. Nanofiber-based PTEGs still face many challenges such as energy efficiency, material durability, device stability, and device integration. Finally, the research gap between research and practical applications of PTEGs is discussed, and emerging trends are proposed, providing some ideas for the development of intelligent wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Zhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hanbai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Leqi Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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Sun Z, Yin Y, Jiang T, Zhou B, Ding H, Gai S, Yang P. Stretchable Unsymmetrical Piezoelectric BiO 2-x Deposited-Hydrogel as Multimodal Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Biomechanical Motion Harvesting. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400480. [PMID: 38803307 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is essential for increasing their application in smart devices. Oxygen-vacancy-rich BiO2-x nanosheets (BiO2-x NSs) are advanced-engineered nanomaterials with excellent piezoelectric properties. Herein, a stretchable unsymmetrical BiO2-x NSs deposited-hydrogel made of polyacrylamide (PAM) as a multimodal TENG is rationally fabricated, and the performance of TENG can be tailored by controlling the BiO2-x NSs deposition amount and spatial distribution. The alteration of resistance caused by the Poisson effect of PAM/BiO2-x composite hydrogel (H-BiO2-x) can be used as a piezoresistive sensor, and the piezoelectricity of BiO2-x NSs can effectively enhance the density of transfer charge, thus improving the output performance of the H-BiO2-x-based TENG. In addition, the chemical cross-linking between the BiO2-x NSs and the PAM polymer chain allows the hydrogel electrode to have a higher tensile capacity (867%). Used for biomechanical motion signal detection, the sensors made of H-BiO2-x have high sensitivity (gauge factor = 6.93) and can discriminate a range of forces (0.1-5.0 N) at low frequencies (0.5-2.0 Hz). Finally, the prepared TENG can collect biological energy and convert it into electricity. Consequently, the improved TENG shows a good application prospect as multimodal biomechanical sensors by combining piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yanqi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tianzong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Bingchen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - He Ding
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Sui J, Liu P, Jia Y, Guo R, Bao L, Zhao J, Dong L, Wang Y, Lin W, Liu Y, Wang J. Photomechaelectric Nanogenerators with Different Photoisomers and Dipole Units for Harvesting UV Light Energy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307786. [PMID: 38161248 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
To date, transforming environmental energy into electricity through a non-mechanical way is challenging. Herein, a series of photomechaelectric (PME) polyurethanes containing azobenzene-based photoisomer units and ionic liquid-based dipole units are synthesized, and corresponding PME nanogenerators (PME-NGs) to harvest electricity are fabricated. The dependence of the output performance of PME-NGs on the structure of the polyurethane is evaluated. The results show that the UV light energy can directly transduce into alternating-current (AC) electricity by PME-NGs via a non-mechanical way. The optimal open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of PME-NGs under UV illumination reach 17.4 V and 696 µA, respectively. After rectification, the AC electricity can be further transformed into direct-current (DC) electricity and stored in a capacitor to serve as a power system to actuate typical microelectronics. The output performance of PME-NGs is closely related to the hard segment content of the PME polyurethane and the radius of counter anions in the dipole units. Kelvin probe force microscopy is used to confirm the existence of the PME effect and the detailed mechanism about the generation of AC electricity in PME-NGs is proposed, referring to the back and forth drift of induced electrons on the two electrodes in contact with the PME polyurethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Sui
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Jia
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ruiling Guo
- Neijiang Senior Technical School, Neijiang, 641000, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Bao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Dong
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Lin
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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Xi J, Yang H, Li X, Wei R, Zhang T, Dong L, Yang Z, Yuan Z, Sun J, Hua Q. Recent Advances in Tactile Sensory Systems: Mechanisms, Fabrication, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:465. [PMID: 38470794 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is a cutting-edge field that has paved the way for artificial tactile systems that mimic biological functions of sensing mechanical stimuli. These systems have an immense potential to enhance human-machine interactions (HMIs). However, tactile sensing still faces formidable challenges in delivering precise and nuanced feedback, such as achieving a high sensitivity to emulate human touch, coping with environmental variability, and devising algorithms that can effectively interpret tactile data for meaningful interactions in diverse contexts. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of tactile sensory systems, such as piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric tactile sensors. We also review the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques for artificial tactile sensors. Next, we focus on the potential applications of HMIs, such as intelligent robotics, wearable devices, prosthetics, and medical healthcare. Finally, we conclude with the challenges and future development trends of tactile sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Xi
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huaiwen Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruilai Wei
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University (The Second People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei 230011, China
| | - Zuqing Yuan
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Junlu Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qilin Hua
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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Gu X, Cui M, Wang B, Liu G, Zhang J, Wang R, Zhang X. Effects of Ionic Liquids on Piezoelectric Properties of Electrospun Poly(L-lactic acid) Nanofiber Membranes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4957-4965. [PMID: 38313531 PMCID: PMC10831963 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly, degradable piezoelectric materials is of great significance for the environment. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a promising piezoelectric material as a degradable material. Here, we have introduced a series of ionic liquids (ILs) into PLLA spinning solution, and the PLLA/IL composite nanofiber membranes are prepared by electrospinning method. When the conductivity of the spinning solution is below 400 μS·cm-1, the addition of ILs, especially [EMIm][PF6], can significantly improve the morphology and piezoelectric properties of the PLLA/IL composite nanofiber membrane with the output voltage of 2.3 V under the pressure of 5 N, which is 4 times that of the PLLA nanofiber membrane. The improvement of the piezoelectric properties of PLLA/IL nanofiber membrane may be due to the high dipole moment generated by the C=O dipole after the interaction between the O atom in C=O on the PLLA molecular chain and the [EMIm]+ cation in the IL. This work has elucidated the effects of ILs on the properties of spinning solution and the piezoelectric properties of PLLA, which can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the preparation system of piezoelectric polymer and inspire the development of environmentally friendly flexible piezoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guyue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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9
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Kim MJ, Song Z, Yun TG, Kang MJ, Son DH, Pyun JC. Wearable fabric-based ZnO nanogenerator for biomechanical and biothermal monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115739. [PMID: 37826880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices that can mechanically conform to human skin are a necessity for reliable monitoring and decoding of biomechanical activities through skin. Most inorganic piezoelectrics, however, lack deformability and damage tolerance, impeding stable motion monitoring. Here, we present an air-permeable fabric-based ZnO nanogenerator with mechanical adaptivity to diverse deformations for wearable piezoelectric sensors, collecting biomechanical health data. We fabricate ZnO nanorods incorporated throughout the entire nylon fabric, with a strategically positioned neutral mechanical plane, for bending-sensitive electronics (2.59 μA mm). Its hierarchically interlocked geometry also permits sensitive tactile sensing (0.15 nA kPa-1). Various physiological information about activities, including pulse beating, breathing, saliva swallowing, and coughing, is attained using skin-mounted sensors. Further, the pyroelectric sensing capability of a mask-attached device is demonstrated by identifying specific respiratory patterns. Our wearable healthcare sensors hold great promise for real-time monitoring of health-related vital signs, informing individuals' health status without disrupting their daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Zhiquan Song
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Tae Gyeong Yun
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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10
