1
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Cheng X, Tempeler J, Danylyuk S, Böker A, Tsarkova L. Disclosing Topographical and Chemical Patterns in Confined Films of High-Molecular-Weight Block Copolymers under Controlled Solvothermal Annealing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1943. [PMID: 39000798 PMCID: PMC11243801 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The microphase separation of high-molecular-weight block copolymers into nanostructured films is strongly dependent on the surface fields. Both, the chain mobility and the effective interaction parameters can lead to deviations from the bulk morphologies in the structures adjacent to the substrate. Resolving frustrated morphologies with domain period L0 above 100 nm is an experimental challenge. Here, solvothermal annealing was used to assess the contribution of elevated temperatures of the vapor Tv and of the substrate Ts on the evolution of the microphase-separated structures in thin films symmetric of polystyrene-b-poly(2vinylpyridine) block copolymer (PS-PVP) with L0 about 120 nm. Pronounced topographic mesh-like and stripe patterns develop on a time scale of min and are attributed to the perforated lamella (PL) and up-standing lamella phases. By setting Tv/Ts combinations it is possible to tune the sizes of the resulting PL patterns by almost 10%. Resolving chemical periodicity using selective metallization of the structures revealed multiplication of the topographic stripes, i.e., complex segregation of the component within the topographic pattern, presumably as a result of morphological phase transition from initial non-equilibrium spherical morphology. Reported results reveal approaches to tune the topographical and chemical periodicity of microphase separation of high-molecular-weight block copolymers under strong confinement, which is essential for exploiting these structures as functional templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Dongnandaxue Road 2, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jenny Tempeler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), Steinbachstr. 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Danylyuk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), Steinbachstr. 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Larisa Tsarkova
- German Textile Research Center North-West (DTNW), Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
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2
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Hübner H, Niebuur BJ, Büttner T, Koch M, Stühn B, Kraus T, Scheschkewitz D, Gallei M. Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Carbosilane-Based Block Copolymers in Organic Media and Structure Formation in Colloidal Confinement. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hübner
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bart-Jan Niebuur
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Büttner
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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4
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Yu YG, Ko JH, An JH, Kang BG, Song YM, Lee JS. Self-assembly of POSS-Polystyrene Bottlebrush Block Copolymers on an Angle-Robust Selective Absorber for Enhancing the Purity of Reflective Structural Color. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44753-44761. [PMID: 36075087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach for improving color purity is explored by the introduction of an angle-robust selective absorber (ARSA) into bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP)-based one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs). The BBCPs of poly[(3-(12-(cis-5-norbornene-exo-2,3-dicarboximido)dodecanoylamino)propyl POSS)-block-(norbornene-graft-styrene)], Px (x = 1-4), with ultrahigh molecular weights (Mn ∼ 2260 kDa) and low dispersities (D̵ ∼ 1.07) are synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The 1D PCs of the lamellar structure are fabricated by self-assembly of the BBCP with different periodicities for full color-generation (blue, green, and red). The optically tailored substrate (i.e., ARSA) is used to modulate the spectral line shape with selective absorption in the near-infrared range. Optical simulation proposes the optimized 1D PC structures on the ARSA, and it provides the reproducibility of the predictable color. The simulated structures are well matched with the experimental results, verifying the enhancement of color saturation even at various incident angles (0-70°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wang Z, Chan CLC, Parker RM, Vignolini S. The Limited Palette for Photonic Block-Copolymer Materials: A Historical Problem or a Practical Limitation? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117275. [PMID: 35446459 PMCID: PMC9325480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Block-copolymer self-assembly has proven to be an effective route for the fabrication of photonic films and, more recently, photonic pigments. However, despite extensive research on this topic over the past two decades, the palette of monomers and polymers employed to produce such structurally colored materials has remained surprisingly limited. In this Scientific Perspective, the commonly used block-copolymer systems reported in the literature are summarized (considering both linear and brush architectures) and their use is rationalized from the point of view of both their historical development and physicochemical constraints. Finally, the current challenges facing the field are discussed and promising new areas of research are highlighted to inspire the community to pursue new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Chun Lam Clement Chan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Richard M Parker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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6
