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Cheng Q, Lu X, Tai Y, Luo T, Yang R. Light-Driven Microrobots for Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39147594 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
As a new micromanipulation tool with the advantages of small size, flexible movement and easy manipulation, light-driven microrobots have a wide range of prospects in biomedical fields such as drug targeting and cell manipulation. Recently, microrobots have been controlled in various ways, and light field has become a research hotspot by its advantages of noncontact manipulation, precise localization, fast response, and biocompatibility. It utilizes the force or deformation generated by the light field to precisely control the microrobot, and combines with the drug release technology to realize the targeted drug application. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of light-driven microrobots with drug targeting to provide new ideas for the manipulation of microrobots. Here, this paper briefly categorizes the driving mechanisms and materials of light-driven microrobots, which mainly include photothermal, photochemical, and biological. Then, typical designs of light-driven microrobots with different driving mechanisms and control strategies for multiple physical fields are summarized. Finally, the applications of microrobots in the fields of drug targeting and bioimaging are presented as well as the future prospects of light-driven microrobots in the biomedical field are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xingqi Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yunhao Tai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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2
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Lin J, Cong Q, Zhang D. Magnetic Microrobots for In Vivo Cargo Delivery: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:664. [PMID: 38793237 PMCID: PMC11123378 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic microrobots, with their small size and agile maneuverability, are well-suited for navigating the intricate and confined spaces within the human body. In vivo cargo delivery within the context of microrobotics involves the use of microrobots to transport and administer drugs and cells directly to the targeted regions within a living organism. The principal aim is to enhance the precision, efficiency, and safety of therapeutic interventions. Despite their potential, there is a shortage of comprehensive reviews on the use of magnetic microrobots for in vivo cargo delivery from both research and engineering perspectives, particularly those published after 2019. This review addresses this gap by disentangling recent advancements in magnetic microrobots for in vivo cargo delivery. It summarizes their actuation platforms, structural designs, cargo loading and release methods, tracking methods, navigation algorithms, and degradation and retrieval methods. Finally, it highlights potential research directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current landscape of magnetic microrobot technologies for in vivo cargo delivery. It highlights their present implementation methods, capabilities, and prospective research directions. The review also examines significant innovations and inherent challenges in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.L.); (Q.C.)
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3
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Benhal P. Micro/Nanorobotics in In Vitro Fertilization: A Paradigm Shift in Assisted Reproductive Technologies. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:510. [PMID: 38675321 PMCID: PMC11052506 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) has transformed the sector of assisted reproductive technology (ART) by presenting hope to couples facing infertility challenges. However, conventional IVF strategies include their own set of problems such as success rates, invasive procedures, and ethical issues. The integration of micro/nanorobotics into IVF provides a prospect to address these challenging issues. This article provides an outline of the use of micro/nanorobotics in IVF specializing in advancing sperm manipulation, egg retrieval, embryo culture, and capacity future improvements in this swiftly evolving discipline. The article additionally explores the challenges and obstacles associated with the integration of micro/nanorobotics into IVF, in addition to the ethical concerns and regulatory elements related to the usage of advanced technologies in ART. A comprehensive discussion of the risk and safety considerations related to using micro/nanorobotics in IVF techniques is likewise presented. Through this exploration, we delve into the core principles, benefits, challenges, and potential impact of micro/nanorobotics in revolutionizing IVF procedures and enhancing affected person outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Benhal
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; ; Tel.: +1-240-972-1482
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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4
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Zhang X, Liu J, Deng Z. Bismuth-based liquid metals: advances, applications, and prospects. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1369-1394. [PMID: 38224183 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01722b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bismuth-based liquid metals (LMs) are a large group of alloys with melting points slightly above room temperature. They are associated with fewer encapsulation constraints than room temperature LMs such as mercury, sodium-potassium alloys, and gallium-based alloys and are more likely to remain stable in the natural environment. In addition, their low melting point properties enable them to soften and melt via easy control. Bismuth-based alloys can also be modified with metal-based, carbon-based, and ceramic-based micro/nano particles as well as polymeric materials to create a series of novel composites owing to their outstanding functions. Based on these considerations, this review provides a comprehensive overview of bismuth-based LMs. The categories of bismuth and bismuth-based LMs are first briefly introduced to better systematize the physical and chemical properties of bismuth-based LMs. Based on these properties, bismuth-based LMs have been prepared using various methods, and this review briefly categorizes these preparation methods based on their finished forms (lumps, powders, and films). In addition, this review details the research progress of bismuth-based LMs in the fields of printed electronics, 3D printing, thermal management, biomedicine, chemical engineering, and deformable robotics. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of bismuth-based LMs in the development process are discussed and visualized from different perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongshan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Zhou Z, Lian Y, Zhu L, Zhang H, Li Z, Wang M. Platinum Nanoparticles Prevent the Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem: Mechanism Insights. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24685-24695. [PMID: 38048441 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have recently gained extensive attention due to their broad-spectrum prospect, particularly in biomedical application. Here, we reveal that long-term exposure to platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) increases the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. We exposed PAO1 to Pt NPs (a series of doses, varying from 0.125 to 35 μg/mL) for 60 days and characterized the evolved strains (ES) and compared with wild type (WT) to understand the mechanism of heightened sensitivity. We found that overexpression of oprD and downregulation of mexEF-oprN facilitate the intracellular accumulation of antibiotic, thus increasing susceptibility. Furthermore, loss-of-function mutations were discovered in regulators lasR and mexT. Cloning intact lasR from wild-type (WT) into ES slightly improves imipenem resistance. Strikingly, cloning mexT from WT into ES reverts the imipenem and ciprofloxacin resistance to the original level. Briefly, the increase of membrane permeability controlled by mexT made PAO1 greatly susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin, and the decrease of quorum sensing mediated by lasR made PAO1 slightly susceptible to imipenem. Overall, these results reveal an antibiotic susceptibility mechanism from prolonged exposure to MNPs, which provides a promising approach to prevent antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiruo Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yulu Lian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhangqiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, China
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6
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Kariminia S, Shamsipur M, Mansouri K. A novel magnetically guided, oxygen propelled CoPt/Au nanosheet motor in conjugation with a multilayer hollow microcapsule for effective drug delivery and light triggered drug release. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:176-186. [PMID: 38055010 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomotors have been developed and attracted extensive attention in biomedical applications. In this work, a magnetically-guided oxygen-propelled CoPt/gold nanosheet motor (NSM) was prepared and used as an active self-propelled platform that can load, transfer and control the release of drug carrier to cancer cells. As a drug carrier, the microcapsules were constructed by the layer-by-layer (LbL) coating of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose layers, followed by incorporation of gold and magnetite nanoparticles. Doxorubicin (DOX) as an anti-cancer drug was loaded onto the synthesized microcapsules with a loading efficiency of 77%. The prepared NSMs can deliver the DOX loaded magnetic multilayer microcapsule to the target cancer cell based on the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 solution (1% v/v) via guidance from an external magnetic force. The velocity of NSM was determined to be 25.1 μm s-1 in 1% H2O2. Under near-infrared irradiation, and due to the photothermal effect of the gold nanoparticles, the proposed system was found to rapidly release more drugs compared to that of an internal stimulus diffusion process. Moreover, the investigation of cytotoxicity of NSMs and multilayer microcapsules clearly revealed that they have negligible side effects over all the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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7
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Kong X, Gao P, Wang J, Fang Y, Hwang KC. Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:74. [PMID: 37452423 PMCID: PMC10347767 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage detection of a cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It is imperative to develop novel and more sensitive and effective diagnosis and therapeutic methods for cancer treatments. The development of new cancer treatments has become a crucial aspect of medical advancements. Nanobots, as one of the most promising applications of nanomedicines, are at the forefront of multidisciplinary research. With the progress of nanotechnology, nanobots enable the assembly and deployment of functional molecular/nanosized machines and are increasingly being utilized in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. In recent years, various practical applications of nanobots for cancer treatments have transitioned from theory to practice, from in vitro experiments to in vivo applications. In this paper, we review and analyze the recent advancements of nanobots in cancer treatments, with a particular emphasis on their key fundamental features and their applications in drug delivery, tumor sensing and diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive surgery, and other comprehensive treatments. At the same time, we discuss the challenges and the potential research opportunities for nanobots in revolutionizing cancer treatments. In the future, medical nanobots are expected to become more sophisticated and capable of performing multiple medical functions and tasks, ultimately becoming true nanosubmarines in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC.