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Mousavi A, Rahimnejad M, Azimzadeh M, Akbari M, Savoji H. Recent advances in smart wearable sensors as electronic skin. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10332-10354. [PMID: 37909384 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and multifunctional electronic devices and soft robots inspired by human organs, such as skin, have many applications. However, the emergence of electronic skins (e-skins) or textiles in biomedical engineering has made a great revolution in a myriad of people's lives who suffer from different types of diseases and problems in which their skin and muscles lose their appropriate functions. In this review, recent advances in the sensory function of the e-skins are described. Furthermore, we have categorized them from the sensory function perspective and highlighted their advantages and limitations. The categories are tactile sensors (including capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and optical), temperature, and multi-sensors. In addition, we summarized the most recent advancements in sensors and their particular features. The role of material selection and structure in sensory function and other features of the e-skins are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of these systems towards advanced biomedical applications are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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11
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Huang L, Hu Q, Gao S, Liu W, Wei X. Recent progress and applications of cellulose and its derivatives-based humidity sensors: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121139. [PMID: 37479446 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and its derivatives, which are low-cost, degradable, reproducible and highly hydrophilic, can serve as both substrate and humidity sensitive materials, making them more and more popular as ideal biomimetic materials for humidity sensors. Benefiting from these characteristics, cellulose-based humidity sensors cannot only exhibit high sensitivity, excellent mechanical performance, wide humidity response range, etc., but also can be applied to fields such as human health, medical care and agricultural product safety monitoring. Herein, cellulose-based humidity sensors are first classified according to the different conductive active materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, electrolytes, metal compounds, and polymer materials, based on which the latest research progress is introduced, and the roles of different types of conductive materials in cellulose-based humidity sensors are analyzed and summarized. Besides, the similarities and differences in their working mechanisms are expounded. Finally, the application scenarios of cellulose-based humidity sensors in human movement respiration and skin surface humidity monitoring are discussed, which can make readers quickly familiarize the current preparation method, working mechanism and subsequent development trend of cellulose-based humidity sensors more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qichang Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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12
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Zhao L, Ling Q, Fan X, Gu H. Self-Healable, Adhesive, Anti-Drying, Freezing-Tolerant, and Transparent Conductive Organohydrogel as Flexible Strain Sensor, Triboelectric Nanogenerator, and Skin Barrier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40975-40990. [PMID: 37584619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted tremendous interest in the construction of flexible strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) owing to their good stretchability and adjustable properties. Nevertheless, how to simultaneously achieve high transparency, self-healing, adhesion, antibacterial, anti-freezing, anti-drying, and biocompatibility properties through a simple method remains a challenge. Herein, a transparent, freezing-tolerant, and multifunctional organohydrogel (PAOAM-PDO) as electrode for strain sensors and TENGs was constructed through a free radical polymerization in the 1,3-propanediol (PDO)/water binary solvent system, in which oxide sodium alginate, aminated gelatin, acrylic acid, and AlCl3 were used as raw materials. The obtained PAOAM-PDO exhibited good transparency (>90%), self-healing, adhesiveness, antibacterial property, good conductivity (1.13 S/m), and long-term environmental stability. The introduction of PDO endowed PAOAM-PDO with freezing resistance with a low freezing point of -60 °C, and PAOAM-PDO could serve as a protective skin barrier to prevent frostbite at low temperature. PAOAM-PDO could be assembled as strain sensors to monitor heterogeneous human movements with high strain sensitivity (gauge factor of 7.05, strain = 233%). Meanwhile, PAOAM-PDO could be further fabricated as a TENG with a "sandwich" structure in single electrode mode. Moreover, the resulting TENG achieved electrical outputs with simple hand tapping and served as a self-powered device to light light-emitting diodes. This work displays a feasible strategy to build environment-tolerant and multifunctional organohydrogels, which possess potential applications in the wearable electronics and self-powered devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Qiangjun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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13
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Shi Q, He S, He Y, Wu Y, Liu R. Enhanced the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of polyacrylonitrile piezoelectric composite fibers filled with ionic liquids. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Shi
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Shifeng He
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yongqing He
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Ruofan Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing China
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14
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Zarei M, Lee G, Lee SG, Cho K. Advances in Biodegradable Electronic Skin: Material Progress and Recent Applications in Sensing, Robotics, and Human-Machine Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203193. [PMID: 35737931 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the electronics industry and proliferation of electronic materials and telecommunications technologies has led to the release of a massive amount of untreated electronic waste (e-waste) into the environment. Consequently, catastrophic environmental damage at the microbiome level and serious human health diseases threaten the natural fate of the planet. Currently, the demand for wearable electronics for applications in personalized medicine, electronic skins (e-skins), and health monitoring is substantial and growing. Therefore, "green" characteristics such as biodegradability, self-healing, and biocompatibility ensure the future application of wearable electronics and e-skins in biomedical engineering and bioanalytical sciences. Leveraging the biodegradability, sustainability, and biocompatibility of natural materials will dramatically influence the fabrication of environmentally friendly e-skins and wearable electronics. Here, the molecular and structural characteristics of biological skins and artificial e-skins are discussed. The focus then turns to the biodegradable materials, including natural and synthetic-polymer-based materials, and their recent applications in the development of biodegradable e-skin in wearable sensors, robotics, and human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Finally, the main challenges and outlook regarding the preparation and application of biodegradable e-skins are critically discussed in a near-future scenario, which is expected to lead to the next generation of biodegradable e-skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Korea
| | - Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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15
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Yin J, Reddy VS, Chinnappan A, Ramakrishna S, Xu L. Electrospun Micro/Nanofiber with Various Structures and Functions for Wearable Physical Sensors. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2158467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vundrala Sumedha Reddy
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lan Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Textile, Dyeing and Printing for Energy Conservation, Discharge Reduction and Cleaner Production (ERC), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Jia S, Gao H, Xue Z, Meng X. Recent Advances in Multifunctional Wearable Sensors and Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111057. [PMID: 36421175 PMCID: PMC9688294 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional wearable sensors and systems are of growing interest over the past decades because of real-time health monitoring and disease diagnosis capability. Owing to the tremendous efforts of scientists, wearable sensors and systems with attractive advantages such as flexibility, comfort, and long-term stability have been developed, which are widely used in temperature monitoring, pulse wave detection, gait pattern analysis, etc. Due to the complexity of human physiological signals, it is necessary to measure multiple physiological information simultaneously to evaluate human health comprehensively. This review summarizes the recent advances in multifunctional wearable sensors, including single sensors with various functions, planar integrated sensors, three-dimensional assembled sensors, and stacked integrated sensors. The design strategy, manufacturing method, and potential application of each type of sensor are discussed. Finally, we offer an outlook on future developments and provide perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities of wearable multifunctional sensing technology.
