1
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Zhang H, Lin Y, Wang J. Design of Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes from the Perspective of Physicochemical Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8378-8386. [PMID: 39115292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of electrolytes profoundly impact the energy density, rate performance, and manufacturability of rechargeable lithium batteries. Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs), a novel electrolyte class, have attracted considerable interest, yet the impact of diluents on their physicochemical properties remains unclear, as most reports involve only a few samples. Here we prepared 345 electrolyte samples using 21 diluents and systematically investigated the effect of diluent type and content on the miscibility, density, viscosity, and ion conductivity of LHCEs. We found that the physicochemical properties of LHCEs are mainly affected by the diluents' density and viscosity, regardless of type. Notably, the ionic conductivity exhibits two typical variance trends, "volcano" and "descending," both correlating strongly with diluents' viscosity rather than dielectric constant, a parameter commonly employed in electrolyte design. This anomaly can be explained by the "plum pudding" solvation model, providing essential insights for developing lightweight, highly fluid, and conductive LHCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yangfan Lin
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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2
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Feng F, Liu Z, Yan Y, Gong M, Wang G, Chi C, Qi B, Huangfu C, Yang X, Cao K, Meng F, Wei T, Fan Z. Interacted Ternary Component Ensuring High-Security Eutectic Electrolyte for High Performance Sodium-Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403275. [PMID: 38934359 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the intrinsic flame-retardant, eutectic electrolytes are considered a promising candidate for sodium-metal batteries (SMBs). However, the high viscosity and ruinous side reaction with Na metal anode greatly hinder their further development. Herein, based on the Lewis acid-base theory, a new eutectic electrolyte (EE) composed of sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI), succinonitrile (SN), and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is reported. As a strong Lewis base, the ─C≡N group of SN can effectively weaken the interaction between Na+ and TFSI-, achieving the dynamic equilibrium and reducing the viscosity of EE. Moreover, the FEC additive shows a low energy level to construct thicker and denser solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Na metal surface, which can effectively eliminate the side reaction between EE and Na metal anode. Therefore, EE-1:6 + 5% FEC shows high ionic conductivity (2.62 mS cm-1) and ultra-high transference number of Na+ (0.96). The Na||Na symmetric cell achieves stable Na plating/stripping for 1100 h and Na||Na3V2(PO4)3/C cell shows superior long-term cycling stability over 2000 cycles (99.1% retention) at 5 C. More importantly, the Na||NVP/C pouch cell demonstrates good cycling performance of 102.1 mAh g-1 after 135 cycles at 0.5 C with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.63%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yingchun Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Min Gong
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Guanwen Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Chunlei Chi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Bin Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Chao Huangfu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Xinhou Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Fanshuai Meng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Tong Wei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Zhuangjun Fan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
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3
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Qiao X, Chen T, He F, Li H, Zeng Y, Wang R, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu Z, Guo X. Solvation Effect: The Cornerstone of High-Performance Battery Design for Commercialization-Driven Sodium Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401215. [PMID: 38856003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Sodium batteries (SBs) emerge as a potential candidate for large-scale energy storage and have become a hot topic in the past few decades. In the previous researches on electrolyte, designing electrolytes with the solvation theory has been the most promising direction is to improve the electrochemical performance of batteries through solvation theory. In general, the four essential factors for the commercial application of SBs, which are cost, low temperature performance, fast charge performance and safety. The solvent structure has significant impact on commercial applications. But so far, the solvation design of electrolyte and the practical application of sodium batteries have not been comprehensively summarized. This review first clarifies the process of Na+ solvation and the strategies for adjusting Na+ solvation. It is worth noting that the relationship between solvation theory and interface theory is pointed out. The cost, low temperature, fast charging, and safety issues of solvation are systematically summarized. The importance of the de-solvation step in low temperature and fast charging application is emphasized to help select better electrolytes for specific applications. Finally, new insights and potential solutions for electrolytes solvation related to SBs are proposed to stimulate revolutionary electrolyte chemistry for next generation SBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyan Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Fa He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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4
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He R, Deng K, Mo D, Guan X, Hu Y, Yang K, Yan Z, Xie H. Active Diluent-Anion Synergy Strategy Regulating Nonflammable Electrolytes for High-Efficiency Li Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317176. [PMID: 38168476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
