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Xiao R, Zhou X, Zhang C, Liu X, Han S, Che C. Organic Thermoelectric Materials for Wearable Electronic Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4600. [PMID: 39065999 PMCID: PMC11280558 DOI: 10.3390/s24144600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable electronic devices have emerged as a pivotal technology in healthcare and artificial intelligence robots. Among the materials that are employed in wearable electronic devices, organic thermoelectric materials possess great application potential due to their advantages such as flexibility, easy processing ability, no working noise, being self-powered, applicable in a wide range of scenarios, etc. However, compared with classic conductive materials and inorganic thermoelectric materials, the research on organic thermoelectric materials is still insufficient. In order to improve our understanding of the potential of organic thermoelectric materials in wearable electronic devices, this paper reviews the types of organic thermoelectric materials and composites, their assembly strategies, and their potential applications in wearable electronic devices. This review aims to guide new researchers and offer strategic insights into wearable electronic device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Xiao
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (R.X.); (C.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Taizhou Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Taizhou 317700, China;
| | - Chan Zhang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (R.X.); (C.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xi Liu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (R.X.); (C.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Shaobo Han
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (R.X.); (C.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Canyan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Long Q, Chen G. A strategy towards fabrication of thermoplastic-based composites with outstanding mechanical and thermoelectric performances. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:695-701. [PMID: 38950468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Compared to the great achievements in enhancing thermoelectric (TE) performance, little attention is paid to the mechanical (ME) performance of polymer composites although it is a prerequisite for practical applications. However, how to improve a trade-off between TE and ME performance is a great challenge, as the increase in ME performance is always along with the decrease in TE performance and vice versa. Herein, an enhanced trade-off is realized for ionic liquid (IL)-modulated flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/ single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/polycarbonate (PC) composites. It shows a maximum power factor value of 8.5 ± 2.1 μW m-1 K-2 and a strong mechanical robustness is also achieved for the composite with a fracture strength of 43.4 ± 5.4 MPa and a tensile modulus of 3.8 ± 0.4 GPa. The TE and ME performances are superior to other thermoplastics-based TE composites, and even comparable to some conducting polymers and their composites. The high electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT and their strong interfacial interaction with PC are responsible for the enhanced trade-off between ME and TE performances. This work provides a new avenue to endow polymer composites with high TE and ME performances simultaneously and will promote their versatile TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Materials Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianhui Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Materials Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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3
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Kim DM, Kwak HJ, Shin DY, Park JH, Kim JY. Optimal fabrication of a thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) using Alumel/chromel junctions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26128. [PMID: 38390170 PMCID: PMC10881371 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) technology is a novel measurement method that produces a thermocouple sensor during the deposition process, even though it is a complex surface, to obtain the surface temperature. TFTC is a thin film sensor for measuring temperature by contact methods, consisting of two different metals which can generate thermoelectric forces named "Seebeck effects". In the past decade there have been many attempts to measure the cutting temperature during machining processes using TFTF sensors. However, research has not yet progressed to optimize the sensor performance or fabrication process. This paper studies a preliminary technique for the fabrication of a TFTC sensor on a cutting tool surface and optimizes the deposition conditions, TFTC design, and sensor performance. Chromel and Alumel, which are materials commonly used in K-type thermocouples, were used for the thermal evaporation process. When the Chromel has a nickel to chrome ratio of 9:1, low resistivity and minimal variation with increasing temperature were observed. When the contact area of the deposited electrode (+) and (-) poles increased, the resistivity decreased and the TFTC sensitivity improved. Data acquisition tests using a DAQ system connected to the TFTC sensor show the lowest resistivity in TFTC B and C types are able to measure temperature data. It is expected that the heat generated during the cutting process can be detected using the TFTC sensor with B-type shape and Chromel with a 9:1 nickel to chrome ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Dongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 25, Yeonkkot-ro 165beon-gil, Jeongchon-myeon, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52845, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kwak
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinjudae-ro 501beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Shin
- Autonomous Manufacturing Process R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinjudae-ro 501beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinjudae-ro 501beon-gil, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
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4
