1
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Ospina AV. Overview of the Role of Liquid Biopsy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024:S0936-6555(24)00288-7. [PMID: 39048406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumour tissue has traditionally been used for cancer molecular diagnostics. Recently, biomarker assessment in blood or liquid biopsies has become relevant because it allows genotyping in a less invasive and costly manner. In addition, it is a very useful technique in cases with insufficient tumour samples. Recent data have shown that this method can provide the baseline molecular characteristics of the tumour and resistance changes that emerge during cancer treatment. In terms of diagnostic application, the platforms available for clinical use in lung cancer focus on the isolation and detection of circulating DNA (ctDNA) and generally cover a limited number of mutations in genes such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and BRAF, as well as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements. In parallel, there are plasma genotyping platforms based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, which are much broader in scope, allowing multiple genes to be studied simultaneously in a more efficient manner. More recently, promising research scenarios for liquid biopsy have emerged, such as its utility for early diagnosis and evaluation of minimal residual disease after oncological treatment. In light of these advances, knowledge of the benefits and limitations of liquid biopsy, as well as awareness of emerging information on new indications for this technique in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are of paramount importance in developing more effective management strategies for patients with this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ospina
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, C/Manuel de Falla, 1 Majadahonda, Madrid, 28222, Spain.
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2
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Desai N, Katare P, Makwana V, Salave S, Vora LK, Giri J. Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally. Biomater Res 2023; 27:113. [PMID: 37946275 PMCID: PMC10633998 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological tools, opening new possibilities. This article delves deeply into the concept of "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from the tumor that aid in combatting it. It includes cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for tumor theranostics), extracellular vesicles (for tumor diagnosis/therapy), tumor cell lysates (for cancer vaccine development), and engineered cancer cells/organoids (for cancer research). This review seeks to offer a complete overview of the tumor-derived materials that are utilized in cancer research, as well as their current stages of development and implementation. It is aimed primarily at researchers working at the interface of cancer biology and biomedical engineering, and it provides vital insights into this fast-growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Katare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Vaishali Makwana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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3
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Hu M, Brown V, Jackson JM, Wijerathne H, Pathak H, Koestler DC, Nissen E, Hupert ML, Muller R, Godwin AK, Witek MA, Soper SA. Assessing Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes Using Extracellular Vesicles' mRNA. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7665-7675. [PMID: 37071799 PMCID: PMC10243595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry RNA cargo that is believed to be associated with the cell-of-origin and thus have the potential to serve as a minimally invasive liquid biopsy marker for supplying molecular information to guide treatment decisions (i.e., precision medicine). We report the affinity isolation of EV subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies attached to the surface of a microfluidic chip that is made from a plastic to allow for high-scale production. The EV microfluidic affinity purification (EV-MAP) chip was used for the isolation of EVs sourced from two-orthogonal cell types and was demonstrated for its utility in a proof-of-concept application to provide molecular subtyping information for breast cancer patients. The orthogonal selection process better recapitulated the epithelial tumor microenvironment by isolating two subpopulations of EVs: EVEpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule, epithelial origin) and EVFAPα (fibroblast activation protein α, mesenchymal origin). The EV-MAP provided recovery >80% with a specificity of 99 ± 1% based on exosomal mRNA (exo-mRNA) and real time-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction results. When selected from the plasma of healthy donors and breast cancer patients, EVs did not differ in size or total RNA mass for both markers. On average, 0.5 mL of plasma from breast cancer patients yielded ∼2.25 ng of total RNA for both EVEpCAM and EVFAPα, while in the case of cancer-free individuals, it yielded 0.8 and 1.25 ng of total RNA from EVEpCAM and EVFAPα, respectively. To assess the potential of these two EV subpopulations to provide molecular information for prognostication, we performed the PAM50 test (Prosigna) on exo-mRNA harvested from each EV subpopulation. Results suggested that EVEpCAM and EVFAPα exo-mRNA profiling using subsets of the PAM50 genes and a novel algorithm (i.e., exo-PAM50) generated 100% concordance with the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Virginia Brown
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Joshua M Jackson
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Harshani Wijerathne
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Emily Nissen
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | | | - Rolf Muller
- BioFluidica, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Malgorzata A Witek
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- Center of BioModular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- BioFluidica, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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4
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Hazra RS, Khan MRH, Kale N, Tanha T, Khandare J, Ganai S, Quadir M. Bioinspired Materials for Wearable Devices and Point-of-Care Testing of Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2103-2128. [PMID: 35679474 PMCID: PMC9732150 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wearable, point-of-care diagnostics, and biosensors are on the verge of bringing transformative changes in detection, management, and treatment of cancer. Bioinspired materials with new forms and functions have frequently been used, in both translational and commercial spaces, to fabricate such diagnostic platforms. Engineered from organic or inorganic molecules, bioinspired systems are naturally equipped with biorecognition and stimuli-sensitive properties. Mechanisms of action of bioinspired materials are deeply connected with thermodynamically or kinetically controlled self-assembly at the molecular and supramolecular levels. Thus, integration of bioinspired materials into wearable devices, either as triggers or sensors, brings about unique device properties usable for detection, capture, or rapid readout for an analyte of interest. In this review, we present the basic principles and mechanisms of action of diagnostic devices engineered from bioinspired materials, describe current advances, and discuss future trends of the field, particularly in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Shankar Hazra
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Md Rakib Hasan Khan
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Narendra Kale
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, 411057 India
| | - Tabassum Tanha
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Jayant Khandare
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, 411057 India
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwananth Karad MIT World Peace University, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
- School of Consciousness, MIT WPU, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Sabha Ganai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota 58122, United States
- Complex General Surgical Oncology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
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5