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Wang Z, Chan CLC, Parker RM, Vignolini S. The Limited Palette for Photonic Block-Copolymer Materials: A Historical Problem or a Practical Limitation? ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202117275. [PMID: 38528985 PMCID: PMC10962576 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Block-copolymer self-assembly has proven to be an effective route for the fabrication of photonic films and, more recently, photonic pigments. However, despite extensive research on this topic over the past two decades, the palette of monomers and polymers employed to produce such structurally colored materials has remained surprisingly limited. In this Scientific Perspective, the commonly used block-copolymer systems reported in the literature are summarized (considering both linear and brush architectures) and their use is rationalized from the point of view of both their historical development and physicochemical constraints. Finally, the current challenges facing the field are discussed and promising new areas of research are highlighted to inspire the community to pursue new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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7
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Kang HS, Park C, Eoh H, Lee CE, Ryu DY, Kang Y, Feng X, Huh J, Thomas EL, Park C. Visualization of nonsingular defect enabling rapid control of structural color. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5120. [PMID: 35275730 PMCID: PMC8916736 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-interactive structural color (SC) of a block copolymer (BCP) photonic crystal (PC) uses reversible alteration of the PC using external fluids and applied forces. The origin of the diffusional pathways of a stimulating fluid into a BCP PC has not been examined. Here, we directly visualize the vertically oriented screw dislocations in a one-dimensional lamellar BCP PC that facilitate the rapid response of visible SC. To reveal the diffusional pathway of the solvent via the dislocations, BCP lamellae are swollen with an interpenetrated hydrogel network, allowing fixation of the swollen state and subsequent microscopic examination. The visualized defects are low-energy helicoidal screw dislocations having unique, nonsingular cores. Location and areal density of these dislocations are determined by periodic concentric topographic nanopatterns of the upper surface-reconstructed layer. The nonsingular nature of the interlayer connectivity in the core region demonstrates the beneficial nature of these defects on sensing dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyu Eoh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Chang Eun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuenyan Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.P.); (E.L.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
- Corresponding author. (C.P.); (E.L.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Spin Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.P.); (E.L.T.); (J.H.)
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8
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Steube M, Johann T, Barent RD, Müller AH, Frey H. Rational design of tapered multiblock copolymers for thermoplastic elastomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Chemical syntheses of bioinspired and biomimetic polymers toward biobased materials. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:753-772. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Sicher A, Ganz R, Menzel A, Messmer D, Panzarasa G, Feofilova M, Prum RO, Style RW, Saranathan V, Rossi RM, Dufresne ER. Structural color from solid-state polymerization-induced phase separation. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5772-5779. [PMID: 34027537 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors are produced by wavelength-dependent scattering of light from nanostructures. While living organisms often exploit phase separation to directly assemble structurally colored materials from macromolecules, synthetic structural colors are typically produced in a two-step process involving the sequential synthesis and assembly of building blocks. Phase separation is attractive for its simplicity, but applications are limited due to a lack of robust methods for its control. A central challenge is to arrest phase separation at the desired length scale. Here, we show that solid-state polymerization-induced phase separation can produce stable structures at optical length scales. In this process, a polymeric solid is swollen and softened with a second monomer. During its polymerization, the two polymers become immiscible and phase separate. As free monomer is depleted, the host matrix resolidifies and arrests coarsening. The resulting polymeric composites have a blue or white appearance. We compare these biomimetic nanostructures to those in structurally-colored feather barbs, and demonstrate the flexibility of this approach by producing structural color in filaments and large sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sicher
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Rabea Ganz
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Menzel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Messmer
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Panzarasa
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Feofilova
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Richard O Prum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert W Style
