1
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Zheng J, Zhao S, Wang H, Zhan T. A New Laser-Combined H-Type Device Method for Comprehensive Thermoelectrical Properties Characterization of Two-Dimensional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7680. [PMID: 38138822 PMCID: PMC10744830 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional nanomaterials have obvious advantages in thermoelectric device development. It is rare to use the same experimental system to accurately measure multiple thermoelectrical parameters of the same sample. Therefore, scholars have developed suspended microdevices, T-type and H-type methods to fulfill the abovementioned requirements. These methods usually require a direct-current voltage signal to detect in Seebeck coefficient measurement. However, the thermoelectric potential generated by the finite temperature difference is very weak and can be easily overwritten by the direct-current voltage, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy. In addition, these methods generally require specific electrodes to measure the thermoelectric potential. We propose a measurement method that combines laser heating with an H-type device. By introducing a temperature difference in two-dimensional materials through laser heating, the thermoelectric potential can be accurately measured. This method does not require specific electrodes to simplify the device structure. The thermoelectrical parameters of supported graphene are successfully measured with this method; the results are in good agreement with the literature. The proposed method is unaffected by material size and characteristics. It has potential application value in the characterization of thermoelectric physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuaiyi Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tianzhuo Zhan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe 350-8585, Saitama, Japan;
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2
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Lee CY, Lin YT, Hong SH, Wang CH, Jeng US, Tung SH, Liu CL. Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conducting Hydrogels with Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes for High Performance Wearable Thermoelectric Harvesters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56072-56083. [PMID: 37982689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) thermoelectric (TE) materials offer higher ionic conductivity and ionic Seebeck coefficient compared to those of purely ionic-conducting TE materials. These characteristics make them suitable for direct use in thermoelectric generators (TEGs) as the charge carriers can be effectively transported from one electrode to the other via the external circuit. In the present study, MIEC hydrogels are fabricated via the chemical cross-linking of polyacrylamide (PAAM) and polydopamine (PDA) to form a double network. In addition, electrically conducting carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) are dispersed evenly within the hydrogel via sonication and interaction with the PDA. Moreover, the electrical properties of the hydrogel are further improved via the in situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI). The presence of CNT-COOH facilitates the ionic conductivity and enhances the ionic Seebeck coefficient via ionic-electronic interactions between sodium ions and carboxyl groups on CNT-COOH, which can be observed in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, thereby promoting the charge transport properties. As a result, the optimum device exhibits a remarkable ionic conductivity of 175.3 mS cm-1 and a high ionic Seebeck coefficient of 18.6 mV K-1, giving an ionic power factor (PFi) of 6.06 mW m-1 K-2 with a correspondingly impressive ionic figure of merit (ZTi) of 2.65. These values represent significant achievements within the field of gel-state organic TE materials. Finally, a wearable module is fabricated by embedding the PAAM/PDA/CNT-COOH/PANI hydrogel into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) mold. This configuration yields a high power density of 171.4 mW m-2, thus highlighting the considerable potential for manufacturing TEGs for wearable devices capable of harnessing waste heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Huan Hong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Gao XZ, Gao FL, Liu J, Li Y, Wan P, Yu ZZ, Li X. Self-Powered Resilient Porous Sensors with Thermoelectric Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) and Carbon Nanotubes for Sensitive Temperature and Pressure Dual-Mode Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43783-43791. [PMID: 36112650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Portable and wearable dual-mode sensors that can simultaneously detect multiple stimuli are essential for emerging artificial intelligence applications, and most efforts are devoted to exploring pressure-sensing devices. It is still challenging to integrate temperature and pressure-sensing functions into one sensor without the requirement for complex decoupling processes. Herein, we develop a