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Yang Y, Liu X, Wan C, Liu S, Li X, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Li L, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Xie Y, Zhao X, Chai H, Wu Y. Powering the Future Green Buildings: Multifunctional Ultraviolet-Shielding Transparent Wood. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39038287 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Indoor UV damage is a serious problem that is often ignored. Common glasses cannot filter UV rays well and have fragility and environmental issues. UV-shielding transparent wood (TW) holds promise, yet striking the right balance between blocking UV rays and allowing sufficient visible-light transmission poses a challenge. The pronounced capillary force, fueled by persistent moisture and extractives in wood, alongside the existence of multiphase interfaces, collectively hinder the uniform penetration of polymers and the effective dispersion of nanomaterials within the wood skeleton. Here, we incorporate high-pressure supercritical CO2 fluid-assisted impregnation (HSCFI) into fabricating UV-shielding TW. The supercritical CO2 pretreatment efficiently eliminates moisture and refines wood structure by extracting polar substances, resulting in a prominent 52.4% increase in average water permeability. Subsequently, this HSCFI method facilitates the infiltration of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer and Ce-ZnO nanorods (NRDs) into the refined anhydrous wood, leveraging the excellent solvency of supercritical CO2 for MMA. The impregnation rate of PMMA undergoes a substantial increase from 34.5 to 59.1%. With the robust UV-blocking capability of Ce-ZnO NRDs, thanks to dual-valence Ce doping widening the ZnO energy gap via the Burstein-Moss effect and their unique photoactive microstructure featuring a solid prism with a sharp hexahedral pyramidal tip, along with intrinsic physical scattering/reflection actions, Ce-ZnO NRDs@TW achieves an impressive 99.6% UVA radiation blockage (the highest for TW) and maintains high visible-light transmission (83.2%). Furthermore, Ce-ZnO NRDs@TW presents favorable energy-saving, sound absorption, and antifungal abilities, making it a promising candidate for future green buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Caichao Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Xingong Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Liangli Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Zaiyang Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhong Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Huayun Chai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
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Azad SS, Keshavarzi R, Mirkhani V, Moghadam M, Tangestaninejad S, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I. Stability enhancement of perovskite solar cells using multifunctional inorganic materials with UV protective, self cleaning, and high wear resistance properties. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6466. [PMID: 38499593 PMCID: PMC10948775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells have reached a high power conversion efficiency of up to 25.8% but suffered from poor long-term stability against environmental factors such as ultraviolet irradiation and humidity of the environment. Herein, two different multifunctional transparent coatings containing AZO and ZnO porous UV light absorbers were employed on the front of the PSCs. This strategy is designed to improve the long-term stability of PSCs against UV irradiation. Moreover, the provided coatings exhibit two additional roles, including self-cleaning and high wear resistance. In this regard, AZO coating showed higher wear resistance compared to the ZnO coating. The photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of these prepared coatings make them stable against environmental pollutants. Furthermore, appropriate mechanical properties such as high hardness and low coefficient of friction that leads to high resistance against wear are other features of these coatings. The devices with AZO/Glass/FTO/meso-TiO2/Perovskite/spiro/Au and ZnO/Glass/FTO/meso-TiO2/Perovskite/spiro/Au configurations maintained 40% and 30% of their initial performance for 100 h during 11 days (9 h per day) against the UV light with the high intensity of 50 mW cm-2 which is due to higher absorption of AZO compared with ZnO in the ultraviolet region. Since AZO has a higher light transmission in the visible region in comparison to ZnO, perovskite cells with AZO protective layers have higher efficiency than perovskite cells with ZnO layers. It is worth noting that the mentioned features make these coatings usable for cover glass in all types of solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Keshavarzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Valiollah Mirkhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
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Li B, Tian F, Cui X, Xiang B, Zhao H, Zhang H, Wang D, Li J, Wang X, Fang X, Qiu M, Wang D. Review for Rare-Earth-Modified Perovskite Materials and Optoelectronic Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101773. [PMID: 35630995 PMCID: PMC9145635 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, rare-earth metals with triply oxidized state, lanthanide ions (Ln3+), have been demonstrated as dopants, which can efficiently improve the optical and electronic properties of metal halide perovskite materials. On the one hand, doping Ln3+ ions can convert near-infrared/ultraviolet light into visible light through the process of up-/down-conversion and then the absorption efficiency of solar spectrum by perovskite solar cells can be significantly increased, leading to high device power conversion efficiency. On the other hand, multi-color light emissions and white light emissions originated from perovskite nanocrystals can be realized via inserting Ln3+ ions into the perovskite crystal lattice, which functioned as quantum cutting. In addition, doping or co-doping Ln3+ ions in perovskite films or devices can effectively facilitate perovskite film growth, tailor the energy band alignment and passivate the defect states, resulting in improved charge carrier transport efficiency or reduced nonradiative recombination. Finally, Ln3+ ions have also been used in the fields of photodetectors and luminescent solar concentrators. These indicate the huge potential of rare-earth metals in improving the perovskite optoelectronic device performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (B.L.); (X.C.); (B.X.)