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Guo X, Hu F, Zhao S, Yong Z, Zhang Z, Peng N. Immunomagnetic Separation Method Integrated with the Strep-Tag II System for Rapid Enrichment and Mild Release of Exosomes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3569-3576. [PMID: 36661256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are important participants in numerous pathophysiological processes and hold promising application value in cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis. However, the small size (40-160 nm) and high heterogeneity of exosomes make it still challenging to enrich exosomes efficiently from the complex biological fluid microenvironment, which has largely restricted their downstream analysis and clinical application. In this work, we introduced a novel method for rapid isolation and mild release of exosomes from the cell culture supernatant. A Strep-tag II-based immunomagnetic isolation (SIMI) system was constructed by modifying the capture antibodies onto magnetic nanoparticles through specific and reversible recognition between Strep-Tactin and Strep-tag II. Due to their high affinity and binding selectivity, exosomes could be isolated within 38 min with an isolation efficiency of 82.5% and a release efficiency of 62%. Compared with the gold-standard ultracentrifugation, the SIMI system could harvest nearly 59% more exosomes from the 293 T cell culture medium with shorter isolation time and higher purity. In addition, cellular uptake assay indicated that exosomes released from magnetic nanoparticles could maintain their high biological activity. These superior characteristics show that this novel method is a fast, efficient, and nondestructive exosome isolation tool and thus could potentially be further utilized in various exosome-related applications, e.g., disease diagnosis and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoniu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhang Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Sagini K, Urbanelli L, Buratta S, Emiliani C, Llorente A. Lipid Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsies: Novel Opportunities for Cancer Diagnosis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020437. [PMID: 36839759 PMCID: PMC9966160 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is a well-established hallmark of cancer. Although most studies have focused on the metabolism of glucose and glutamine, the upregulation of lipid metabolism is also frequent in cells undergoing oncogenic transformation. In fact, cancer cells need to meet the enhanced demand of plasma membrane synthesis and energy production to support their proliferation. Moreover, lipids are precursors of signaling molecules, termed lipid mediators, which play a role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Recent methodological advances in lipid analysis have prompted studies aimed at investigating the whole lipid content of a sample (lipidome) to unravel the complexity of lipid changes in cancer patient biofluids. This review focuses on the application of mass spectrometry-based lipidomics for the discovery of cancer biomarkers. Here, we have summarized the main lipid alteration in cancer patients' biofluids and uncovered their potential use for the early detection of the disease and treatment selection. We also discuss the advantages of using biofluid-derived extracellular vesicles as a platform for lipid biomarker discovery. These vesicles have a molecular signature that is a fingerprint of their originating cells. Hence, the analysis of their molecular cargo has emerged as a promising strategy for the identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers compared to the analysis of the unprocessed biofluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizia Sagini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-22-78-18-13
| | - Lorena Urbanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CEMIN (Center of Excellence for Innovative Nanostructured Material), University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
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7
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De Sousa KP, Rossi I, Abdullahi M, Ramirez MI, Stratton D, Inal JM. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1835. [PMID: 35898167 PMCID: PMC10078256 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P De Sousa
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Izadora Rossi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mahamed Abdullahi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dan Stratton
- Open University, The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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8
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Resveratrol-loaded macrophage exosomes alleviate multiple sclerosis through targeting microglia. J Control Release 2023; 353:675-684. [PMID: 36521687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite exosome promise as endogenous drug delivery vehicles, the current understanding of exosome may be insufficient to develop their various applications. Here we synthesized five sialic acid analogues with different length N-acyl side chains and screened out the optimal metabolic precursor for exosome labeling via bio-orthogonal click chemistry. In proof-of-principle labeling experiments, exosomes derived from macrophages (RAW-Exo) strongly co-localized with central nervous system (CNS) microglia. Inspired by this discovery, we developed a resveratrol-loaded RAW-Exo formulation (RSV&Exo) for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. Intranasal administration of RSV&Exo significantly inhibited inflammatory responses in the CNS and peripheral system in a mouse model of MS and effectively improved the clinical evolution of MS in vivo. These findings suggested the feasibility and efficacy of engineered RSV&Exo administration for MS, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for CNS diseases.
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9
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Meggiolaro A, Moccia V, Brun P, Pierno M, Mistura G, Zappulli V, Ferraro D. Microfluidic Strategies for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation: Towards Clinical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:bios13010050. [PMID: 36671885 PMCID: PMC9855931 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double-layered lipid membrane vesicles released by cells. Currently, EVs are attracting a lot of attention in the biological and medical fields due to their role as natural carriers of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Thus, they can transport useful genomic information from their parental cell through body fluids, promoting cell-to-cell communication even between different organs. Due to their functionality as cargo carriers and their protein expression, they can play an important role as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various types of diseases, e.g., cancers, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. Today, given the invaluable importance of EVs, there are some pivotal challenges to overcome in terms of their isolation. Conventional methods have some limitations: they are influenced by the starting sample, might present low throughput and low purity, and sometimes a lack of reproducibility, being operator dependent. During the past few years, several microfluidic approaches have been proposed to address these issues. In this review, we summarize the most important microfluidic-based devices for EV isolation, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages compared to existing technology, as well as the current state of the art from the perspective of the use of these devices in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Meggiolaro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Pierno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Mistura
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Davide Ferraro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Chen S, Sun Y, Fan F, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Meng X, Lin JM. Present status of microfluidic PCR chip in nucleic acid detection and future perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Xiang Y, Hu C, Wu G, Xu S, Li Y. Nanomaterial-based microfluidic systems for cancer biomarker detection: Recent applications and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Wang S, He Y, Lu J, Wang Y, Wu X, Yan G, Fang X, Liu B. All-in-One Strategy for Downstream Molecular Profiling of Tumor-Derived Exosomes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36341-36352. [PMID: 35916896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In light of the significance of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and treatment, it is important to understand the components and functions of exosomes. Herein, an all-in-one strategy has been proposed for comprehensive characterization of exosomal proteins based on nanoporous TiO2 clusters acting as both an extractor for exosome isolation and a nanoreactor for downstream molecular profiling. With the improved hydrophilicity and inherent properties of TiO2, exosomes can be captured by a versatile nanodevice through the specific binding and hydrophilicity interaction synergistically. The strong concerted effect between exosomes and nanodevices ensured high efficiency and specificity of exosome isolation with high recovery and low contaminations. Meanwhile, highly efficient downstream proteomic analysis of the purified exosomes was also enabled by the nanoporous TiO2 clusters. Benefiting from the porous structure of the nanodevice, the lysed exosomal proteins are highly concentrated in the nanopore to achieve high-efficiency in situ proteolytic digestion. Therefore, the unique features of the TiO2 clusters ensured that all the complex steps about isolation and analysis of exosomes were completed efficiently in one simple nanodevice. The concept was first proved with exosomes from cell culture medium, where a high number of identified total proteins and protein groups in exosomes were obtained. Taking advantage of these attractive merits, the first example of the integrated platform has been successfully applied to the analysis of exosomes in complex real-case samples. Not only 196 differential protein biomarker candidates were discovered, but also many more significant cellular components and functions related to gastric cancer were found. These results suggest that the nanoporous TiO2 cluster-based all-in-one strategy can serve as a simple, cost-effective, and integrated platform to facilitate comprehensive analysis of exosomes. Such an approach will provide a valuable tool for the study of exosome markers and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoni Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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13