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Oechsle AL, Schöner T, Deville L, Xiao T, Tian T, Vagias A, Bernstorff S, Müller-Buschbaum P. Ionic Liquid-Induced Inversion of the Humidity-Dependent Conductivity of Thin PEDOT:PSS Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47682-47691. [PMID: 37756141 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The humidity influence on the electronic and ionic resistance properties of thin post-treated poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films is investigated. In particular, the resistance of these PEDOT:PSS films post-treated with three different concentrations (0, 0.05, and 0.35 M) of ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM DCA) is measured while being exposed to a defined humidity protocol. A resistance increase upon elevated humidity is observed for the 0 M reference sample, while the EMIM DCA post-treated samples demonstrate a reverse behavior. Simultaneously performed in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements evidence changes in the film morphology upon varying the humidity, namely, an increase in the PEDOT domain distances. This leads to a detriment in the interdomain hole transport, which causes a rise in the resistance, as observed for the 0 M reference sample. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements at different humidities reveal additional contributions of ionic charge carriers in the EMIM DCA post-treated PEDOT:PSS films. Therefrom, a model is proposed, which describes the hole and cation transport in different post-treated PEDOT:PSS films dependent on the ambient humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Oechsle
- TUM School of Natural Science, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Schöner
- TUM School of Natural Science, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lewin Deville
- TUM School of Natural Science, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tianxiao Xiao
- TUM School of Natural Science, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ting Tian
- TUM School of Natural Science, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Apostolos Vagias
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sigrid Bernstorff
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 Km 163.5, AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM School of Natural Science, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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5
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Eryilmaz IH, Chen YF, Mattana G, Orgiu E. Organic thermoelectric generators: working principles, materials, and fabrication techniques. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3160-3174. [PMID: 36805573 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic thermoelectricity is a blooming field of research that employs organic (semi)conductors to recycle waste heat through its partial conversion to electrical power. Such a conversion occurs by means of organic thermoelectric generator (OTEG) devices. The recent process on the synthesis of novel materials and on the understanding of doping mechanisms to increase conductivity has tremendously narrowed the gap between laboratory research and their application in actual applications. This Feature Article intends to highlight the impressive progress in materials and fabrication techniques for OTEGs made in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Hatice Eryilmaz
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1P7, Varennes, QC, Canada.
| | - Yan-Fang Chen
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1P7, Varennes, QC, Canada.
| | - Giorgio Mattana
- Université Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J.-A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1P7, Varennes, QC, Canada.
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6
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Kim S, Byun YY, Lee I, Cho W, Kim G, Culebras M, Jang J, Cho C. Organic Thermoelectric Nanocomposites Assembled via Spraying Layer-by-Layer Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050866. [PMID: 36903743 PMCID: PMC10005322 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials have been considered as a promising energy harvesting technology for sustainably providing power to electronic devices. In particular, organic-based TE materials that consist of conducting polymers and carbon nanofillers make a large variety of applications. In this work, we develop organic TE nanocomposites via successive spraying of intrinsically conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANi) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy- thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and carbon nanofillers, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). It is found that the growth rate of the layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films, which comprise a PANi/SWNT-PEDOT:PSS repeating sequence, made by the spraying method is greater than that of the same ones assembled by traditional dip coating. The surface structure of multilayer thin films constructed by the spraying approach show excellent coverage of highly networked individual and bundled SWNT, which is similarly to what is observed when carbon nanotubes-based LbL assemblies are formed by classic dipping. The multilayer thin films via the spray-assisted LbL process exhibit significantly improved TE performances. A 20-bilayer PANi/SWNT-PEDOT:PSS thin film (~90 nm thick) yields an electrical conductivity of 14.3 S/cm and Seebeck coefficient of 76 μV/K. These two values translate to a power factor of 8.2 μW/m·K2, which is 9 times as large as the same films fabricated by a classic immersion process. We believe that this LbL spraying method will open up many opportunities in developing multifunctional thin films for large-scaled industrial use due to rapid processing and the ease with which it is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seojin Kim
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - You Young Byun
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - InYoung Lee
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyeon Cho
- Core Facility for Supporting Analysis & Imaging of Biomedical Materials, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungho Kim
