1
|
Gao J, Zhou J, Yuan M, Yu S, Ma W, Hu Z, Xiang H, Zhu M. A Flexible Long-Wave Infrared Radiation Modulator Integrated with Electrochromic Behavior for Dual-Band Camouflage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30421-30429. [PMID: 38832560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs), which are capable of modulating optical properties in the visible and long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectra under applied voltage, are of great significance for military camouflage. However, there are a few materials that can modulate dual frequency bands. In addition, the complex and specialized structural design of dual-band ECDs poses significant challenges. Here, we propose a novel approach for a bendable ECD capable of modulating LWIR radiation and displaying multiple colors. Notably, it eliminates the need for a porous electrode or a grid electrode, thereby improving both the response speed and fabrication feasibility. The device employs multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as both the transparent electrode and the LWIR modulator, polyaniline (PANI) as the electrochromic layer, and ionic liquids (HMIM[TFSI]) as the electrolyte. The ECD is able to reduce its infrared emissivity (Δε = 0.23) in a short time (resulting in a drop in infrared temperature from 50 to 44 °C) within a mere duration of 0.78 ± 0.07 s while changing its color from green to yellow within 3 s when a positive voltage of 4 V is applied. In addition, it exhibits excellent flexibility, even under bending conditions. This simplified structure provides opportunities for applications such as wearable adaptive camouflage and multispectral displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- Jiangsu Gem Advanced Fiber Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nantong 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Senlong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textile and Garment, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Zhang L, Ren Z, Zhang Y, Hao T, Liu D, Xu L, Liu W, Sun J, Ji H, Wang Y. Multifunctional Ultrathin Metasurface with a Low Radar Cross Section and Variable Infrared Emissivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38602127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of stealth devices that are compatible with both infrared (IR) and radar systems remains a significant challenge, as the material properties required for effective IR and radar stealth are often contradictory. In this work, based on an IR electrochromic device (IR-ECD), concepts of metamaterial manipulating electromagnetic waves are applied to develop a multifunctional ultrathin metasurface with a low radar cross section (RCS) and variable infrared emissivity. This paper presents a linear-to-linear polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) designed by hollowing the IR-ECD. In this way, the IR-ECD based on polyaniline (PANI) can also modulate the reflection waves in the microwave band without affecting its features in the infrared region. Thus, the proposed metasurface integrates both microwave stealth and variable infrared emissivity through a single layer. The measured results show that a 10 dB RCS reduction is achieved in the band of 8.46-9.5 GHz, and the infrared emissivity can be adjusted from 0.870 to 0.513 in the infrared stealth band of 8-14 μm. Due to the ultrathin thickness (only 0.081λ0 at 9 GHz), low RCS in the X-band, and variable infrared emissivity, the designed multifunctional stealth metasurface has promising applications on military platforms with various surrounding environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zekui Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Leipeng Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichen Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pisharody GR, Sahoo P, Shankar Rao DS, Ramakrishna Matte HSS, Sikdar D, Krishna Prasad S. IR regulation through preferential placement of h-BN nanosheets in a polymer network liquid crystal. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:554-565. [PMID: 37982355 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in devices which effectively shield near-infrared light with an additional feature of external field tunability, particularly for energy-saving applications. This article demonstrates an approach for fabricating a highly efficient near-infrared regulating device based on a polymer network liquid crystal reinforced with nanosheets of hexagonal-boron nitride (BN). The device achieves ∼84% IR scattering capability over a wavelength range of 800-2300 nm, and can also be regulated by an electric field. Interestingly, the observed high IR regulation is despite individual components of the composite being IR transparent, in stark contrast to earlier attempted incorporation of IR-absorbing/scattering particles. Detailed experimental characterization methods including FESEM corroborated with EDS and Raman spectroscopy suggest that the preferential positioning of the BN nanosheets, a consequence of the photo-polymerization process, is responsible for the observed feature. The IR reflectivity/back scattering that is doubled upon incorporation of the nanosheets results in an enhanced convective/radiative heat barrier capability, as evidenced by thermal imaging and significant (2 °C) reduction in ambient temperature upon one-Sun illumination. Numerical simulation results are also found to be in good agreement with the observed enhanced reflectance values for the BN-incorporated case. The presence of BN augments the mechanical rigidity of the system by a factor of 6.8 without compromising on the device operating voltage. The protocol employed is quite general and thus advantageous with far-reaching applications in passive cooling of buildings and structures, in thermal camouflaging, and in overall energy management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri R Pisharody
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Priyabrata Sahoo
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - D S Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
| | - H S S Ramakrishna Matte
