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Halligan E, Tie BSH, Colbert DM, Alsaadi M, Zhuo S, Keane G, Geever LM. Synthesis and Characterisation of Hydrogels Based on Poly (N-Vinylcaprolactam) with Diethylene Glycol Diacrylate. Gels 2023; 9:439. [PMID: 37367110 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) is a polymer that is biocompatible, water-soluble, thermally sensitive, non-toxic, and nonionic. In this study, the preparation of hydrogels based on Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) with diethylene glycol diacrylate is presented. The N-Vinylcaprolactam-based hydrogels are synthesised by using a photopolymerisation technique using diethylene glycol diacrylate as a crosslinking agent, and Diphenyl (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide as a photoinitiator. The structure of the polymers is investigated via Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The polymers are further characterised using differential scanning calorimetry and swelling analysis. This study is conducted to determine the characteristics of P (N-vinylcaprolactam) with diethylene glycol diacrylate, including the addition of Vinylacetate or N-Vinylpyrrolidone, and to examine the effects on the phase transition. Although various methods of free-radical polymerisation have synthesised the homopolymer, this is the first study to report the synthesis of Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) with diethylene glycol diacrylate by using free-radical photopolymerisation, using Diphenyl (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide to initiate the reaction. FTIR analysis shows that the NVCL-based copolymers are successfully polymerised through UV photopolymerisation. DSC analysis indicates that increasing the concentration of crosslinker results in a decrease in the glass transition temperature. Swelling analysis displays that the lower the concentration of crosslinker present in the hydrogel, the quicker the hydrogels reach their maximum swelling ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Halligan
- Polymer, Recycling, Industrial, Sustainability and Manufacturing (PRISM) Center, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Billy Shu Hieng Tie
- Polymer, Recycling, Industrial, Sustainability and Manufacturing (PRISM) Center, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Declan Mary Colbert
- Polymer, Recycling, Industrial, Sustainability and Manufacturing (PRISM) Center, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Mohamad Alsaadi
- Polymer, Recycling, Industrial, Sustainability and Manufacturing (PRISM) Center, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
- CONFIRM Centre for Smart Manufacturing, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Shuo Zhuo
- Polymer, Recycling, Industrial, Sustainability and Manufacturing (PRISM) Center, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Gavin Keane
- Centre for Industrial Service and Design, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Luke M Geever
- Applied Polymer Technologies Gateway, Material Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Dublin Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
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Mendrek B, Oleszko-Torbus N, Teper P, Kowalczuk A. Towards a modern generation of polymer surfaces: nano- and microlayers of star macromolecules and their design for applications in biology and medicine. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Low-Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processes for the Deposition of Nanocomposite Coatings. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma technologies have recently proven to offer a range of interesting opportunities for the preparation of a variety of nanocomposite (NC) coatings with different chemical compositions, structures, and morphologies. Since the late 2000s, numerous strategies have been implemented for the deposition of this intriguing class of coatings by using both direct and remote AP plasma sources. Interestingly, considerable progress has been made in the development of aerosol-assisted deposition processes in which the use of either precursor solutions or nanoparticle dispersions in aerosol form allows greatly widening the range of constituents that can be combined in the plasma-deposited NC films. This review summarizes the research published on this topic so far and, specifically, aims to present a concise survey of the developed plasma processes, with particular focus on their optimization as well as on the structural and functional properties of the NC coatings to which they provide access. Current challenges and opportunities are also briefly discussed to give an outlook on possible future research directions.
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Insights on the Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma-Induced Free-Radical Polymerization of Allyl Ether Cyclic Carbonate Liquid Layers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172856. [PMID: 34502896 PMCID: PMC8434537 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-induced free-radical polymerizations rely on the formation of radical species to initiate polymerization, leading to some extent of monomer fragmentation. In this work, the plasma-induced polymerization of an allyl ether-substituted six-membered cyclic carbonate (A6CC) is demonstrated and emphasizes the retention of the cyclic carbonate moieties. Taking advantage of the low polymerization tendency of allyl monomers, the characterization of the oligomeric species is studied to obtain insights into the effect of plasma exposure on inducing free-radical polymerization. In less than 5 min of plasma exposure, a monomer conversion close to 90% is obtained. The molecular analysis of the oligomers by gel permeation chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GPC-HRMS) further confirms the high preservation of the cyclic structure and, based on the detected end groups, points to hydrogen abstraction as the main contributor to the initiation and termination of polymer chain growth. These results demonstrate that the elaboration of surfaces functionalized with cyclic carbonates could be readily elaborated by atmospheric-pressure plasmas, for instance, by copolymerization.