- DMT Company, 60, Wanggungnonggong Danji-Gil, Wanggung-Myeon, Iksan 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Culebras
- Institute of Materials Science (ICMUV), University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Junho Jang
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungyeon Cho
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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7
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Imae I, Uehara H, Imato K, Ooyama Y. Thermoelectric Properties of Conductive Freestanding Films Prepared from PEDOT:PSS Aqueous Dispersion and Ionic Liquids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:57064-57069. [PMID: 36475609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, freestanding poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films modified with an ionic liquid (IL) were synthesized assuming modulization. These films were easily peeled off the glass substrate in water, producing hydrophobic and flexible freestanding films that exhibited extremely high mechanical strengths. The thermoelectric properties of the IL-doped PEDOT:PSS films depended on the amount of IL incorporated. To analyze the mechanism of this dependence in detail, the compositions, higher-order structures, and electronic states of the polymer films were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the carrier density in the polymer film was quantified using electrochemical techniques, and its correlation with the thermoelectric conversion properties was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Imae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroki Uehara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-8527, Japan
| | - Keiichi Imato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-8527, Japan
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8
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Stephen M, Wu X, Li T, Salim T, Hou K, Chen S, Leong WL. Crown ether enabled enhancement of ionic-electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2408-2415. [PMID: 35801931 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have proven to be one of the most versatile platforms for various applications including bioelectronics, neuromorphic computing and soft robotics. The use of PEDOT:PSS for OECTs originates from its ample mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, which in turn depends on the microscale phase separation and morphology of the polymer. Thus, modulation of the microstructure of PEDOT:PSS film enables us to tune the operation and device characteristics of the resulting OECT. Herein we report enhanced transconductance (20 mS), fast switching (32 μs) and stable operation (10 000 cycles) of modified PEDOT:PSS based OECTs using 15-crown-5 as an additive. Four probe measurements reveal an increased electronic conductivity of the modified PEDOT:PSS film (∼450 S cm-1) while tapping mode atomic force microscopy shows an increased phase separation. Further detailed characterization using spectroelectrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXS) provides insight into the microstructural changes brought about by the crown ether additive that result in the desirable characteristics of the modified PEDOT:PSS film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Stephen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Xihu Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Ting Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Teddy Salim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kunqi Hou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Wei Lin Leong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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9
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Oechsle AL, Heger JE, Li N, Yin S, Bernstorff S, Müller-Buschbaum P. In Situ Observation of Morphological and Oxidation Level Degradation Processes within Ionic Liquid Post-treated PEDOT:PSS Thin Films upon Operation at High Temperatures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30802-30811. [PMID: 35759690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic thermoelectric thin films are investigated in terms of their stability at elevated operating temperatures. Therefore, the electrical conductivity of ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM DCA) post-treated poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films is measured over 4.5 h of heating at 50 or 100 °C for different EMIM DCA concentrations. The changes in the electrical performance are correlated with changes in the film morphology, as evidenced with in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). Due to the overall increased PEDOT domain distances, the resulting impairment of the interdomain charge carrier transport directly correlates with the observed electrical conductivity decay. With in situ ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) measurements, a simultaneously occurring reduction of the PEDOT oxidation level is found to have an additional electrical conductivity lowering contribution due to the decrease of the charge carrier density. Finally, the observed morphology and oxidation level degradation is associated with the deterioration of the thermoelectric properties and hence a favorable operating temperature range is suggested for EMIM DCA post-treated PEDOT:PSS-based thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Oechsle
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julian E Heger
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nian Li
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sigrid Bernstorff