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17
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AC/DC dual-type pressure and movement sensor based on the nanoresistance network. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Tan J, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liang J, Li T, Liu Y, Jiang H, Li P. Flexible Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Nanogenerators Based on PAN/TMAB Nanocomposite Fiber Mats for Self-Power Multifunctional Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46789-46800. [PMID: 36194663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered wearable electronics to convert mechanical and thermal energy into electrical energy are important for biomedical monitoring, which highly require good flexibility, comfortability, signal sensitivity, and accuracy. In this work, composite nanofiber mats of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and trimethylamine borane (TMAB) were prepared by electrospinning, which exhibited excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric abilities in harvesting mechanical and thermal energy. The PAN/TMAB-4 nanofiber mats not only generated a high voltage of up to 2.56 V and a high power of 0.19 μW upon shape deformation but also exhibited linear voltage response to thermal gradient. The hybrid piezoelectric and pyroelectric output signals were successfully integrated together and have been applied to precisely monitor human vital signs, including elbow bending angles, foot posture, and breathing status, in real time by attaching the flexible sensors to proper human body parts. Overall, good flexibility, bifunctional sensing ability, and self-power make PAN-/TMAB-type sensors very attractive in fabricating high-performance electronics for detecting motion, monitoring health, and making portable microelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Yinhui Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Yong Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Jianqiang Tan
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi030032, China
| | - Hulin Zhang
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Jianguo Liang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi030001, China
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - Pengwei Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi030024, China
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19
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Wu H, Hu Z, Geng Q, Chen Z, Song Y, Chu J, Ning X, Dong S, Yuan D. Facile preparation of CuMOF-modified multifunctional nanofiber membrane for high-efficient filtration/separation in complex environments. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Ji JH, Lee G, Koh JH. Synthesis of a nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide based ceramic polymer composite nanofiber film for wearable device applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15583. [PMID: 36114221 PMCID: PMC9481529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, piezoelectric composite nanofiber films were fabricated by introducing nitrogen-doped-reduced-graphene-oxide as a conductive material to a P(VDF-TrFE) polymer and a BiScO3–PbTiO3 ceramic composite employing an electrospinning process. Nitrogen was doped/substituted into rGO to remove or compensate defects formed during the reduction process. Electro-spinning process was employed to extract piezoelectric composite nanofiber films under self-poling condition. Interdigital electrodes was employed to make planner type energy harvesters to collect electro-mechanical energy applied to the flexible energy harvester. From the piezoelectric composite with interdigital electrode, the effective dielectric permittivity extracted from the conformal mapping method. By introducing BS–PT ceramics and N-rGO conductors to the P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric composite nanofiber films, the effective dielectric permittivity was improved from 8.2 to 15.5. This improved effective dielectric constant probably come from the increased electric flux density due to the increased conductivity. Fabricated interdigital electrode using this thin composite nanofiber film was designed and tested for wearable device applications. An external mechanical force of 350 N was applied to the composite nanofiber-based energy harvester with interdigital electrodes at a rate of 0.6 Hz, the peak voltage and current were 13 V and 1.25 μA, respectively. By optimizing the device fabrication, the open-circuit voltage, stored voltage, and generated output power obtained were 12.4 V, 3.78 V, and 6.3 μW, respectively.
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21
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Synergistic effect of multiple hydrogen bond and disulfide bond on self-healing waterborne conductive polyurethane composite. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Comparison between Piezoelectric and Piezoresistive Wearable Gait Monitoring Techniques. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144837. [PMID: 35888304 PMCID: PMC9321623 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Insole plantar stress detection (PSD) techniques play an important role in gait monitoring. Among the various insole PSD methods, piezoelectric- and piezoresistive-based architectures are broadly used in medical scenes. Each year, a growing number of new research outcomes are reported. Hence, a deep understanding of these two kinds of insole PSD sensors and state-of-the-art work would strongly benefit the researchers in this highly interdisciplinary field. In this context, this review article is composed of the following aspects. First, the mechanisms of the two techniques and corresponding comparisons are explained and discussed. Second, advanced materials which could enhance the performance of current piezoelectric and piezoresistive insole prototypes are introduced. Third, suggestions for designing insole PSD prototypes/products for different diseases are offered. Last, the current challenge and potential future trends are provided.
