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Aivali S, Andrikopoulos KC, Andreopoulou AK. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Quinoline with a Functional Perylene: A Route to the Modification of Semiconducting Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 37376367 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic study of the influence of the chemical substitution pattern of semiconducting polymers carrying side chain perylene diimide (PDI) groups is presented. Semiconducting polymers based on perflurophenyl quinoline (5FQ) were modified via a readily accessible nucleophilic substitution reaction. The perfluorophenyl group was studied as an electron-withdrawing reactive functionality on semiconducting polymers that can undergo fast nucleophilic aromatic substitution. A PDI molecule, functionalized with one phenol group on the bay area, was used for the substitution of the fluorine atom at the para position in 6-vinylphenyl-(2-perfluorophenyl)-4-phenyl quinoline. The final product was polymerized under free radical polymerization providing polymers of 5FQ incorporated with PDI side groups. Alternatively, the post-polymerization modification of the fluorine atoms at the para position of the 5FQ homopolymer with the PhOH-di-EH-PDI was also successfully tested. In this case, the PDI units were partially introduced to the perflurophenyl quinoline moieties of the homopolymer. The para-fluoro aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction was confirmed and estimated via 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopies. The two different polymer architectures, namely, fully or partially modified with PDI units, were studied in terms of their optical and electrochemical properties, while their morphology was evaluated using TEM analysis, revealing polymers of tailor-made optoelectronic and morphological properties. This work provides a novel molecule-designing method for semiconducting materials of controlled properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rio-Patras, Greece
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Zeng C, Liu Y, Xue N, Jiang W, Yan S, Wang Z. Monocyclic and Dicyclic Dehydro[20]annulenes Integrated with Perylene Diimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19018-19023. [PMID: 34105225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel kind of monocyclic and dicyclic dehydro[20]annulenes exhibiting specific sizes and topologies from regioselective unilateral ortho-diethynyl PDI, is developed by Cu-catalyzed Glaser-Hay homo-coupling and cross-coupling. Through the integration of electron-deficient PDI chromophores into the dehydroannulene scaffolding, these macrocycles exhibit intense and characteristic absorption properties and the degenerated LUMO levels. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis unambiguously revealed unique porous supramolecular structures, which display micropore characteristics with surface area of 120.74 m2 g-1 . A moderate electron mobility of 0.05 cm2 V-1 s-1 for chlorine-free dehydro[20]annulene based on micrometer-sized single-crystalline transistors was witnessed. The porous and yet semiconducting features signify the prospects of PDI-integrated dehydroannulenes in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Zeng C, Liu Y, Xue N, Jiang W, Yan S, Wang Z. Monocyclic and Dicyclic Dehydro[20]annulenes Integrated with Perylene Diimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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Aivali S, Anastasopoulos C, Andreopoulou AK, Pipertzis A, Floudas G, Kallitsis JK. A "Rigid-Flexible" Approach for Processable Perylene Diimide-Based Polymers: Influence of the Specific Architecture on the Morphological, Dielectric, Optical, and Electronic Properties. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5079-5090. [PMID: 32459484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation-break flexible spacers in-between π-conjugated segments were utilized herein toward processable perylene diimide (PDI)-based polymers. Aromatic-aliphatic PDI-based polymers were developed via the two-phase polyetherification of a phenol-difunctional PDI monomer and aliphatic dibromides. These polyethers showed excellent solubility and film-forming ability and deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels (-4.0 to -3.85 eV), indicating the preservation of good electron-accepting character or characteristics, despite the non-conjugated segments. Their thermodynamic properties, local dynamics, and ionic conductivity demonstrate the suppression of PDI's inherent tendency for aggregation and crystallization, suggesting PDI-polyethers as versatile candidates for organic electronic applications. Their dynamics investigation using dielectric spectroscopy revealed weak dipole moments arising from the distortion of the planar perylene cores. Blends of the PDI-polyethers (as electron acceptors) with P3HT (as a potential electron donor component) showed UV-vis absorbances from 350 to 650 nm and a tendency of the PDI-polyethers to intertwine with rr-P3HT and restrain its high crystallization tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini K Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
| | | | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, German
| | - Joannis K Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
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Wang K, Xia P, Wang K, You X, Wu M, Huang H, Wu D, Xia J. π-Extension, Selenium Incorporation, and Trimerization: "Three in One" for Efficient Perylene Diimide Oligomer-Based Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9528-9536. [PMID: 32009378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI) and the vinylene-bridged helical PDI oligomers are versatile building blocks for constructing nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). In this contribution, a benzene-cored star-shaped NFA, namely, TPDI2-Se, was designed and synthesized for organic solar cells (OSCs). The NFA with smaller π-conjugated blades, namely, TPDI-Se, was synthesized for comparison. Using the commercially available PTB7-Th as the electron donor, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.62% was obtained for TPDI-Se-based OSCs. However, a much higher PCE of 8.59% was achieved for TPDI2-Se-based devices owing to the π-extension in the peripheral panels. Moreover, the photovoltaic performance of TPDI2-Se-based OSCs is also superior to those of the parent NFA TPDI2 (PCE of 7.84%)- and the blade moiety PDI2-Se (PCE of 6.61%)- based ones. Additionally, a remarkable short-circuit current (Jsc) value of 17.21 mA/cm2 was obtained for TPDI2-Se-based OSCs, which is among the highest Jsc values reported in PDI-based OSCs. These results argue that the so-called "three in one" molecule design strategy of π-extension, selenium incorporation, and trimerization offers a robust approach to constructing high-performance PDI-based NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Ping Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Xiaoxiao You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Huaxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices , Wuhan University of Technology , No. 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan 430070 , China
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Chen H, Wang L, Sun H, Liu Q, Tan X, Sang S, Wu B, Zhang C, Chen F, Hang XC, Chen ZK. PDI-based heteroacenes as acceptors for fullerene-free solar cells: importance of their twisted geometry. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01733g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel PDI-based small molecules with twisted geometry were designed and synthesised as acceptors for organic solar cells.
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Aivali S, Tsimpouki L, Anastasopoulos C, Kallitsis JK. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Characterization of Perylene Diimide-Quinoline Based Small Molecules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234406. [PMID: 31810324 PMCID: PMC6930630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI) is one of the most studied functional dyes due to their structural versatility and fine tuning of the materials properties. Core substituted PDIs are prominent n-type semiconductor materials that could be used as non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics. Herein, we develop versatile organic building blocks based on PDI by decorating the PDI core with quinoline groups. Styryl and hydroxy phenyl mono and difunctionalized molecules were prepared using mono-nitro and dibromo bay substituted PDIs by Suzuki coupling with the respective boronic acid derivatives. A novel methodology using nitro-PDI under Suzuki coupling conditions as an electrophile partner was successfully tested. Furthermore, the PDI derivatives were used for the synthesis of soluble, electron accepting small molecules combining PDI with weak electron withdrawing quinoline derivatives. The new molecules presented wide absorbance in the visible spectrum from 450 to almost 700 nm while their LUMO levels and their energy levels are in the range of −3.8 to −4.2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio-Patras GR26504, Greece; (S.A.); (L.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Loukia Tsimpouki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio-Patras GR26504, Greece; (S.A.); (L.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Charalampos Anastasopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio-Patras GR26504, Greece; (S.A.); (L.T.); (C.A.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio-Patras GR26504, Greece; (S.A.); (L.T.); (C.A.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
- Correspondence:
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