High-energy Li metal batteries (LMBs) consisting of Li metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes are promising candidates of the next generation energy-storage systems owing to their ultrahigh energy density. However, it is still challenging to develop high-voltage nonflammable electrolytes with superior anode and cathode compatibility for LMBs. Here, we propose an active diluent-anion synergy strategy to achieve outstanding compatibility with Li metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes by using 1,2-difluorobenzene (DFB) with high activity for yielding LiF as an active diluent to regulate nonflammable dimethylacetamide (DMAC)-based localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE-DFB). DFB and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI- ) anion cooperate to construct robust LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), which effectively stabilize DMAC from intrinsic reactions with Li metal anode and enhance the interfacial stability of the Li metal anodes and LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811) cathodes. LHCE-DFB enables ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency (98.7 %), dendrite-free, extremely stable and long-term cycling of Li metal anodes in Li || Cu cells and Li || Li cells. The fabricated NCM811 || Li cells with LHCE-DFB display remarkably enhanced long-term cycling stability and excellent rate capability. This work provides a promising active diluent-anion synergy strategy for designing high-voltage electrolytes for high-energy batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Kuirong Deng
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Daize Mo
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiongcong Guan
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
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5
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Tang Z, Zhou S, Huang Y, Wang H, Zhang R, Wang Q, Sun D, Tang Y, Wang H. Improving the Initial Coulombic Efficiency of Carbonaceous Materials for Li/Na-Ion Batteries: Origins, Solutions, and Perspectives. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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6
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A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) and Dendrite Formation in Lithium Batteries. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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7
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Ma M, Chen B, Pan H. Three-dimensional heterogeneity in liquid electrolyte structures promotes Na ion transport and storage performance in Na-ion batteries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5983-5991. [PMID: 37293649 PMCID: PMC10246696 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01453c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike solid materials, the molecular structure and chemical distribution in electrolyte solutions have been considered in isotropic states. Herein, we reveal controllable regulation of solution structures in electrolytes by manipulating solvent interactions for Na-ion batteries. Low-solvation fluorocarbons as diluents in concentrated phosphate electrolytes induce adjustable heterogeneity in electrolyte structures through variable intermolecular forces between high-solvation phosphate and diluents. An optimal trifluorotoluene (PhCF3) diluent weakens the solvation strength around Na+ and spontaneously leads to a locally enlarged Na+ concentration and global 3D continuous Na+ transport path thanks to the appropriate electrolyte heterogeneity. Besides, strong correlations between the solvation structure and the Na+ storage performance and interphases are demonstrated. PhCF3 diluted concentrated electrolyte enables superior operations of Na-ion batteries at both room temperature and a high temperature of 60 °C. A hard carbon anode exhibits a reversible capacity of 300 mA h g-1 at 0.2C and excellent life over 1200 cycles without decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310012 China
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311200 China
| | - Huilin Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310012 China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310012 China
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8
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Chen L, Nian Q, Ruan D, Fan J, Li Y, Chen S, Tan L, Luo X, Cui Z, Cheng Y, Li C, Ren X. High-safety and high-efficiency electrolyte design for 4.6 V-class lithium-ion batteries with a non-solvating flame-retardant. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1184-1193. [PMID: 36756331 PMCID: PMC9891389 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonflammable electrolytes are critical for the safe operation of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Although organic phosphates are effective flame retardants, their poor electrochemical stability with a graphite (Gr) anode and Ni-rich cathodes would lead to the deterioration of electrode materials and fast capacity decay. Herein, we develop a safe and high-performance electrolyte formulation for high-voltage (4.6 V-class) LIBs using flame-retarding ethoxy(pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as a non-solvating diluent for the high-concentration carbonate-ether hybrid electrolyte. In contrast to conventional nonflammable additives with restricted dosage, the high level of PFPN (69% mass ratio in our electrolyte design) could significantly increase the electrolyte flash point and protect the favored anion-rich inner solvation sheath because of its non-solvating feature, thus preventing solvent co-intercalation and structural damage to the Gr anode. The nonflammable electrolyte could also form a stable LiF-rich cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), which enables superior electrochemical performances of Gr‖LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) full cells at high voltages (∼82.0% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 4.5 V; 89.8% after 300 cycles at 4.6 V) and high temperatures (50 °C). This work sheds light on the electrolyte design and interphase engineering for developing practical safe high-energy-density LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China .,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 China
| | - Qingshun Nian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
| | - Digen Ruan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yecheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shunqiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
| | - Lijiang Tan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xuan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yifeng Cheng
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research InstituteChina
| | - Changhao Li
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research InstituteChina
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui 230026 China
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9