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23
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Yin Y, Guo C, Li H, Yang H, Xiong F, Chen D. The Progress of Research into Flexible Sensors in the Field of Smart Wearables. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5089. [PMID: 35890768 PMCID: PMC9319532 DOI: 10.3390/s22145089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In modern society, technology associated with smart sensors made from flexible materials is rapidly evolving. As a core component in the field of wearable smart devices (or 'smart wearables'), flexible sensors have the advantages of excellent flexibility, ductility, free folding properties, and more. When choosing materials for the development of sensors, reduced weight, elasticity, and wearer's convenience are considered as advantages, and are suitable for electronic skin, monitoring of health-related issues, biomedicine, human-computer interactions, and other fields of biotechnology. The idea behind wearable sensory devices is to enable their easy integration into everyday life. This review discusses the concepts of sensory mechanism, detected object, and contact form of flexible sensors, and expounds the preparation materials and their applicability. This is with the purpose of providing a reference for the further development of flexible sensors suitable for wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Yin
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Hong Li
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Hongying Yang
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
- Henan Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile and Garment Industry, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Fan Xiong
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Dongyi Chen
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (C.G.); (H.L.); (H.Y.); (F.X.); (D.C.)
- College of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, China
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24
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Optimization of Nanofiber Wearable Heart Rate Sensor Module for Human Motion Detection. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1747822. [PMID: 35756404 PMCID: PMC9225885 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1747822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to further improve the detection performance of the wearable heart rate sensor for human physiological and biochemical signals and body kinematics performance, the wearable heart rate sensor module was optimized by using nanofibers. Nanoparticle-doped graphene films were prepared by adding nanoparticles to a graphene oxide solution. The prepared film was placed in toluene, and the nanoparticles were removed to complete the preparation of a graphene film with a porous microstructure. The graphene film and the conductive film together formed a wearable heart rate sensor module. The strain response test of the porous graphene film wearable heart rate sensor module verifies the validity of the research in this paper. The resistance change of the wearable heart rate sensor module based on the PGF-2 film is 8 to 16 times higher than that of the RGO film, and the sensitivity is better, proving that the sensor module designed by this method shows significant application potential in human motion detection.
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Anwer AH, Khan N, Ansari MZ, Baek SS, Yi H, Kim S, Noh SM, Jeong C. Recent Advances in Touch Sensors for Flexible Wearable Devices. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22124460. [PMID: 35746242 PMCID: PMC9229189 DOI: 10.3390/s22124460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Many modern user interfaces are based on touch, and such sensors are widely used in displays, Internet of Things (IoT) projects, and robotics. From lamps to touchscreens of smartphones, these user interfaces can be found in an array of applications. However, traditional touch sensors are bulky, complicated, inflexible, and difficult-to-wear devices made of stiff materials. The touch screen is gaining further importance with the trend of current IoT technology flexibly and comfortably used on the skin or clothing to affect different aspects of human life. This review presents an updated overview of the recent advances in this area. Exciting advances in various aspects of touch sensing are discussed, with particular focus on materials, manufacturing, enhancements, and applications of flexible wearable sensors. This review further elaborates on the theoretical principles of various types of touch sensors, including resistive, piezoelectric, and capacitive sensors. The traditional and novel hybrid materials and manufacturing technologies of flexible sensors are considered. This review highlights the multidisciplinary applications of flexible touch sensors, such as e-textiles, e-skins, e-control, and e-healthcare. Finally, the obstacles and prospects for future research that are critical to the broader development and adoption of the technology are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hakeem Anwer
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
- Industrial Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India;
| | - Nishat Khan
- Industrial Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India;
| | - Mohd Zahid Ansari
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Sang-Soo Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hoon Yi
- Mechanical Technology Group, Global Manufacturing Center, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., 150 Maeyeong-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16674, Korea;
| | - Soeun Kim
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Korea;
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.); (C.J.); Tel.: +82-52-241-6070 (S.M.N.); +82-52-810-2442 (C.J.)
| | - Changyoon Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.); (C.J.); Tel.: +82-52-241-6070 (S.M.N.); +82-52-810-2442 (C.J.)
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26
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Babu VJ, Anusha M, Sireesha M, Sundarrajan S, Abdul Haroon Rashid SSA, Kumar AS, Ramakrishna S. Intelligent Nanomaterials for Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensor Applications: The Science behind Diverse Mechanisms, Fabrication Methods, and Real-Time Healthcare. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2219. [PMID: 35683893 PMCID: PMC9182624 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become a scientific obligation to unveil the underlying mechanisms and the fabrication methods behind wearable/stretchable strain sensors based on intelligent nanomaterials in order to explore their possible potential in the field of biomedical and healthcare applications. This report is based on an extensive literature survey of fabrication of stretchable strain sensors (SSS) based on nanomaterials in the fields of healthcare, sports, and entertainment. Although the evolution of wearable strain sensors (WSS) is rapidly progressing, it is still at a prototype phase and various challenges need to be addressed in the future in special regard to their fabrication protocols. The biocalamity of COVID-19 has brought a drastic change in humans' lifestyles and has negatively affected nations in all capacities. Social distancing has become a mandatory rule to practice in common places where humans interact with each other as a basic need. As social distancing cannot be ruled out as a measure to stop the spread of COVID-19 virus, wearable sensors could play a significant role in technologically impacting people's consciousness. This review article meticulously describes the role of wearable and strain sensors in achieving such objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veluru Jagadeesh Babu
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (M.S.); (S.S.A.A.H.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Merum Anusha
- Department of Pharmacology, S V Medical College, Dr NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada 517501, India;
| | - Merum Sireesha
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (M.S.); (S.S.A.A.H.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (M.S.); (S.S.A.A.H.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Syed Sulthan Alaudeen Abdul Haroon Rashid
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (M.S.); (S.S.A.A.H.R.); (S.R.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - A. Senthil Kumar
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (M.S.); (S.S.A.A.H.R.); (S.R.)
