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Kongkaew S, Thipwimonmas Y, Hayeeabu M, Limbut W. Fabrication of a 96-electrode array using carbon dioxide laser ablation. Talanta 2024; 274:125912. [PMID: 38547843 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The 96 laser-induced multigraphene electrode (96L-MGE) integrated microwell plate (96 L-MGE-MP) is described. Each cell includes separate working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes, and the array sits on a poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) well. The 96 electrochemical cells were fabricated by laser ablation of polyimide adhesive tape, which created laser-induced graphene electrodes (L-GE). The microwell was produced using laser ablation of the PMMA sheet as well. The morphology and electrochemical characterization of L-GE were controlled by tuning the laser processing. L-GE fabricated at laser power-laser speed ratios of 0.008-0.02 W s mm-1displayed good electrochemical behaviors. Under the optimal condition of L-GE fabrication, the measured L-GE surface roughness was 475.47 nm. The 96 L-MGE can be fabricated in 24.2 min and is compatible with various analytes. 10 benchmark redox compounds were shown as electrocatalytic examples. The performance of each analyte was investigated by voltammetry. As proof of concept, 96 L-MGE-MP was connected to a 96× connector for multichannel detection. The RSD of the 96 L-MGE-MPwas below 5.3%, which demonstrated good fabrication reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatinee Kongkaew
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Yudtapum Thipwimonmas
- Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Mareeyam Hayeeabu
- Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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2
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Zhang S, Yang C, Qi Z, Wang Y, Cheng E, Zhao L, Hu N. Laser patterned graphene pressure sensor with adjustable sensitivity in an ultrawide response range. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:365503. [PMID: 38861977 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have attracted wide attention because of their applications in wearable electronic, human-computer interface, and healthcare. However, it is still a challenge to design a pressure sensor with adjustable sensitivity in an ultrawide response range to satisfy the requirements of different application scenarios. Here, a laser patterned graphene pressure sensor (LPGPS) is proposed with adjustable sensitivity in an ultrawide response range based on the pre-stretched kirigami structure. Due to the out-of-plane deformation of the pre-stretched kirigami structure, the sensitivity can be easily tuned by simply modifying the pre-stretched level. As a result, it exhibits a maximum sensitivity of 0.243 kPa-1, an ultrawide range up to 1600 kPa, a low detection limit (6 Pa), a short response time (42 ms), and excellent stability with high pressure of 1200 kPa over 500 cycles. Benefiting from its high sensitivity and ultrawide response range, the proposed sensor can be applied to detect physiological and kinematic signals under different pressure intensities. Additionally, taking advantage of laser programmable patterning, it can be easily configured into an array to determine the pressure distribution. Therefore, LPGPS with adjustable sensitivity in an ultrawide response range has potential application in wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengpan Qi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - E Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Intelligent Protective Equipment Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Intelligent Protective Equipment Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
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3
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Huang C, Liang M, Wang B, Su R, Feng Y, Xing W, Zhao X, Bian X, You Z, You R. In Situ Laser-Induced 3D Porous Graphene within Transparent Polymers for Encapsulation-Free and Tunable Ultrabroadband Terahertz Absorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26557-26567. [PMID: 38736285 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon materials have great potential for fabricating flexible tunable broadband absorbers owing to their high electrical conductivity, strong dielectric loss, and unique microstructure. Herein, we introduce an innovative method for synthesizing 3D porous graphene that incorporates advanced tuning and encapsulation processes to augment its functional efficacy. Through the modulation of both thermal and nonthermal interactions between a femtosecond (fs) laser and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, we have synergistically fine-tuned the surface morphology and lattice properties of 3D porous graphene. This approach enabled us to create a flexible terahertz (THz) absorber with customizable characteristics, boasting an impressive absorbance range of 80%-99% in the 0.4-1.0 THz spectrum, alongside a peak reflection loss (RL) of up to 35.6 dB. Furthermore, we have successfully demonstrated the production of photoinduced 3D porous graphene within a PDMS film, which serves as both a carbon precursor and protective layer. This simplifies the conventional packaging process. These devices exhibit a RL of up to 41.6 dB and an absorption bandwidth of 2.5 THz (0.6-3.1 THz). Our study presents a production methodology for high-performance, flexible THz absorbers, offering a straightforward and innovative solution for the rapid development of sophisticated, flexible THz absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Huang
- Laboratory of Intelligent Microsystems, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Misheng Liang
- Laboratory of Intelligent Microsystems, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Medical Equipment Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Jingzhen Medical Technology, Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
- Matrix Medical Technology, Ltd., Jiangsu 215024, China
| | - Ruige Su
- Laboratory of Intelligent Microsystems, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yanshuo Feng
- Laboratory of Intelligent Microsystems, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Wenqiang Xing
- Laboratory of Intelligent Microsystems, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaomeng Bian
- Laboratory of Intelligent Microsystems, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zheng You
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui You
- Laboratory of Intelligent Microsystems, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
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Pinheiro T, Morais M, Silvestre S, Carlos E, Coelho J, Almeida HV, Barquinha P, Fortunato E, Martins R. Direct Laser Writing: From Materials Synthesis and Conversion to Electronic Device Processing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402014. [PMID: 38551106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Direct Laser Writing (DLW) has been increasingly selected as a microfabrication route for efficient, cost-effective, high-resolution material synthesis and conversion. Concurrently, lasers participate in the patterning and assembly of functional geometries in several fields of application, of which electronics stand out. In this review, recent advances and strategies based on DLW for electronics microfabrication are surveyed and outlined, based on laser material growth strategies. First, the main DLW parameters influencing material synthesis and transformation mechanisms are summarized, aimed at selective, tailored writing of conductive and semiconducting materials. Additive and transformative DLW processing mechanisms are discussed, to open space to explore several categories of materials directly synthesized or transformed for electronics microfabrication. These include metallic conductors, metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides and carbides, laser-induced graphene, and their mixtures. By accessing a wide range of material types, DLW-based electronic applications are explored, including processing components, energy harvesting and storage, sensing, and bioelectronics. The expanded capability of lasers to participate in multiple fabrication steps at different implementation levels, from material engineering to device processing, indicates their future applicability to next-generation electronics, where more accessible, green microfabrication approaches integrate lasers as comprehensive tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pinheiro
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Maria Morais
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Sara Silvestre
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Carlos
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - João Coelho
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Henrique V Almeida
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barquinha