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Gardner L, Kostarelos K, Mallick P, Dive C, Hadjidemetriou M. Nano-omics: nanotechnology-based multidimensional harvesting of the blood-circulating cancerome. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:551-561. [PMID: 35739399 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the development of 'simple' blood tests that enable cancer screening, diagnosis or monitoring and facilitate the design of personalized therapies without the need for invasive tumour biopsy sampling has been a core ambition in cancer research. Data emerging from ongoing biomarker development efforts indicate that multiple markers, used individually or as part of a multimodal panel, are required to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of assays for early stage cancer detection. The discovery of cancer-associated molecular alterations that are reflected in blood at multiple dimensions (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome) and integration of the resultant multi-omics data have the potential to uncover novel biomarkers as well as to further elucidate the underlying molecular pathways. Herein, we review key advances in multi-omics liquid biopsy approaches and introduce the 'nano-omics' paradigm: the development and utilization of nanotechnology tools for the enrichment and subsequent omics analysis of the blood-circulating cancerome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Gardner
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marilena Hadjidemetriou
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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14
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Mousavi SM, Amin Mahdian SM, Ebrahimi MS, Taghizadieh M, Vosough M, Sadri Nahand J, Hosseindoost S, Vousooghi N, Javar HA, Larijani B, Hadjighassem MR, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Microfluidics for detection of exosomes and microRNAs in cancer: State of the art. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:758-791. [PMID: 35664698 PMCID: PMC9130092 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes ranging from 30-150 nanometers that contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA derived from the cells of origin. Exosomes can be taken up by target cells, acting as a means of cell-to-cell communication. The discovery of these vesicles in body fluids and their participation in cell communication has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of several conditions (e.g., cancer). However, conventional isolation and evaluation of exosomes and their microRNA content suffers from high cost, lengthy processes, difficult standardization, low purity, and poor yield. The emergence of microfluidics devices with increased efficiency in sieving, trapping, and immunological separation of small volumes could provide improved detection and monitoring of exosomes involved in cancer. Microfluidics techniques hold promise for advances in development of diagnostic and prognostic devices. This review covers ongoing research on microfluidics devices for detection of microRNAs and exosomes as biomarkers and their translation to point-of-care and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saereh Hosseindoost
- Pain Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Hadjighassem
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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15
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Hua X, Liu X, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Zhou S, Huang P, Li Q, Liu S. Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Chip for Efficient Capture of Secretory Autophagosomes and Sensitive Detection of Their Surface Proteins. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8489-8496. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, Sichuan, China
| | - Sisi Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Puzhen Huang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, Sichuan, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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16
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Recent progress on microfluidic devices with incorporated 1D nanostructures for enhanced extracellular vesicle (EV) separation. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Sun N, Tran BV, Peng Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Yang P, Zhang TX, Widjaja J, Zhang RY, Xia W, Keir A, She J, Yu H, Shyue J, Zhu H, Agopian VG, Pei R, Tomlinson JS, Toretsky JA, Jonas SJ, Federman N, Lu S, Tseng H, Zhu Y. Coupling Lipid Labeling and Click Chemistry Enables Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles for Noninvasive Detection of Oncogenic Gene Alterations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105853. [PMID: 35486030 PMCID: PMC9108594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-preserved molecular cargo in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers an ideal material for detecting oncogenic gene alterations in cancer patients, providing a noninvasive diagnostic solution for detection of disease status and monitoring treatment response. Therefore, technologies that conveniently isolate EVs with sufficient efficiency are desperately needed. Here, a lipid labeling and click chemistry-based EV capture platform ("Click Beads"), which is ideal for EV message ribonucleic acid (mRNA) assays due to its efficient, convenient, and rapid purification of EVs, enabling downstream molecular quantification using reverse transcription digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-dPCR) is described and demonstrated. Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) gene rearrangements and kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation status are detected and quantified using EVs isolated by Click Beads and matched with those identified in biopsy specimens from Ewing sarcoma or pancreatic cancer patients. Moreover, the quantification of gene alterations can be used for monitoring treatment responses and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio InterfaceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Benjamin V. Tran
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Zishan Peng
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of PathologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ceng Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Peng Yang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Tiffany X. Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Josephine Widjaja
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ryan Y. Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Wenxi Xia
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Alexandra Keir
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jia‐Wei She
- Smart Organic Materials LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hsiao‐hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Jing‐Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied SciencesAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of PathologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Vatche G. Agopian
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio InterfaceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - James S. Tomlinson
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Departments of Oncology and PediatricsGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDC20057USA
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California NanoSystems InstituteDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Hsian‐Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
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18
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EGFR signaling pathway as therapeutic target in human cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:253-275. [PMID: 35427766 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) enacts major roles in the maintenance of epithelial tissues. However, when EGFR signaling is altered, it becomes the grand orchestrator of epithelial transformation, and hence one of the most world-wide studied tyrosine kinase receptors involved in neoplasia, in several tissues. In the last decades, EGFR-targeted therapies shaped the new era of precision-oncology. Despite major advances, the dream of converting solid tumors into a chronic disease is still unfulfilled, and long-term remission eludes us. Studies investigating the function of this protein in solid malignancies have revealed numerous ways how tumor cells dysregulate EGFR function. Starting from preclinical models (cell lines, organoids, murine models) and validating in clinical specimens, EGFR-related oncogenic pathways, mechanisms of resistance, and novel avenues to inhibit tumor growth and metastatic spread enriching the therapeutic portfolios, were identified. Focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where EGFR mutations are major players in the adenocarcinoma subtype, we will go over the most relevant discoveries that led us to understand EGFR and beyond, and highlight how they revolutionized cancer treatment by expanding the therapeutic arsenal at our disposal.