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Hu K, Feng J, Hai Q, Jiang W, Lyu Z, Lv N. One-step construction of flexible conductive-piezoelectric nanoresistance network material for pressure sensing and positioning. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Deng W, Zhou Y, Libanori A, Chen G, Yang W, Chen J. Piezoelectric nanogenerators for personalized healthcare. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3380-3435. [PMID: 35352069 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators has experienced rapid progress in the past decade and is serving as the technological foundation of future state-of-the-art personalized healthcare. Due to their highly efficient mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion, easy implementation, and self-powering nature, these devices permit a plethora of innovative healthcare applications in the space of active sensing, electrical stimulation therapy, as well as passive human biomechanical energy harvesting to third party power on-body devices. This article gives a comprehensive review of the piezoelectric nanogenerators for personalized healthcare. After a brief introduction to the fundamental physical science of the piezoelectric effect, material engineering strategies, device structural designs, and human-body centered energy harvesting, sensing, and therapeutics applications are also systematically discussed. In addition, the challenges and opportunities of utilizing piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered bioelectronics and personalized healthcare are outlined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Alberto Libanori
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Weiqing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Zeng X, Deng HT, Wen DL, Li YY, Xu L, Zhang XS. Wearable Multi-Functional Sensing Technology for Healthcare Smart Detection. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:254. [PMID: 35208378 PMCID: PMC8874439 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of wearable multi-functional sensing technology to fulfill the requirements of healthcare smart detection, and much progress has been achieved. Due to the appealing characteristics of flexibility, stretchability and long-term stability, the sensors have been used in a wide range of applications, such as respiration monitoring, pulse wave detection, gait pattern analysis, etc. Wearable sensors based on single mechanisms are usually capable of sensing only one physiological or motion signal. In order to measure, record and analyze comprehensive physical conditions, it is indispensable to explore the wearable sensors based on hybrid mechanisms and realize the integration of multiple smart functions. Herein, we have summarized various working mechanisms (resistive, capacitive, triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermo-electric, pyroelectric) and hybrid mechanisms that are incorporated into wearable sensors. More importantly, to make wearable sensors work persistently, it is meaningful to combine flexible power units and wearable sensors and form a self-powered system. This article also emphasizes the utility of self-powered wearable sensors from the perspective of mechanisms, and gives applications. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging materials and structures that are applied to achieve high sensitivity. In the end, we present perspectives on the outlooks of wearable multi-functional sensing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zeng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Hai-Tao Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Dan-Liang Wen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Yao-Yao Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Li Xu
- Rehabilitation Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Zhao G, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Wan X, Zhang Y, Wang ZL, Li L. Stretchable Unsymmetrical Piezoelectric BaTiO 3 Composite Hydrogel for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Multimodal Sensors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1661-1670. [PMID: 35014254 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is crucial for expanding their applications in smart devices, especially for flexible and wearable bioelectronics. In this study, we design and fabricate a flexible, stretchable, and highly transparent TENG based on an unsymmetrical PAM/BTO composite film, made of polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel and BaTiO3 nanocubes (BTO NCs, BTO), and the TENG performance can be tailored by adjusting the amount and distribution location of BTO. The stretchable hydrogel electrode could bear over 8 times stretching. By changing the content and distribution location of BTO in the unsymmetrical hydrogel film, the output of the fabricated TENGs could be improved, acting as pressure sensors with high sensitivity to distinguish a spectrum of forces (0.25-6 N) at the low frequency. The mechanism of the enhanced output performance of the PAM/BTO composite hydrogel-based TENG is discussed in detail. By integrating piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric effects, the optimized TENG and piezoresistive sensors are used as multimodal biomechanical sensors for detecting the motions of human bodies, pressure, and curvature with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Gengrui Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Zichao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
| | - Xingyi Wan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
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31
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Nguyen TD, Lee JS. Recent Development of Flexible Tactile Sensors and Their Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:s22010050. [PMID: 35009588 PMCID: PMC8747637 DOI: 10.3390/s22010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of society in recent decades, the wearable sensor has attracted attention for motion-based health care and artificial applications. However, there are still many limitations to applying them in real life, particularly the inconvenience that comes from their large size and non-flexible systems. To solve these problems, flexible small-sized sensors that use body motion as a stimulus are studied to directly collect more accurate and diverse signals. In particular, tactile sensors are applied directly on the skin and provide input signals of motion change for the flexible reading device. This review provides information about different types of tactile sensors and their working mechanisms that are piezoresistive, piezocapacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric. Moreover, this review presents not only the applications of the tactile sensor in motion sensing and health care monitoring, but also their contributions in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years. Other applications, such as human behavior studies, are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Seop Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-750-5814; Fax: +82-31-750-5389
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32
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Recent Development of Multifunctional Sensors Based on Low-Dimensional Materials. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21227727. [PMID: 34833801 PMCID: PMC8618950 DOI: 10.3390/s21227727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With the demand for accurately recognizing human actions and environmental situations, multifunctional sensors are essential elements for smart applications in various emerging technologies, such as smart robots, human-machine interface, and wearable electronics. Low-dimensional materials provide fertile soil for multifunction-integrated devices. This review focuses on the multifunctional sensors for mechanical stimulus and environmental information, such as strain, pressure, light, temperature, and gas, which are fabricated from low-dimensional materials. The material characteristics, device architecture, transmission mechanisms, and sensing functions are comprehensively and systematically introduced. Besides multiple sensing functions, the integrated potential ability of supplying energy and expressing and storing information are also demonstrated. Some new process technologies and emerging research areas are highlighted. It is presented that optimization of device structures, appropriate material selection for synergy effect, and application of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics are effective approaches for constructing and improving the performance of multifunctional sensors. Finally, the current challenges and direction of future development are proposed.
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Xiang S, You H, Miao X, Niu L, Yao C, Jiang Y, Zhou G. An Ultra-Sensitive Multi-Functional Optical Micro/Nanofiber Based on Stretchable Encapsulation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7437. [PMID: 34833512 PMCID: PMC8618424 DOI: 10.3390/s21227437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable optical fiber sensors (SOFSs), which are promising and ultra-sensitive next-generation sensors, have achieved prominent success in applications including health monitoring, robotics, and biological-electronic interfaces. Here, we report an ultra-sensitive multi-functional optical micro/nanofiber embedded with a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, which is compatible with wearable optical sensors. Based on the effect of a strong evanescent field, the as-fabricated SOFS is highly sensitive to strain, achieving high sensitivity with a peak gauge factor of 450. In addition, considering the large negative thermo-optic coefficient of PDMS, temperature measurements in the range of 30 to 60 °C were realized, resulting in a 0.02 dBm/°C response. In addition, wide-range detection of humidity was demonstrated by a peak sensitivity of 0.5 dB/% RH, with less than 10% variation at each humidity stage. The robust sensing performance, together with the flexibility, enables the real-time monitoring of pulse, body temperature, and respiration. This as-fabricated SOFS provides significant potential for the practical application of wearable healthcare sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guorui Zhou
- Department of Engineering Optics, Research Center of Laser Fusion CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China; (S.X.); (H.Y.); (X.M.); (L.N.); (C.Y.); (Y.J.)