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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Bi ZJ, Cui J, Yao XH, Hu XJ, Wang SH, Liang MC, Zhou ZH, Xu JT. Objective Evaluation of Pulse Width Using an Array Pulse Diagram. J Evid Based Integr Med 2024; 29:2515690X241241859. [PMID: 38544476 PMCID: PMC11119526 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x241241859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulse width, which can reflect qi, blood excess, and deficiency, has been used for diagnosing diseases and determining the prognosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study aimed to devise an objective method to measure the pulse width based on an array pulse diagram for objective diagnosis. METHODS The channel 6, the region wherein the pulse wave signal is the strongest, is located in the middle of the pulse sensor array and at the guan position of cunkou during data collection. Therefore, the main wave (h1) time of the pulse wave was collected from the channel 6 through calculation. The left h1 time was collected from the remaining 11 channels. The amplitudes at these time points were extracted as the h1 amplitudes for each channel. However, the pulse width could not be calculated accurately at 12 points. Consequently, a bioharmonic spline interpolation algorithm was used to interpolate the h1 amplitude data obtained from the horizontal and vertical points, yielding 651 (31 × 21) h1 amplitude data. The 651 data points were converted into a heat map to intuitively calculate the pulse width. The pulse width was calculated by multiplying the number of grids on the vertical axis with the unit length of the grid. The pulse width was determined by TCM doctors to verify the pulse width measurement accuracy. Meanwhile, a color Doppler ultrasound examination of the volunteers' radial arteries was performed and the intravascular meridian widths of the radial artery compared with the calculated pulse widths to determine the reliability. RESULTS The pulse width determined using the maximal h1 amplitude method was comparable with the radial artery intravascular meridian widths measured using color Doppler ultrasound. The h1 amplitude was higher in the high blood pressure group and the pulse width was greater. CONCLUSIONS The pulse width determined using the maximal h1 amplitude was objective and accurate. Comparison between the pulse widths of the normal and high blood pressure groups verified the reliability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Juan Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Medicine Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Hua Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Hu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Han Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Chen Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Tuo Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Zou Y, Zhong M, Li S, Qing Z, Xing X, Gong G, Yan R, Qin W, Shen J, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Zhou C. Flexible Wearable Strain Sensors Based on Laser-Induced Graphene for Monitoring Human Physiological Signals. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3553. [PMID: 37688180 PMCID: PMC10490020 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible wearable strain sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) have attracted significant interest due to their simple preparation process, three-dimensional porous structure, excellent electromechanical characteristics, and remarkable mechanical robustness. In this study, we demonstrated that LIG with various defects could be prepared on the surface of polyimide (PI) film, patterned in a single step by adjusting the scanning speed while maintaining a constant laser power of 12.4 W, and subjected to two repeated scans under ambient air conditions. The results indicated that LIG produced at a scanning speed of 70 mm/s exhibited an obvious stacked honeycomb micropore structure, and the flexible strain sensor fabricated with this material demonstrated stable resistance. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity within a low strain range of 0.4-8.0%, with the gauge factor (GF) reaching 107.8. The sensor demonstrated excellent stability and repeatable response at a strain of 2% after approximately 1000 repetitions. The flexible wearable LIG-based sensor with a serpentine bending structure could be used to detect various physiological signals, including pulse, finger bending, back of the hand relaxation and gripping, blinking eyes, smiling, drinking water, and speaking. The results of this study may serve as a reference for future applications in health monitoring, medical rehabilitation, and human-computer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zou
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Mian Zhong
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Institute of Civil Aviation Intelligent Sensing and Advanced Detection Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China
| | - Shichen Li
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zehao Qing
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqing Xing
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Guochong Gong
- College of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (G.G.); (R.Y.); (W.Q.)
| | - Ran Yan
- College of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (G.G.); (R.Y.); (W.Q.)
| | - Wenfeng Qin
- College of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (G.G.); (R.Y.); (W.Q.)
| | - Jiaqing Shen
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Huazhong Zhang
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.Q.); (X.X.); (J.S.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Institute of Civil Aviation Intelligent Sensing and Advanced Detection Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China
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7
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Bressi AC, Dallinger A, Steksova Y, Greco F. Bioderived Laser-Induced Graphene for Sensors and Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37471123 PMCID: PMC10401514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The maskless and chemical-free conversion and patterning of synthetic polymer precursors into laser-induced graphene (LIG) via laser-induced pyrolysis is a relatively new but growing field. Bioderived precursors from lignocellulosic materials can also be converted to LIG, opening a path to sustainable and environmentally friendly applications. This review is designed as a starting point for researchers who are not familiar with LIG and/or who wish to switch to sustainable bioderived precursors for their applications. Bioderived precursors are described, and their performances (mainly crystallinity and sheet resistance of the obtained LIG) are compared. The three main fields of application are reviewed: supercapacitors and electrochemical and physical sensors. The key advantages and disadvantages of each precursor for each application are discussed and compared to those of a benchmark of polymer-derived LIG. LIG from bioderived precursors can match, or even outperform, its synthetic analogue and represents a viable and sometimes better alternative, also considering its low cost and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Bressi
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexander Dallinger
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petergasse 16, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Yulia Steksova
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Greco
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petergasse 16, Graz 8010, Austria
- Interdisciplinary Center on Sustainability and Climate, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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8
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Yang R, Dutta A, Li B, Tiwari N, Zhang W, Niu Z, Gao Y, Erdely D, Xin X, Li T, Cheng H. Iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity over ultra-broad linear range enabled by laser-induced gradient micro-pyramids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2907. [PMID: 37264026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive developments of flexible capacitive pressure sensors, it is still elusive to simultaneously achieve excellent linearity over a broad pressure range, high sensitivity, and ultrahigh pressure resolution under large pressure preloads. Here, we present a programmable fabrication method for microstructures to integrate an ultrathin ionic layer. The resulting optimized sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 33.7 kPa-1 over a linear range of 1700 kPa, a detection limit of 0.36 Pa, and a pressure resolution of 0.00725% under the pressure of 2000 kPa. Taken together with rapid response/recovery and excellent repeatability, the sensor is applied to subtle pulse detection, interactive robotic hand, and ultrahigh-resolution smart weight scale/chair. The proposed fabrication approaches and design toolkit from this work can also be leveraged to easily tune the pressure sensor performance for varying target applications and open up opportunities to create other iontronic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ankan Dutta
