1
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Wang Y, Yang B, Huang Z, Yang Z, Wang J, Ao Q, Yin G, Li Y. Progress and mechanism of graphene oxide-composited materials in application of peripheral nerve repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113672. [PMID: 38071946 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are one of the most common nerve injuries, and graphene oxide (GO) has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of PNI. GO could enhance the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation of neuronal cells by upregulating the expression of relevant proteins, and regulate the angiogenesis process and immune response. Therefore, GO is a suitable additional component for fabricating artificial nerve scaffolds (ANS), in which the slight addition of GO could improve the physicochemical performance of the matrix materials, through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction. GO-composited ANS can increase the expression of nerve regeneration-associated genes and factors, promoting angiogenesis by activating the RAS/MAPK and AKT-eNOS-VEGF signaling pathway, respectively. Moreover, GO could be metabolized and excreted from the body through the pathway of peroxidase degradation in vivo. Consequently, the application of GO in PNI regeneration exhibits significant potential for transitioning from laboratory research to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Precision Medical Center of Southwest China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Zhaopu Yang
- Center for Drug Inspection, Guizhou Medical Products Administration, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
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2
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Li K, Li J. Application of graphene oxide in tumor targeting and tumor therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2551-2576. [PMID: 37768314 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2265171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), as a kind of two-dimensional sp2 carbon nanomaterials, has attracted great attention in many fields in the past decade. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, GO is showing great promise in the field of biomedicine. For GO, all the atoms on its surface are exposed to the surface with ultra-high specific surface area, and a variety of groups on the surface, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups, can effectively bind/load various biomolecules. Due to the availability of these groups, GO also possesses excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility for the modification of the desired biocompatible molecules or polymers on the surface of GO. The nano-network structure and hydrophobicity of GO enable it to load a large number of hydrophobic drugs containing benzene rings and it has been widely used as a multi-functional nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drug or gene delivery. This review article will give an in-depth overview of the synthesis methods of GO, the advantages and disadvantages of GO used in nano-drug delivery system, the research progress of GO as a stimulus-responsive nano-drug carrier, and the application of these intelligent systems in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yibo Yang
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
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3
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Esmaeili Y, Seyedhosseini Ghaheh H, Ghasemi F, Shariati L, Rafienia M, Bidram E, Zarrabi A. Graphene oxide quantum dot-chitosan nanotheranostic platform as a pH-responsive carrier for improving curcumin uptake internalization: In vitro & in silico study. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213017. [PMID: 35882115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We herein fabricated a cancer nanotheranostics platform based on Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot-Chitosan-polyethylene glycol nanoconjugate (GOQD-CS-PEG), which were targeted with MUC-1 aptamer towards breast and colon tumors. The interaction between aptamer and MUC-1 receptor on the desired cells was investigated utilizing molecular docking. The process of curcumin release was investigated, as well as the potential of the produced nanocomposite in targeted drug delivery, specific detection, and photoluminescence imaging. The fluorescence intensity of GOQD-CS-PEG was reduced due to transferred energy between (cytosine-guanin) base pairs in the hairpin structure of the aptamer, resulting in an "on/off" photoluminescence bio-sensing. Interestingly, the integration of pH-responsive chitosan nanoparticles in the nanocomposite results in a smart nanocomposite capable of delivering more curcumin to desired tumor cells. When selectively binds to the MUC-1 receptor, the two strands of aptamer separate in acidic conditions, resulting in a sustained drug release and photoluminescence recovery. The cytotoxicity results also revealed that the nanocomposite was more toxic to MUC-1-overexpressed tumor cells than to negative control cell lines, confirming its selective targeting. As a result, the proposed nanocomposite could be used as an intelligent cancer nanotheranostic platform for tracing MUC-1-overexpressed tumor cells and targeting them with great efficiency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hooria Seyedhosseini Ghaheh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, 8174673461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafienia
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Bidram
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
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4