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Li Y, Yuan D, Geng Q, Yang X, Wu H, Xie Y, Wang L, Ning X, Ming J. MOF-Embedded Bifunctional Composite Nanofiber Membranes with a Tunable Hierarchical Structure for High-Efficiency PM 0.3 Purification and Oil/Water Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39831-39843. [PMID: 34374511 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a unique hierarchically structured composite nanofiber membrane, consisting of a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8-embedded polyethersulfone (PES@ZIF8) fiber layer and a polysulfonamide/polyethersulfone (PSA/PES) fiber layer, was successfully developed to cope with the complex environments during the actual filtration/separation process and overcome the conflict between high filtration efficiency and low air pressure resistance. Due to the advantages of the synergistic effect of multicomponents and the bi-layer hierarchical structure, the integrated PES@ZIF8-PSA/PES filter possesses an extremely high air filtration efficiency (up to 99.986%) under a very low pressure drop (only 15 Pa), superior PM0.3 purification capacity (close to 99.95%), long-term recycling ability for purifying real smoke PM2.5 from >800 to <10 μg/m3, extremely high temperature resistance (exceed 200 °C), flame retardancy, good chemical stability, satisfactory transmittance, and robust self-cleaning ability. Apart from these, it achieves effective separation of oil-water mixtures and oil-water emulsions as a result of selective wettability including hydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. In particular, the PES@ZIF8-PSA/PES nanofiber membranes maintain outstanding air filtration and oil/water separation properties under the high temperature or strong acid/alkali conditions. This special comprehensive performance gives the PES@ZIF8-PSA/PES-based filtration/separation membranes a wider application prospect ranging from environmental governance to individual protection and industrial security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajian Li
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qian Geng
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Huizhi Wu
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Xie
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Liming Wang
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ning
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jinfa Ming
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, P. R. China
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Oh HS, Lee CH, Kim NK, An T, Kim GH. Review: Sensors for Biosignal/Health Monitoring in Electronic Skin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2478. [PMID: 34372081 PMCID: PMC8347500 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest sensory organ and receives information from external stimuli. Human body signals have been monitored using wearable devices, which are gradually being replaced by electronic skin (E-skin). We assessed the basic technologies from two points of view: sensing mechanism and material. Firstly, E-skins were fabricated using a tactile sensor. Secondly, E-skin sensors were composed of an active component performing actual functions and a flexible component that served as a substrate. Based on the above fabrication processes, the technologies that need more development were introduced. All of these techniques, which achieve high performance in different ways, are covered briefly in this paper. We expect that patients' quality of life can be improved by the application of E-skin devices, which represent an applied advanced technology for real-time bio- and health signal monitoring. The advanced E-skins are convenient and suitable to be applied in the fields of medicine, military and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Seok Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University (CBNU), 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28644, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (H.S.O.); (C.H.L.); (N.K.K.)
| | - Chung Hyeon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University (CBNU), 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28644, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (H.S.O.); (C.H.L.); (N.K.K.)
| | - Na Kyoung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University (CBNU), 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28644, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (H.S.O.); (C.H.L.); (N.K.K.)
| | - Taechang An
- Department of Mechanical & Robotics Engineering, Andong National University (ANU), 1375, Gyeong-dong-ro, Andong-si 36729, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Geon Hwee Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University (CBNU), 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28644, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (H.S.O.); (C.H.L.); (N.K.K.)
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Tsikriteas ZM, Roscow JI, Bowen CR, Khanbareh H. Flexible ferroelectric wearable devices for medical applications. iScience 2021; 24:101987. [PMID: 33490897 PMCID: PMC7811144 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable electronics are becoming increasingly important for medical applications as they have revolutionized the way physiological parameters are monitored. Ferroelectric materials show spontaneous polarization below the Curie temperature, which changes with electric field, temperature, and mechanical deformation. Therefore, they have been widely used in sensor and actuator applications. In addition, these materials can be used for conversion of human-body energy into electricity for powering wearable electronics. In this paper, we review the recent advances in flexible ferroelectric materials for wearable human energy harvesting and sensing. To meet the performance requirements for medical applications, the most suitable materials and manufacturing techniques are reviewed. The approaches used to enhance performance and achieve long-term sustainability and multi-functionality by integrating other active sensing mechanisms (e.g. triboelectric and piezoresistive effects) are discussed. Data processing and transmission as well as the contribution of wearable piezoelectric devices in early disease detection and monitoring vital signs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zois Michail Tsikriteas
- Materials and Structures Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James I. Roscow
- Materials and Structures Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Chris R. Bowen
- Materials and Structures Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Hamideh Khanbareh
- Materials and Structures Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Hybridized Nanogenerators for Multifunctional Self-Powered Sensing: Principles, Prototypes, and Perspectives. iScience 2020; 23:101813. [PMID: 33305177 PMCID: PMC7708823 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensors are a key component of the Internet of Things (IoTs) to collect information of environments or objects. Considering the tremendous number and complex working conditions of sensors, multifunction and self-powered feathers are two basic requirements. Nanogenerators are a kind of devices based on the triboelectric, piezoelectric, or pyroelectric effects to harvest ambient energy and then converting to electricity. The hybridized nanogenerators that combined multiple effects in one device have great potential in multifunctional self-powered sensors because of the unique superiority such as generating electrical signals directly, responding to diverse stimuli, etc. This review aims at introducing the latest advancements of hybridized nanogenerators for multifunctional self-powered sensing. Firstly, the principles and sensor prototypes based on TENG are summarized. To avoid signal interference and energy insufficiently, the multifunctional self-powered sensors based on hybridized nanogenerators are reviewed. At last, the challenges and future development of multifunctional self-powered sensors have prospected.
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38
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Recent Progress in Pressure Sensors for Wearable Electronics: From Design to Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, innovative research has been widely conducted on flexible devices for wearable electronics applications. Many examples of wearable electronics, such as smartwatches and glasses, are already available to consumers. However, strictly speaking, the sensors used in these devices are not flexible. Many studies are underway to address a wider range of wearable electronics and the development of related fields is progressing very rapidly. In particular, there is intense interest in the research field of flexible pressure sensors because they can collect and use information regarding a wide variety of sources. Through the combination of novel materials and fabrication methods, human-machine interfaces, biomedical sensors, and motion detection techniques, it is now possible to produce sensors with a superior level of performance to meet the demands of wearable electronics. In addition, more compact and human-friendly sensors have been invented in recent years, as biodegradable and self-powered sensor systems have been studied. In this review, a comprehensive description of flexible pressure sensors will be covered, and design strategies that meet the needs for applications in wearable electronics will be presented. Moreover, we will cover several fabrication methods to implement these technologies and the corresponding real-world applications.