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
| | - Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - S Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee G, Jang S, Kim YB, Cho D, Jeong D, Chae S, Myoung JM, Kim H, Kim SK, Lee JO. Ultrathin Metal Film on Graphene for Percolation-Threshold-Limited Thermal Emissivity Control. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301227. [PMID: 37200230 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Translucent Au/graphene hybrid films are shown to be effective in reducing thermal emission from the underlying surfaces when the deposition thickness of Au is close to the percolation threshold. The critical Au deposition thickness for an abrupt change in emissivity is reduced from 15 nm (Si substrate) to a percolation-threshold-limited thickness of 8.5 nm (graphene/Si substrate) because of the chemical inertness of graphene leading to the deposited Au atoms forming a thin, crystalline layer. The effect of the graphene layer on the optical properties of the hybrid film is highlighted by a drastic increase in infrared absorptivity, whereas the visible absorptivity is marginally affected by the presence of a graphene layer. The level of thermal emission from the Au/graphene hybrid films with the percolation-threshold-limited Au thickness is stable even with high background temperatures of up to 300 °C and mechanical strains of ≈4%. As an example of a thermal management application, an anti-counterfeiting device is demonstrated; thermal-camouflage-masked text fabricated with an Au/graphene hybrid film is discernible only using a thermographic camera. Ultrathin metal film assisted by a graphene layer will provide a facile platform for thermal management with semi-transparency, flexibility, and transferability to arbitrary surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geonhee Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Jang
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bin Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Cho
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Duwon Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosang Chae
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Myoung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-O Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ji D, Li X, Rezeq M, Cantwell W, Zheng L. Long-Term Stable Thermal Emission Modulator Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37818-37827. [PMID: 37523775 PMCID: PMC10416147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic control of a material's thermal emission could enable many emerging applications, such as thermal camouflage and infrared (IR) display. Low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials have shown great potential in these applications because of their tuneability in charge density via static gating or ionic intercalation. Herein, a thermal emission modulator based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is realized by ionic gating. The Fermi energy of the SWCNTs is shifted via the adsorption of ions on the surface, and the highest emissivity is observed at the neutral state while both P-type and N-type SWCNTs have a reduced emissivity. An emissivity modulation range is achieved approximately from 0.45 to 0.95 within the electrochemical window of the used ionic liquid. Thermal camouflage and IR display applications are then demonstrated by utilizing the tuneable thermal emissivity of the fabricated SWNCT films. More importantly, a single-layer structure allows effective dynamic control purely by static gating, without involving any ion interaction process that may cause structural damage, as observed in graphene and multi-walled nanotubes. Therefore, the SWCNT-based IR modulators exhibit long-term stability, with nearly identical modulation range and response time after 6000 dynamic tuning cycles, indicating great potential for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ji
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xuan Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moh’d Rezeq
- Department
of Physics, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- System
on Chip Center, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wesley Cantwell
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Aerospace Research and Innovation Center
(ARIC), Khalifa University of Science and
Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu
Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lianxi Zheng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang H, Li J, Ke H, Du Y, Peng W, Dai M, Zhang Y, Zhang XA. Impact of Ionic Liquids on Effectiveness of Tuning the Emissivity of Multilayer Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26256-26263. [PMID: 34028249 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer graphene has been employed as a functional material for tuning the emissivity in mid- and long-infrared range, which shows great potential for various applications, such as radiative cooling and thermal camouflage. However, the stability of the multilayer graphene is not sufficient for practical applications yet. Even though it is reported that the integrity of the multilayer graphene is compromised by ion intercalation, the detailed mechanism is rather unclear. Here, a set of ionic liquids is deployed as sources of electronic charges for tuning the emissivity of multilayer graphene. It is found that the emissivity modulator using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([EMIm]NTf2) as the ionic liquid provides a modulation depth of about 0.52 (i.e., about 21% larger than the best-reported value) while maintaining a reasonable device lifetime. The microscopic structures of the multilayer graphene in an operational and failure modulator are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the modulation depth of emissivity is negatively correlated with the initial voltage, which represents the reaction potential between the ionic liquid and graphene. Furthermore, not only the chemical reactivity but also the size of both anion and cation in the ionic liquids play important roles in maintaining stability of the modulator. Therefore, a set of criteria (e.g., low initial voltage and small size of anion and cation) is proposed to select proper ionic liquids for emissivity modulation. This not only sheds light on the underlying physics of the modulator but also promotes its practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Junxiao Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Haibo Ke