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Lin JC, Liatsis P, Alexandridis P. Flexible and Stretchable Electrically Conductive Polymer Materials for Physical Sensing Applications. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2059673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Panos Liatsis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang F, Dai K, Li C, Fan Y, Chen G, Zheng Q. Soft Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Principles, Current State of the Art and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104922. [PMID: 34921579 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The enormous demand for waste heat utilization and burgeoning eco-friendly wearable materials has triggered huge interest in the development of thermoelectric materials that can harvest low-cost energy resources by converting waste heat to electricity efficiently. In particular, due to their high flexibility, nontoxicity, cost-effectivity, and promising applicability in various fields, organic thermoelectric materials are drawing more attention compared with their toxic, expensive, heavy, and brittle inorganic counterparts. Organic thermoelectric materials are approaching the figure of merit of the inorganic ones via the construction and optimization of unique transport pathways and device geometries. This review presents the recent development of the interdependence and decoupling principles of the thermoelectric efficiency parameters as well as the new achievements of high performance organic thermoelectric materials. Moreover, this review also discusses the advances in the thermoelectric devices with emphasis on their energy-related applications. It is believed that organic thermoelectric materials are emerging as green energy alternatives rivaling their conventional inorganic counterparts in the efficient and pure electricity harvesting from waste heat and solar thermal energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhang Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbing Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
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12
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Yang J, Chang L, Ma C, Cao Z, Liu H. Highly Electrically Conductive Flexible Ionogels by Drop-Casting Ionic Liquid/PEDOT:PSS Composite Liquids onto Hydrogel Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100557. [PMID: 34669220 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionogels have been extensively studied as ideal flexible and stretchable materials by virtue of the unique properties of ionic liquids, such as non-volatility, non-flammability, and negligible vapor pressure. However, the generally low ionic conductivity of the current ionogels limits their applications in the market of highly conductive, flexible, and stretchable electrical devices. Here, the fabrication of highly electrically conductive ionogels is reported by combining composite liquids consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCA]) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with flexible negative-charged poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) hydrogel. The generated composite film exhibits high electrical conductivity up to about 38 S cm-1 with the maximum tensile strain of 45% and fracture stress of 27 kPa. In addition, it is demonstrated that the composite film can maintain conductivity in a high level under different mechanical deformations, and can also be used as flexible sensors in a wide temperature range from -58 to 120 ℃. It is believed that the designed composite film would expand the applications of flexible conductive materials where both high conductivity and robust mechanical flexibility are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,College of Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Chang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chuao Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ziquan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
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13
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Jia Y, Jiang Q, Sun H, Liu P, Hu D, Pei Y, Liu W, Crispin X, Fabiano S, Ma Y, Cao Y. Wearable Thermoelectric Materials and Devices for Self-Powered Electronic Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102990. [PMID: 34486174 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things has led to a growing demand for wearable and maintenance-free power sources. The continual push toward lower operating voltages and power consumption in modern integrated circuits has made the development of devices powered by body heat finally feasible. In this context, thermoelectric (TE) materials have emerged as promising candidates for the effective conversion of body heat into electricity to power wearable devices without being limited by environmental conditions. Driven by rapid advances in processing technology and the performance of TE materials over the past two decades, wearable thermoelectric generators (WTEGs) have gradually become more flexible and stretchable so that they can be used on complex and dynamic surfaces. In this review, the functional materials, processing techniques, and strategies for the device design of different types of WTEGs are comprehensively covered. Wearable self-powered systems based on WTEGs are summarized, including multi-function TE modules, hybrid energy harvesting, and all-in-one energy devices. Challenges in organic TE materials, interfacial engineering, and assessments of device performance are discussed, and suggestions for future developments in the area are provided. This review will promote the rapid implementation of wearable TE materials and devices in self-powered electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Jia
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dehua Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanzhong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Weishu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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14
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Oechsle AL, Heger JE, Li N, Yin S, Bernstorff S, Müller-Buschbaum P. Correlation of Thermoelectric Performance, Domain Morphology and Doping Level in PEDOT:PSS Thin Films Post-Treated with Ionic Liquids. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100397. [PMID: 34491602 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL) post-treatment of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films with ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM DCA), allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (AMIM DCA), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (EMIM TCB) is compared. Doping level modifications of PEDOT are characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and directly correlate with the observed Seebeck coefficient enhancement. With conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) the authors investigate changes in the topographic-current features of the PEDOT:PSS thin film surface due to IL treatment. Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) demonstrates the morphological rearrangement towards an optimized PEDOT domain distribution upon IL post-treatment, directly facilitating the interconductivity and causing an increased film conductivity. Based on these improvements in Seebeck coefficient and conductivity, the power factor is increased up to 236 µW m-1 K- 2 . Subsequently, a model is developed indicating that ILs, which contain small, sterically unhindered ions with a strong localized charge, appear beneficial to boost the thermoelectric performance of post-treated PEDOT:PSS films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Oechsle