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8
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Kumar K, Maity T, Panchakarla LS, Jain S. Two-Dimensional Ultrathin CeVO 4 Nanozyme: Fabricated through Non-Oxidic Material. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6931-6939. [PMID: 36844543 PMCID: PMC9948189 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the synthesis of materials in lower dimensions, like two-dimensional (2D) or ultrathin crystals, with distinctive characteristics has attracted substantial scientific attention. The mixed transition metal oxides (MTMOs) nanomaterials are the promising group of materials, which have been extensively utilized for various potential applications. Most of the MTMOs were explored as three-dimensional (3D) nanospheres, nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) nanorods, and nanotubes. However, these materials are not well explored in 2D morphology because of the difficulties in removing tightly woven thin oxide layers or exfoliations of 2D oxide layers, which hinder the exfoliation of beneficial features of MTMO. Here, through the exfoliation via Li+ ion intercalation and subsequent oxidation of CeVS3 under hydrothermal condition, we have demonstrated a novel synthetic route for the fabrication of 2D ultrathin CeVO4 NS. The as-synthesized CeVO4 NS exhibit adequate stability and activity in a harsh reaction environment, which gives excellent peroxidase-mimicking activity with a K M value of 0.04 mM, noticeably better than natural peroxidase and previously reported CeVO4 nanoparticles. We have also used this enzyme mimic activity for the efficient detection of biomolecules like glutathione with a LOD of 53 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Tanmoy Maity
- Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Leela S. Panchakarla
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Siddarth Jain
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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9
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Jancik-Prochazkova A, Michalkova H, Heger Z, Pumera M. Hydrogen Bonding Nanoarchitectonics of Organic Pigment-Based Janus Microrobots with Entering Capability into Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2023; 17:146-156. [PMID: 36538781 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous microrobots are at the forefront of biomedical research as they are expected to be applied for specific tasks at the intracellular level such as cargo delivery, sensing, molecular manipulation, among others. Here, we report on a preparation of microrobots based on quinacridone and indigo, which are members of the organic hydrogen-bonded pigment family. The microrobots were fabricated by asymmetric platinum deposition on corresponding quinacridone and indigo microparticles that possessed a homogeneous size and shape distribution. The microrobots exhibited autonomous locomotion in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which was further supported by UV irradiation. The organic pigment-based microrobots were studied in the presence of mouse colorectal carcinoma cells, and it was observed that they were internalized into the cells. Internalization was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. This study reveals the possibility of fabricating hydrogen-bonded organic pigment-based microrobots for biomedical applications by employing the principles of nanoarchitectonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jancik-Prochazkova
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava 708 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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10
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Zhang D, Gorochowski TE, Marucci L, Lee HT, Gil B, Li B, Hauert S, Yeatman E. Advanced medical micro-robotics for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Front Robot AI 2023; 9:1086043. [PMID: 36704240 PMCID: PMC9871318 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.1086043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances in micro-robotics have demonstrated their immense potential for biomedical applications. Emerging micro-robots have versatile sensing systems, flexible locomotion and dexterous manipulation capabilities that can significantly contribute to the healthcare system. Despite the appreciated and tangible benefits of medical micro-robotics, many challenges still remain. Here, we review the major challenges, current trends and significant achievements for developing versatile and intelligent micro-robotics with a focus on applications in early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. We also consider some recent emerging micro-robotic technologies that employ synthetic biology to support a new generation of living micro-robots. We expect to inspire future development of micro-robots toward clinical translation by identifying the roadblocks that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Dandan Zhang ,
| | - Thomas E. Gorochowski
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,BrisEngBio, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,BrisEngBio, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun-Taek Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Bruno Gil
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Li
- The Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Care Research & Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Hauert
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom,BrisEngBio, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Yeatman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Xin Y, Wang Z, Yao C, Shen H, Miao Y. Bismuth, a Previously Less‐studied Element, Is Bursting into New Hotspots. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Xin