self-powered and multifunctional dual-mode sensor by dip-coating melamine sponge with both poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). By integrating thermoelectric and conductive PEDOT:PSS/CNT components with the hydrophilic and resilient porous sponge, the resultant sensor is efficient in independently detecting temperature and pressure changes. The temperature and pressure stimuli can be independently converted to voltage and electrical resistance signals on the basis of the Seebeck and piezoresistive effects, respectively. The sensor exhibits a high Seebeck coefficient of 35.9 μV K-1 with a minimum temperature detection limit of 0.4 K and a pressure sensitivity of -3.35% kPa-1 with a minimum pressure detection limit of 4 Pa. Interestingly, the sensor can also be self-powered upon illumination. These multi-functionalities make the sensor a promising tool for applications in electronic skin, soft robots, solar energy conversion, and personal health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Zhi Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fu-Lin Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Yongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Dong L, Bao C, Hu S, Wang Y, Wu Z, Xie H, Xu X. Coupling Electronic and Phonon Thermal Transport in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanofibers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1282. [PMID: 35457990 PMCID: PMC9032122 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The thermal transport of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanofiber is contributed by the electronic component of thermal conduction and the phonon component of thermal conduction. The relationship between the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of these conducting polymers is of great interest in thermoelectric energy conversation. In this work, we characterized the axial electrical conductivities and thermal conductivities of the single PEDOT:PSS nanofibers and found that the Lorenz number L is larger than Sommerfeld value L0 at 300 K. In addition, we found that the L increased significantly in the low-temperature region. We consider that this trend is due to the bipolar contribution of conducting polymers with low-level electrical conductivity and the increasing trend of the electronic contribution to thermal conductivity in low-temperature regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dong
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China; (L.D.); (C.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Chengpeng Bao
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China; (L.D.); (C.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Shiqian Hu
- Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China; (L.D.); (C.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Zihua Wu
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China; (L.D.); (C.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Huaqing Xie
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China; (L.D.); (C.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Xiangfan Xu
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Center for Nanophononics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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5
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Hu Y, Gao Y, Li P, Gao X, Liu Z. Enhancement of thermoelectric properties of
D‐A
conjugated polymer through constructing random copolymers with more electronic donors. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuan Hu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
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6
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Colossal thermo-hydro-electrochemical voltage generation for self-sustainable operation of electronics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5269. [PMID: 34489432 PMCID: PMC8421453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoelectrics are suited to converting dissipated heat into electricity for operating electronics, but the small voltage (~0.1 mV K−1) from the Seebeck effect has been one of the major hurdles in practical implementation. Here an approach with thermo-hydro-electrochemical effects can generate a large thermal-to-electrical energy conversion factor (TtoE factor), −87 mV K−1 with low-cost carbon steel electrodes and a solid-state polyelectrolyte made of polyaniline and polystyrene sulfonate (PANI:PSS). We discovered that the thermo-diffusion of water in PANI:PSS under a temperature gradient induced less (or more) water on the hotter (or colder) side, raising (or lowering) the corrosion overpotential in the hotter (or colder) side and thereby generating output power between the electrodes. Our findings are expected to facilitate subsequent research for further increasing the TtoE factor and utilizing dissipated thermal energy. Thermoelectrics are suited to converting dissipated heat into electricity for operating electronics but limited by the small voltage from the Seebeck effect. Here, the authors report a thermo-hydro-electrochemical hybrid device with −87 mV K−1.
