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Li Y, Veronica A, Ma J, Nyein HYY. Materials, Structure, and Interface of Stretchable Interconnects for Wearable Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2408456. [PMID: 39139019 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Since wearable technologies for telemedicine have emerged to tackle global health concerns, the demand for well-attested wearable healthcare devices with high user comfort also arises. Skin-wearables for health monitoring require mechanical flexibility and stretchability for not only high compatibility with the skin's dynamic nature but also a robust collection of fine health signals from within. Stretchable electrical interconnects, which determine the device's overall integrity, are one of the fundamental units being understated in wearable bioelectronics. In this review, a broad class of materials and engineering methodologies recently researched and developed are presented, and their respective attributes, limitations, and opportunities in designing stretchable interconnects for wearable bioelectronics are offered. Specifically, the electrical and mechanical characteristics of various materials (metals, polymers, carbons, and their composites) are highlighted, along with their compatibility with diverse geometric configurations. Detailed insights into fabrication techniques that are compatible with soft substrates are also provided. Importantly, successful examples of establishing reliable interfacial connections between soft and rigid elements using novel interconnects are reviewed. Lastly, some perspectives and prospects of remaining research challenges and potential pathways for practical utilization of interconnects in wearables are laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 00000, China
| | - Asmita Veronica
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 00000, China
| | - Jiahao Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 00000, China
| | - Hnin Yin Yin Nyein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 00000, China
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2
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Wang S, Zhou Z, Goulas A, Critchlow GW, Whalley DC, Hutt DA. The Role of Self-Assembled Monolayers in the Surface Modification and Interfacial Contact of Copper Fillers in Electrically Conductive Adhesives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1846-1860. [PMID: 38113398 PMCID: PMC10788863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Printing of electrical circuits and interconnects using isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) is of great interest due to their low-temperature processing and compatibility with substrates for applications in sensors, healthcare, and flexible devices. As a lower cost alternative to silver (Ag), copper (Cu)-filled ICAs are desirable but limited by the formation of high-resistivity Cu surface oxides. To overcome this limitation, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of octadecanethiol (ODT) have been demonstrated to reduce the oxidation of micrometer-scale Cu powder particles for use in ICAs. However, the deposition and function of the SAM require further investigation, as described in this paper. As part of this work, the stages of the SAM deposition process, which included etching with hydrochloric acid to remove pre-existing oxides, were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which showed low levels of subsequent Cu oxidation when ODT coated. The treated Cu powders were combined with one- or two-part epoxy resins to make Cu-ICAs, and the effect of the Cu surface condition and weight loading on electrical conductivity was examined. When thermally cured in an inert argon atmosphere, ICAs filled with Cu protected by ODT achieved electrical conductivity up to 20 × 105 S·m-1, comparable to Ag-ICAs, and were used to make a functional circuit. To understand the function of the SAM in these Cu-ICAs, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the internal micro- and nano-structures along with the elemental distribution at the interfaces within sections taken from cured samples. Sulfur (S), indicative of the ODT, was still detected at the internal polymer-metal interface after curing, and particle-to-particle contacts were also examined. XPS also identified S on the surface of cured Cu-ICAs even after thermal treatment. Based on the observations, electrical contact and conduction mechanisms for these Cu-filled ICAs are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanda Wang
- Wolfson
School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Zhaoxia Zhou
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Athanasios Goulas
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Gary W. Critchlow
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - David C. Whalley
- Wolfson
School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - David A. Hutt
- Wolfson
School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K.