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Watanabe Y, Ugata Y, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Dokko K. Does Li-ion transport occur rapidly in localized high-concentration electrolytes? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3092-3099. [PMID: 36621826 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ionic conductivity and lithium-ion transference number of electrolytes significantly influence the rate capability of Li-ion batteries. Highly concentrated Li-salt/sulfolane (SL) electrolytes exhibit elevated Li+ transference numbers due to lithium-ion hopping via a ligand exchange mechanism within their -Li+-SL-Li+- network. However, highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) are extremely viscous and have an ionic conductivity that is one order of magnitude less than that of conventional electrolytes. Dilution of HCEs with a non-coordinating hydrofluoroether (HFE) lowers the viscosity and produces localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCE). However, the mechanism of Li+ transport in LHCEs is unclear. This study investigated the transport properties of LHCEs prepared by diluting a SL-based HCE with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether. Electrolyte viscosity decreases dramatically upon dilution, whereas ionic conductivity increases only slightly. Ion diffusivity increases with increasing HFE content due to the decrease in electrolyte viscosity. However, the Li+ transference number declines, because the HFE interferes with conduction via the Li+ hopping mechanism. The resulting decrease in the product of ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number indicates superior lithium-ion transport in the parent HCE compared with LHCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Ugata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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10
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Xu Z, Deng K, Zhou S, Liu Z, Guan X, Mo D. Nonflammable Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes with Long-Term Cycling Stability for High-Performance Li Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48694-48704. [PMID: 36279165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-concentration electrolytes (HCEs) can effectively enhance interface stability and cycle performance of Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, HCEs suffer from low ionic conductivity, high viscosity, high cost, and high density. Herein, fluorobenzene (FB) diluted localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) consisting of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)/triethyl phosphate (TEP)/FB are developed. 2.3 M LHCE can reserve concentrated Li+-FSI--TEP solvation structures. Diluent FB possesses low density, low viscosity, low cost, low dielectric constant, low LUMO, and a good fluorine-donating property, which can significantly reduce viscosity, improve ionic conductivity, promote the formation of LiF-rich SEI, and enhance interaction of Li+-TEP and Li+-FSI- ion-pairs of the electrolytes. 2.3 M LHCE is a highly safe nonflammable electrolyte. 2.3 M LHCE can effectively inhibit dendrite growth on Li metal anode. 2.3 M LHCE endows LiFePO4 cells with good rate capability (discharge capacity of 112.7 mAh g-1 at 5 C rate) and excellent cycling performance (capacity retention of 95.4% after 1000 cycles). 2.3 M LHCE also shows good compatibility with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 and exhibits outstanding cycle stability (capacity retention of 86.4% after 500 cycles). Therefore, 2.3 M LHCE is a promising electrolyte for practical applications in LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Xu
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Kuirong Deng
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Suping Zhou
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiongcong Guan
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Daize Mo
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
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11
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Wu Y, Wang A, Hu Q, Liang H, Xu H, Wang L, He X. Significance of Antisolvents on Solvation Structures Enhancing Interfacial Chemistry in Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1290-1298. [PMID: 36188346 PMCID: PMC9523775 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) provide a new way to expand multifunctional electrolytes because of their unique physicochemical properties. LHCEs are generated when high-concentration electrolytes (HCEs) are diluted by antisolvents, while the effect of antisolvents on the lithium-ion solvation structure is negligible. Herein, using one-dimensional infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we explore the significance of antisolvents in the model electrolyte lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/dimethyl carbonate (LiFSI/DMC) with hydrofluoroether. We clarify that the role of antisolvent is more than dilution; it is also the formation of a low-dielectric environment and intensification of the inductive effect on the C=O moiety of DMC caused by the antisolvent, which decrease the binding energy of the Li+···solvent and Li+···anion interactions. It also has beneficial effects on interfacial ion desolvation and Li+ transport. Furthermore, antisolvents also favor reducing the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the solvated clusters, and FSI- anions show a decreased reduction stability. Consequently, the influence of antisolvents on the interfacial chemical and electrochemical activities of solvation structures cannot be ignored. This finding introduces a new way to improve battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Wu
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongmei Liang