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7
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Kim H, Park G, Park S, Kim W. Strategies for Manipulating Phonon Transport in Solids. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2182-2196. [PMID: 33507071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the recent efforts on manipulating phonon transport in solids by using specific techniques that modify their phonon thermal conductivity (i.e., specific heat, phonon group velocity, and mean free path) and phonon thermal conductance (i.e., transmission probability and density of states). The strategies discussed for tuning thermal conductivity are as follows: large unit cell approach and liquid-like conduction for maneuvering specific heat; rattler, mini-bandgap, and phonon confinement for manipulating phonon group velocity; nanoparticles, nanosized grains, coated grains, alloy (isotope) scattering, selection rules in phonon dispersion, Grüneisen parameter, lone-pair electronics, dynamic disorder, and local static distortion for restricting mean free path. We have also included the discussion on tuning phonon thermal conductance, as thermal conduction can be viewed as a transmission process. Additionally, phonon filtering, ballistic transport, and waveguiding are discussed to alter density of states and transmission probability. We hope this review can bring meaningful insights to the researchers in the field of phonon transport in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gimin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Woochul Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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8
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Hilton A, Jeong M, Hsu JH, Cao F, Choi W, Wang X, Yu C, Jo YK. Thermal treatment using microwave irradiation for the phytosanitation of Xylella fastidiosa in pecan graftwood. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244758. [PMID: 33471831 PMCID: PMC7816998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pecan bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa is an emerging disease for the U.S. and international pecan industries and can be transmitted from scion to rootstock via grafting. With the expanse of global transportation and trade networks, phytosanitation is critical for reducing the spread of economically significant pathogens, such as X. fastidiosa. We developed and evaluated thermal treatments using microwave irradiation and microwave absorbers [sterile deionized water (dH2O) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)] as novel disinfectant methods for remediating X. fastidiosa in pecan scions. Partial submergence of scions in dH2O or CNT dispersions resulted in the transport of microwave absorbers in the xylem tissue via transpiration but did not compromise plant health. The microwave absorbers effectively transferred heat to the scion wood to reach an average temperature range of 55–65°C. Microwave radiation exposure for 6 sec (3 sec for two iterations) of CNT- or dH2O-treated scions reduced the frequency of X. fastidiosa-positive in pecan scions without negatively affecting plant viability when compared to the control group (dH2O-treated with no microwave). The efficacy of the new thermal treatments based on microwave irradiation was comparable to the conventional hot-water treatment (HWT) method, in which scions were submerged in 46°C water for 30 min. Microwave irradiation can be employed to treat X. fastidiosa-infected scions where the conventional HWT treatment is not feasible. This study is the first report to demonstrate novel thermal treatment methods based on the microwave irradiation and microwave absorbers of dH2O and CNT as an application for the phytosanitation of xylem-inhabiting bacteria in graftwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelyn Hilton
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- USDA-ARS Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Somerville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Myunghwan Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jui-Hung Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fan Cao
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Woongchul Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xinwang Wang
- USDA-ARS Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Somerville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Choongho Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YKJ); (CY)
| | - Young-Ki Jo
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YKJ); (CY)
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9
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Abstract
AbstractIonic thermoelectric polymers are a new class of materials with great potential for use in low-grade waste heat harvesting and the field has seen much progress during the recent years. In this work, we briefly review the working mechanism of such materials, the main advances in the field and the main criteria for performance comparison. We examine two types of polymer-based ionic thermoelectric materials: ionic conductive polymer and ionogels. Moreover, as a comparison, we also examine the more conventional ionic liquid electrolytes. Their performance, possible directions of improvements and potential applications have been evaluated.
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10
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Maity S, Datta S, Mishra M, Banerjee S, Das S, Chatterjee K. Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)‐tosylate—Its synthesis, properties and various applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Maity
- Department of Physics Jadavpur University Kolkata India
| | - Salini Datta
- Department of Physics Techno India University Kolkata India
| | - Megha Mishra
- Department of Physics Techno India University Kolkata India
| | | | - Sukhen Das
- Department of Physics Jadavpur University Kolkata India
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11
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Xiong S, Zhang J, Wu B, Chu J, Wang X, Zhang R, Gong M, Qu M, Li Z, Chen Z. Electrochemical Preparation of Covalently Bonded PEDOT ‐ Graphene Oxide Composite Electrochromic Materials Using Thiophene‐2‐methylanine as Bridging Group. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanxin Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization Ministry of Natural Resources Xi'an 710021 PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Bohua Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Jia Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Runlan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Ming Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Mengnan Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Zhenming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 PR China