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Ashrafizadeh M, Saebfar H, Gholami MH, Hushmandi K, Zabolian A, Bikarannejad P, Hashemi M, Daneshi S, Mirzaei S, Sharifi E, Kumar AP, Khan H, Heydari Sheikh Hossein H, Vosough M, Rabiee N, Thakur Kumar V, Makvandi P, Mishra YK, Tay FR, Wang Y, Zarrabi A, Orive G, Mostafavi E. Doxorubicin-loaded graphene oxide nanocomposites in cancer medicine: Stimuli-responsive carriers, co-delivery and suppressing resistance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:355-382. [PMID: 35152815 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer therapy has been limited due to its drug resistance and poor internalization. Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures have the capacity for DOX delivery while promoting its cytotoxicity in cancer. AREAS COVERED The favorable characteristics of GO nanocomposites, preparation method, and application in cancer therapy are described. Then, DOX resistance in cancer is discussed. The GO-mediated photothermal therapy and DOX delivery for cancer suppression are described. Preparation of stimuli-responsive GO nanocomposites, surface functionalization, hybrid nanoparticles, and theranostic applications are emphasized in DOX chemotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Graphene oxide nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy maximizes the anti-cancer activity of DOX against cancer cells. Apart from DOX delivery, GO nanomaterials are capable of loading anti-cancer agents and genetic tools to minimize drug resistance and enhance the cytolytic impact of DOX in cancer eradication. To enhance DOX accumulation in cancer cells, stimuli-responsive (redox-, light-, enzyme- and pH-sensitive) GO nanoparticles have been developed for DOX delivery. Further development of targeted delivery of DOX-loaded GO nanomaterials against cancer cells may be achieved by surface modification of polymers such as polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan. Doxorubicin-loaded GO nanoparticles have demonstrated theranostic potential for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Hybridization of GO with other nanocarriers such as silica and gold nanoparticles further broadens their potential anti-cancer therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Gholami
- DVM. Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Pooria Bikarannejad
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Vijay Thakur Kumar
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.,School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interface, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHUFundación Eduardo Anitua). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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5
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Lehner BE, Benz D, Moshkalev SA, Meyer AS, Cotta MA, Janissen R. Biocompatible Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Densely Functionalized with Biologically Active Molecules for Biosensing Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8334-8342. [PMID: 34485844 PMCID: PMC8411639 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has immense potential for widespread use in diverse in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications owing to its thermal and chemical resistance, excellent electrical properties and solubility, and high surface-to-volume ratio. However, development of GO-based biological nanocomposites and biosensors has been hampered by its poor intrinsic biocompatibility and difficult covalent biofunctionalization across its lattice. Many studies exploit the strategy of chemically modifying GO by noncovalent and reversible attachment of (bio)molecules or sole covalent biofunctionalization of residual moieties at the lattice edges, resulting in a low coating coverage and a largely bioincompatible composite. Here, we address these problems and present a facile yet powerful method for the covalent biofunctionalization of GO using colamine (CA) and the poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linker that results in a vast improvement in the biomolecular coating density and heterogeneity across the entire GO lattice. We further demonstrate that our biofunctionalized GO with CA as the cross-linker provides superior nonspecific biomolecule adhesion suppression with increased biomarker detection sensitivity in a DNA-biosensing assay compared to the (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane cross-linker. Our optimized biofunctionalization method will aid the development of GO-based in situ applications including biosensors, tissue nanocomposites, and drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
A. E. Lehner
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Delft 2629HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Benz
- Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Stanislav A. Moshkalev
- Center
of Semiconductor Components and Nanotechnologies, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-870, Brazil
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Department
of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Monica A. Cotta
- Laboratory
of Nano and Biosystems, Department of Applied Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Richard Janissen
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Delft 2629HZ, The Netherlands
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6