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Non-flammable fluorobenzene-diluted highly concentrated electrolytes enable high-performance Li-metal and Li-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 619:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Yu P, Sun Q, Liu Y, Ma B, Yang H, Xie M, Cheng T. Multiscale Simulation of Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation in Fluorinated Diluted Electrolytes with Lithium Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7972-7979. [PMID: 35129322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) hold great promise in facilitating high-energy batteries due to their merits such as high specific capacity, low reduction potential, and so forth. However, the realizations of practical LMBs are hindered by severe problems such as undesirable dendrite growth, poor Coulombic efficiency, and so forth. A recently proposed fluorinated electrolyte based on 1 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) dissolved in designed fluorinated 1,4-dimethoxybutane (FDMB) solvent has attracted significant attention because of its excellent electrochemical performance that origins from its superior physical and chemical properties, especially its unique ability in forming a robust, stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the detailed structure and reaction mechanism of the SEI formation in such a novel electrolyte remains unclear. In this work, we carry out a hybrid ab initio and reactive molecular dynamics (HAIR) simulation to investigate the elementary reactions that regulate the formation of the primitive SEI, paying special attention to the process that involves FDMB, the fluorinated solvent. HAIR simulation reveals that both FSI- anion and FDMB provide F that is adequate to form a uniformed LiF layer that resembles the inorganic inner layer (IIL) of the SEI. N and S radicals from the FSI- anion, which do not deposit on the electrode interface to form lithium-containing inorganic substances, promote the polymerization reaction of unsaturated carbon chains produced by FDMB defluorination, forming the organic outer layer (OOL) of the SEI. The combination of the LiF-rich IIL and polymer-rich organic OOL explains the superior performance of the FDMB-based electrolyte in the device. The detailed reaction mechanism and SEI observed in this work provide insights into the atomic scale for the rational design of F-rich electrolytes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiping Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qintao Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingyun Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Xie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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14
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Zhang K, An Y, Wei C, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Feng J. High-Safety and Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Building a Stable Interface in a Nonflammable Medium-Concentration Phosphate Electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50869-50877. [PMID: 34664939 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal anodes are promising for their high energy density and low working potential. However, high reactivity and dendrite growth of lithium metal lead to serious safety issues. Lithium dendrite may form "dead lithium" or pierce the separator, which will cause low efficiency and short-circuit inside the battery. A nonflammable phosphate-based electrolyte can effectively solve the flammability problem. Also, it shows poor compatibility with lithium metal anodes, resulting in an unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which leads to dendrite growth and poor electrochemical performance. In this study, trimethyl phosphate is used to ensure the safety of lithium metal batteries. By adjusting the concentration of lithium salt and introducing fluoroethylene carbonate, a stable SEI layer is formed on the surface of the lithium metal anode and dendrite growth of the lithium metal anode is inhibited. Lithium metal batteries with a modified electrolyte achieved stable electrochemical plating/stripping, and the full cell has 93.4% capacity left and the coulombic efficiency is nearly 100%. In addition, the modified electrolyte can also enable reversible intercalation and de-intercalation of Li+ in the commercial graphite anode. This work may provide an alternative direction for the development of lithium metal batteries with high safety and high energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- SDU & Rice Joint Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yongling An
- SDU & Rice Joint Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Wei
- SDU & Rice Joint Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- SDU & Rice Joint Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yuchan Zhang
- SDU & Rice Joint Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Feng
- SDU & Rice Joint Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
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15
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Doi T, Fujii R, Inaba M. Improved stability of highly concentrated LiBF4/fluorinated ethyl acetate-based electrolyte solutions with a co-solvent for LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 positive electrodes in lithium ion batteries. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Dubouis N, Marchandier T, Rousse G, Marchini F, Fauth F, Avdeev M, Iadecola A, Porcheron B, Deschamps M, Tarascon JM, Grimaud A. Extending insertion electrochemistry to soluble layered halides with superconcentrated electrolytes. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1545-1550. [PMID: 34326505 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insertion compounds provide the fundamental basis of today's commercialized Li-ion batteries. Throughout history, intense research has focused on the design of stellar electrodes mainly relying on layered oxides or sulfides, and leaving aside the corresponding halides because of solubility issues. This is no longer true. In this work, we show the feasibility of reversibly intercalating Li+ electrochemically into VX3 compounds (X = Cl, Br, I) via the use of superconcentrated electrolytes (5 M LiFSI in dimethyl carbonate), hence opening access to a family of LixVX3 phases. Moreover, through an electrolyte engineering approach, we unambiguously prove that the positive attribute of superconcentrated electrolytes against the solubility of inorganic compounds is rooted in a thermodynamic rather than a kinetic effect. The mechanism and corresponding impact of our findings enrich the fundamental understanding of superconcentrated electrolytes and constitute a crucial step in the design of novel insertion compounds with tunable properties for a wide range of applications including Li-ion batteries and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dubouis
- Chaire de Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, Amiens, France
| | - Thomas Marchandier
- Chaire de Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, Amiens, France
| | - Gwenaelle Rousse
- Chaire de Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, Amiens, France
| | - Florencia Marchini
- Chaire de Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, Amiens, France
| | | | - Maxim Avdeev
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin Porcheron
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Michael Deschamps
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Jean-Marie Tarascon
- Chaire de Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, Collège de France, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, Amiens, France.