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Niu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel Erdely
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xin Xin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tiejun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, 050018, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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9
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Xie J, Zhao Y, Zhu D, Yan J, Li J, Qiao M, He G, Deng S. A Machine Learning-Combined Flexible Sensor for Tactile Detection and Voice Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12551-12559. [PMID: 36808950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent sensors have attracted substantial attention for various applications, including wearable electronics, artificial intelligence, healthcare monitoring, and human-machine interactions. However, there still remains a critical challenge in developing a multifunctional sensing system for complex signal detection and analysis in practical applications. Here, we develop a machine learning-combined flexible sensor for real-time tactile sensing and voice recognition through laser-induced graphitization. The intelligent sensor with a triboelectric layer can convert local pressure to an electrical signal through a contact electrification effect without external bias, which has a characteristic response behavior when exposed to various mechanical stimuli. With the special patterning design, a smart human-machine interaction controlling system composed of a digital arrayed touch panel is constructed to control electronic devices. Based on machine learning, the real-time monitoring and recognition of the changes of voice are achieved with high accuracy. The machine learning-empowered flexible sensor provides a promising platform for the development of flexible tactile sensing, real-time health detection, human-machine interaction, and intelligent wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dezhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shengfa Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Tung TT, Tran MT, Pereira AL, Cordeiro CM, Nguyen DD, Tai NH, Tran VV, Hsu CC, Joshi P, Yoshimura M, Feller JF, Castro M, Hassan K, Nine MJ, Stanley N, Losic D. Graphene woven fabric-polydimethylsiloxane piezoresistive films for smart multi-stimuli responses. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 221:112940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Highly Thermally Conductive Epoxy Composites with AlN/BN Hybrid Filler as Underfill Encapsulation Material for Electronic Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142950. [PMID: 35890726 PMCID: PMC9320615 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of a hybrid filler composed of zero-dimensional spherical AlN particles and two-dimensional BN flakes on the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin were studied. The thermal conductivity (TC) of the pristine epoxy matrix (EP) was 0.22 W/(m K), while the composite showed the TC of 10.18 W/(m K) at the 75 wt% AlN–BN hybrid filler loading, which is approximately a 46-fold increase. Moreover, various essential application properties were examined, such as the viscosity, cooling rate, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), morphology, and electrical properties. In particular, the AlN–BN/EP composite showed higher thermal stability and lower CTE (22.56 ppm/°C) than pure epoxy. Overall, the demonstrated outstanding thermal performance is appropriate for the production of electronic packaging materials, including next-generation flip-chip underfills.
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12
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Research Progress on the Preparation and Applications of Laser-Induced Graphene Technology. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142336. [PMID: 35889560 PMCID: PMC9317010 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has been regarded as a potential application material in the field of new energy conversion and storage because of its unique two-dimensional structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, traditional graphene preparation methods are complicated in-process and difficult to form patterned structures. In recent years, laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has received a large amount of attention from scholars and has a wide range of applications in supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, air filters, water treatment, etc. In this paper, we summarized a variety of preparation methods for graphene. The effects of laser processing parameters, laser type, precursor materials, and process atmosphere on the properties of the prepared LIG were reviewed. Then, two strategies for large-scale production of LIG were briefly described. We also discussed the wide applications of LIG in the fields of signal sensing, environmental protection, and energy storage. Finally, we briefly outlined the future trends of this research direction.
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13
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Joanni E, Kumar R, Fernandes WP, Savu R, Matsuda A. In situ growth of laser-induced graphene micro-patterns on arbitrary substrates. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8914-8918. [PMID: 35713534 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article we report a new laser processing method, combining the in situ graphitization of polyimide with simultaneous transfer of the graphene patterns to arbitrary substrates. The synthesis conditions are similar to those normally used for the well-known laser-induced graphene method. The approach is based on the enclosure of polyimide sheets between microscope glass slides. Graphene patterns have been successfully generated on glass and on PDMS, as well as graphene decorated with metals and oxides. In order to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach, the method was applied to the fabrication of hybrid supercapacitors, which exhibited very good electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednan Joanni
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), Campinas 13069-901, Brazil.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Willians P Fernandes
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), Campinas 13069-901, Brazil.
| | - Raluca Savu
- Centre for Semiconductor Components and Nanotechnology (CCS Nano), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-870, Brazil
| | - Atsunori Matsuda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
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14
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Comprehensive Characterization of Solution-Cast Pristine and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films for Sensory Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132546. [PMID: 35808590 PMCID: PMC9268764 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pristine and doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are actively investigated for a broad range of applications in pressure sensing, energy harvesting, transducers, porous membranes, etc. There have been numerous reports on the improved piezoelectric and electric performance of PVDF-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structures. However, the common in situ doping methods have proven to be expensive and less desirable. Furthermore, there is a lack of explicit extraction of the compression mode piezoelectric coefficient (d33) in ex situ rGO doped PVDF composite films prepared using low-cost, solution-cast processes. In this work, we describe an optimal procedure for preparing high-quality pristine and nano-composite PVDF films using solution-casting and thermal poling. We then verify their electromechanical properties by rigorously characterizing β-phase concentration, crystallinity, piezoelectric coefficient, dielectric permittivity, and loss tangent. We also demonstrate a novel stationary atomic force microscope (AFM) technique designed to reduce non-piezoelectric influences on the extraction of d33 in PVDF films. We then discuss the benefits of our d33 measurements technique over commercially sourced piezometers and conventional piezoforce microscopy (PFM). Characterization outcomes from our in-house synthesized films demonstrate that the introduction of 0.3%w.t. rGO nanoparticles in a solution-cast only marginally changes the β-phase concentration from 83.7% to 81.7% and decreases the crystallinity from 42.4% to 37.3%, whereas doping increases the piezoelectric coefficient by 28% from d33 = 45 pm/V to d33 = 58 pm/V, while also improving the dielectric by 28%. The piezoelectric coefficients of our films were generally higher but comparable to other in situ prepared PVDF/rGO composite films, while the dielectric permittivity and β-phase concentrations were found to be lower.