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Shim NY, Heo JS. Performance of the Polydopamine-Graphene Oxide Composite Substrate in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147323. [PMID: 34298943 PMCID: PMC8303500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a biocompatible material considered a favorable stem cell culture substrate. In this study, GO was modified with polydopamine (PDA) to facilitate depositing GO onto a tissue culture polystyrene (PT) surface, and the osteogenic performance of the PDA/GO composite in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) was investigated. The surface chemistry of the PDA/GO-coated PT surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A high cell viability of ESCs cultured on the PDA/GO composite-coated surface was initially ensured. Then, the osteogenic differentiation of the ESCs in response to the PDA/GO substrate was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, intracellular calcium levels, matrix mineralization assay, and evaluation of the mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic factors. The culture of ESCs on the PDA/GO substrate presented higher osteogenic potency than that on the uncoated control surface. ESCs cultured on the PDA/GO substrate expressed significantly higher levels of integrin α5 and β1, as well as bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) types I and II, compared with the control groups. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was observed in ESCs culture on the PDA/GO substrate. Moreover, BMP signal transduction by SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation was increased more in cells on PDA/GO than in the control. The nuclear translocation of SMAD1/5/8 in cells was also processed in response to the PDA/GO substrate. Blocking activation of the integrin α5/β1, MAPK, or SMAD signaling pathways downregulated the PDA/GO-induced osteogenic differentiation of ESCs. These results suggest that the PDA/GO composite stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of ESCs via the integrin α5/β1, MAPK, and BMPR/SMAD signaling pathways.
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7
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Esmaeili Y, Bidram E, Zarrabi A, Amini A, Cheng C. Graphene oxide and its derivatives as promising In-vitro bio-imaging platforms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18052. [PMID: 33093483 PMCID: PMC7582845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic fluorescence and versatile optical properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) in visible and near-infrared range introduce this nanomaterial as a promising candidate for numerous clinical applications for early-diagnose of diseases. Despite recent progresses in the impact of major features of GO on the photoluminescence properties of GO, their modifications have not yet systematically understood. Here, to study the modification effects on the fluorescence behavior, poly ethylene glycol (PEG) polymer, metal nanoparticles (Au and Fe3O4) and folic acid (FA) molecules were used to functionalize the GO surface. The fluorescence performances in different environments (water, DMEM cell media and phosphate buffer with two different pH values) were assessed through fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescent microscopy, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to evaluate the modifications of chemical structures. The modification of GO with desired molecules improved the photoluminescence property. The synthesized platforms of GO-PEG, GO-PEG-Au, GO-PEG-Fe3O4 and GO-PEG-FA illustrated emissions in three main fluorescence regions (blue, green and red), suitable for tracing and bio-imaging purposes. Considering MTT results, these platforms potentially positioned themselves as non-invasive optical sensors for the diagnosis alternatives of traditional imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Esmaeili
- Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Bidram
- Biosensor Research Center, Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology, and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abbas Amini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian College of Kuwait, 13015, Mishref, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Esmaeili Y, Zarrabi A, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ, Bidram E. Hierarchical multifunctional graphene oxide cancer nanotheranostics agent for synchronous switchable fluorescence imaging and chemical therapy. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:553. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Malhotra N, Villaflores OB, Audira G, Siregar P, Lee JS, Ger TR, Hsiao CD. Toxicity Studies on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Aquatic Organisms: Current Understanding. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163618. [PMID: 32784859 PMCID: PMC7465277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its oxide are nanomaterials considered currently to be very promising because of their great potential applications in various industries. The exceptional physiochemical properties of graphene, particularly thermal conductivity, electron mobility, high surface area, and mechanical strength, promise development of novel or enhanced technologies in industries. The diverse applications of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) include energy storage, sensors, generators, light processing, electronics, and targeted drug delivery. However, the extensive use and exposure to graphene and GO might pose a great threat to living organisms and ultimately to human health. The toxicity data of graphene and GO is still insufficient to point out its side effects to different living organisms. Their accumulation in the aquatic environment might create complex problems in aquatic food chains and aquatic habitats leading to debilitating health effects in humans. The potential toxic effects of graphene and GO are not fully understood. However, they have been reported to cause agglomeration, long-term persistence, and toxic effects penetrating cell membrane and interacting with cellular components. In this review paper, we have primarily focused on the toxic effects of graphene and GO caused on aquatic invertebrates and fish (cell line and organisms). Here, we aim to point out the current understanding and knowledge gaps of graphene and GO toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Oliver B. Villaflores
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Petrus Siregar
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Jiann-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (T.-R.G.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (T.-R.G.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (T.-R.G.); (C.-D.H.)