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Yangjian Du
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Wenlian Peng
- Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Science, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Mengyan Dai
- Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Science, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Xue-Ao Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang C, Niu S, Chang H, Wang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Li G, Chen S, Qu Y, Xiao L. Thermal infrared and broadband microwave stealth glass windows based on multi-band optimization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13610-13623. [PMID: 33985093 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of detection technologies, compatible stealth in the infrared and radar ranges has become increasingly essential not only for military application but also for personal privacy protection. In this study, we design a metamaterial window that possesses stealth ability in both the thermal infrared and broadband microwave ranges, using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to realize multi-band optimization. We experimentally verify that the proposed structure can achieve over 90% microwave absorption in the range 5.1 to 19.2 GHz (covering the X and Ku bands), with low infrared emissivity (∼0.15), and also maintain visible transmittance above 60%. Moreover, the window retains good performance up to 200 °C owing to the intrinsic properties of the material. Our multi-band optimization method enables the application of the transparent metamaterial windows in electromagnetic shielding and stealth and can potentially be applied in smart window related industries.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang L, Feng W, Li Q. Beyond the Visible: Bioinspired Infrared Adaptive Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004754. [PMID: 33624900 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) adaptation phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and biological systems. Taking inspiration from natural creatures, researchers have devoted extensive efforts for developing advanced IR adaptive materials and exploring their applications in areas of smart camouflage, thermal energy management, biomedical science, and many other IR-related technological fields. Herein, an up-to-date review is provided on the recent advancements of bioinspired IR adaptive materials and their promising applications. First an overview of IR adaptation in nature and advanced artificial IR technologies is presented. Recent endeavors are then introduced toward developing bioinspired adaptive materials for IR camouflage and IR radiative cooling. According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, IR camouflage can be realized by either emissivity engineering or thermal cloaks. IR radiative cooling can maximize the thermal radiation of an object through an IR atmospheric transparency window, and thus holds great potential for use in energy-efficient green buildings and smart personal thermal management systems. Recent advances in bioinspired adaptive materials for emerging near-IR (NIR) applications are also discussed, including NIR-triggered biological technologies, NIR light-fueled soft robotics, and NIR light-driven supramolecular nanosystems. This review concludes with a perspective on the challenges and opportunities for the future development of bioinspired IR adaptive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Zhang L, Xu G, Wang B, Yu S, Ren Z, Ren F, Dou S, Li Y, Zhao J. Effect of ionic liquid electrolytes on the electrochemical stability and optical tunability of polyaniline-based infrared variable emittance devices. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Li X, Zhang L, Wang B, Xu G, Yu S, Pan M, Dou S, Li Y, Zhao J. Highly-conductive porous poly(ether ether ketone) electrolyte membranes for flexible electrochromic devices with variable infrared emittance. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Zhao L, Zhang R, Deng C, Peng Y, Jiang T. Tunable Infrared Emissivity in Multilayer Graphene by Ionic Liquid Intercalation. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081096. [PMID: 31370164 PMCID: PMC6722658 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Controllably tuned infrared emissivity has attracted great interest for potential application in adaptive thermal camouflage. In this work, we report a flexible multilayer graphene based infrared device on a porous polyethylene membrane, where the infrared emissivity could be tuned by ionic liquid intercalation. The Fermi level of surface multilayer graphene shifts to a high energy level through ionic liquid intercalation, which blocks electronic transition below the Fermi level. Thus, the optical absorptivity/emissivity of graphene could be controlled by intercalation. Experimentally, the infrared emissivity of surface graphene was found to be tuned from 0.57 to 0.41 after ionic liquid intercalation. Meanwhile, the relative reflectivity Rv/R0 of surface graphene increased from 1.0 to 1.15. The strong fluorescence background of Raman spectra, the upshift of the G peak (~23 cm−1), and the decrease of sheet resistance confirmed the successful intercalation of ionic liquid into the graphene layers. This intercalation control of the infrared emissivity of graphene in this work displays a new way of building an effective thermal camouflage system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Renyan Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Chuyun Deng
- College of Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yuanxi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| |
Collapse
|