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15
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Park C, Choi M, Lee S, Kim H, Lee T, Billah MM, Jung B, Jang J. Highly Sensitive, Stretchable Pressure Sensor Using Blue Laser Annealed CNTs. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132127. [PMID: 35807963 PMCID: PMC9268723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A piezoresistive sensor is an essential component of wearable electronics that can detect resistance changes when pressure is applied. In general, microstructures of sensing layers have been adopted as an effective approach to enhance piezoresistive performance. However, the mold-casted microstructures typically have quite a thick layer with dozens of microscales. In this paper, a carbon microstructure is formed by blue laser annealing (BLA) on a carbon nanotube (CNT) layer, which changes the surface morphology of CNTs into carbonaceous protrusions and increases its thickness more than four times compared to the as-deposited layer. Then, the pressure sensor is fabricated using a spin-coating of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) elastomer on the BLA CNTs layer. A 1.32 µm-thick pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 6.87 × 105 kPa−1, a wide sensing range of 278 Pa~40 kPa and a fast response/recovery time of 20 ms, respectively. The stability of the pressure sensor is demonstrated by the repeated loading and unloading of 20 kPa for 4000 cycles. The stretchable pressure sensor was also demonstrated using lateral CNT electrodes on SEBS surface, exhibiting stable pressure performance, with up to 20% stretching.
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16
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Advanced wearable biosensors for the detection of body fluids and exhaled breath by graphene. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:236. [PMID: 35633385 PMCID: PMC9146825 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Given the huge economic burden caused by chronic and acute diseases on human beings, it is an urgent requirement of a cost-effective diagnosis and monitoring process to treat and cure the disease in their preliminary stage to avoid severe complications. Wearable biosensors have been developed by using numerous materials for non-invasive, wireless, and consistent human health monitoring. Graphene, a 2D nanomaterial, has received considerable attention for the development of wearable biosensors due to its outstanding physical, chemical, and structural properties. Moreover, the extremely flexible, foldable, and biocompatible nature of graphene provide a wide scope for developing wearable biosensor devices. Therefore, graphene and its derivatives could be trending materials to fabricate wearable biosensor devices for remote human health management in the near future. Various biofluids and exhaled breath contain many relevant biomarkers which can be exploited by wearable biosensors non-invasively to identify diseases. In this article, we have discussed various methodologies and strategies for synthesizing and pattering graphene. Furthermore, general sensing mechanism of biosensors, and graphene-based biosensing devices for tear, sweat, interstitial fluid (ISF), saliva, and exhaled breath have also been explored and discussed thoroughly. Finally, current challenges and future prospective of graphene-based wearable biosensors have been evaluated with conclusion. Graphene is a promising 2D material for the development of wearable sensors. Various biofluids (sweat, tears, saliva and ISF) and exhaled breath contains many relevant biomarkers which facilitate in identify diseases. Biosensor is made up of biological recognition element such as enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, hormone, organelle, or complete cell and physical (transducer, amplifier), provide fast response without causing organ harm.
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17
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Li Y, Long J, Chen Y, Huang Y, Zhao N. Crosstalk-Free, High-Resolution Pressure Sensor Arrays Enabled by High-Throughput Laser Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200517. [PMID: 35332964 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving high spatial resolution and low crosstalk interference has been a fundamental challenge for flexible pressure sensor arrays. Here the authors present a high-resolution flexible pressure sensor array fabricated through a two-step laser manufacturing process, where individual sensing pixels and their interconnects are sequentially defined by laser-induced graphenization and ablation to minimize crosstalk interferences. The geometry of the interconnects is optimized through theoretical modeling and experimental validation. Characterization results show that the new device design induces a remarkable reduction of the crosstalk coefficient, from -8.21 to -43.63 dB, of the 0.7 mm-resolution sensor arrays, and the crosstalk suppression is particularly beneficial for application scenarios involving pressure sensing on soft surfaces (e.g., human skin and organs). Applications of the sensor array in tactile pattern recognition and minimally-invasive cancer surgery are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
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18
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Xu L, Cui Z, Li L, He Y, Wu C, Chen G, Li X, He G, Hai Z, Chen Q, Sun D. In Situ Laser Fabrication of Polymer-Derived Ceramic Composite Thin-Film Sensors for Harsh Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12652-12661. [PMID: 35230074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) is considered an excellent sensing material for harsh environments such as aero-engines and nuclear reactors. However, there are many inherent limitations not only in pure PDC but also in its common fabrication method by furnace thermolysis. Therefore, this study proposes a novel method of rapid in situ fabrication of PDC composite thin-film sensors by laser pyrolysis. Using this method with different fillers, a sensitive PDC composite film layer with high-quality graphite can be obtained quickly, which is more flexible and efficient compared to the traditional furnace thermolysis. Furthermore, this study analyzes the reaction differences between laser pyrolysis and furnace thermolysis. The laser pyrolysis method principally produces β-SiC and enhances the graphitization of amorphous carbon, while the degree of graphitization by furnace thermolysis is low. In addition, it is capable of rapidly preparing an insulating PDC composite film, which still has a resistance of 5 MΩ at 600 °C. As a proof of this method, the PDC composite thin-film strain sensors are fabricated in situ on nickel alloys and aluminum oxide substrates, respectively. The sensor fabricated on the nickel alloy with a high gauge factor of over 100 can be used in high-temperature environments below 350 °C without the protection of an oxidation-resistant coating. In this way, the approach pioneers the in situ laser fabrication of functional PDC films for sensors, and it has great potential for the in situ sensing of complex curved surfaces in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zaifu Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yingping He
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Gonghan He
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenyin Hai
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qinnan Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Micro/nano Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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19
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Carvalho AF, Kulyk B, Fernandes AJS, Fortunato E, Costa FM. A Review on the Applications of Graphene in Mechanical Transduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101326. [PMID: 34288155 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A pressing need to develop low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sensitive sensors has arisen with the advent of the always-connected paradigm of the internet-of-things (IoT). In particular, mechanical sensors have been widely studied in recent years for applications ranging from health monitoring, through mechanical biosignals, to structure integrity analysis. On the other hand, innovative ways to implement mechanical actuation have also been the focus of intense research in an attempt to close the circle of human-machine interaction, and move toward applications in flexible electronics. Due to its potential scalability, disposability, and outstanding properties, graphene has been thoroughly studied in the field of mechanical transduction. The applications of graphene in mechanical transduction are reviewed here. An overview of sensor and actuator applications is provided, covering different transduction mechanisms such as piezoresistivity, capacitive sensing, optically interrogated displacement, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, electrostatic actuation, chemomechanical and thermomechanical actuation, as well as thermoacoustic emission. A critical review of the main approaches is presented within the scope of a wider discussion on the future of this so-called wonder material in the field of mechanical transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre F Carvalho
- I3N-Aveiro, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Bohdan Kulyk
- I3N-Aveiro, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Elvira Fortunato
- I3N/CENIMAT, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Florinda M Costa
- I3N-Aveiro, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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20