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19
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Liu X, Ma L, Yan W, Aazmi A, Fang M, Xu X, Kang H, Xu X. A review of recent progress toward the efficient separation of circulating tumor cells via micro‐/nanostructured microfluidic chips. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Minghe Fang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Hanyue Kang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
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20
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Ma X, Hao Y, Liu L. Progress in Nanomaterials-Based Optical and Electrochemical Methods for the Assays of Exosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7575-7608. [PMID: 34803380 PMCID: PMC8599324 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s333969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes with diameters of 30-150 nm are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. They play an important role in many biological processes, such as tumor-related immune response and intercellular signal transduction. Exosomes have been considered as emerging and noninvasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Recently, a large number of optical and electrochemical biosensors have been proposed for sensitive detection of exosomes. To meet the increasing demands for ultrasensitive detection, nanomaterials have been integrated with various techniques as powerful components. Because of their intrinsic merits of biological compatibility, excellent physicochemical features and unique catalytic ability, nanomaterials have significantly improved the analytical performances of exosome biosensors. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in nanomaterials-based biosensors for the detection of cancer-derived exosomes, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Abhange K, Makler A, Wen Y, Ramnauth N, Mao W, Asghar W, Wan Y. Small extracellular vesicles in cancer. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3705-3743. [PMID: 33898874 PMCID: PMC8056276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid-bilayer enclosed vesicles in submicron size that are released from cells. A variety of molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNAs, lipids, and metabolites can be selectively encapsulated into EVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells. In tumors, through such intercellular communication, EVs can regulate initiation, growth, metastasis and invasion of tumors. Recent studies have found that EVs exhibit specific expression patterns which mimic the parental cell, providing a fingerprint for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as monitoring responses to treatment. Accordingly, various EV isolation and detection technologies have been developed for research and diagnostic purposes. Moreover, natural and engineered EVs have also been used as drug delivery nanocarriers, cancer vaccines, cell surface modulators, therapeutic agents and therapeutic targets. Overall, EVs are under intense investigation as they hold promise for pathophysiological and translational discoveries. This comprehensive review examines the latest EV research trends over the last five years, encompassing their roles in cancer pathophysiology, diagnostics and therapeutics. This review aims to examine the full spectrum of tumor-EV studies and provide a comprehensive foundation to enhance the field. The topics which are discussed and scrutinized in this review encompass isolation techniques and how these issues need to be overcome for EV-based diagnostics, EVs and their roles in cancer biology, biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring, EVs as vaccines, therapeutic targets, and EVs as drug delivery systems. We will also examine the challenges involved in EV research and promote a framework for catalyzing scientific discovery and innovation for tumor-EV-focused research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Abhange
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Amy Makler
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yi Wen
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Natasha Ramnauth
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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22
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Purcell E, Owen S, Prantzalos E, Radomski A, Carman N, Lo TW, Zeinali M, Subramanian C, Ramnath N, Nagrath S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations Carried in Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Cargo Mirror Disease Status in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:724389. [PMID: 34692681 PMCID: PMC8526851 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.724389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), identifying the presence of sensitizing and resistance epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations dictates treatment plans. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as abundant, stable potential liquid biopsy targets that offer the potential to quantify EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients at the RNA and protein level at multiple points through treatment. In this study, we present a systematic approach for serial mutation profiling of 34 EV samples from 10 metastatic NSCLC patients with known EGFR mutations through treatment. Using western blot and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), sensitizing (exon 19 deletion, L858R) mutations were detected in EV-Protein, and both sensitizing and resistance (T790M) mutations were quantified in EV-RNA. EGFR mutations were detected in EV-Protein from four patients at multiple time points through treatment. Using EV-RNA, tumor biopsy matched sensitizing mutations were detected in 90% of patients and resistance mutations in 100% of patients. Finally, mutation burden in EV-RNA at each time point was compared to disease status, described as either stable or progressing. For 6/7 patients who were longitudinally monitored through treatment, EV mutation burden mirrored clinical trajectory. When comparing mutation detection between EV-RNA and ctDNA using ddPCR, EVs had a better detection rate for exon 19 deletions and the L858R point mutation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that integrating EV analysis into liquid biopsy mutation screening has the potential to advance beyond the current standard of care "rule in" test. The multi-analyte testing allows future integration of EGFR mutation monitoring with additional EV-markers for a comprehensive patient monitoring biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Purcell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Owen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily Prantzalos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Abigail Radomski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nayri Carman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ting-Wen Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mina Zeinali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nithya Ramnath
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Sunitha Nagrath,
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23
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Min L, Wang B, Bao H, Li X, Zhao L, Meng J, Wang S. Advanced Nanotechnologies for Extracellular Vesicle-Based Liquid Biopsy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102789. [PMID: 34463056 PMCID: PMC8529441 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a new source of biomarkers in liquid biopsy because of their wide presence in most body fluids and their ability to load cargoes from disease-related cells. Owing to the crucial role of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment, significant efforts have been made to isolate, detect, and analyze EVs with high efficiency. A recent overview of advanced EV detection nanotechnologies is discussed here. First, several key challenges in EV-based liquid biopsies are introduced. Then, the related pivotal advances in nanotechnologies for EV isolation based on physical features, chemical affinity, and the combination of nanostructures and chemical affinity are summarized. Next, a summary of high-sensitivity sensors for EV detection and advanced approaches for single EV detection are provided. Later, EV analysis is introduced in practical clinical scenarios, and the application of machine learning in this field is highlighted. Finally, future opportunities for the development of next-generation nanotechnologies for EV detection are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseasesBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Binshuai Wang
- Department of UrologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Han Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of UrologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Echo Biotech Co., Ltd.Beijing102206P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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24