- Institute of Bismuth Science School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Jungong Rd 334# Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Bismuth Science School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Jungong Rd 334# Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Congfei Yao
- Institute of Bismuth Science School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Jungong Rd 334# Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Haocheng Shen
- Institute of Bismuth Science School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Jungong Rd 334# Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth Science School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Jungong Rd 334# Shanghai 200093 China
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12
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Kichatov B, Korshunov A, Sudakov V, Petrov O, Gubernov V, Korshunova E, Kolobov A, Kiverin A. Magnetic Nanomotors in Emulsions for Locomotion of Microdroplets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10976-10986. [PMID: 35179020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The locomotion of droplets in emulsions is of practical significance for fields related to medicine and chemical engineering, which can be done with a magnetic field to move droplets containing magnetic materials. Here, we demonstrate a new method of droplet locomotion in the oil-in-water emulsion with the help of a nonuniform magnetic field in the case where magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are dispersed in the continuous phase of the emulsion. The paper analyses the motion of the droplets in a liquid film and in a capillary for various diameters of droplets, their number density, and viscosity of the continuous phase of the emulsion. It is established that the mechanism of droplet locomotion in the emulsion largely depends on the wettability of MNPs. Hydrophobic nanoparticles are adsorbed on the droplet surfaces, forming the agglomerates of MNPs with the droplets. Such agglomerates move at much higher velocities than passive droplets. Hydrophilic nanoparticles are not adsorbed at the surfaces of the droplets but form mobile magnetic clusters dispersed in the continuous phase of the emulsion. Mobile magnetic clusters set the surrounding liquid and droplets in motion. The results obtained in this paper can be used in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kichatov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Korshunov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sudakov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Petrov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gubernov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Korshunova
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Kolobov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Kiverin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State Technical University by N.E. Bauman, 105005 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Gong D, Celi N, Zhang D, Cai J. Magnetic Biohybrid Microrobot Multimers Based on Chlorella Cells for Enhanced Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6320-6330. [PMID: 35020358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic micro-/nanorobots have been regarded as a promising platform for targeted drug delivery, and tremendous strategies have been developed in recent years. However, realizing precise and efficient drug delivery in vivo still remains challenging, in which the versatile integration of good biocompatibility and reconfiguration is the main obstacle for micro-/nanorobots. Herein, we proposed a novel strategy of magnetic biohybrid microrobot multimers (BMMs) based on Chlorella (Ch.) and demonstrated their great potential for targeted drug delivery. The spherical Ch. cells around 3-5 μm were magnetized with Fe3O4 to fabricate biohybrid microrobots and then loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). Using magnetic dipolar interactions, the microrobot units could reconfigure into chain-like BMMs as tiny dimers, trimers, and so forth via attraction-induced self-assembly and disassemble reversibly via repulsion. The BMMs exhibited diverse swimming modes including rolling and tumbling with high maneuverability, and the rolling dimer's velocity could reach 107.6 μm/s (∼18 body length/s) under a 70 Gs precessing magnetic field. Furthermore, the BMMs exhibited low cell toxicity, high DOX loading capacity, and pH-triggered drug release, which were verified by chemotherapy experiments toward HeLa cancer cells. Due to the remarkable versatility and facile fabrication, the BMMs demonstrate great potential for targeted anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Shen Yuan Honors College, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nuoer Celi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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14
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Kichatov B, Korshunov A, Sudakov V, Gubernov V, Golubkov A, Kiverin A. Superfast Active Droplets as Micromotors for Locomotion of Passive Droplets and Intensification of Mixing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38877-38885. [PMID: 34351762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors are fascinating objects that are able to move autonomously and perform various complex tasks related to drug delivery, chemical processes, and environmental remediation. Among the types of micromotors, droplet-based micromotors are characterized by a wide range of functional properties related to the capability of encapsulation and deformation and the possibility of using them as microreactors. Relevant problems of micromotor utilization in the chemical processes include intensification of mixing and locomotion of passive objects. In this paper, the