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Zhu Y, Hartel MC, Yu N, Garrido PR, Kim S, Lee J, Bandaru P, Guan S, Lin H, Emaminejad S, de Barros NR, Ahadian S, Kim HJ, Sun W, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Weiss PS, Yan R, Khademhosseini A. Epidermis-Inspired Wearable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Self-Wrapped Copper Nanowire Networks. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100900. [PMID: 35041280 PMCID: PMC8852346 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearable piezoresistive sensors are being developed as electronic skins (E-skin) for broad applications in human physiological monitoring and soft robotics. Tactile sensors with sufficient sensitivities, durability, and large dynamic ranges are required to replicate this critical component of the somatosensory system. Multiple micro/nanostructures, materials, and sensing modalities have been reported to address this need. However, a trade-off arises between device performance and device complexity. Inspired by the microstructure of the spinosum at the dermo epidermal junction in skin, a low-cost, scalable, and high-performance piezoresistive sensor is developed with high sensitivity (0.144 kPa-1 ), extensive sensing range ( 0.1-15 kPa), fast response time (less than 150 ms), and excellent long-term stability (over 1000 cycles). Furthermore, the piezoresistive functionality of the device is realized via a flexible transparent electrode (FTE) using a highly stable reduced graphene oxide self-wrapped copper nanowire network. The developed nanowire-based spinosum microstructured FTEs are amenable to wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhu
- Corresponding Authors: (Y. Zhu); (R. Yan); (A. Khademhosseini)
| | | | - Ning Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Pamela Rosario Garrido
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Technological Institute of Merida, Merida, Yucatan 97118, Mexico
| | - Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Junmin Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Shenghan Guan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Haisong Lin
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Wujin Sun
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruoxue Yan
- Corresponding Authors: (Y. Zhu); (R. Yan); (A. Khademhosseini)
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21
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Chen KY, Xu YT, Zhao Y, Li JK, Wang XP, Qu LT. Recent progress in graphene-based wearable piezoresistive sensors: From 1D to 3D device geometries. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Shirhatti V, Nuthalapati S, Kedambaimoole V, Kumar S, Nayak MM, Rajanna K. Multifunctional Graphene Sensor Ensemble as a Smart Biomonitoring Fashion Accessory. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4325-4337. [PMID: 34847320 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomonitoring wearable sensors based on two-dimensional nanomaterials have recently elicited keen research interest and potential for a new range of flexible nanoelectronic devices. Practical nanomaterial-based devices suited for real-world service, which exhibit first-rate performance while being an attractive accessory, are still distant. We report a multifunctional flexible wearable sensor fabricated using an ultrathin percolative layer of graphene nanosheets on laser-patterned gold circular interdigitated electrodes for monitoring vital human physiological parameters. This graphene on laser-patterned electrode (GLE) sensor displays an excellent strain resolution of 245 με (0.024%) and a record high gauge factor of 6.3 × 107, with exceptional stability and repeatability in its operating range. The sensor was tested for human physiological monitoring like measurement of heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature, and hydration level, which are vital health parameters, especially considering the current pandemic scenario. The sensor also served in applications such as a pedometer, limb movement tracker, and control switch for human interaction. The innovative laser-etch process used to pattern gold thin-film electrodes, with the multifunctional incognizable graphene layer, provides a technique for integrating multiple sensors in a wearable band. The reported work marks a giant leap from the conventional banal devices to a highly marketable multifunctional sensor array as a biomonitoring fashion accessory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Shirhatti
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suresh Nuthalapati
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vaishakh Kedambaimoole
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Konandur Rajanna
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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23
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Yang L, Wang H, Yuan W, Li Y, Gao P, Tiwari N, Chen X, Wang Z, Niu G, Cheng H. Wearable Pressure Sensors Based on MXene/Tissue Papers for Wireless Human Health Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60531-60543. [PMID: 34894673 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Though the widely available, low-cost, and disposable papers have been explored in flexible paper-based pressure sensors, it is still difficult for them to simultaneously achieve ultrahigh sensitivity, low limit and broad range of detection, and high-pressure resolution. Herein, we demonstrate a novel flexible paper-based pressure sensing platform that features the MXene-coated tissue paper (MTP) sandwiched between a polyimide encapsulation layer and a printing paper with interdigital electrodes. After replacing the polyimide with weighing paper in the MTP pressure sensor, the silver interdigital electrodes can be recycled through incineration. The resulting pressure sensor with polyimide or paper encapsulation exhibits a high sensitivity of 509.5 or 344.0 kPa-1, a low limit (∼1 Pa) and a broad range (100 kPa) of detection, and outstanding stability over 10 000 loading/unloading cycles. With ultrahigh sensitivity over a wide pressure range, the flexible pressure sensor can monitor various physiological signals and human movements. Configuring the pressure sensors into an array layout results in a smart artificial electronic skin to recognize the spatial pressure distribution. The flexible pressure sensor can also be integrated with signal processing and wireless communication modules on a face mask as a remote respiration monitoring system to wirelessly detect various respiration conditions and respiratory abnormalities for early self-identification of opioid overdose, pulmonary fibrosis, and other cardiopulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Wenjing Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Electronic Information, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guangyu Niu
- Department of Architecture and Art, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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24
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Wu C, Zhang X, Wang R, Chen LJ, Nie M, Zhang Z, Huang X, Han L. Low-dimensional material based wearable sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:072001. [PMID: 34706353 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac33d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are believed to be the most important part of the Internet of Things. In order to meet the application requirements, low-dimensional materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes have been attempted to constitute wearable sensors with high performance. Our discussions in this review include the different low-dimensional material based sensors which are employed in wearable applications. Low-dimensional materials based wearable sensors for detecting various physical quantities in surroundings, including temperature sensor, pressure or strain sensor and humidity sensor, is introduced. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of research status and future development direction of low-dimensional materials based wearable sensors. Challenges for developing commercially low-dimensional namomaterials based wearable sensors are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggen Wu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Nie
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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25
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Ma C, Liu YF, Bi YG, Zhang XL, Yin D, Feng J, Sun HB. Recent progress in post treatment of silver nanowire electrodes for optoelectronic device applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12423-12437. [PMID: 34259675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the economical and practical solution synthesis and coating strategies, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative materials to replace commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. The primitive AgNW electrode cannot meet the requirements for preparing high performance optoelectronic devices due to its high contact resistance, large surface roughness and poor stability. Thus, various post-treatments for AgNW film optimization are needed before its actual applications, such as welding treatment to decrease contact resistance and passivation to increase film stability. This review investigates recent progress on the preparation and optimization of AgNWs. Moreover, some unique fabrication strategies to produce highly oriented AgNW films with unique anisotropic properties have also been carried out with detailed analysis. The representative devices based on the AgNW electrode have been summarized and discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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26
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Zhang J, Xu R, Feng J, Xie Y, Zhou T. Laser Direct Writing of Flexible Heaters on Polymer Substrates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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27