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12
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Park J, Lee Y, Kim M, Kim Y, Tripathi A, Kwon YW, Kwak J, Woo HY. Closely Packed Polypyrroles via Ionic Cross-Linking: Correlation of Molecular Structure-Morphology-Thermoelectric Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1110-1119. [PMID: 31825593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of ionically interconnected polypyrrole (PPy) films are fabricated through two-monomer-connected-precursor polymerization by varying diacid linkers, thereby significantly influencing the crystalline morphology and electrical properties. The structure obtained using 1,5-napthalenedisulfonic acid (PPy-Nap) as a fused aromatic linker exhibits a higher electrical conductivity (∼78 S cm-1) than that (6.7 S cm-1) without a linker (PPy-ref). Cryogenic conductivity measurements reveal that the percolation carrier transport barrier of PPy-Nap is significantly smaller than that of PPy-ref, and the calculated carrier mobility of PPy-Nap is ∼5 times higher compared to PPy-ref. The carrier transport characteristics show a good agreement with morphological data by 2D grazing-incidence X-ray scattering. All PPys have similar doped charge carrier concentrations and, thus, similar Seebeck coefficients (5-8 μV K-1) but very different electrical conductivities. Consequently, PPy-Nap exhibits a higher power factor than that of PPy-ref (0.21 vs 0.043 μW m-1 K-2). The results show that the trade-off relationship between the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity can be overcome by improving crystalline morphology and carrier transport. Thus, both the electrical conductivities and thermoelectric power factors can be improved with maintaining the Seebeck coefficients by enhancing the ordered conductive domains and carrier mobility while maintaining the doping level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyung Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yungeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ayushi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
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13
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Stevens DL, Gamage GA, Ren Z, Grunlan JC. Salt doping to improve thermoelectric power factor of organic nanocomposite thin films. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11800-11807. [PMID: 35496596 PMCID: PMC9050492 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoelectric materials with a large Seebeck coefficient (S) and electrical conductivity (σ) are required to efficiently convert waste heat into electricity, but their interdependence makes simultaneously improving these variables immensely challenging. To address this problem, bilayers (BL) of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT), stabilized by KBr-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were deposited using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Doping PEDOT:PSS with KBr, prior to DWNT dispersion and LbL assembly, results in a six-fold improvement in electrical conductivity with little change in the Seebeck coefficient. A maximum power factor (PF = S2σ) of 626 ± 39 μW m−1 K−2 is obtained from a 20 BL PDDA/PEDOT:PSS–DWNT film (∼46 nm thick), where PEDOT:PSS was doped with 3 mmol KBr. This large PF is due to the formation of a denser film containing a greater proportion of DWNT, which was influenced by the charge-screening effects imparted by the salt dopant that separates PSS from PEDOT. This study demonstrates a relatively simple strategy to significantly increase the thermoelectric performance of fully organic nanocomposites that are useful for low temperature thermoelectric devices. Thermoelectric power factor of a polymer nanocomposite film, deposited using layer-by-layer assembly, was increased by doping with KBr.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geethal Amila Gamage
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH)
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH)
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Texas A&M University
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14
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Effect of backbone structure on the thermoelectric performance of indacenodithiophene-based conjugated polymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Liu Y, Dai Q, Zhou Y, Li B, Mao X, Gao C, Gao Y, Pan C, Jiang Q, Wu Y, Xie Y, Wang L. High-Performance N-Type Carbon Nanotube Composites: Improved Power Factor by Optimizing the Acridine Scaffold and Tailoring the Side Chains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29320-29329. [PMID: 31298832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/organic small molecules (OSMs) are promising candidates for application in thermoelectric (TE) modules; however, the development of n-type SWCNT/OSMs with high performance is lagging behind. Only a few structure-activity relationships of OSMs on SWCNT composites have been reported. Recently, we find that the n-type acridone/SWCNT composites display high power factor (PF) values at high temperature but suffer from low PFs at room temperature. Here, the performance of SWCNT composites containing an acridine derivative (AD) as well as its analogues with different counterions (Cl-, SO42- and F-) and lengths of alkyl chains (ADLA1-2 and ADLA4-5) is reported. Among the composites, SWCNT/ADLA4 with no counterions exhibits the highest PF value of 195.2 μW m-1 K-2 at room temperature, which is 4.9 times higher than that of SWCNT/ADTAd (39.8 μW m-1 K-2), indicating that the acridine scaffold and the lengths of alkyl chains contribute to the dramatic changes in the TE performance. In addition, SWCNT/ADLA4 exhibits high PF values at all the temperatures we investigate, which range from 154.7 to 230.7 μW m-1 K-2. Furthermore, a TE device consisting of five pairs of p (the pristine SWCNTs)-n (SWCNT/ADLA4) junctions is assembled, generating a relatively high open-circuit voltage (41.7 mV) and an output power of 1.88 μW at a temperature difference of 74.8 K. Our results suggest that structural modifications might be an effective way to advance the development of TE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiuzi Dai
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qinglin Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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