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Cheng S, Li Y, Yan H, Wen Y, Zhou X, Friedman L, Zeng Y. Advances in microfluidic extracellular vesicle analysis for cancer diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3219-3243. [PMID: 34352059 PMCID: PMC8387453 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00443c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells into the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, including exosomes, have been demonstrated to be a class of significant messengers that mediate intercellular communications. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in a selective set of biomolecules from original cells, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and thus offer a new perspective of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Owing to the heterogeneity of their biogenesis, physical properties, and molecular constituents, isolation and molecular characterization of EVs remain highly challenging. Microfluidics provides a disruptive platform for EV isolation and analysis owing to its inherent advantages to promote the development of new molecular and cellular sensing systems with improved sensitivity, specificity, spatial and temporal resolution, and throughput. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art advances in the development of microfluidic principles and devices for EV isolation and biophysical or biochemical characterization, in comparison to the conventional counterparts. We will also survey the progress in adapting the new microfluidic techniques to assess the emerging EV-associated biomarkers, mostly focused on proteins and nucleic acids, for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Lastly, we will discuss the current challenges in the field of EV research and our outlook on future development of enabling microfluidic platforms for EV-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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25
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He X, Ma Y, Xie H, Rao G, Yang Z, Zhang J, Feng Z. Biomimetic Nanostructure Platform for Cancer Diagnosis Based on Tumor Biomarkers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:687664. [PMID: 34336803 PMCID: PMC8320534 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.687664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery and its clinical use have attracted considerable attention since early cancer diagnosis can significantly decrease mortality. Cancer biomarkers include a wide range of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, sugars, and cytogenetic substances present in human biofluids. Except for free-circulating biomarkers, tumor-extracellular vesicles (tEVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. Considering the potential of tumor biomarkers in clinical settings, several bioinspired detection systems based on nanotechnologies are in the spotlight for detection. However, tremendous challenges remain in detection because of massive contamination, unstable signal-to-noise ratios due to heterogeneity, nonspecific bindings, or a lack of efficient amplification. To date, many approaches are under development to improve the sensitivity and specificity of tumor biomarker isolation and detection. Particularly, the exploration of natural materials in biological frames has encouraged researchers to develop new bioinspired and biomimetic nanostructures, which can mimic the natural processes to facilitate biomarker capture and detection in clinical settings. These platforms have substantial influence in biomedical applications, owing to their capture ability, significant contrast increase, high sensitivity, and specificity. In this review, we first describe the potential of tumor biomarkers in a liquid biopsy and then provide an overview of the progress of biomimetic nanostructure platforms to isolate and detect tumor biomarkers, including in vitro and in vivo studies. Capture efficiency, scale, amplification, sensitivity, and specificity are the criteria that will be further discussed for evaluating the capability of platforms. Bioinspired and biomimetic systems appear to have a bright future to settle obstacles encountered in tumor biomarker detection, thus enhancing effective cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Haotian Xie
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gaofeng Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhong Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
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26
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Singh K, Nalabotala R, Koo KM, Bose S, Nayak R, Shiddiky MJA. Separation of distinct exosome subpopulations: isolation and characterization approaches and their associated challenges. Analyst 2021; 146:3731-3749. [PMID: 33988193 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that serve as a communications system between cells and have shown tremendous promise as liquid biopsy biomarkers in diagnostic, prognostic, and even therapeutic use in different human diseases. Due to the natural heterogeneity of exosomes, there is a need to separate exosomes into distinct biophysical and/or biochemical subpopulations to enable full interrogation of exosome biology and function prior to the possibility of clinical translation. Currently, there exists a multitude of different exosome isolation and characterization approaches which can, in limited capacity, separate exosomes based on biophysical and/or biochemical characteristics. While notable reviews in recent years have reviewed these approaches for bulk exosome sorting, we herein present a comprehensive overview of various conventional technologies and modern microfluidic and nanotechnological advancements towards isolation and characterization of exosome subpopulations. The benefits and limitations of these different technologies to improve their use for distinct exosome subpopulations in clinical practices are also discussed. Furthermore, an overview of the most commonly encountered technical and biological challenges for effective separation of exosome subpopulations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Singh
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, UP, India.
| | - Ruchika Nalabotala
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, UP, India.
| | - Kevin M Koo
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Sudeep Bose
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, UP, India
| | - Ranu Nayak
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, UP, India.
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Natural Sciences and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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27
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Tatischeff I. Current Search through Liquid Biopsy of Effective Biomarkers for Early Cancer Diagnosis into the Rich Cargoes of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115674. [PMID: 34073560 PMCID: PMC8199101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There exist many different human cancers, but regardless of the cancer type, an early diagnosis is a necessary condition for further optimal outcomes from the disease. Therefore, efficient specific and sensitive cancer biomarkers are urgently needed. This is especially true for the cancers depicting a silent progression, and those only diagnosed in an already metastatic state with a poor survival prognostic. After a rapid overview of the previous methods for cancer diagnosis, the outstanding characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) will be presented, as new interesting candidates for early cancer diagnosis in human biofluid non-invasive liquid biopsy. The present review aims to give the state-of-the-art of the numerous searches of efficient EV-mediated cancer diagnosis. The corresponding literature quest was performed by means of an original approach, using a powerful Expernova Questel big data platform, which was specifically adapted for a literature search on EVs. The chosen collected scientific papers are presented in two parts, the first one drawing up a picture of the current general status of EV-mediated cancer diagnosis and the second one showing recent applications of such EV-mediated diagnosis for six important human-specific cancers, i.e., lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, ovary and pancreatic cancers. However, the promising perspective of finally succeeding in the worldwide quest for the much-needed early cancer diagnosis has to be moderated by the many remaining challenges left to solve before achieving the efficient clinical translation of the constantly increasing scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Tatischeff
- Honorary CNRS and UPMC Research Director, Founder of RevInterCell, a Scientific Consulting Service, 91400 Orsay, France
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28
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Mahhengam N, Fahem Ghetran Khazaali A, Aravindhan S, Olegovna Zekiy A, Melnikova L, Siahmansouri H. Applications of Microfluidic Devices in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: A Review Study. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1863-1877. [PMID: 34024197 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1922870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer-related deaths are reported annually due to a lack of appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies. Microfluidic technology, as new creativity has a great impact on automation and miniaturization via handling a small volume of materials and samples (in microliter to femtoliter range) to set up the system. Microfluidic devices not only detect various cancer-diagnostic factors from biological fluids but also can produce proper nanoparticles for drug delivery. With the contribution of microfluidics; multiple treatments for cancer such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and gene delivery can be implemented and studied. Hence, Microfluidics can be worth for the cancer field because of its high Throughput, high sensitivity, less material use, and low expense. In this review study, we intend to look at positive microfluidics prospects, features, benefits, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negah Mahhengam