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - René M Rossi
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Eric R Dufresne
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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11
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Steube M, Plank M, Gallei M, Frey H, Floudas G. Building Bridges by Blending: Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Binary Tapered Diblock/Multiblock Copolymer Blends. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Steube
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Mainz 55099 Germany
| | - Martina Plank
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss Str. 4 Darmstadt 64287 Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry Saarland University Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Mainz 55099 Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics University of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany
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12
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Cao W, Yin S, Plank M, Chumakov A, Opel M, Chen W, Kreuzer LP, Heger JE, Gallei M, Brett CJ, Schwartzkopf M, Eliseev AA, Anokhin EO, Trusov LA, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Spray-Deposited Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Hybrid Polymer Films of PS- b-PMMA and Strontium Hexaferrite Magnetic Nanoplatelets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1592-1602. [PMID: 33355441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spray deposition is a scalable and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of magnetic hybrid films containing diblock copolymers (DBCs) and magnetic nanoparticles. However, it is challenging to obtain spray-deposited anisotropic magnetic hybrid films without using external magnetic fields. In the present work, spray deposition is applied to prepare perpendicular anisotropic magnetic hybrid films by controlling the orientation of strontium hexaferrite nanoplatelets inside ultra-high-molecular-weight DBC polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) films. During spray deposition, the evolution of DBC morphology and the orientation of magnetic nanoplatelets are monitored with in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). For reference, a pure DBC film without nanoplatelets is deposited with the same conditions. Solvent-controlled magnetic properties of the hybrid film are proven with solvent vapor annealing (SVA) applied to the final deposited magnetic films. Obvious changes in the DBC morphology and nanoplatelet localization are observed during SVA. The superconducting quantum interference device data show that ferromagnetic hybrid polymer films with high coercivity can be achieved via spray deposition. The hybrid films show a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy before SVA, which is strongly weakened after SVA. The spray-deposited hybrid films appear highly promising for potential applications in magnetic data storage and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Plank
- Ernst-Berl-Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andrei Chumakov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Opel
- Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Walther-Meissner-Institut, Walther-Meissner-Straße 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lucas P Kreuzer
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julian E Heger
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Calvin J Brett
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 8, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Artem A Eliseev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny O Anokhin
- Department of Materials Science, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev A Trusov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Boyle BM, Collins JL, Mensch TE, Ryan MD, Newell BS, Miyake GM. Impact of Backbone Composition on Homopolymer Dynamics and Brush Block Copolymer Self-Assembly. Polym Chem 2020; 11:7147-7158. [PMID: 33456502 PMCID: PMC7805478 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four series of brush block copolymers (BBCP), with near identical side chain compositions but varying backbone structures, were synthesized to investigate the effect of backbone structure on the process of thermal BBCP self-assembly to photonic crystals (PCs). Each of the self-assembled PC films were examined by reflection measurements, small angle X-ray scattering measurements, and scanning electron microscopy to compare the resulting properties of the polymeric photonic crystal and the nanostructured morphology impacted by the backbone structure. It was found that the composition of the brush backbone within a BBCP has a dramatic effect on the ability of the BBCP to self-assemble into ordered nanostructures and on the local ordering of the nanostructure morphology accessed with higher molecular weight (MW) BBCPs (> 1,500 kg/mol). BBCPs with a norbornene imide-based backbone were able to thermally self-assemble to longer wavelength reflecting PCs and had higher fidelity ordering of lamellar nanostructures with higher MW polymers. By analyzing the melt rheological responses of the backbone compositions, both as linear polymers and homobrush polymers, it was concluded that the inherent fragility of the backbone promotes enhanced local ordering in the lamellar nanostructure morphology as well as access to larger domain sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Joseph L. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Tara E. Mensch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Matthew D. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brian S. Newell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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14