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3
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Jiang Y, Ran Z, Wu Y, Zhang M, Ma Y, Zhang D. Reversible fluorescent adhesives based on covalent adaptable networks with dynamic AIE crosslinking: in situ visualization of adhesion capability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12423-12426. [PMID: 37755140 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A new family of reversible fluorescent adhesives based on Diels-Alder covalent adaptable networks with dynamic AIE crosslinks was developed. The accurate intrinsic correlation between the emission behavior, cross-linking state, and adhesion capability can be established, enabling the in situ visualization of adhesion capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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4
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A Renewable Lignin-based Thermoplastic Adhesive for Steel Joining. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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5
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Lv J, Thangavel G, Lee PS. Reliability of printed stretchable electronics based on nano/micro materials for practical applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:434-449. [PMID: 36515001 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the booming development of stretchable electronics based on nano/micro composite inks. Printing is a scalable, low-cost, and high-efficiency fabrication tool to realize stretchable electronics through additive processes. However, compared with conventional flexible electronics, stretchable electronics need to experience more severe mechanical deformation which may cause destructive damage. Most of the reported works in this field mainly focus on how to achieve a high stretchability of nano/micro composite conductors or single working modules/devices, with limited attention given to the reliability for practical applications. In this minireview, we summarized the failure modes when printing stretchable electronics using nano/micro composite ink, including dysfunction of the stretchable interconnects, the stress-concentrated rigid-soft interfaces for hybrid electronics, the vulnerable vias upon stretching, thermal accumulation, and environmental instability of stretchable materials. Strategies for tackling these challenges to realize reliable performances are proposed and discussed. Our review provides an overview on the importance of reliable, printable, and stretchable electronics, which are the key enablers in propelling stretchable electronics from fancy demos to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Gurunathan Thangavel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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6
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Cai S, Cao G, Chen Y, Zhang H, Jiang C, Tian Y. High-performance electrically conductive adhesives with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) for various flexible electronic devices. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Boncel S, Jędrysiak RG, Czerw M, Kolanowska A, Blacha AW, Imielski M, Jóźwiak B, Dzida MH, Greer HF, Sobotnicki A. Paintable Carbon Nanotube Coating-Based Textronics for Sustained Holter-Type Electrocardiography. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:15762-15774. [PMID: 36338322 PMCID: PMC9623549 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c03904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing population suffering from or at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases can benefit from rapid, precise, and readily available diagnostics. Textronics is an interdisciplinary approach for designing and manufacturing high-performance flexible electronics integrated with textiles for various applications, with electrocardiography (ECG) being the most convenient and most frequently used diagnostic technique for textronic solutions. The key challenges that still exist for textronics include expedient manufacturing, adaptation to human subjects, sustained operational stability for Holter-type data acquisition, reproducibility, and compatibility with existing solutions. The present study demonstrates conveniently paintable ECG electroconductive coatings on T-shirts woven from polyester or 70% polyamide and 30% polyester. The up to 600-μm-thick coatings encompass working electrodes of low resistivity 60 Ω sq-1 sheathed in the insulated pathways-conjugable with a wireless, multichannel ECG recorder. Long (800 μm) multiwalled carbon nanotubes, with scalable reproducibility and purity (18 g per round of synthesis), constituted the electroactive components and were embedded into a commercially available screen-printing acrylic base. The resulting paint had a viscosity of 0.75 Pa·s at 56 s-1 and 25 °C and was conveniently applied using a paintbrush, making this technique accessible to manufacturers. The amplified and nondigitally processed ECG signals were recorded under dry-skin conditions using a certified ECG recorder. The system enabled the collection of ECG signals from two channels, allowing the acquisition of cardiac electrical activity on six ECG leads with quality at par with medical diagnostics. Importantly, the Holter-type ECG allowed ambulatory recording for >24 h under various activities (sitting, sleeping, walking, and running) in three male participants. The ECG signal was stable for >5 cycles of washing, a level of stability not reported yet previously. The developed ECG-textronic application possesses acceptable and reproducible characteristics, making this technology a suitable candidate for further testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Boncel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafał G. Jędrysiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Czerw
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Roosevelta 118, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Kolanowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology
Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna W. Blacha
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Imielski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bertrand Jóźwiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marzena H. Dzida
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Heather F. Greer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Aleksander Sobotnicki
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Roosevelta 118, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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8
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Cho H, Lee B, Jang D, Yoon J, Chung S, Hong Y. Recent progress in strain-engineered elastic platforms for stretchable thin-film devices. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2053-2075. [PMID: 35703019 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strain-engineered elastic platforms that can efficiently distribute mechanical stress under deformation offer adjustable mechanical compliance for stretchable electronic systems. By fully exploiting strain-free regions that are favourable for fabricating thin-film devices and interconnecting with reliably stretchable conductors, various electronic systems can be integrated onto stretchable platforms with the assistance of strain engineering strategies. Over the last decade, applications of multifunctional stretchable thin-film devices simultaneously exhibiting superior electrical and mechanical performance have been demonstrated, shedding light on the realization of further reliable human-machine interfaces. This review highlights recent developments in enabling technologies for strain-engineered elastic platforms. In particular, representative approaches to realize strain-engineered substrates and stretchable interconnects in island-bridge configurations are introduced from the perspective of the material homogeneity and structural design of the substrate. State-of-the-art achievements in sophisticated stretchable electronic devices on strain-engineered elastic platforms are also presented, such as stretchable sensors, energy devices, thin-film transistors, and displays, and then, the challenges and outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Byeongmoon Lee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Dongju Jang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jinsu Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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9
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Shak Sadi M, Kumpikaitė E. Advances in the Robustness of Wearable Electronic Textiles: Strategies, Stability, Washability and Perspective. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122039. [PMID: 35745378 PMCID: PMC9229712 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic textiles are the future of wearable technology with a diverse application potential inspired by the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve all aspects of wearer life by replacing traditional bulky, rigid, and uncomfortable wearable electronics. The inherently prominent characteristics exhibited by textile substrates make them ideal candidates for designing user-friendly wearable electronic textiles for high-end variant applications. Textile substrates (fiber, yarn, fabric, and garment) combined with nanostructured electroactive materials provide a universal pathway for the researcher to construct advanced wearable electronics compatible with the human body and other circumstances. However, e-textiles are found to be vulnerable to physical deformation induced during repeated wash and wear. Thus, e-textiles need to be robust enough to withstand such challenges involved in designing a reliable product and require more attention for substantial advancement in stability and washability. As a step toward reliable devices, we present this comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art advances in substrate geometries, modification, fabrication, and standardized washing strategies to predict a roadmap toward sustainability. Furthermore, current challenges, opportunities, and future aspects of durable e-textiles development are envisioned to provide a conclusive pathway for researchers to conduct advanced studies.