| | - Alexis Grimaud
- Chaire de Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, Collège de France, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, Amiens, France.
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17
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Ugata Y, Shigenobu K, Tatara R, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Dokko K. Solvate electrolytes for Li and Na batteries: structures, transport properties, and electrochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21419-21436. [PMID: 34550122 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polar solvents dissolve Li and Na salts at high concentrations and are used as electrolyte solutions for batteries. The solvents interact strongly with the alkali metal cations to form complexes in the solution. The activity (concentration) of the uncoordinated solvent decreases as the salt concentration is increased. At extremely high salt concentrations, all the solvent molecules are involved in the coordination of the ions and form the solvates of the salts. In this article, we review the structures, transport properties, and electrochemistry of Li/Na salt solvates. In molten solvates, the activity of the uncoordinated solvent is negligible; this is the main origin of their peculiar characteristics, such as high thermal stability, wide electrochemical window, and unique ion transport. In addition, the solvent activity greatly influences the electrochemical reactions in Li/Na batteries. We highlight the attractive features of molten solvates as promising electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ugata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Shigenobu
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryoichi Tatara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.,Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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18
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Fan X, Wang C. High-voltage liquid electrolytes for Li batteries: progress and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10486-10566. [PMID: 34341815 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of the Li ion batteries (LIBs), the energy density has been tripled, mainly attributed to the increase of the electrode capacities. Now, the capacity of transition metal oxide cathodes is approaching the limit due to the stability limitation of the electrolytes. To further promote the energy density of LIBs, the most promising strategies are to enhance the cut-off voltage of the prevailing cathodes or explore novel high-capacity and high-voltage cathode materials, and also replacing the graphite anode with Si/Si-C or Li metal. However, the commercial ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes with relatively low anodic stability of ∼4.3 V vs. Li+/Li cannot sustain high-voltage cathodes. The bottleneck restricting the electrochemical performance in Li batteries has veered towards new electrolyte compositions catering for aggressive next-generation cathodes and Si/Si-C or Li metal anodes, since the oxidation-resistance of the electrolytes and the in situ formed cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers at the high-voltage cathodes and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers on anodes critically control the electrochemical performance of these high-voltage Li batteries. In this review, we present a comprehensive and in-depth overview on the recent advances, fundamental mechanisms, scientific challenges, and design strategies for the novel high-voltage electrolyte systems, especially focused on stability issues of the electrolytes, the compatibility and interactions between the electrolytes and the electrodes, and reaction mechanisms. Finally, novel insights, promising directions and potential solutions for high voltage electrolytes associated with effective SEI/CEI layers are proposed to motivate revolutionary next-generation high-voltage Li battery chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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19
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Doi T, Taccori RJ, Fujii R, Nagashima T, Endo T, Kimura Y, Inaba M. Non-Flammable and Highly Concentrated Carbonate Ester-Free Electrolyte Solutions for 5 V-Class Positive Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2445-2451. [PMID: 33961342 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-flammable and highly concentrated electrolyte solutions were designed using tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFEP) as a main solvent toward a radical improvement in the safety and energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Unlike conventional carbonate ester-based solutions, simple TFEP-based electrolyte solutions were not intrinsically compatible with 5 V-class LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 positive electrodes, even at high concentrations. Based on the degradation mechanism that was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a fluorinated diluent of methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate (FMP) was introduced to suppress the decomposition of LiBF4 and TFEP at high potentials. A nearly saturated LiBF4 /TFEP+FMP electrolyte solution with a specific composition improved the charge and discharge performance of a LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 electrode, and the solution structure was studied by pulsed-field-gradient NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Doi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Romain Jun Taccori
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujii
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Endo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Minoru Inaba
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
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20
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Jia H, Xu Y, Zhang X, Burton SD, Gao P, Matthews BE, Engelhard MH, Han KS, Zhong L, Wang C, Xu W. Advanced Low‐Flammable Electrolytes for Stable Operation of High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Sarah D. Burton