technique for preparation of superfast active droplets, which can be used as micromotors for effective locomotion of passive droplets in the oil-in-water emulsion, is demonstrated. The possibility of passive droplet locomotion in the emulsion is determined by a relation between the diameters of active and passive droplets. If the diameter of active droplets is larger than the diameter of passive droplets, the agglomerates form spontaneously in the emulsion and move in a straight line. In the case of the opposite relation between diameters, the agglomerates consisting of active and passive droplets rotate intensively. This makes it impossible to move the passive droplets to a given distance. Such micromotors can achieve unprecedentedly high velocities of motion and can be used to intensify mixing on the microscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kichatov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Korshunov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sudakov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gubernov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Golubkov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Kiverin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Beladi-Mousavi SM, Hermanová S, Ying Y, Plutnar J, Pumera M. A Maze in Plastic Wastes: Autonomous Motile Photocatalytic Microrobots against Microplastics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25102-25110. [PMID: 34009926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An extremely high quantity of small pieces of synthetic polymers, namely, microplastics, has been recently identified in some of the most intact natural environments, e.g., on top of the Alps and Antarctic ice. This is a "scary wake-up call", considering the potential risks of microplastics for humans and marine systems. Sunlight-driven photocatalysis is the most energy-efficient currently known strategy for plastic degradation; however, attaining efficient photocatalyst-plastic interaction and thus an effective charge transfer in the micro/nanoscale is very difficult; that adds up to the common challenges of heterogeneous photocatalysis including low solubility, precipitation, and aggregation of the photocatalysts. Here, an active photocatalytic degradation procedure based on intelligent visible-light-driven microrobots with the capability of capturing and degrading microplastics "on-the-fly" in a complex multichannel maze is introduced. The robots with hybrid powers carry built-in photocatalytic (BiVO4) and magnetic (Fe3O4) materials allowing a self-propelled motion under sunlight with the possibility of precise actuation under a magnetic field inside the macrochannels. The photocatalytic robots are able to efficiently degrade different synthetic microplastics, particularly polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, thanks to the generated local self-stirring effect in the nanoscale and enhanced interaction with microplastics without using any exterior mechanical stirrers, typically used in conventional systems. Overall, this proof-of-concept study using microrobots with hybrid wireless powers has shown for the first time the possibility of efficient degradation of ultrasmall plastic particles in confined complex spaces, which can impact research on microplastic treatments, with the final goal of diminishing microplastics as an emergent threat for humans and marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohsen Beladi-Mousavi
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Hermanová
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yulong Ying
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plutnar
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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16
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Chen W, Wen Y, Fan X, Sun M, Tian C, Yang M, Xie H. Magnetically actuated intelligent hydrogel-based child-parent microrobots for targeted drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1030-1039. [PMID: 33398321 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Small intestine-targeted drug delivery by oral administration has aroused the growing interest of researchers. In this work, the child-parent microrobot (CPM) as a vehicle protects the child microrobots (CMs) under a gastric acid environment and releases them in the small intestinal environment. The intelligent hydrogel-based CPMs with sphere, mushroom, red blood cell, and teardrop shapes are fabricated by an extrusion-dripping method. The CPMs package uniform CMs, which are fabricated by designed microfluidic (MF) devices. The fabrication mechanism and tunability of CMs and CPMs with different sizes and shapes are analyzed, modeled, and simulated. The shape of CPM can affect its drug release efficiency and kinetic characteristics. A vision-feedback magnetic driving system (VMDS) actuates and navigates CPM along the predefined path to the destination and continuously releases drug in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, a low Reynolds number (Re) regime) using a new motion control method with the tracking-learning-detection (TLD) algorithm. The newly designed CPM combines the advantages of powerful propulsion, good biocompatibility, and remarkable drug loading and release capacity at the intestinal level, which is expected to be competent for oral administration of small intestine-targeted therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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17