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Jang HJ, Jung EY, Parsons T, Tae HS, Park CS. A Review of Plasma Synthesis Methods for Polymer Films and Nanoparticles under Atmospheric Pressure Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142267. [PMID: 34301024 PMCID: PMC8309454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present an overview of recent approaches in the gas/aerosol-through-plasma (GATP) and liquid plasma methods for synthesizing polymer films and nanoparticles (NPs) using an atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) technique. We hope to aid students and researchers starting out in the polymerization field by compiling the most commonly utilized simple plasma synthesis methods, so that they can readily select a method that best suits their needs. Although APP methods are widely employed for polymer synthesis, and there are many related papers for specific applications, reviews that provide comprehensive coverage of the variations of APP methods for polymer synthesis are rarely reported. We introduce and compile over 50 recent papers on various APP polymerization methods that allow us to discuss the existing challenges and future direction of GATP and solution plasma methods under ambient air conditions for large-area and mass nanoparticle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jun Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Eun Young Jung
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Travis Parsons
- GBS (Global Business Services) IT, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA;
| | - Heung-Sik Tae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.)
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.T.); (C.-S.P.)
| | - Choon-Sang Park
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Correspondence: (H.-S.T.); (C.-S.P.)
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Makhneva E, Barillas L, Farka Z, Pastucha M, Skládal P, Weltmann KD, Fricke K. Functional Plasma Polymerized Surfaces for Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17100-17112. [PMID: 32203654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The capabilities of biosensors for fast, economic, and user-friendly analysis of complex samples has led to the exploitation of analytical devices for detection, quantification, and monitoring of specific chemical species for various applications. For a sufficiently high surface reactivity toward the adopted bioreceptors, a thin functional layer is required to enable coupling of the target biomolecules and to provide good stability in the presence of a sample matrix. In this work, the generation of water-stable oxygen-rich plasma polymerized (pp) films deposited by atmospheric-pressure jet plasma for reliable immobilization of biomolecules is presented. Three types of pp films were developed and characterized. All of the obtained pp films were successfully used as a matrix layer in the SPR immunosensors, which provided excellent level of sensitivity, stability, and regenerability. The achieved results show that atmospheric pressure plasma-induced polymerization is a powerful alternative method for the preparation of matrix layers for a wide range of applications in the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Makhneva
- RG Bio Sensing Surfaces, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Barillas
- RG Bio Sensing Surfaces, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- RG Nanobiotechnology, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Pastucha
- RG Nanobiotechnology, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- RG Nanobiotechnology, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- RG Bio Sensing Surfaces, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katja Fricke
- RG Bio Sensing Surfaces, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Lanzalaco S, Turon P, Weis C, Alemán C, Armelin E. The mechanism of adhesion and graft polymerization of a PNIPAAm thermoresponsive hydrogel to polypropylene meshes. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3432-3442. [PMID: 30938743 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00412b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a commercial and fully flexible monofilament mesh has been used for the deposition of a thermosensitive hydrogel, generated by graft copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide) (MBA) monomers. The mechanism of adhesion and graft copolymerization have been elucidated combining micro- and standard spectroscopy techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and XPS, before and after the activation of the polypropylene (PP) fibre surface by using oxygen-plasma. The good covalent interactions among NIPAAm monomers and PP fibres, and the hydrogel chain growth in such flexible bidimensional structures, were demonstrated. Additionally, the thermoresponsive properties of PNIPAAm were obtained (VPTT behaviour). The bilayer system is stable below and above a low critical solution temperature (LCST) of 33.2 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Lanzalaco
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
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