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10
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Effect of graphene oxide with different morphological characteristics on properties of immobilized enzyme in the covalent method. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1847-1858. [PMID: 32448987 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although graphene oxide (GO) has great potential in the field of immobilized enzyme catalysts, the detailed effects of GO with different morphological structures on immobilized enzyme are not well understood. GOs were prepared from 8000 mesh and nanoscale graphite at different reaction temperatures, and used as carriers to immobilize alpha-amylase by cross-linking method. The properties of GOs were characterized through Atomic force microscope, Fourier-transformed infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman and UV-Vis. Furthermore, the dosage of cross-linking agent, cross-linking time, optimum temperature/pH, thermal/pH/storage stability, reusability and kinetic parameters of immobilized enzymes were investigated. The results showed that the loading of alpha-amylase on GOs was 162.3-274.2 mg g-1. The reusability experiments revealed high activity maintenance of immobilized alpha-amylase even after seven reaction cycles. Moreover, the storage stability of immobilized enzyme improved via immobilization in comparison with free one and it maintained over 70% of their initial activity after 20 days storage at 4 °C.
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11
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Sivakumar PM, Islami M, Zarrabi A, Khosravi A, Peimanfard S. Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 20:1340-1351. [PMID: 31746307 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191028112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. CONCLUSION The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam M Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Matin Islami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Orta Mah., 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr/Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shohreh Peimanfard
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Sivakumar PM, Peimanfard S, Zarrabi A, Khosravi A, Islami M. Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosystems as Drug Carriers for Cancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 20:1327-1339. [PMID: 31490765 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190906160359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cyclodextrins have been of great interest as excellent candidates for fabricating versatile nano-drug delivery systems due to their commercial availability, easy functionalization, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility and safety. The possibility of reversible inclusion complex formation between cyclodextrins and various guest molecules in association with versatile exclusive properties of cyclodextrins offer a route towards the fabrication of highly sophisticated nanostructures with enormous potential for cancer treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS The current review discusses important recent advances in the fabrication and development of cyclodextrin-based nanostructures for cancer therapy. Firstly, the formation of inclusion complexes between cyclodextrin derivatives and anticancer compounds, as well as their application, are summarized. Secondly, the cyclodextrins -based nanosystems including cyclodextrin-containing polymers, cyclodextrin-based supramolecular necklaces, which consist of polyrotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes and cyclodextrin based hydrogels accompanied by their applications in cancer treatment are highlighted. In the end, the future perspective of this field is discussed. CONCLUSION Numerous investigations in this area pave the way for the flourishing of the next generation of nano-therapeutics towards enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam M Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Shohreh Peimanfard
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research & Application Center (SUNUM), Orta Mh. Üniversite Cd. No: 27/1
- 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Matin Islami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Tan E, Li BL, Ariga K, Lim CT, Garaj S, Leong DT. Toxicity of Two-Dimensional Layered Materials and Their Heterostructures. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2287-2299. [PMID: 31381854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered materials (2D LMs) are taking the scientific world by storm. Graphene epitomizes 2D LMs with many interesting properties and corresponding applications. Following the footsteps of graphene, many other types of 2D LMs such as transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and graphitic-phase C3N4 nanosheets are emerging to be equally interesting as graphene and its derivatives. Some of these applications such as nanomedicine do have a high probability of human exposure. This review focuses on the biological and toxicity effects of 2D LMs and their associated mechanisms linking their chemistries to their biological end points. This review aims to help researchers to predict and mitigate any toxic effects. With understanding, redesign of newer and safer 2D LMs becomes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Tan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
| | - Bang Lin Li
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117585 , Singapore.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , P. R. China
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI-MANA , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan.,Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8561 , Japan
| | - Chwee-Teck Lim
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575 , Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , Graphene Research Centre , Singapore 117546 , Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456 , Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411 , Singapore
| | - Slaven Garaj