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Bunea AI, Taboryski R. Recent Advances in Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1048. [PMID: 33261101 PMCID: PMC7760273 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microswimmers are a rapidly developing research area attracting enormous attention because of their many potential applications with high societal value. A particularly promising target for cleverly engineered microswimmers is the field of biomedical applications, where many interesting examples have already been reported for e.g., cargo transport and drug delivery, artificial insemination, sensing, indirect manipulation of cells and other microscopic objects, imaging, and microsurgery. Pioneered only two decades ago, research studies on the use of microswimmers in biomedical applications are currently progressing at an incredibly fast pace. Given the recent nature of the research, there are currently no clinically approved microswimmer uses, and it is likely that several years will yet pass before any clinical uses can become a reality. Nevertheless, current research is laying the foundation for clinical translation, as more and more studies explore various strategies for developing biocompatible and biodegradable microswimmers fueled by in vivo-friendly means. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the reported biomedical applications of microswimmers, with focus on the most recent advances. Finally, the main considerations and challenges for clinical translation and commercialization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada-Ioana Bunea
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization (DTU Nanolab), Technical University of Denmark, Ørsted Plads 347, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;
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Dekanovsky L, Khezri B, Rottnerova Z, Novotny F, Plutnar J, Pumera M. Chemically programmable microrobots weaving a web from hormones. NAT MACH INTELL 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-020-00248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Soto F, Wang J, Ahmed R, Demirci U. Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002203. [PMID: 33173743 PMCID: PMC7610261 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization of these robotic platforms has led to numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, the current trends of medical micro and nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, and medical imaging are discussed. The use of micro and nanorobots in precision medicine still faces technical, regulatory, and market challenges for their widespread use in clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof of concept to in vivo studies demonstrate their potential toward precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of Medicine Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of Medicine Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
| | - Rajib Ahmed
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of Medicine Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of Medicine Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
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20
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Jadczyk T, Caluori G, Wojakowski W, Starek Z. Nanotechnology and stem cells in vascular biology. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 1:H103-H109. [PMID: 32923961 PMCID: PMC7439937 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology and stem cells are one of the most promising strategies for clinical medicine applications. The article provides an up-to-date view on advances in the field of regenerative and targeted vascular therapies describing a molecular design (propulsion mechanism, composition, target identification) and applications of nanorobots. Stem cell paragraph presents current clinical application of various cell types involved in vascular biology including mesenchymal stem cells, very small embryonic-like stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mononuclear stem cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. A possible bridging between the two fields is also envisioned, where bio-inspired, safe, long-lasting nanorobots can fully target the cellular specific cues and even drive vascular process in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jadczyk
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology Group, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guido Caluori
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Nanobiotechnology, CEITEC-MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zdenek Starek
- Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology Group, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,First Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Ying Y, Pourrahimi AM, Manzanares-Palenzuela CL, Novotny F, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Light-Driven ZnO Brush-Shaped Self-Propelled Micromachines for Nitroaromatic Explosives Decomposition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902944. [PMID: 31464380 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled micromachines have recently attracted lots of attention for environmental remediation. Developing a large-scale but template-free fabrication of self-propelled rod/tubular micro/nanomotors is very crucial but still challenging. Here, a new strategy based on vertically aligned ZnO arrays is employed for the large-scale and template-free fabrication of self-propelled ZnO-based micromotors with H2 O2 -free light-driven propulsion ability. Brush-shaped ZnO-based micromotors with different diameters and lengths are fully studied, which present a fast response to multicycles UV light on/off switches with different interval times (2/5 s) in pure water and slow directional motion in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in the absence of UV light. Light-induced electrophoretic and self-diffusiophoretic effects are responsible for these two different self-motion behaviors under different conditions, respectively. In addition, the pH of the media and the presence of H2 O2 show important effects on the motion behavior and microstructure of the ZnO-based micromotors. Finally, these novel ZnO-based brush-shaped micromotors are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept study on nitroaromatic explosive degradation, i.e., picric acid. This work opens a completely new avenue for the template-free fabrication of brush-shaped light-responsive micromotors on a large scale based on vertically aligned ZnO arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ying