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Vivaldi F, Dallinger A, Bonini A, Poma N, Sembranti L, Biagini D, Salvo P, Greco F, Di Francesco F. Three-Dimensional (3D) Laser-Induced Graphene: Structure, Properties, and Application to Chemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30245-30260. [PMID: 34167302 PMCID: PMC8289247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding its relatively recent discovery, graphene has gone through many evolution steps and inspired a multitude of applications in many fields, from electronics to life science. The recent advancements in graphene production and patterning, and the inclusion of two-dimensional (2D) graphenic materials in three-dimensional (3D) superstructures, further extended the number of potential applications. In this Review, we focus on laser-induced graphene (LIG), an intriguing 3D porous graphenic material produced by direct laser scribing of carbonaceous precursors, and on its applications in chemical sensors and biosensors. LIG can be shaped in different 3D forms with a high surface-to-volume ratio, which is a valuable characteristic for sensors that typically rely on phenomena occurring at surfaces and interfaces. Herein, an overview of LIG, including synthesis from various precursors, structure, and characteristic properties, is first provided. The discussion focuses especially on transport and surface properties, and on how these can be controlled by tuning the laser processing. Progresses and trends in LIG-based chemical sensors are then reviewed, discussing the various transduction mechanisms and different LIG functionalization procedures for chemical sensing. A comparative evaluation of sensors performance is then provided. Finally, sensors for glucose detection are reviewed in more detail, since they represent the vast majority of LIG-based chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico
Maria Vivaldi
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute
of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexander Dallinger
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Poma
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sembranti
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute
of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Greco
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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28
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Ali A, Ali F, Rashedi A, Armghan A, Fajita MRN, Alenezi F, Babu NBK. Fabrication and Characterization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes-Graphene-Based Sandwich Composite Pressure Sensor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:nano11051284. [PMID: 34068218 PMCID: PMC8153171 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, piezoresistive properties of graphene-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites are investigated, characterized, and compared. Sandwich-type composite piezoresistive pressure-sensitive sensors (Ag/Graphene-MWCNT/Ag) with the same diameters, but different fabrication pressures and thicknesses were fabricated using the mortar and pestle/hydraulic press technique. To produce low-electrical-resistance contacts, both sides of the composite sensors were painted with silver (Ag) paste. All the sensors showed reductions in the direct current (DC) resistance 'R' with an increment in external uniaxial applied pressure. However, it was observed that higher fabrication pressure led to a lower resistance value of the composite, while the thicker samples give lower electrical conductivity and higher resistance than the thinner samples. The experimental data for all composite pressure sensors were in excellent agreement with the simulated results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asar Ali
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan 2950, Pakistan; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan 2950, Pakistan; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Ahmad Rashedi
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ammar Armghan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - M. R. Nurul Fajita
- Bioresource Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Fayadh Alenezi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - N. B. Karthik Babu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761211, India;
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29
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Wang L, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Wu Y, Zheng H. Enhancement of antibacterial function by incorporation of silver-doped ZnO nanocrystals onto a laser-induced graphene surface. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33883-33889. [PMID: 35497311 PMCID: PMC9042371 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms formed on touchable surfaces such as displays of electronic devices not only reduce the product service life, but also cause human health issues. There is an urgent need to research the biofilm formation mechanism and methodologies to prevent formation of biofilms on human touchable surfaces. It has been reported that laser-induced graphene (LIG) helps resist biofilm growth, which has been attributed to the atomic composition and sharp edges of graphene. However, LIG alone was not able to retard bacterial growth completely. It has been reported that LIG incorporated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles exhibited enhanced surface antibacterial activity. As a heavy metal, overdose of Ag is harmful to human health. Therefore, a new biocompatible antibacterial agent to replace or reduce the use of Ag is highly important. In this study, we investigate and compare the effect of LIG doped with two types of nanocrystals, i.e., ZnO and silver (Ag)-doped ZnO, on antibacterial actions. A 355 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser was used to produce LIG on a watercolor paper substrate. Formation of few-layer graphene has been verified by Raman spectra. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a representative of Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a representative of Gram-positive bacteria were employed for the investigation of the bacteriostatic properties of the LIG paper substrate. Results show that with the incorporation of either the ZnO nanocrystals or the silver (Ag)-doped ZnO nanocrystals into LIG, the antibacterial effect became stronger. It is further shown that the Ag-doped ZnO nanocrystals have superior antibacterial performance to that of the ZnO nanocrystals. The Ag-doped ZnO nanocrystals are potentially an effective and biocompatible antibacterial agent and yet have a much reduced and acceptable level of Ag concentration. Ag-doped ZnO nanocrystals are incorporated into LIG for enhancing the antibacterial effect. The formulated nanocrystals act as an effective and biocompatible antibacterial agent and yet have a much reduced and acceptable level of Ag concentration.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Wang
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghao Wang
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yongling Wu
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
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30
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Xu Y, Fei Q, Page M, Zhao G, Ling Y, Chen D, Yan Z. Laser-induced graphene for bioelectronics and soft actuators. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 14:3033-3050. [PMID: 33841746 PMCID: PMC8023525 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser-assisted process can enable facile, mask-free, large-area, inexpensive, customizable, and miniaturized patterning of laser-induced porous graphene (LIG) on versatile carbonaceous substrates (e.g., polymers, wood, food, textiles) in a programmed manner at ambient conditions. Together with high tailorability of its porosity, morphology, composition, and electrical conductivity, LIG can find wide applications in emerging bioelectronics (e.g., biophysical and biochemical sensing) and soft robots (e.g., soft actuators). In this review paper, we first introduce the methods to make LIG on various carbonaceous substrates and then discuss its electrical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties and biocompatibility that are critical for applications in bioelectronics and soft robots. Next, we overview the recent studies of LIG-based biophysical (e.g., strain, pressure, temperature, hydration, humidity, electrophysiological) sensors and biochemical (e.g., gases, electrolytes, metabolites, pathogens, nucleic acids, immunology) sensors. The applications of LIG in flexible energy generators and photodetectors are also introduced. In addition, LIG-enabled soft actuators that can respond to chemicals, electricity, and light stimulus are overviewed. Finally, we briefly discuss the future challenges and opportunities of LIG fabrications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xu
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Qihui Fei
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Margaret Page
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Ganggang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Dick Chen
- Rock Bridge High School, Columbia, Missouri 65203 USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
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31
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Direct Laser Writing of Transparent Polyimide Film for Supercapacitor. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122547. [PMID: 33352840 PMCID: PMC7766479 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct laser writing (DLW) is a convenient approach for fabricating graphene-based flexible electronic devices. In this paper, laser-induced graphene was successfully prepared on a thin and transparent polyimide film through the DLW process. Experiments have demonstrated that interdigital thin film capacitor prepared by the DLW method has a high specific capacitance of 8.11 mF/cm2 and volume capacitance density of 3.16 F/cm3 (0.05 mA/cm2) due to the doped fluoride in the laser-induced graphene. The capacitance is about 20 times larger than the super-capacitor based non-transparent polyimide film of the same thickness. Owing to its thin, flexible, higher electrochemical characteristics, the transparent polyimide film is promising for integrating and powering portable and wearable electronics.