- Faculty of General Medicine, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Surendar Aravindhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lyubov Melnikova
- Business Analysis Department, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Kim W, Park J, Kim W, Jo S, Kim M, Kim C, Park H, Bang D, Lee W, Park J. Bio-inspired Ag nanovilli-based sandwich-type SERS aptasensor for ultrasensitive and selective detection of 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113341. [PMID: 34044348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been identified as an essential biomarker for various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, many reports have demonstrated a potential link between vitamin D and systemic infections, including coronavirus disease 2019. The villi of the small intestine increase the surface area of the intestinal walls, demonstrating exceptionally efficient absorption of nutrients in the lumen and adding digestive secretions. In this study, based on the villi structure, we developed a bio-inspired silver nanovilli-based sandwich-type surface enhanced Raman scattering aptasensor for the ultrasensitive and selective detection of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3. The densely packed nanovilli structure enhanced the Raman signal, forming hotspots owing to its large surface area. Using experiments and electromagnetic simulations, we optimized the nanovilli structure as a SERS sensor. The sandwich-type aptasensor was designed using an aptamer and 4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione-methylene blue complex. The nanovilli-based aptasensor could sensitively detect various concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, ranging from those found in deficient to excess conditions. The detection limit of the nanovilli-based sandwich-type aptasensor for 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was 0.001 ng/mL, which is much lower than the deficiency concentration, and was detectable even in the human serum. In addition, our proposed sensor exhibited good repeatability (17.76%) and reproducibility (7.47%). Moreover, the nanovilli-based sandwich-type SERS aptasensor could selectively distinguish 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 from other vitamins. The silver nanovilli-based sandwich-type surface enhanced Raman scattering aptasensor opens a new avenue for the development of a bio-inspired vitamin-sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woochang Kim
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea
| | - Joohyung Park
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea
| | - Seongjae Jo
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea; Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea
| | - Chihyun Kim
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea
| | - Doyeon Bang
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju, 61011, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea; Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, South Korea.
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea.
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30
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Han Z, Liu J, Liu Z, Pan W, Yang Y, Chen X, Gao Y, Duan X. Resistive pulse sensing device with embedded nanochannel (nanochannel-RPS) for label-free biomolecule and bionanoparticle analysis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:295507. [PMID: 33823494 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an IC-compatible method for fabricating a PDMS-based resistive pulse sensing (RPS) device with embedded nanochannel (nanochannel-RPS) for label-free analysis of biomolecules and bionanoparticles, such as plasmid DNAs and exosomes. Here, a multilayer lithography process was proposed to fabricate the PDMS mold for the microfluidic device, comprising a bridging nanochannel, as the sensing gate. RPS was performed by placing the sensing and excitation electrodes symmetrically upstream and downstream of the sensing gate. In order to reduce the noise level, a reference electrode was designed and placed beside the excitation electrode. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed nanochannel-RPS device and sensing system, polystyrene micro- and nanoparticles with diameters of 1μm and 300 nm were tested by the proposed device with signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) ranging from 9.1-30.5 and 2.2-5.9, respectively. Furthermore, a nanochannel with height of 300 nm was applied for 4 kb plasmid DNA detection, implying the potential of the proposed method for label-free quantification of nanoscale biomolecules. Moreover, HeLa cell exosomes, known as a well-studied subtype of extracellular vesicles, were measured and analyzed by their size distribution. The result of the resistive pulse amplitude corresponded well to that of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The proposed nanochannel-RPS device and the sensing strategy are not only capable of label-free analysis for nanoscale biomolecules and bionanoparticles, but are also cost-effective for large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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31
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Xue VW, Yang C, Wong SCC, Cho WCS. Proteomic profiling in extracellular vesicles for cancer detection and monitoring. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000094. [PMID: 33665903 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-size lipid vesicles released by cells, which play essential biological functions in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs participate in cancer development, including invasion, migration, metastasis, and cancer immune modulation. One of the key mechanisms is that EVs affect different cells in the tumor microenvironment through surface-anchor proteins and protein cargos. Moreover, proteins specifically expressed in tumor-derived EVs can be applied in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Besides, the EV proteome also helps to understand drug resistance in cancers and to guide clinical medication. With the development of mass spectrometry and array-based multi-protein detection, the research of EV proteomics has entered a new era. The high-throughput parallel proteomic profiling based on these new platforms allows us to study the impact of EV proteome on cancer progression more comprehensively and to describe the proteomic landscape in cancers with more details. In this article, we review the role and function of different types of EVs in cancer progression. More importantly, we summarize the proteomic profiling of EVs based on different methods and the application of EV proteome in cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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32
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Dong J, Zhang RY, Sun N, Hu J, Smalley MD, Zhou A, Yue H, Rothermich W, Chen M, Chen J, Ye J, Teng PC, Qi D, Toretsky JA, Tomlinson JS, Li M, Weiss PS, Jonas SJ, Federman N, Wu L, Zhao M, Tseng HR, Zhu Y. Coupling Nanostructured Microchips with Covalent Chemistry Enables Purification of Sarcoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Downstream Functional Studies. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2003237. [PMID: 34220409 PMCID: PMC8248519 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202003237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in intercellular communication during tumor growth and metastatic evolution. Currently, little is known about the possible roles of tumor-derived EVs in sarcoma because the lack of specific surface markers makes it technically challenging to purify sarcoma-derived EVs. In this study, a specific purification system is developed for Ewing sarcoma (ES)-derived EVs by coupling covalent chemistry-mediated EV capture/ release within a nanostructure-embedded microchip. The purification platform-ES-EV Click Chip-takes advantage of specific anti-LINGO-1 recognition and sensitive click chemistry-mediated EV capture, followed by disulfide cleavage-driven EV release. Since the device is capable of specific and efficient purification of intact ES EVs with high purity, ES-EV Click Chip is ideal for conducting downstream functional studies of ES EVs. Absolute quantification of the molecular hallmark of ES (i.e., EWS rearrangements) using reverse transcription Droplet Digital PCR enables specific quantification of ES EVs. The purified ES EVs can be internalized by recipient cells and transfer their mRNA cargoes, exhibiting their biological intactness and potential role as biological shuttles in intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Dong
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ryan Y Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Na Sun
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA 650 Charles E Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew D Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anqi Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hua Yue
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Winston Rothermich
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mengxiang Chen
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiayuan Chen
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jinglei Ye