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amir Masoud Pourrahimi
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen Lorena Manzanares-Palenzuela
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Novotny
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
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22
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Beladi-Mousavi SM, Ying Y, Plutnar J, Pumera M. Bismuthene Metallurgy: Transformation of Bismuth Particles to Ultrahigh-Aspect-Ratio 2D Microsheets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002037. [PMID: 32519439 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin bismuth exhibits promising performance for topological insulators due to its narrow band gap and intrinsic strong spin-orbit coupling, as well as for energy-related applications because of its electronic and mechanical properties. However, large-scale production of 2D sheets via liquid-phase exfoliation as an established large-scale method is restricted by the strong interaction between bismuth layers. Here, a sonication method is utilized to produce ultrahigh-aspect-ratio bismuthene microsheets. The studies on the mechanism excludes the exfoliation of the layered bulk bismuth and formation of the microsheets is attributed to the melting of spherical particles (r = 1.5 µm) at a high temperature-generated under the ultrasonic tip-followed by a recrystallization step producing uniformly-shaped ultrathin microsheets (A = 0.5-2 µm2 , t: ≈2 nm). Notably, although the preparation is performed in oxygenated aqueous solution, the sheets are not oxidized, and they are stable under ambient conditions for at least 1 month. The microsheets are used to construct a vapor sensor using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as detection technique. The device is highly selective, and it shows long-term stability. Overall, this project exhibits a reproducible method for large-scale preparation of ultrathin bismuthene microsheets in a benign environment, demonstrating opportunities to realize devices based on bismuthene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohsen Beladi-Mousavi
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yulong Ying
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plutnar
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
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Beladi-Mousavi SM, Klein J, Khezri B, Walder L, Pumera M. Active Anion Delivery by Self-Propelled Microswimmers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3434-3441. [PMID: 32043877 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled micro- and nanomachines are at the forefront of materials research, branching into applications in biomedical science and environmental remediation. Cationic frameworks enabling the collection and delivery of anionic species (A-) are highly required, due to the large variety of life-threatening pollutants, such as radioactive technetium and carcinogenic chromium, and medicines, such as dexamethasone derivatives with negative charges. However, such autonomous moving carriers for active transport of the anions have been barely discussed. A polymeric viologen (PV++)-consisting of electroactive bicationic subunits-is utilized in a tubular autonomous microswimmer to selectively deliver A- of different sizes and charge densities. The cargo loading is based on a facile anion exchange mechanism. The packed crystal structure of PV++ allows removal of an exceptionally high quantity of anions per one microswimmer (2.55 × 10-13 mol anions per microswimmer), a critical factor often neglected regarding the real-world application of microswimmers. Notably, there was virtually no leakage of anions during the delivery process or upon keeping the loaded microswimmers under ambient conditions for at least 4 months. Multiple release mechanisms, compatible with different environments, including electrochemical, photochemical, and a metathesis reaction, with high efficiencies up to 98% are introduced. Such functional autonomous micromachines provide great promise for the next generation of functional materials for biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohsen Beladi-Mousavi
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, Osnabrück D-49069, Germany
| | - Jonas Klein
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, Osnabrück D-49069, Germany
| | - Bahareh Khezri
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenz Walder
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Center of Physics and Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, Osnabrück D-49069, Germany
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyn̆ova 656/123, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
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Tertis M, Cernat A, Mirel S, Cristea C. Nanodevices for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1728292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Tertis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cernat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Mirel
- Department of Medical Devices, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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25