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Bethany E. Matthews
- Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Lirong Zhong
- Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard Richland WA 99354 USA
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21
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Jia H, Xu Y, Zhang X, Burton SD, Gao P, Matthews BE, Engelhard MH, Han KS, Zhong L, Wang C, Xu W. Advanced Low-Flammable Electrolytes for Stable Operation of High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12999-13006. [PMID: 33783105 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite being an effective flame retardant, trimethyl phosphate (TMPa ) is generally considered as an unqualified solvent for fabricating electrolytes used in graphite (Gr)-based lithium-ion batteries as it readily leads to Gr exfoliation and cell failure. In this work, by adopting the unique solvation structure of localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE) to TMPa and tuning the composition of the solvation sheaths via electrolyte additives, excellent electrochemical performance can be achieved with TMPa -based electrolytes in Gr∥LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 cells. After 500 charge/discharge cycles within the voltage range of 2.5-4.4 V, the batteries containing the TMPa -based LHCE with a proper additive can achieve a capacity retention of 85.4 %, being significantly higher than cells using a LiPF6 -organocarbonates baseline electrolyte (75.2 %). Meanwhile, due to the flame retarding effect of TMPa , TMPa -based LHCEs exhibit significantly reduced flammability compared with the conventional LiPF6 -organocarbonates electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Sarah D Burton
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Bethany E Matthews
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Lirong Zhong
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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22
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Bouibes A, Saha S, Nagaoka M. Theoretically predicting the feasibility of highly-fluorinated ethers as promising diluents for non-flammable concentrated electrolytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21966. [PMID: 33319821 PMCID: PMC7738504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The practical application of nonflammable highly salt-concentrated (HC) electrolyte is strongly desired for safe Li-ion batteries. Not only experimentalists but also theoreticians are extensively focusing on the dilution approach to address the limitations of HC electrolyte such as low ionic conductivity and high viscosity. This study suggests promising highly-fluorinated ethers to dilute the HC electrolyte based on non-flammable trimethyl phosphate (TMP) solvent. According to the quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics calculations, the fluorinated ether diluents showed a miscibility behavior in HC TMP-based electrolyte. While such miscibility behavior of the diluent with TMP solvent has been significantly enhanced by increasing its degree of fluorination, i.e., the “fluorous effect”, it is remarkable that the self-diffusion constant of Li+ and the ionic conductivity should be significantly improved by dilution with bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro ethyl) ether (B2E) and bis(pentafluoro ethyl) ether (BPE) compared to other common hydrofluoroether diluents. In addition, the fluorinated-ether diluents have high ability to form a localized-concentrated electrolyte in HC TMP-based solution, leading to high expectation for the formation of a stable and a compact inorganic SEI film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bouibes
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Soumen Saha
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyodai Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagaoka
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyodai Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan.
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23
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Hou L, Zhang X, Li B, Zhang Q. Cycling a Lithium Metal Anode at 90 °C in a Liquid Electrolyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Peng Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Bo‐Quan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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24
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Hou LP, Zhang XQ, Li BQ, Zhang Q. Cycling a Lithium Metal Anode at 90 °C in a Liquid Electrolyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15109-15113. [PMID: 32426911 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Stable operation at elevated temperature is necessary for lithium metal anode. However, Li metal anode generally has poor performance and safety concerns at high temperature (>55 °C) owing to the thermal instability of the electrolyte and solid electrolyte interphase in a routine liquid electrolyte. Herein a Li metal anode working at an elevated temperature (90 °C) is demonstrated in a thermotolerant electrolyte. In a Li|LiFePO4 battery working at 90 °C, the anode undergoes 100 cycles compared with 10 cycles in a practical carbonate electrolyte. During the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase, independent and incomplete decomposition of Li salts and solvents aggravate. Some unstable intermediates emerge at 90 °C, degenerating the uniformity of Li deposition. This work not only demonstrates a working Li metal anode at 90 °C, but also provides fundamental understanding of solid electrolyte interphase and Li deposition at elevated temperature for rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Quan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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25
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Yamada Y. Concentrated Battery Electrolytes: Developing New Functions by Manipulating the Coordination States. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamada
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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