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pai-Chi Teng
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dongping Qi
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics Georgetown University 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - James S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery UCLA 200 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 202 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering UCLA 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven J Jonas
- Department of Pediatrics Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of Pediatrics Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA 650 Charles E Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 202 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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33
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Zhou S, Hu T, Han G, Wu Y, Hua X, Su J, Jin W, Mou Y, Mou X, Li Q, Liu S. Accurate Cancer Diagnosis and Stage Monitoring Enabled by Comprehensive Profiling of Different Types of Exosomal Biomarkers: Surface Proteins and miRNAs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004492. [PMID: 33174389 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are recognized as promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis owing to a large amount of biological information they carried. But the key is that single type of exosomal biomarker analysis is not sufficient enough for accurate cancer diagnosis and stage monitoring due to the insufficient information and high false positive signal. To address the challenge, here simultaneous in situ detection of different types of exosomal biomarkers (surface proteins: CD81, ephrin type-A receptor 2, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9; miRNAs: miR-451a, miR-21, and miR-10b) is conducted with a 3D microfluidic chip, which works in conjunction with quantum dot (QD) labeling and vesicle fusion technology. After exosomes are efficiently captured by the microfluidic chip, the quantification of multiple exosomal proteins is achieved by using three kinds of QDs with the same excitation and different emission wavelengths, and virus-mimicking fusogenic vesicles encapsulating three exquisitely engineered molecular beacons are introduced for ultrasensitive detection of multiple exosomal miRNAs without requiring RNA extraction. Through comprehensive profiling different types of exosomal biomarkers, the false positive rate is substantially avoided and the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and stage monitoring is improved to ≈100%, which are critical to cancer effective treatment and favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Gaohua Han
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Juan Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610068, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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Xing Y, Cheng Z, Wang R, Lv C, James TD, Yu F. Analysis of extracellular vesicles as emerging theranostic nanoplatforms. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Frawley T, Piskareva O. Extracellular Vesicle Dissemination of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Ligands and Its Role in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113200. [PMID: 33143170 PMCID: PMC7693808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Overexpression of the transmembrane protein, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), drives tumour progression in several cancers including breast, lung, glioblastoma and head and neck cancers. In recent years, it has been shown that tumour cells can transfer EGFR to other tumour cells and non-tumour cells using extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nano-sized vesicles secreted by cells and contain protein, RNA and DNA. The function of EVs is to send messages between cells which occurs in both healthy and diseased states. In this review, we will discuss how the transfer of EGFR and EGFR ligands by EVs in cancer can promote metastases, the formation of new tumour blood vessels and decrease the anti-tumour activity of immune cells. We will also discuss how EGFR contained in EVs can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic marker of cancer, and finally, how EVs can be re-engineered to promote targeting to EGFR expressing tumours. Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway functions through the autocrine or paracrine activation of cellular EGFR by a number of transmembrane ligands. Amplified or mutant EGFR can lead to tumour formation due to increased cell proliferation, growth, migration and survival signals. These oncogenic effects were thought to be confined to aberrant cells hosting genetic alterations in EGFR. However, in the past decade, numerous studies identified that tumour cells could harness extracellular vesicles (EVs) to disseminate EGFR, mutant EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR and EGFR ligands to local and distant cells. This functions to impart a pro-tumourigenic phenotype in recipient cells. EVs play an essential role in intracellular communication, through receptor signalling or the release of their intra-vesicular content into recipient cells. This review will discuss the role of EVs delivering EGFR or EGFR ligands either to or from tumour cells and how this can promote metastases, pre-metastatic niche formation, osteoclastogenesis, angiogenesis and immune modulation in cancer. We will examine how circulating EVs positive for EGFR may be exploited as diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic markers in cancers including breast, lung, glioblastoma, ovarian and prostate. Finally, we will explore recent breakthroughs in bio-engineering EVs with EGFR targeting abilities for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frawley
- Cancer Bio-Engineering Group, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, D12 8MGH Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (O.P.); Tel.: +353-1-402-2123 (O.P.); Fax: +353-1-402-2453 (O.P.)
| | - Olga Piskareva
- Cancer Bio-Engineering Group, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, D12 8MGH Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 8QV2 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 8PVW Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (O.P.); Tel.: +353-1-402-2123 (O.P.); Fax: +353-1-402-2453 (O.P.)
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Garcia-Cordero JL, Maerkl SJ. Microfluidic systems for cancer diagnostics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Smith R, Geary SM, Salem AK. Silicon Nanowires and their Impact on Cancer Detection and Monitoring. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8522-8536. [PMID: 36733606 PMCID: PMC9891666 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of silicon nanowires (SINWs)-based biosensors in 2001, SINWs employed in various detection schemes have routinely demonstrated label-free, real-time, sub femtomolar detection of both protein and nucleic acid analytes. This has allowed SiNW-based biosensors to integrate into the field of cancer detection and cancer monitoring and thus have the potential to be a paradigm shift in how cancer biomarkers are detected and monitored. Combining this with several promising fields such as liquid biopsies and targeted oncology, SiNW based biosensors represents an opportunity for cancer monitoring and treatment to be a more dynamic process. Such advances provide clinicians with more information on the molecular landscape of cancer patients which can better inform cancer treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheid Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Sean M Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Purification of HCC-specific extracellular vesicles on nanosubstrates for early HCC detection by digital scoring. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4489. [PMID: 32895384 PMCID: PMC7477161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a covalent chemistry-based hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific extracellular vesicle (EV) purification system for early detection of HCC by performing digital scoring on the purified EVs. Earlier detection of HCC creates more opportunities for curative therapeutic interventions. EVs are present in circulation at relatively early stages of disease, providing potential opportunities for HCC early detection. We develop an HCC EV purification system (i.e., EV Click Chips) by synergistically integrating covalent chemistry-mediated EV capture/release, multimarker antibody cocktails, nanostructured substrates, and microfluidic chaotic mixers. We then explore the translational potential of EV Click Chips using 158 plasma samples of HCC patients and control cohorts. The purified HCC EVs are subjected to reverse-transcription droplet digital PCR for quantification of 10 HCC-specific mRNA markers and computation of digital scoring. The HCC EV-derived molecular signatures exhibit great potential for noninvasive early detection of HCC from at-risk cirrhotic patients with an area under receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.00; sensitivity = 94.4%, specificity = 88.5%). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in circulation at relatively early stages of disease, providing potential opportunities for early cancer diagnosis. Here, the authors report a covalent chemistry-based hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific EV purification system for early detection of HCC by performing digital scoring on the purified EVs.