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Plank M, Hartmann F, Kuttich B, Kraus T, Gallei M. Self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-containing block copolymers in the vicinity of cellulose fibres. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Bareuther J, Plank M, Kuttich B, Kraus T, Frey H, Gallei M. Temperature Variation Enables the Design of Biobased Block Copolymers via One-Step Anionic Copolymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000513. [PMID: 33047426 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot approach for the preparation of diblock copolymers consisting of polystyrene and polymyrcene blocks is described via a temperature-induced block copolymer (BCP) formation strategy. A monomer mixture of styrene and myrcene is employed. The unreactive nature of myrcene in a polar solvent (tetrahydrofuran) at -78 °C enables the sole formation of active polystyrene macroinitiators, while an increase of the temperature (-38 °C to room temperature) leads to poly(styrene-block-myrcene) formation due to polymerization of myrcene. Well-defined BCPs featuring molar masses in the range of 44-117.2 kg mol-1 with dispersities, Ð, of 1.09-1.21, and polymyrcene volume fractions of 30-64% are accessible. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry measurements reveal the temperature-controlled polymyrcene block formation, while both transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements prove the presence of clearly microphase-separated, long range-ordered domains in the block copolymers. The temperature-controlled one-pot anionic block copolymerization approach may be general for other terpene-diene monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bareuther
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Martina Plank
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Björn Kuttich
- INM-Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.,Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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16
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Lequieu J, Quah T, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH. Complete Photonic Band Gaps with Nonfrustrated ABC Bottlebrush Block Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1074-1080. [PMID: 35648618 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush block polymers are a promising platform for self-assembled photonic materials, yet most work has been limited to one-dimensional photonic crystals based on the lamellar phase. Here we demonstrate with simulation that nonfrustrated ABC bottlebrush block polymers can be used to self-assemble three-dimensional photonic crystals with complete photonic band gaps. To show this, we have developed a computational approach that couples self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations to Maxwell's equations, thereby permitting a direct link between molecular design, self-assembly, and photonic band structures. Using this approach, we calculate the phase diagram of nonfrustrated ABC bottlebrush block polymers and identify regions where the alternating gyroid and alternating diamond phases are stable. By computing the photonic band structures of these phases, we demonstrate that complete band gaps can be found in regions of thermodynamic stability, thereby suggesting a route to realize these photonic materials experimentally. Furthermore, we demonstrate that gap size depends on volume fraction, segregation strength, and polymer architecture, and we identify a design strategy based on symmetry breaking that can achieve band gaps for lower values of refractive index contrast. Taken together, the approach presented here provides a powerful and flexible tool for predicting both the self-assembly and photonic band structures of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lequieu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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17
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Patel BB, Walsh DJ, Kim DH, Kwok J, Lee B, Guironnet D, Diao Y. Tunable structural color of bottlebrush block copolymers through direct-write 3D printing from solution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7202. [PMID: 32577511 PMCID: PMC7286684 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of functional materials is limited by control of microstructure and assembly at the nanoscale. In this work, we integrate nonequilibrium self-assembly with direct-write three-dimensional (3D) printing to prepare bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) photonic crystals (PCs) with tunable structure color. After varying deposition conditions during printing of a single ink solution, peak reflected wavelength for BBCP PCs span a range of 403 to 626 nm (blue to red), corresponding to an estimated change in d-spacing of >70 nm (Bragg- Snell equation). Physical characterization confirms that these vivid optical effects are underpinned by tuning of lamellar domain spacing, which we attribute to modulation of polymer conformation. Using in situ optical microscopy and solvent-vapor annealing, we identify kinetic trapping of metastable microstructures during printing as the mechanism for domain size control. More generally, we present a robust processing scheme with potential for on-the-fly property tuning of a variety of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal B. Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin Kwok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Corresponding author.