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32
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A Comparative Study of Laser-Induced Graphene by CO 2 Infrared Laser and 355 nm Ultraviolet (UV) Laser. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121094. [PMID: 33322283 PMCID: PMC7764730 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is an emerging technique for producing few-layer graphene or graphene-like material that has recently received increasing attention, due to its unique advantages. Subsequently, a variety of lasers and materials have been used to fabricate LIG using this technique. However, there is a lack of understanding of how different lasers (wavelengths) perform differently in the LIG conversion process. In this study, the produced LIG on polyimide (PI) under a locally water-cooled condition using a 10.6 μm CO2 infrared laser and a 355 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser are compared. The experimental investigations reveal that under the same UV and CO2 laser fluence, the ablation of PI show different results. Surface morphologies with micron-sized and nanometer pores were formed by the UV laser under different laser fluences, whereas micron-sized pores and sheet structure with fewer pores were produced by the CO2 laser. Energy dispersive spectrometry and three-dimensional topography characterization indicate that the photochemical effects were also involved in the LIG conversion with UV laser irradiation. It is also observed through experiments that the photothermal effect contributed to the formation of LIG under both lasers, and the LIG formed on PI substrates by the CO2 laser showed better quality and fewer layers.
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33
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Wang J, Zhang C, Chen D, Sun M, Liang N, Cheng Q, Ji Y, Gao H, Guo Z, Li Y, Sun D, Li Q, Liu H. Fabrication of a Sensitive Strain and Pressure Sensor from Gold Nanoparticle-Assembled 3D-Interconnected Graphene Microchannel-Embedded PDMS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51854-51863. [PMID: 33151060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Manufacture of uniform, sensitive, and durable microtextured sensing materials is one of the greatest challenges for pressure sensors and electronic skins. Reported in this article is a gold nanoparticle-assembled, 3D-interconnected, graphene microchannel-embedded PDMS (3D GMC-PDMS) film for strain and pressure sensors. The film consists of porous nickel foam with its inner walls coated by multilayer graphene. Embedding in PDMS with etching removal of the Ni yields a 3D GMC-PDMS. Coating the inner walls with Au nanoparticles yields an Au nanoparticle-assembled 3D GMC-PDMS (AuNPs-GMC-PDMS) film, which is useful as an ultrasensitive pressure and strain sensor. This sensor exhibits a wide detection range (∼50 kPa) and ultrahigh sensitivity of 5.37, 1.56, and 0.5 kPa-1 in the ranges of <1, 1-10, and 10-50 kPa, respectively. Its lower detection limit is 4.4 Pa, its response time is 20 ms, and its strain factor is up to 15. Comparison of a AuNPs-GMC-PDMS film with a 3D GMC-PDMS film reveals a sensitivity improvement of 40 times in the 0-1 kPa pressure range and a gauge factor of more than 4 times in the 0-30% tensile strain range. The device has broad applications as a traditional or wearable medical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Duo Chen
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Mingyuan Sun
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Na Liang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Qilin Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yanchen Ji
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Haoyang Gao
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Zhijie Guo
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Dehui Sun
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Qinfei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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34
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Mechanical Pressure Characterization of CNT-Graphene Composite Material. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11111000. [PMID: 33198096 PMCID: PMC7698087 DOI: 10.3390/mi11111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are extensively studied materials in the field of sensing technology and other electronic devices due to their better functional and structural properties. Additionally, more attention is given to utilize these materials as a filler to reinforce the properties of other materials. However, the role of weight percentage of CNTs in the piezoresistive properties of these materials has not been reported yet. In this work, CNT-graphene composite-based piezoresistive pressure samples in the form of pellets with different weight percentages of CNTs were fabricated and characterized. All the samples exhibit a decrease in the direct current (DC) resistance with the increase in external uniaxial applied pressure from 0 to 74.8 kNm−2. However, under the same external uniaxial applied pressure, the DC resistance exhibit more decrease as the weight percentage of the CNTs increase in the composites.