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (F.T.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangqian Cui
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (B.L.); (X.C.); (B.X.)
| | - Boyuan Xiang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (B.L.); (X.C.); (B.X.)
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China;
| | - Haixi Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Dengkui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (F.T.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Jinhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (F.T.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (F.T.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (F.T.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (M.Q.)
| | - Mingxia Qiu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (B.L.); (X.C.); (B.X.)
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (M.Q.)
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Department of Opto-Electronic Information Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
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Ali Shah SA, Sayyad MH, Sun J, Guo Z. Recent advances and emerging trends of rare-earth-ion doped spectral conversion nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells. J RARE EARTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang X, Guo H, Lu Z, Liu X, Luo X, Li S, Liu S, Li J, Wu Y, Chen Z. Lignin Nanoparticles: Promising Sustainable Building Blocks of Photoluminescent and Haze Films for Improving Efficiency of Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33536-33545. [PMID: 34251791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Films with the capacity for photoluminescence and haze, which can convert UV to visible light and enhance light management, are of great importance for optoelectronic devices. Here, taking advantage of the inherent fluorescence and self-assembly properties of lignin, we have developed a sustainable lignin-derived multifunctional dopant (L-MS-NPs) for fabricating optical films with haze, fluorescence, and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) together with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The optical films are used to improve the light-harvesting efficiency of solar cells. Specifically, attributed to the robust morphology in the film matrix, L-MS-NPs cause a rough morphology in the surface of an L-MS-NPs/PVA composite film, which eventually triggers the great optical haze. Additionally, L-MS-NPs inherit fluorescence properties from lignin and show fluorescence emission when embed in the film matrix. Moreover, the PVA film matrix can stabilize the excited triplet state, which finally induces RTP of L-MS-NPs. The combined haze, fluorescence, and RTP properties of the L-MS-NPs/PVA composite film enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye-sensitized solar cells from ∼3.9 to ∼4.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Huanxin Guo
- Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zonghao Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xiongfei Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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Abstract
The increasing demand for renewable energy devices over the past decade has motivated researchers to develop new and improve the existing fabrication techniques. One of the promising candidates for renewable energy technology is metal halide perovskite, owning to its high power conversion efficiency and low processing cost. This work analyzes the relationship between the structure of metal halide perovskites and their properties along with the effect of alloying and other factors on device stability, as well as causes and mechanisms of material degradation. The present work discusses the existing approaches for enhancing the stability of PSC devices through modifying functional layers. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods in boosting device efficiency and reducing fabrication cost are highlighted. In addition, the paper presents recommendations for the enhancement of interfaces in PSC structures.