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Pan J, Zhang Z, Jiang C, Zhang L, Tong L. A multifunctional skin-like wearable optical sensor based on an optical micro-/nanofibre. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17538-17544. [PMID: 32812610 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional skin-like sensors play an important role in next-generation healthcare, robotics, and bioelectronics. Here, we report a skin-like wearable optical sensor (SLWOS) enabled by a stretchable, flexible, and attachable patch embedded with an optical micro-/nanofibre (MNF), which is highly compatible with human skin, a curved surface, or cloth. Based on the transition from radiation modes into guided modes around the bending area of the MNF, the SLWOS embedded with a wavy MNF is highly sensitive to weak strain, achieving a gauge factor as large as 675 (strain <1%). The flexible SLWOS is also capable of monitoring the bending angle in a broad dynamic range with tunable sensitivity. In addition, temperature measurements in the range of -20 to 130 °C are realized by taking advantage of PDMS's large negative thermo-optic coefficient. The superior sensing performance together with mechanical flexibility enables the real-time monitoring of respiration, arm motion, and body temperature. This SLWOS will have great potential in wearable optical devices ranging from ultrasensitive sensors to photonic healthcare devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Ding X, Zhong W, Jiang H, Li M, Chen Y, Lu Y, Ma J, Yadav A, Yang L, Wang D. Highly Accurate Wearable Piezoresistive Sensors without Tension Disturbance Based on Weaved Conductive Yarn. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35638-35646. [PMID: 32658449 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wearable piezoresistive sensors have attracted wide attention for application in human activities monitoring, smart robots, medical detection, etc. However, most of the sensing signals collected from the piezoresistive sensor are triggered by coupling forces, such as the combination of tension and pressure. Thus, the piezoresistive sensor would be incapable of accurately monitoring and evaluating specific human motion due to the mutual interference from tension and pressure, as the tension is difficult to be decoupled or eliminated from the coupling forces. Herein a prestretchable conductive yarn (PCY) sensor with pressure sensitivity but tension insensitivity was introduced to remove the disturbance from tension. The PCY-based piezoresistive sensor is tension insensitive (gauge factor of 0.11) but pressure sensitive (sensitivity of 187.33 MPa-1). The fabric-based pressure sensor assembled with cross-arranged PCY weft and warp revealed magnified pressure sensitivity compared with the single PCY yarn sensor, as well as tension insensitivity to strain and tensile angle. Moreover, it possessed benign cyclicity during 5000 cycles of pressing/releasing. Therefore, the fabric piezoresistive sensor based on weaved conductive yarns is suitable for highly accurate and large area pressure detection, such as monitoring massage intensity of acupuncture points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Weibing Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Haiqing Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Mufang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Ashish Yadav
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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Cai T, Yang Y, Bi T, Bi E, Li Y. BaTiO 3 assisted PAN fiber preparation of high performance flexible nanogenerator. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:24LT01. [PMID: 32208368 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7b87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber films have shown greater advantages over polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in the field of energy harvesting. Adding other substances with high piezoelectric coefficient is worth exploring to further improve the output voltage of PAN. Here, we successfully dispersed high dielectric constant barium titanate in PAN nanofiber films with different dosages using an electrospinning technology. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated that BaTiO3 nanoparticles aid in transforming PAN from a 31-helical conformation to a planar zigzag conformation, thus improving the output voltage of PAN nanofibers significantly and also promoting its mechanical properties. In addition, the human body function monitoring experiment showed a good response current to the rhythm of elbow bending, knee bending, running, and breathing. Besides, when a simple rectifier circuit was applied, the capacitor could be charged to 2 V in less than 2 min and light a commercial LED through repeated tapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luliang University, Lvliang, 033000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Mining Engineering, Key Laboratory of Maintenance and Inspection of Coal Mine Mechanical Equipment, Luliang University, Lvliang, 033000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Bi
- Material Forming and Control Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Jincheng, 048011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ernest Bi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luliang University, Lvliang, 033000, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luliang University, Lvliang, 033000, People's Republic of China
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Gwon YJ, Lee JJ, Lee KW, Ogden MD, Harwood LM, Lee TS. Prussian Blue Decoration on Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Using Polydopamine for Effective Cs Ion Removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Gwon
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong Jun Lee
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kune-Woo Lee
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mark D. Ogden
- Separations and Nuclear Chemical Engineering Research, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence M. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, United Kingdom
| | - Taek Seung Lee
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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43
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Gao X, Zheng M, Yan X, Fu J, Hou Y, Zhu M. High performance piezocomposites for flexible device application. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5175-5185. [PMID: 32073110 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible piezocomposites have emerged as promising materials for highly durable wearable devices. Here, we propose a new design strategy, namely particle alignment engineering, to develop high performance flexible piezocomposites by dielectrophoresis (DEP). An ultrahigh piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33) of 600 × 10-3 V m N-1 is achieved by a composite of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.90Zr0.10)O3 (BCZT) particles aligned in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. To the best of our knowledge, this g33 value is by far the highest ever achieved in piezocomposites. The significantly improved poling electric voltage applied to the BCZT particles and hugely enhanced stress-transfer capability of the aligned composite synergistically contribute to the record-high piezoelectric response in flexible piezocomposites. The fabricated flexible piezoelectric touch sensor and wearable keyboard possess an excellent sensitivity and cycling stability, which demonstrate a promising strategy for exploring high performance piezocomposites for flexible device application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Mupeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yudong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Mankang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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Si M, Wang D, Zhao R, Pan D, Zhang C, Yu C, Lu X, Zhao H, Bai Y. Local Electric-Field-Driven Fast Li Diffusion Kinetics at the Piezoelectric LiTaO 3 Modified Li-Rich Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902538. [PMID: 32042568 PMCID: PMC7001634 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising cathodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs), Li-rich materials have been extensively investigated for their high energy densities. However, the practical application of Li-rich cathodes is extremely retarded by the sluggish electrode-electrolyte interface kinetics and structure instability. In this context, piezoelectric LiTaO3 is employed to functionalize the surface of Li1.2Ni0.17Mn0.56Co0.07O2 (LNMCO), aiming to boost the interfacial Li+ transport process in LIBs. The results demonstrate that the 2 wt% LiTaO3-LNMCO electrode exhibits a stable capacity of 209.2 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C after 200 cycles and 172.4 mAh g-1 at 3 C. Further investigation reveals that such superior electrochemical performances of the LiTaO3 modified electrode results from the additional driving force from the piezoelectric LiTaO3 layer in promoting Li+ diffusion at the interface, as well as the stabilized bulk structure of LNMCO. The supplemented LiTaO3 layer on the LNMCO surface herein, sheds new light on the development of better Li-rich cathodes toward high energy density applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Si