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35
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Al-Qatatsheh A, Morsi Y, Zavabeti A, Zolfagharian A, Salim N, Z. Kouzani A, Mosadegh B, Gharaie S. Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4484. [PMID: 32796604 PMCID: PMC7474433 DOI: 10.3390/s20164484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in materials science and fabrication techniques have contributed to the significant growing attention to a wide variety of sensors for digital healthcare. While the progress in this area is tremendously impressive, few wearable sensors with the capability of real-time blood pressure monitoring are approved for clinical use. One of the key obstacles in the further development of wearable sensors for medical applications is the lack of comprehensive technical evaluation of sensor materials against the expected clinical performance. Here, we present an extensive review and critical analysis of various materials applied in the design and fabrication of wearable sensors. In our unique transdisciplinary approach, we studied the fundamentals of blood pressure and examined its measuring modalities while focusing on their clinical use and sensing principles to identify material functionalities. Then, we carefully reviewed various categories of functional materials utilized in sensor building blocks allowing for comparative analysis of the performance of a wide range of materials throughout the sensor operational-life cycle. Not only this provides essential data to enhance the materials' properties and optimize their performance, but also, it highlights new perspectives and provides suggestions to develop the next generation pressure sensors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Qatatsheh
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Yosry Morsi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Nisa Salim
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Saleh Gharaie
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
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36
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Transduction Mechanisms, Micro-Structuring Techniques, and Applications of Electronic Skin Pressure Sensors: A Review of Recent Advances. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164407. [PMID: 32784603 PMCID: PMC7472322 DOI: 10.3390/s20164407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), which is an electronic surrogate of human skin, aims to recreate the multifunctionality of skin by using sensing units to detect multiple stimuli, while keeping key features of skin such as low thickness, stretchability, flexibility, and conformability. One of the most important stimuli to be detected is pressure due to its relevance in a plethora of applications, from health monitoring to functional prosthesis, robotics, and human-machine-interfaces (HMI). The performance of these e-skin pressure sensors is tailored, typically through micro-structuring techniques (such as photolithography, unconventional molds, incorporation of naturally micro-structured materials, laser engraving, amongst others) to achieve high sensitivities (commonly above 1 kPa−1), which is mostly relevant for health monitoring applications, or to extend the linearity of the behavior over a larger pressure range (from few Pa to 100 kPa), an important feature for functional prosthesis. Hence, this review intends to give a generalized view over the most relevant highlights in the development and micro-structuring of e-skin pressure sensors, while contributing to update the field with the most recent research. A special emphasis is devoted to the most employed pressure transduction mechanisms, namely capacitance, piezoelectricity, piezoresistivity, and triboelectricity, as well as to materials and novel techniques more recently explored to innovate the field and bring it a step closer to general adoption by society.
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Ji B, Zhou Q, Wu J, Gao Y, Wen W, Zhou B. Synergistic Optimization toward the Sensitivity and Linearity of Flexible Pressure Sensor via Double Conductive Layer and Porous Microdome Array. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31021-31035. [PMID: 32516533 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, wearable pressure sensors have attracted considerable interest in various fields such as healthcare monitoring, intelligent robots, etc. Although artificial structures or conductive materials have been well developed, the trade-off between sensitivity and linearity of pressure sensors is yet to be fully resolved by a traditional approach. Herein, from theoretical analysis to experimental design, we present the novel CPDMS/AgNWs double conductive layer (DCL) to synergistically optimize the sensitivity and linearity of piezoresistive pressure sensors. The facilely fabricated solid microdome array (SDA) is first employed as the elastomer to clarify the unrevealed working mechanism of DCL. Attributed to the synergistic effect of DCL, the DCL/SDA based sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (up to 3788.29 kPa-1) in an obviously broadened linearity range (0-6 kPa). We also demonstrated that the synergistic effect of DCL can be regulated with use of porous microdome array (PDA) to further optimize the sensing property. The linearity range can be improved up to 70 kPa while preserving the high sensitivity of 924.37 kPa-1 based on the interlocked PDA structure (IPDA), which is rarely reported in previous studies. The optimized sensitivity and linearity allow the competitive DCL/IPDA based sensor as a reliable platform to monitor kinds of physiological signals covering from low pressures (e.g., artery pulses), medium pressures (e.g., muscle expansions), to high pressures (e.g., body motions). We believe that the methodology along with the robust sensor can be of great potential for reliable healthcare monitoring and wearable electronic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Shenzhen Shineway Hi-Tech Corporation, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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Hayashi S, Morosawa F, Terakawa M. Synthesis of silicon carbide nanocrystals and multilayer graphitic carbon by femtosecond laser irradiation of polydimethylsiloxane. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1886-1893. [PMID: 36132511 PMCID: PMC9417551 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based modification of polymer materials has been emerging as a versatile and efficient technique to simultaneously form and pattern electrically conductive materials. Recently, it has been revealed that native polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be modified into electrically conductive structures using femtosecond laser irradiation; however, the details regarding the structures formed by this method have yet to be revealed. In this work, structures were fabricated by focusing and scanning femtosecond laser pulses onto the surface of PDMS. Raman Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed the formation of silicon carbide (SiC) nanocrystals, as well as multilayer graphitic carbon, in the modified regions of PDMS. The state of the formed material differed depending on the distance from the focal spot, suggesting that photo-thermal effects contributed to the degradation of PDMS into conductive material. Electrical conductivity measurements, in addition to Raman results, indicated that the amount of disorder in the formed graphitic carbon contributes to the electrical conductivity of the fabricated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Hayashi
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama-shi 223-8522 Japan
| | - Fumiya Morosawa
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama-shi 223-8522 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Terakawa
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama-shi 223-8522 Japan
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama-shi 223-8522 Japan
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Miao P, Wang J, Zhang C, Sun M, Cheng S, Liu H. Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:71. [PMID: 34138011 PMCID: PMC7770800 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and can perceive and respond to complex environmental stimulations. Recently, the development of electronic skin (E-skin) for the mimicry of the human sensory system has drawn great attention due to its potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems, advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-machine interfaces. Tactile sense is one of the most important senses of human skin that has attracted special attention. The ability to obtain unique functions using diverse assembly processible methods has rapidly advanced the use of graphene, the most celebrated two-dimensional material, in electronic tactile sensing devices. With a special emphasis on the works achieved since 2016, this review begins with the assembly and modification of graphene materials and then critically and comprehensively summarizes the most advanced material assembly methods, device construction technologies and signal characterization approaches in pressure and strain detection based on graphene and its derivative materials. This review emphasizes on: (1) the underlying working principles of these types of sensors and the unique roles and advantages of graphene materials; (2) state-of-the-art protocols recently developed for high-performance tactile sensing, including representative examples; and (3) perspectives and current challenges for graphene-based tactile sensors in E-skin applications. A summary of these cutting-edge developments intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the future design of high-quality tactile sensing devices and paves a path for their future commercial applications in the field of E-skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Miao
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyuan Sun
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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