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Khayarov K, Pyataev A, Saifutdinov A, Galiakhmetova D, Emelianov D, Rakhmetova E, Gubaidullin A, Galkina I, Galkin V. Structural, magnetic and fluorescence characterization of europium(III) azomethine complexes with asymmetric ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Chen C, Zheng S, Song H. Photon management to reduce energy loss in perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7250-7329. [PMID: 33977928 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) over the past few years, the conversion of solar energy into electricity is not efficient enough or cost-competitive yet. The principal energy loss in the conversion of solar energy to electricity fundamentally originates from the non-absorption of low-energy photons ascribed to Shockley-Queisser limits and thermalization losses of high-energy photons. Enhancing the light-harvesting efficiency of the perovskite photoactive layer by developing efficient photo management strategies with functional materials and arrays remains a long-standing challenge. Here, we briefly review the historical research trials and future research trends to overcome the fundamental loss mechanisms in PSCs, including upconversion, downconversion, scattering, tandem/graded structures, texturing, anti-reflection, and luminescent solar concentrators. We will deeply emphasize the availability and analyze the importance of a fine device structure, fluorescence efficiency, material proportion, and integration position for performance improvement. The unique energy level structure arising from the 4fn inner shell configuration of the trivalent rare-earth ions gives multifarious options for efficient light-harvesting by upconversion and downconversion. Tandem or graded PSCs by combining a series of subcells with varying bandgaps seek to rectify the spectral mismatch. Plasmonic nanostructures function as a secondary light source to augment the light-trapping within the perovskite layer and carrier transporting layer, enabling enhanced carrier generation. Texturing the interior using controllable micro/nanoarrays can realize light-matter interactions. Anti-reflective coatings on the top glass cover of the PSCs bring about better transmission and glare reduction. Photon concentration through perovskite-based luminescent solar concentrators offers a path to increase efficiency at reduced cost and plays a role in building-integrated photovoltaics. Distinct from other published reviews, we here systematically and hierarchically present all of the photon management strategies in PSCs by presenting the theoretical possibilities and summarizing the experimental results, expecting to inspire future research in the field of photovoltaics, phototransistors, photoelectrochemical sensors, photocatalysis, and especially light-emitting diodes. We further assess the overall possibilities of the strategies based on ultimate efficiency prospects, material requirements, and developmental outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Dingzigu Road 1, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China. and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shijian Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Dingzigu Road 1, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Song Z, Xu W, Wu Y, Liu S, Bi W, Chen X, Song H. Incorporating of Lanthanides Ions into Perovskite Film for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001770. [PMID: 32924310 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since Yan's work, incorporation of some lanthanide elements, such as Eu and Nd, into MAPbI3 layer has been proven to be a powerful strategy on improving the permanence of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a comprehensive configuration has not been given for different lanthanide elements doping while the mechanism has not been clarified. Herein, the incorporation of various lanthanides ions (Ln3+ = Ce3+ , Eu3+ , Nd3+ , Sm3+ , or Yb3+ ) into perovskite films to largely enhance the performance of PSCs is presented. Arising from the enlarged grain size and crystallinity of perovskite film upon Ln3+ ions doping, the efficiency and stability of PSCs are significantly improved. Extraordinarily, PSCs with Ce3+ doping achieve the best performance, with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.67% in contrast to 18.50% for pristine PSCs, and outstanding long-term and UV irradiation stability. Such high performance of PSCs after Ce3+ doping originates from special Ce3+ /Ce4+ redox pair and the unique 4f-5d absorption in the UV region. Finally, the flexible PSCs with low-temperature preparation are explored. Considering the richer deposition of cerium element in the earth and lower price, the findings may provide new opportunities for developing low-cost, highly efficient, air/UV stable, and flexible PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yanjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Wenbo Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Xinfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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Dou Y, Wang D, Li G, Liao Y, Sun W, Wu J, Lan Z. Toward Highly Reproducible, Efficient, and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Interface Engineering with CoO Nanoplates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32159-32168. [PMID: 31403271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that solution-processed polycrystalline perovskite films show a high density of parasitic traps and the defects mainly exist at grain boundaries and surfaces of polycrystal perovskite films, which would limit potential device performance by triggering the undesired recombination and impair device long-term stability by accelerating the degradation of perovskite films. In this regard, defect passivation is highly desirable for achieving efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report the fabrication of highly reproducible, efficient, and stable PSCs via interface engineering with CoO nanoplates. When a suitable concentration of CoO nanoplates solution is spin-coated on perovskite film, a discontinuous CoO nanoplates modified layer is obtained, which is advantageous to achieving highly photovoltaic performance of the device because the uncovered perovskite crystalline grains can guarantee the unobstructed transport of holes from perovskite layers to hole transport layers. Furthermore, the hydrophobic oleylamine ligands capped CoO nanoplates are well filled in the boundaries of perovskite crystalline grains to effectively passivate the trap states, suppress dark recombination, and enhance moisture-resistance. These benefits are propitious to achieving a 20.72% champion efficiency and a 20.20% steady-state efficiency of the devices with good reproducibility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Dou
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Deng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Guodong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Yinsheng Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Weihai Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen 361021 , China
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