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Stress concentration-relocating interposer in electronic textile packaging using thermoplastic elastic polyurethane film with via holes for bearing textile stretch. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9269. [PMID: 35660783 PMCID: PMC9166807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic textile (e-textile) devices require mechanically reliable packaging that can bear up to 30% stretch induced by textile crimp stretch, because the boundary between the rigid electronic components and the soft fabric circuit in the e-textile is prone to rupture due to mismatch of their mechanical properties. Here, we describe a thin stress-concentration-relocating interposer that can sustain a textile stretch of up to 36%, which is greater than the 16% stretch of conventional packaging. The stress-concentration-relocating interposer consists of thin soft thermoplastic polyurethane film with soft via holes and is inserted between the electronic components and fabric circuit in order to move the area of stress concentration from the wiring area of the fabric circuit to the film. A finite element method (FEM) simulation showed that when the fabric is stretched by 30%, the boundary between the electrical components and the insulation layer is subjected to 90% strain and 2.5 MPa stress, whereas, at 30% strain, the boundary between the devices and the wiring is subjected to only 1.5 MPa stress, indicating that the concentration of stress in the wiring is reduced. Furthermore, it is shown that an optimal interposer structure that can bear a 30% stretch needs insulating polyurethane film in excess of 100 μm thick. Our thin soft interposer structure will enable LEDs and MEMS sensors to withstand stretching in several types of fabric.
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Hong SY, Jee SM, Ko Y, Cho J, Lee KH, Yeom B, Kim H, Son JG. Intrinsically Stretchable and Printable Lithium-Ion Battery for Free-Form Configuration. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2271-2281. [PMID: 35060720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For next-generation wearable and implantable devices, energy storage devices should be soft and mechanically deformable and easily printable on any substrate or active devices. Herein, we introduce a fully stretchable lithium-ion battery system for free-form configurations in which all components, including electrodes, current collectors, separators, and encapsulants, are intrinsically stretchable and printable. The stretchable electrode acquires intrinsic stretchability and improved interfacial adhesion with the active materials via a functionalized physically cross-linked organogel as a stretchable binder and separator. Intrinsically stretchable current collectors are fabricated in the form of nanocomposites consisting of a matrix with excellent barrier properties without swelling in organic electrolytes and nanostructure-controlled multimodal conductive fillers. Due to structural and materials freedoms, we successfully fabricate several types of stretchable lithium-ion battery that reliably operates under various stretch deformations with capacity and rate capability comparable with a nonstretchable battery over 2.5 mWh cm-2 at 0.5 C, even under high mass loading conditions over 10 mg cm-2, including stacked configuration, direct integration on both sides of a stretch fabric, and application of various electrode materials and electrolytes. Especially, our stretchable battery printed on a stretch fabric also exhibits high performance and stretch/long-term stabilities in the air even with wearing and pulling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeong Hong
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Jee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngpyo Ko
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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12
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Cesarelli G, Donisi L, Coccia A, Amitrano F, D’Addio G, Ricciardi C. The E-Textile for Biomedical Applications: A Systematic Review of Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122263. [PMID: 34943500 PMCID: PMC8700039 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of e-textile technologies spread out in the scientific research with several applications in both medical and nonmedical world. In particular, wearable technologies and miniature electronics devices were implemented and tested for medical research purposes. In this paper, a systematic review regarding the use of e-textile for clinical applications was conducted: the Scopus and Pubmed databases were investigate by considering research studies from 2010 to 2020. Overall, 262 papers were found, and 71 of them were included in the systematic review. Of the included studies, 63.4% focused on information and communication technology studies, while the other 36.6% focused on industrial bioengineering applications. Overall, 56.3% of the research was published as an article, while the remainder were conference papers. Papers included in the review were grouped by main aim into cardiological, muscular, physical medicine and orthopaedic, respiratory, and miscellaneous applications. The systematic review showed that there are several types of applications regarding e-textile in medicine and several devices were implemented as well; nevertheless, there is still a lack of validation studies on larger cohorts of subjects since the majority of the research only focuses on developing and testing the new device without considering a further extended validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cesarelli
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy;
- Bioengineering Unit, Institute of Care and Scientific Research Maugeri, 82037 Pavia, Italy; (L.D.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (C.R.)