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542 , Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575 , Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , Graphene Research Centre , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117585 , Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
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14
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Chai D, Hao B, Hu R, Zhang F, Yan J, Sun Y, Huang X, Zhang Q, Jiang H. Delivery of Oridonin and Methotrexate via PEGylated Graphene Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22915-22924. [PMID: 31252460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) possessing plenty of hydroxyls and carboxyls is often used in the field of biomedicine. To improve its water solubility and biocompatibility, 6-armed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was bonded on the surface of GO sheets via a facile amidation process to form the universal drug delivery platform (GO-PEG10K-6arm) with a 200 nm size in favor of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Herein, we prepared the stable and biocompatible platform of GO-PEG10K-6arm under mild conditions and characterized the chemical structure and micromorphology via thermogravimetric analysis and atomic force microscopy. This nanosized GO-PEG10K-6arm was found to be of very low toxicity to human normal cells of 293T and tumor cells of CAL27, MG63, and HepG2. Moreover, oridonin and methotrexate (MTX), widely used hydrophobic cancer chemotherapy drugs, were compounded with GO-PEG10K-6arm via π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions so as to afford nanocomplexes of oridonin@GO-PEG10K-6arm and MTX@GO-PEG10K-6arm, respectively. Both nanocomplexes could quickly enter into tumor cells, which was evidenced by inverted fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein isothiocyanate as a probe, and they both showed remarkably high cytotoxicity to the tumor cells of CAL27, MG63, and HepG2 within a broad range of concentration in comparison with free drugs. This kind of nanoscale drug delivery system based on GO-PEG10K-6arm may have potential applications in biomedicine, and GO-PEG10K-6arm would be a universal and available carrier for extensive hydrophobic anticarcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road , Shanghai 200234 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiao Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road , Shanghai 200234 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , People's Republic of China
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15
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Croitoru A, Oprea O, Nicoara A, Trusca R, Radu M, Neacsu I, Ficai D, Ficai A, Andronescu E. Multifunctional Platforms Based on Graphene Oxide and Natural Products. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E230. [PMID: 31151305 PMCID: PMC6631192 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: In the last few years, graphene oxide has attracted much attention in biomedical applications due to its unique physico-chemical properties and can be used as a carrier for both hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic biomolecules. The purpose of this paper was to synthesize graphene oxide and to obtain multifunctional platforms based on graphene oxide as a nanocarrier loaded with few biologically active substances with anticancer, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory properties such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, limonene and nutmeg and cembra pine essential oils. Materials and Methods: Graphene oxide was obtained according to the method developed by Hummers and further loaded with biologically active agents. The obtained platforms were characterized using FTIR, HPLC, TGA, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Results: Gallic acid released 80% within 10 days but all the other biologically active agents did not release because their affinity for the graphene oxide support was higher than that of the phosphate buffer solution. SEM characterization showed the formation of nanosheets and a slight increase in the degree of agglomeration of the particles. The ratio I2D/IG for all samples was between 0.18 for GO-cembra pine and 0.27 for GO-limonene, indicating that the GO materials were in the form of multilayers. The individual GO sheets were found to have less than 20 µm, the thickness of GO was estimated to be ~4 nm and an interlayer spacing of about 2.12 Å. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the bioactive substances were adsorbed on the surface and no degradation occurred during loading. Conclusions: These findings encourage this research to further explore, both in vitro and in vivo, the biological activities of bioactive agents for their use in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Croitoru
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independenței 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania.
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Oprea
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adrian Nicoara
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independenței 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania.
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Roxana Trusca
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mihai Radu
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independenței 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania.
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ionela Neacsu
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independenței 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania.
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Denisa Ficai
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anton Ficai
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independenței 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania.
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independenței 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania.
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Gh. Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
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