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Julian E Heger
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Nian Li
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Sigrid Bernstorff
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Italy
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.,Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
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15
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Lu Y, Wu A, Sha C, Hang XC, Young DJ. Structural modulation induced by cobalt-based ionic liquids for enhanced thermoelectric transport in PEDOT:PSS. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2740-2744. [PMID: 34363338 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been intensively studied for its thermoelectric applications. Structural modulation to improve crystalline ordering, chain conformation and film morphology is a promising way to decouple the trade-off between conductivity and Seebeck coefficient and thus improve the thermoelectric power factor. Post treatment with ionic liquid ([CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2 O]:[ChCl]) bearing cobalt-containing anions resulted in a remarkable enhancement of the power factor to 76.8 μW m-1 K-2 . This IL combines the influence of a high-boiling polar organic solvent and diffusing ions. A high σ mainly resulted from the efficient removal of PSS chains, ordering of the structure and delocalization of bipoloran-dominant transport after conformational change. The increase in S was not due to dedoping of PEDOT chains, but rather the sharp feature of the density of states at the Fermi level induced by ion-exchange with unconventional anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Lu
- College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia
| | - Aoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chenwei Sha
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia
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16
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de Izarra A, Choi C, Jang YH, Lansac Y. Molecular Dynamics of PEDOT:PSS Treated with Ionic Liquids. Origin of Anion Dependence Leading to Cation Design Principles. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8601-8611. [PMID: 34292746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS via the morphological change of PEDOT-rich domains has been achieved by introducing a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM)-based ionic liquid (IL) into its aqueous solution, and the degree of such change varies drastically with the anion coupled to the EMIM cation constituting the IL. We carry out a series of molecular dynamics simulations on various simple model systems for the extremely complex mixtures of PEDOT:PSS and EMIM:X IL in water, varying the anion X, the IL concentration, the oligomer model of PEDOT:PSS, and the size of the model systems. The common characteristic found in all simulations is that although planar hydrophobic anions X are the most efficient for ion exchange between PEDOT:PSS and EMIM:X, they tend to bring together planar EMIM cations to PEDOT-rich domains, disrupting PEDOT π-stacks with PEDOT-X-EMIM intercalating layers. Nonplanar hydrophobic anions, which leave most of EMIM cations in water, are efficient for both ion exchange and the formation of extended PEDOT π-stacks, as observed in experiments. Based on such findings, we propose a design principle for new cations replacing EMIM; nonplanar hydrophilic cations combined with hydrophobic anions should improve IL efficiency for PEDOT:PSS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambroise de Izarra
- GREMAN, CNRS UMR 7347, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France.,Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, 42988 Daegu, Korea
| | - Changwon Choi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, 42988 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, 42988 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yves Lansac
- GREMAN, CNRS UMR 7347, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France.,Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, 42988 Daegu, Korea.,Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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17
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Deng W, Deng L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chen G. Synergistically Boosting Thermoelectric Performance of PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Composites via the Ion-Exchange Effect and Promoting SWCNT Dispersion by the Ionic Liquid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12131-12140. [PMID: 33667061 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is perhaps the most successful polymer material for thermoelectric (TE) applications. So far, treatments by high-boiling solvents, acid or base, or mixing with the carbon nanotube (CNT) are the main ways to improve its TE performance. Herein, we report the synergistically boosting TE properties of PEDOT:PSS/single-walled CNT (SWCNT) composites by the ionic liquid (IL). The composites are prepared by physically mixing the SWCNT dispersion containing the IL with PEDOT:PSS solution and subsequent vacuum filtration. The IL additive has two major functions, that is, inducing the phase separation of PEDOT:PSS and a linear quinoid conformation of PEDOT and promoting the SWCNT dispersion. The maximum power factor at room temperature reaches 182.7 ± 9.2 μW m-1 K-2 (the corresponding electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient are 1602.6 ± 103.0 S cm-1 and 33.4 ± 0.4 μV K-1, respectively) for the free-standing flexible film of the PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT composites with the IL, which is much higher than those of the pristine PEDOT:PSS, the IL-free PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT, and the SWCNT films. The high TE performance of composites can be ascribed to synergistic roles of the ion-exchange effect and promotion of SWCNT dispersion by the IL. This work demonstrates the dual roles for the IL in regulating each component of the PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT composite that synergistically boosts the TE performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liang Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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18