| | - Leandro Donisi
- Bioengineering Unit, Institute of Care and Scientific Research Maugeri, 82037 Pavia, Italy; (L.D.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (C.R.)
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Coccia
- Bioengineering Unit, Institute of Care and Scientific Research Maugeri, 82037 Pavia, Italy; (L.D.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (C.R.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Amitrano
- Bioengineering Unit, Institute of Care and Scientific Research Maugeri, 82037 Pavia, Italy; (L.D.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (C.R.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni D’Addio
- Bioengineering Unit, Institute of Care and Scientific Research Maugeri, 82037 Pavia, Italy; (L.D.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (C.R.)
| | - Carlo Ricciardi
- Bioengineering Unit, Institute of Care and Scientific Research Maugeri, 82037 Pavia, Italy; (L.D.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (C.R.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Hwang H, Kong M, Kim K, Park D, Lee S, Park S, Song HJ, Jeong U. Stretchable anisotropic conductive film (S-ACF) for electrical interfacing in high-resolution stretchable circuits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/32/eabh0171. [PMID: 34362737 PMCID: PMC8346218 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In stretchable electronics, high-resolution stretchable interfacing at a mild temperature is considered as a great challenge and has not been achieved yet. This study presents a stretchable anisotropic conductive film (S-ACF) that can electrically connect high-resolution stretchable circuit lines to other electrodes whether they are rigid, flexible, or stretchable. The key concepts of this study are (i) high-resolution (~50 μm) but low-contact resistance (0.2 ohm in 0.25 mm2) interfacing by periodically embedding conductive microparticles in thermoplastic film, (ii) low-temperature interfacing through the formation of chemical bonds between the S-ACF and the substrates, (iii) economical interfacing by selectively patterning the S-ACF, and (iv) direct interfacing of chips by using the adhesion of the thermoplastic matrix. We integrate light-emitting diodes on the patterned S-ACF and demonstrate stable light operation at large biaxial areal stretching (εxy = 70%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Doowon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeop Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Wang M, Zhang Q, Bo Y, Zhang C, Lv Y, Fu X, He W, Fan X, Liang J, Huang Y, Ma R, Chen Y. Highly Stretchable Shape Memory Self-Soldering Conductive Tape with Reversible Adhesion Switched by Temperature. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 34138351 PMCID: PMC8113436 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory self-soldering tape used as conductive interconnecting material. Perfect shape and conductivity memory performance and anti-fatigue performance. Reversible strong-to-weak adhesion switched by temperature. With practical interest in the future applications of next-generation electronic devices, it is imperative to develop new conductive interconnecting materials appropriate for modern electronic devices to replace traditional rigid solder tin and silver paste of high melting temperature or corrosive solvent requirements. Herein, we design highly stretchable shape memory self-soldering conductive (SMSC) tape with reversible adhesion switched by temperature, which is composed of silver particles encapsulated by shape memory polymer. SMSC tape has perfect shape and conductivity memory property and anti-fatigue ability even under the strain of 90%. It also exhibits an initial conductivity of 2772 S cm-1 and a maximum tensile strain of ~ 100%. The maximum conductivity could be increased to 5446 S cm-1 by decreasing the strain to 17%. Meanwhile, SMSC tape can easily realize a heating induced reversible strong-to-weak adhesion transition for self-soldering circuit. The combination of stable conductivity, excellent shape memory performance, and temperature-switching reversible adhesion enables SMSC tape to serve two functions of electrode and solder simultaneously. This provides a new way for conductive interconnecting materials to meet requirements of modern electronic devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Bo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujun Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
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