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MicroRNAs from Liquid Biopsy Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Recent Advances in Detection and Characterization Methods. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082009. [PMID: 32707943 PMCID: PMC7465219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have become a convenient tool in cancer diagnostics, real-time disease monitoring, and evaluation of residual disease. Yet, the information still encrypted in the variety of tumor-derived molecules identified in biofluids has proven difficult to decipher due to the technological limitations imposed by their biological nature. Such is the case of extracellular vesicle (EV) encapsulated ncRNAs, which have gained traction in recent years as biomarkers. Due to their resilience towards degrading factors they may act as suitable disease indicators. This review addresses the less described issues in this context. We present an overview of less investigated biofluids that can be used for EV isolation in addition to different isolation approaches to overcome the technical challenges these specimens harbor. Furthermore, we summarize the latest technological advances providing improvement to ncRNA detection and analysis. Thereby, this review summarizes the current state-of-the-art methodologies regarding EV and EV derived miRNA analysis and how they compare to current approaches.
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40
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Zhu L, Xu N, Zhang ZL, Zhang TC. Cell derived extracellular vesicles: from isolation to functionalization and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:3552-3565. [PMID: 31313767 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from most mammalian cells by different processes. EVs possess several distinct advantages, including excellent biocompatibility, good bio-stability and low immunogenicity. Moreover, they play significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Challenges in EV research mainly concern highly efficient isolation, specific membrane surface engineering and further development of EV applications in biomedical fields. In this review, we summarize the recent and representative research regarding isolation, engineering and biomedical applications of EVs, which represent important research focus areas. These three aspects have not ever been systematically classified and summarized in previous reviews. Finally, we give our insights into the key issues concerning EVs and their future development for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Dong J, Chen JF, Smalley M, Zhao M, Ke Z, Zhu Y, Tseng HR. Nanostructured Substrates for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Rare Cells: From Materials Research to Clinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903663. [PMID: 31566837 PMCID: PMC6946854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating rare cells in the blood are of great significance for both materials research and clinical applications. For example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated as useful biomarkers for "liquid biopsy" of the tumor. Circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) have shown potential in noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. However, it is technically challenging to detect and isolate circulating rare cells due to their extremely low abundance compared to hematologic cells. Nanostructured substrates offer a unique solution to address these challenges by providing local topographic interactions to strengthen cell adhesion and large surface areas for grafting capture agents, resulting in improved cell capture efficiency, purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In addition, rare-cell retrieval strategies, including stimulus-responsiveness and additive reagent-triggered release on different nanostructured substrates, allow for on-demand retrieval of the captured CTCs/CFNCs with high cell viability and molecular integrity. Several nanostructured substrate-enabled CTC/CFNC assays are observed maturing from enumeration and subclassification to molecular analyses. These can one day become powerful tools in disease diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response-paving the way for personalized medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Dong
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Vasconcelos MH, Caires HR, Ābols A, Xavier CPR, Linē A. Extracellular vesicles as a novel source of biomarkers in liquid biopsies for monitoring cancer progression and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 47:100647. [PMID: 31704541 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been detected in the bloodstream and other biofluids of cancer patients. They carry various tumor-derived molecules such as mutated DNA and RNA fragments, oncoproteins as well as miRNA and protein signatures associated with various phenotypes. The molecular cargo of EVs partially reflects the intracellular status of their cellular origin, however various sorting mechanisms lead to the enrichment or depletion of EVs in specific nucleic acids, proteins or lipids. It is becoming increasingly clear that cancer-derived EVs act in a paracrine and systemic manner to promote cancer progression by transferring aggressive phenotypic traits and drug-resistant phenotypes to other cancer cells, modulating the anti-tumor immune response, as well as contributing to remodeling the tumor microenvironment and formation of pre-metastatic niches. These findings have raised the idea that cancer-derived EVs may serve as analytes in liquid biopsies for real-time monitoring of tumor burden and drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized recent longitudinal clinical studies describing promising EV-associated biomarkers for cancer progression and tracking cancer evolution as well as pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the relevance of EVs for monitoring the emergence or progression of drug resistance. Furthermore, we outlined the state-of-the-art in the development and commercialization of EV-based biomarkers and discussed the scientific and technological challenges that need to be met in order to translate EV research into clinically applicable tools for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R Caires
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artūrs Ābols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
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Lu J, Pang J, Chen Y, Dong Q, Sheng J, Luo Y, Lu Y, Lin B, Liu T. Application of Microfluidic Chips in Separation and Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles in Liquid Biopsy for Cancer. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060390. [PMID: 31212643 PMCID: PMC6630239 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are becoming a promising biomarker in liquid biopsy of cancer. Separation EV from cell culture medium or biofluids with high purity and quality remains a technique challenge. EV manipulation techniques based on microfluidics have been developed in the last decade. Microfluidic-based EV separation techniques developed so far can be classified into two categories: surface biomarker-dependent and size-dependent approaches. Microfluidic techniques allow the integration of EV separation and analysis on a single chip. Integrated EV separation and on-chip analysis have shown great potential in cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment of responses. In this review, we discuss the development of microfluidic chips for EV separation and analysis. We also detail the clinical application of these microfluidic chips in the liquid biopsy of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jiushen Pang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Qi Dong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jiahao Sheng
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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