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Kong WJ, Zhao CZ, Sun S, Shen L, Huang XY, Xu P, Lu Y, Huang WZ, Huang JQ, Zhang Q. From Liquid to Solid-State Batteries: Li-Rich Mn-Based Layered Oxides as Emerging Cathodes with High Energy Density. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310738. [PMID: 38054396 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Li-rich Mn-based (LRMO) cathode materials have attracted widespread attention due to their high specific capacity, energy density, and cost-effectiveness. However, challenges such as poor cycling stability, voltage deca,y and oxygen escape limit their commercial application in liquid Li-ion batteries. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of safe and resilient all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), driven by their remarkable safety features and superior energy density. ASSBs based on LRMO cathodes offer distinct advantages over conventional liquid Li-ion batteries, including long-term cycle stability, thermal and wider electrochemical windows stability, as well as the prevention of transition metal dissolution. This review aims to recapitulate the challenges and fundamental understanding associated with the application of LRMO cathodes in ASSBs. Additionally, it proposes the mechanisms of interfacial mechanical and chemical instability, introduces noteworthy strategies to enhance oxygen redox reversibility, enhances high-voltage interfacial stability, and optimizes Li+ transfer kinetics. Furthermore, it suggests potential research approaches to facilitate the large-scale implementation of LRMO cathodes in ASSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen-Zi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Yan Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Ze Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Feng J, Chen Z, Zhou W, Hao Z. Origin and characterization of the oxygen loss phenomenon in the layered oxide cathodes of Li-ion batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4686-4709. [PMID: 37593917 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00780d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries have been widely applied in the field of energy storage due to their high energy density and environment friendliness. Owing to their high capacity of ∼200 mA h g-1 and high cutoff voltage of ∼4.6 V vs. Li+/Li, layered lithium transition metal oxides (LLMOs) stand out among the numerous cathode materials. However, the oxygen loss of LLMO cathodes during cycling hampers the further development LLMO cathode-based Li-ion batteries by inducing a dramatic decay of electrochemical performance and safety issues. In this regard, the oxygen loss phenomenon of LLMO cathodes has attracted attention, and extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the origins of oxygen loss in LLMO cathodes by various characterization methods. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the main causes of oxygen loss is presented, including the state of charge, side reactions with electrolytes, and the thermal instability of LLMO cathodes. The characterization methods used in the scope are introduced and summarized based on their functional principles. It is hoped that the review can inspire a deeper consideration of the utilization of characterization techniques in detecting the oxygen loss of LLMO cathodes, paving a new pathway for developing advanced LLMO cathodes with better cycling stability and practical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrun Feng
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
| | - Weihua Zhou
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
| | - Zhangxiang Hao
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
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3
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Chen H, Sun C. Recent advances in lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37376977 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of society challenges the limit of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of energy density and safety. Lithium-rich manganese oxide (LRMO) is regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials owing to its advantages of high voltage and specific capacity (more than 250 mA h g-1) as well as low cost. However, the problems of fast voltage/capacity fading, poor rate performance and the low initial Coulombic efficiency severely hinder its practical application. In this paper, we review the latest research advances of LRMO cathode materials, including crystal structure, electrochemical reaction mechanism, existing problems and modification strategies. In this review, we pay more attention to recent progress in modification methods, including surface modification, doping, morphology and structure design, binder and electrolyte additives, and integration strategies. It not only includes widely studied strategies such as composition and process optimization, coating, defect engineering, and surface treatment, but also introduces many relatively novel modification methods, such as novel coatings, grain boundary coating, gradient design, single crystal, ion exchange method, solid-state batteries and entropy stabilization strategy. Finally, we summarize the existing problems in the development of LRMO and put forward some perspectives on the further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Chunwen Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
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Liu Y, Jiang W, Ling M, Fan X, Wang L, Liang C. Revealing Lithium Configuration in Aged Layered Oxides for Effective Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9465-9474. [PMID: 36753671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Layered oxides LiNixCoyMnzO2 are widely used as the main cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Over long-term cycling, irreversible phase transformations in layered oxides usually occur along with the loss of active lithium, which directly reflects in the sharp decrease of capacity. However, it is difficult to accurately and rapidly determine lithium content in aged materials, raising extreme impediments in the direct recycling of layered oxides. Herein, we propose a facile method for quick and accurate calculation of the residual lithium content through the developed relationship of shear strain and the states of charge. Based on this recognization, a discharge capacity close to the original capacity of the pristine material is achieved in the regenerated material by combining a hydrothermal method with annealing treatment. The recycled material demonstrates a dramatic improvement in electrochemical properties, especially the high rate performance. This method not only effectively realizes the quantitative regeneration of cathode materials but also provides a possible strategy for the future development of direct regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhu 324000, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhu 324000, China