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Villa K, Vyskočil J, Ying Y, Zelenka J, Pumera M. Microrobots in Brewery: Dual Magnetic/Light‐Powered Hybrid Microrobots for Preventing Microbial Contamination in Beer. Chemistry 2020; 26:3039-3043. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Villa
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vyskočil
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Yulong Ying
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical University No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung Taiwan
- Future Energy and Innovation LaboratoryCentral European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of Technology Purkyňova 656/123 Brno CZ-616 00 Czech Republic
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Doshi B, Hietala S, Sirviö JA, Repo E, Sillanpää M. A powdered orange peel combined carboxymethyl chitosan and its acylated derivative for the emulsification of marine diesel and 2T-oil with different qualities of water. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Sonntag L, Simmchen J, Magdanz V. Nano-and Micromotors Designed for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:E3410. [PMID: 31546857 PMCID: PMC6767050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on nano- and micromotors has evolved into a frequently cited research area with innovative technology envisioned for one of current humanities' most deadly problems: cancer. The development of cancer targeting drug delivery strategies involving nano-and micromotors has been a vibrant field of study over the past few years. This review aims at categorizing recent significant results, classifying them according to the employed propulsion mechanisms starting from chemically driven micromotors, to field driven and biohybrid approaches. In concluding remarks of section 2, we give an insight into shape changing micromotors that are envisioned to have a significant contribution. Finally, we critically discuss which important aspects still have to be addressed and which challenges still lie ahead of us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sonntag
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Beladi‐Mousavi SM, Khezri B, Matějková S, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Supercapacitors in Motion: Autonomous Microswimmers for Natural‐Resource Recovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13340-13344. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohsen Beladi‐Mousavi
- Center for the Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Bahareh Khezri
- Center for the Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Matějková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS Flemingovo nám. 542/2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Center for the Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation LaboratoryCentral European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of Technology Purkyňova 656/123 616 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Beladi‐Mousavi SM, Khezri B, Matějková S, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Supercapacitors in Motion: Autonomous Microswimmers for Natural‐Resource Recovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohsen Beladi‐Mousavi
- Center for the Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Bahareh Khezri
- Center for the Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Matějková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS Flemingovo nám. 542/2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Center for the Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation LaboratoryCentral European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of Technology Purkyňova 656/123 616 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Khezri B, Beladi Mousavi SM, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Recyclable nanographene-based micromachines for the on-the-fly capture of nitroaromatic explosives. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8825-8834. [PMID: 31012898 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been more than a decade since nano/micromachines (NMMs) have received the particular attention of scientists in different research fields. They are able to convert chemical energy into mechanical motion in their surrounding environment. Herein, a powerful, efficient and fast strategy of using nanosized reduced graphene oxide flake (n-rGO)-based self-propelled tubular micromachines for the removal of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) is described. This method relies on the integration of the rGO as a well-known adsorbent of aromatic compounds with chemically powered engines for the removal of explosive compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT). Nanographene oxide reduced electrochemically inside the pores of the polycarbonate membrane to form an outer layer (n-rGO, adsorbent layer) of the micromachines. Subsequent electrodeposition of nickel (Ni, magnetic layer) and platinum (Pt, catalytic layer) resulted in the formation of n-rGO/Ni/Pt micromachines. Notably, the bubble-propelled micromachines were able to remove nitroaromatic compounds with high efficiency (∼90-92%) compared to the efficiency of magnetic-guided (22-42%) and static (2.5-7%) micromachines. Most importantly, the micromachines were regenerated and reused several times. The regeneration is based on an electrochemical method in which electron injection into the machine causes the expulsion of contaminants from the outer layer of the micromachines within a few seconds. The integration of the powerful self-propulsion, high adsorbent capacity of rGO and the introduced ultrafast regeneration procedure are beneficial for the realization of an active platform for water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Khezri
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.
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