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Kluge RM, Saxena N, Müller-Buschbaum P. A Solution‐Processable Polymer‐Based Thin‐Film Thermoelectric Generator. ADVANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina M. Kluge
- Physik Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Nitin Saxena
- Physik Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum Lichtenbergstr. 1 85748 Garching Germany
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19
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Abstract
Coordination polymers (CPs) are potential thermoelectric (TE) materials to replace the sometimes costly, brittle and toxic heavy metal inorganic TEs for near-ambient-temperature applications. Air-stable and highly conductive p-type thermoelectric CPs are relatively well known, but the their n-type counterparts are only now emerging and both are needed for most practical applications. This perspective reviews recent advances in the development of n-type thermoelectric CPs, particularly the 1D and 2D metal bisdithiolenes, and introduces a relatively new class of guest@metal-organic framework(MOF)-based composites. Low dimensional CPs with reasonable n-type thermoelectric performance are emerging with good charge mobility and air-stability but still relatively low electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Lu
- College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia 0909.
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20
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Imae I, Goto T, Ooyama Y, Harima Y. Thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with fluorine-containing polyanion as dopant. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Yemata TA, Zheng Y, Kyaw AKK, Wang X, Song J, Chin WS, Xu J. Improved Thermoelectric Properties and Environmental Stability of Conducting PEDOT:PSS Films Post-treated With Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. Front Chem 2020; 7:870. [PMID: 31970148 PMCID: PMC6960405 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most popular conducting polymers and widely used as polymer thermoelectric materials, and its thermoelectric performance could be improved by a variety of post-treatment processes. This paper reported two series of post-treatment methods to enhance the thermoelectric performance. The first series method included pre-treatment of PEDOT:PSS film with formamide, followed by imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The second series method included pre-treatment of PEDOT:PSS film with formamide, followed by sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and finally imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Two series of post-treatment methods significantly improved the power factor of PEDOT:PSS when compared to that of PEDOT:PSS treated with formamide only. For example, using the first series post-treatment method with 40 vol.% ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide, the Seebeck coefficient of the PEDOT:PSS film increased from 14.9 to 28.5 μV/K although the electrical conductivity reduced from 2,873 to 1,701 S/cm, resulting in a substantial improvement in the overall power factor from 63.6 to 137.8 μW/K2m. The electrical conductivity enhancement in the formamide-treatment process was in part ascribed to the removal of the insulating PSS component. Further treatment of PEDOT:PSS film with ionic liquid caused dedoping of PEDOT and hence increased in Seebeck coefficient. In contrast, second series post-treatment method led to the reduction in electrical conductivity from 2,873 to 641 S/cm but a big improvement in the Seebeck coefficient from 14.9 to 61.1 μV/K and thus the overall power factor reached up to ~239.2 μW/K2m. Apart from the improvement in electrical conductivity, the increase in Seebeck coefficient is on account of the substantial dedoping of PEDOT polymer to its neutral form and thus leads to the big improvement of its Seebeck coefficient. The environmental stability of ionic liquid-treated PEDOT:PSS films were examined. It was found that the ionic liquid treated PEDOT:PSS retained more than 70% Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity at 75% RH humidity and 70°C for 480 h. The improved long-term TE stability is attributed to the strong ionic interaction between sulfonate anions and bulky imidazolium cations that effectively block the penetration of water and lessen the tendency to take up water from the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Atnafu Yemata
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xizu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Song
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shong Chin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Ding WL, Sun ZZ, Peng XL, Wang CL, Zhang YQ, He HY, Zhang SJ. Boosting the hole transport of conductive polymers by regulating the ion ratio in ionic liquid additives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9796-9807. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has aroused great interest in organic electrics because of its high electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhu-Zhu Sun
- Energy-Saving Building Materials Innovative Collaboration Center of Henan Province
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Liang Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Lu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hong-Yan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Suo-Jiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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