| | - Min Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhu 324000, China
| | - Xinming Fan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liguang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chengdu Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhu 324000, China
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Xie Z, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li G, Ma F, Yan W, Chen Y, Li F, Zhou M. Insight into the effect of Nb5+ on the crystal structure and electrochemical performance of the Li-rich cathode materials. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Restriction of voltage decay by limiting low-voltage reduction in Li-rich oxide materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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He W, Guo W, Wu H, Lin L, Liu Q, Han X, Xie Q, Liu P, Zheng H, Wang L, Yu X, Peng DL. Challenges and Recent Advances in High Capacity Li-Rich Cathode Materials for High Energy Density Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005937. [PMID: 33772921 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Li-rich cathode materials have attracted increasing attention because of their high reversible discharge capacity (>250 mA h g-1 ), which originates from transition metal (TM) ion redox reactions and unconventional oxygen anion redox reactions. However, many issues need to be addressed before their practical applications, such as their low kinetic properties and inefficient voltage fading. The development of cutting-edge technologies has led to cognitive advances in theory and offer potential solutions to these problems. Herein, a recent in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and the frontier electrochemical research progress of Li-rich cathodes are reviewed. In addition, recent advances associated with various strategies to promote the performance and the development of modification methods are discussed. In particular, excluding Li-rich Mn-based (LRM) cathodes, other branches of the Li-rich cathode materials are also summarized. The consistent pursuit is to obtain energy storage devices with high capacity, reliable practicability, and absolute safety. The recent literature and ongoing efforts in this area are also described, which will create more opportunities and new ideas for the future development of Li-rich cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hualong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Liang Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qingshui Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Laisen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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He Z, Li J, Luo Z, Zhou Z, Jiang X, Zheng J, Li Y, Mao J, Dai K, Yan C, Sun Z. Enhancing Cell Performance of Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Materials via Tailoring Crystalline States of a Coating Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49390-49401. [PMID: 34609832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Li-rich Mn-based-layered oxides are considered to be the most felicitous cathode material candidates for commercial application of lithium-ion batteries on account of high energy density. Nevertheless, defects containing an unsatisfactory initial Coulombic efficiency and rapid voltage decay seriously impede their practical utilization. Herein, a coating layer with three distinct crystalline states are employed as a coating layer to modify Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2, respectively, and the effects of coating layers with distinct crystalline states on the crystal structure, diffusion kinetics, and cell performance of host materials are further explored. A coating layer with high crystallinity enables mitigatory voltage decay and better cyclic stability of materials, while a coating layer with planar defects facilitates Li+ transfer and enhances the rate performance of materials. Consequently, optimizing the crystalline state of coating substances is critical for preferable surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziyan Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiangkang Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Junchao Zheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yunjiao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jing Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kehua Dai
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Zhaoming Sun
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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9
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Enhanced electrochemical properties of potassium-doped lithium-rich oxide@carbon as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:718-726. [PMID: 34365308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-rich layered oxides are believed to be the most competitive cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacity, but the poor cycle stability and voltage attenuation severely limit their commercial applications. In this paper, a simple method combining surface treatment via pyrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and potassium ions (K+) doping, is designed to improve the above defects of the cobalt-free Lithium-rich material Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 (LMR). The insoluble surface byproduct Li2CO3 and amorphous carbon nanolayer derived from the pyrolysis process of PVA alleviate the corrosion of acidic species with a favorable conductivity, while a large radius of K+ can enlarge the space of the lithium (Li) layer to facilitate the diffusion of Li+, suppress voltage polarization, and synchronously restrain the transformation from a layered structure to a spinel-like structure. After modification, the LMR material exhibits a great initial discharge capacity of 266.0 mAh g-1 at 0.1C, a remarkable rate capability of 159.1 mAh g-1 at 5C and an extremely high capacity retention of 98.5% over 200 cycles at 0.5C with a small voltage drop.
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Li S, Ji J, Li Z, Yan L, Jiang W, Ling M, Lin Z, Liang C. Pre‐activation and Defects Introduced via Citric Acid to Mitigate Capacity and Voltage Fading in Li‐rich Cathode. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jiapeng Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zeheng Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lijing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Min Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangzhou University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chengdu Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
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