- School of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Du Pan
- School of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Caiyan Yu
- School of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics and Electronics EducationSchool of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Xia Lu
- School of MaterialsSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- School of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Physics & ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
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45
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Recent progress in tactile sensors and their applications in intelligent systems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:70-88. [PMID: 36659072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of intelligent technology, tactile sensors as sensing devices constitute the core foundation of intelligent systems. Biological organs that can sense various stimuli play vital roles in the interaction between human beings and the external environment. Inspired by this fact, research on skin-like tactile sensors with multifunctionality and high performance has attracted extensive attention. An overview of the development of high-performance tactile sensors applied in intelligent systems is systematically presented. First, the development of tactile sensors endowed with stretchability, self-healing, biodegradability, high resolution and self-powered capability is discussed. Then, for intelligent systems, tactile sensors with excellent application prospects in many fields, such as wearable devices, medical treatment, artificial limbs and robotics, are presented. Finally, the future prospects of tactile sensors for intelligent systems are discussed.
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46
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Crafting NiCo2O4@Co9S8 nanotrees on carbon cloth as flexible pressure sensors for effectively monitoring human motion. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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47
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A supersensitive MSPQC bacterium sensor based on 16S rRNA and “DNA-RNA switch”. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 138:111302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Almansoori MT, Li X, Zheng L. A Brief Review on E-skin and its Multifunctional Sensing Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2405465804666190313154903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) is an artificial skin that mimics the sensing capabilities of human
skin, which brings many potential applications in robotics, artificial intelligence, prosthetics, and
health monitoring technologies. Many attempts associated with various mechanisms/approaches and
materials/structures have been developed to match the e-skins to the particular functions of specific
applications. Along the time, high sensitivity, mechanical flexibility/stretchability, multifunction, and
large area are common driving forces in the research area. New materials, with a variety of structures
and unique properties, offer a plenty of freedoms in designing and fabricating e-skins. Significant
progress has been made in recently years. This paper firstly reviews the most recent progress on nanomaterial-
based e-skins according to four major sensing mechanisms, with an emphasis on the effects
of various materials on the sensitivity and stretchability of e-skins. Then the paper updates the
progress and effort with respect to multifunctional e-skins and organic-thin-film-transistor based
large-area e-skins. Further development possibilities are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Turki Almansoori
- Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xuan Li
- Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lianxi Zheng
- Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
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49
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Majumder S, Basera P, Tripathi M, Choudhary RJ, Bhattacharya S, Bapna K, Phase DM. Elucidating the origin of magnetic ordering in ferroelectric BaTiO 3- d thin film via electronic structure modification. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:205001. [PMID: 30759426 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab06d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the motive of unraveling the origin of native vacancy induced magnetization in ferroelectric perovskite oxide systems, here we explore the consequences of electronic structure modification in magnetic ordering of oxygen deficient epitaxial BaTiO[Formula: see text] thin films. Our adapted methodology employs state-of-the-art experimental approaches viz. photo-emission, photo-absorption spectroscopies, magnetometric measurements duly combined with first principles based theoretical methods within the frame work of density functional theory (DFT and DFT+U) calculations. Oxygen vacancy (O[Formula: see text]) is observed leading partial population of Ti 3d (t 2g ), which induces defect state in electronic structure near the Fermi level and reduces the band gap. The oxygen deficient BaTiO2.75 film reveals Mott-Hubbard insulator characteristic, in contrast to the band gap insulating nature of the stoichiometric BaTiO3. The observed magnetic ordering is attributed to the asymmetric distribution of spin polarized charge density in the vicinity of O[Formula: see text] site, which originates unequal magnetic moment values at first and second nearest neighboring Ti sites, respectively. Hereby, we present an exclusive method for maneuvering the band gap and on-site electron correlation energy with consequences on magnetic properties of BaTiO[Formula: see text] system, which can open a gateway for designing novel single phase multiferroic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo Majumder
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore 452001, India
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Qiu J, Liu F, Yue C, Ling C, Li A. A recyclable nanosheet of Mo/N-doped TiO 2 nanorods decorated on carbon nanofibers for organic pollutants degradation under simulated sunlight irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:280-293. [PMID: 30321808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanosheet of Mo/N-codoped TiO2 nanorods immobilized on carbon nanofibers (MNTC nanosheet) was self-synthesized through two facile steps. The Mo/N-doped TiO2 nanorods dispersed through in situ growth on the network constructed by long and vertical carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The fabricated MNTC nanosheet displayed superb photocatalytic activity of methylene blue (MB), and the degradation ratio by the MNTC nanosheet was nearly twice than that of pure nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activities during the degradation process in the presence of environmental media such as inorganic salts and natural organic matter (NOM) were also determined. Intermediates were analyzed by ion chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry to unravel the potential degradation pathways, and the excellent mineralization ratio for MB over MNTC nanosheet was 79.8%. The trapping active species experiments verified that h+ was the main active species in the degradation process. Notably, the recycling experiment proved that the MNTC nanosheet was more stable, and it was successfully applied in purifying practical wastewater. Lastly, the fabricated MNTC nanosheet also displayed remarkable degradation performance towards sulfamethoxazole and bisphenol A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Chemical Industrial Waste Water Disposal Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Cailiang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Chemical Industrial Waste Water Disposal Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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