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18
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19
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Doerk GS, Li R, Fukuto M, Yager KG. Wet Brush Homopolymers as “Smart Solvents” for Rapid, Large Period Block Copolymer Thin Film Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Doerk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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20
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Man Y, Li X, Li S, Yang Z, Lee YI, Liu HG. Effects of hydrophobic/hydrophilic blocks ratio on PS-b-PAA self-assembly in solutions, in emulsions, and at the interfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Seo HB, Yu YG, Chae CG, Kim MJ, Lee JS. Synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight bottlebrush block copolymers of ω-end-norbornyl polystyrene and polymethacrylate macromonomers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Qiang
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Ramzi Chakroun
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Nicole Janoszka
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
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23
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Yu YG, Seo C, Chae CG, Seo HB, Kim MJ, Kang Y, Lee JS. Hydrogen Bonding-Mediated Phase Transition of Polystyrene and Polyhydroxystyrene Bottlebrush Block Copolymers with Polyethylene Glycol. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunhee Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Geun Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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24
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Wang F, Xue Y, Lu B, Luo H, Zhu J. Fabrication and Characterization of Angle-Independent Structurally Colored Films Based on CdS@SiO 2 Nanospheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4918-4926. [PMID: 30840471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is easy for chemical pigments produced from organic chemicals to disappear when exposed to light over time. Recently, structurally colored pigments produced by materials with high indices of refraction such as TiO2 or ZnS have attracted great attention. This study presents that CdS@SiO2 core-shell nanospheres were synthesized through a homogeneous deposition method followed with a modified Stöber method and a calcination process. Colored film assembled by pigments shows low angle dependence with high stability against degradation under environmental factors. Moreover, the structural color of CdS@SiO2 arrays was bright and tunable according to the size without changing the overall material design. Compared with the conventional method, the addition of black substances in colloidal spheres is the generally used method to realize angle-independent structural coloration. However, black materials (such as carbon blacks and acetylene black) are not stable because of the high surface energy, and usually reunite together easily, and then lead to a nonuniform distribution and significant decrease in brightness. Thus, we report self-assembly colored films with great low angle dependence but not any black substances. Moreover, the refractive index of CdS is higher than generally used PS, PMMA, and SiO2, and the SiO2 shell is poisonless. CdS@SiO2 structurally colored films have promising nonbleaching pigments and have potential applications for displays, colorimetric sensors, colorful decoration, and pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
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25
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Galanos E, Grune E, Wahlen C, Müller AHE, Appold M, Gallei M, Frey H, Floudas G. Tapered Multiblock Copolymers Based on Isoprene and 4-Methylstyrene: Influence of the Tapered Interface on the Self-Assembly and Thermomechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eftyxis Galanos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eduard Grune
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Wahlen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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26
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Appold M, Bareuther J, Gallei M. Anionic Grafting to Strategies for Functional Polymethacrylates: Convenient Preparation of Stimuli‐Responsive Block Copolymer Architectures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Appold
- Ernst‐Berl‐Institue for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular ChemistryTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jennifer Bareuther
- Ernst‐Berl‐Institue for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular ChemistryTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst‐Berl‐Institue for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular ChemistryTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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27
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Grune E, Bareuther J, Blankenburg J, Appold M, Shaw L, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Hutchings LR, Gallei M, Frey H. Towards bio-based tapered block copolymers: the behaviour of myrcene in the statistical anionic copolymerisation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The monoterpene myrcene is a bio-based diene monomer. The statistical, living anionic copolymerization with isoprene, styrene and 4-methylstyrene leads to gradient or tapered block copolymers, studied by in-situ NMR, SAXS and TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Grune
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
| | - Jennifer Bareuther
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Lloyd Shaw
- Durham Centre for Soft Matter
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- DH1 3LE Durham
- UK
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics
- University of Ioannina
- 45110 Ioannina
- Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
| | - Lian R. Hutchings
- Durham Centre for Soft Matter
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- DH1 3LE Durham
- UK
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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28
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Steube M, Johann T, Galanos E, Appold M, Rüttiger C, Mezger M, Gallei M, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Frey H. Isoprene/Styrene Tapered Multiblock Copolymers with up to Ten Blocks: Synthesis, Phase Behavior, Order, and Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Steube
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate
Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eftyxis Galanos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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29
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Winter T, Su X, Hatton TA, Gallei M. Ferrocene-Containing Inverse Opals by Melt-Shear Organization of Core/Shell Particles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800428. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Winter
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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