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Chen Q, Wu J, Liu X, Du Y, Deng C, Chen X, Sun L, Tan L, Sun W, Lan Z. Small-Molecule Copper Chloride Modulating the Buried Interfaces of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8949-8959. [PMID: 38329719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), tin dioxide (SnO2) is a highly effective electron transport material. On the other hand, the low intrinsic conductivity of SnO2, the high trap-state density on the surface and bulk of SnO2, and inadequate interface contacts between SnO2 and perovskite significantly impact device performance. Herein, small-molecule copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) is introduced into the SnO2 dispersion, which inhibits the agglomeration of SnO2 colloids and improves the quality of the electron transport layer. Furthermore, the introduction of CuCl2 optimizes the energy-level array between the ETL and perovskite layer (PVK) and passivates the anion/cation defects in SnO2, perovskite, and their interface, realizing the systematic modulation of the photoelectronic properties of the ETLs and PVKs as well as the PVK/ETL. As a result, the CuCl2-opmized PSC exhibits an impressive power conversion efficiency of 23.71%, along with improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
| | - Xuping Liu
- Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Yitian Du
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
| | - Chunyan Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
| | - Liuxue Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
| | - Lina Tan
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
| | - Weihai Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Materials Science and Engineering College, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361011, China
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Wang J, Gadenne V, Patrone L, Raimundo JM. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Push-Pull Chromophores as Active Layers and Their Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:559. [PMID: 38338304 PMCID: PMC10856137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, considerable attention has been focused on the design and development of surfaces with defined or tunable properties for a wide range of applications and fields. To this end, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic compounds offer a unique and straightforward route of modifying and engineering the surface properties of any substrate. Thus, alkane-based self-assembled monolayers constitute one of the most extensively studied organic thin-film nanomaterials, which have found wide applications in antifouling surfaces, the control of wettability or cell adhesion, sensors, optical devices, corrosion protection, and organic electronics, among many other applications, some of which have led to their technological transfer to industry. Nevertheless, recently, aromatic-based SAMs have gained importance as functional components, particularly in molecular electronics, bioelectronics, sensors, etc., due to their intrinsic electrical conductivity and optical properties, opening up new perspectives in these fields. However, some key issues affecting device performance still need to be resolved to ensure their full use and access to novel functionalities such as memory, sensors, or active layers in optoelectronic devices. In this context, we will present herein recent advances in π-conjugated systems-based self-assembled monolayers (e.g., push-pull chromophores) as active layers and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, AMUTech, 13288 Marseille, France;
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Virginie Gadenne
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Lionel Patrone
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
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Xie M, Liu J, Dai L, Peng H, Xie Y. Advances and prospects of porphyrin derivatives in the energy field. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24699-24730. [PMID: 37601600 PMCID: PMC10436694 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, porphyrin is developing rapidly in the fields of medicine, energy, catalysts, etc. More and more reports on its application are being published. This paper mainly takes the ingenious utilization of porphyrin derivatives in perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and lithium batteries as the background to review the design idea of functional materials based on the porphyrin structural unit in the energy sector. In addition, the modification and improvement strategies of porphyrin are presented by visually showing the molecular structures or the design synthesis routes of its functional materials. Finally, we provide some insights into the development of novel energy storage materials based on porphyrin frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Lianghong Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Hongjian Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Youqing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
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Dávila Cerón V, Illicachi LA, Insuasty B. Triazine: An Important Building Block of Organic Materials for Solar Cell Application. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010257. [PMID: 36615449 PMCID: PMC9822301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, triazine-based molecules have been employed to construct different organic materials due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Among their applications, photovoltaics stands out because of the current need to develop efficient, economic, and green alternatives to energy generation based mainly on fossil fuels. Here, we review all the development of triazine-based organic materials for solar cell applications, including organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and perovskite solar cells. Firstly, we attempt to illustrate the main synthetic routes to prepare triazine derivatives. Then, we introduce the main aspects associated with solar cells and their performance. Afterward, we discuss different works focused on the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of triazine derivatives in solar cells, distinguishing the type of photovoltaics and the role of the triazine-based material in their performance (e.g., as a donor, acceptor, hole-transporting material, electron-transporting material, among others). Throughout this review, the progress, drawbacks, and main issues of the performance of the mentioned solar cells are exposed and discussed. Finally, some conclusions and perspectives about this research topic are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Dávila Cerón
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A., Cali 25360, Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Illicachi
- Research Group of Chemical and Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A., Cali 25360, Colombia
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Perovskite Solar Cells and Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid Array Feeding a Synchronous Reluctance Motor for an Efficient Water Pumping System. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10142417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, water pumping systems based on photovoltaics as a source of electricity have widely increased. System cost and efficiency still require enhancement in order to spread their application. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most hopeful third-generation photovoltaic for replacing the silicon-based photovoltaic thanks to their high power conversion efficiency, reaching 25.8%; tunable band-gap; long diffusion length; low fabrication temperature; and low cost. In this work, for the first time, we proposed a high-power-density hybrid perovskite solar cell thermoelectric generator (TEG) array for feeding a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) driving a water pump for use in an irrigation system. A control technique was used to achieve two functions. The first function was driving the motor to obtain the maximum torque/ampere. The second was harvesting the maximum perovskite solar cell array output power on the basis of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm using the perturbation and observation approach. Thus, the proposed hybrid perovskite solar cell–thermoelectric generator feeds the motor via an inverter without DC–DC converters or batteries. Accordingly, the short life problems and the high replacement cost are avoided. The proposed complete system was simulated via the MATLAB package. Moreover, a complete laboratory infrastructure was constructed for testing the proposed high-power-density hybrid perovskite solar cell–TEG array for the water pumping system. The results revealed that using the high-power-density hybrid perovskite solar cell–TEG array, both the motor’s output power and the pump’s flow rate were improved by 11% and 14%, respectively, compared to only using the perovskite solar cell array. Finally, both the simulation and experimental results proved the high-performance efficiency of the system in addition to showing its system complexity and cost reduction.
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A Modified Triple-Diode Model Parameters Identification for Perovskite Solar Cells via Nature-Inspired Search Optimization Algorithms. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132312969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been widely investigated as an efficient alternative for silicon solar cells. In this work, a proposed modified triple-diode model (MTDM) for PSCs modeling and simulation was used. The Bald Eagle Search (BES) algorithm, which is a novel nature-inspired search optimizer, was suggested for solving the model and estimating the PSCs device parameters because of the complex nature of determining the model parameters. Two PSC architectures, namely control and modified devices, were experimentally fabricated, characterized and tested in the lab. The I–V datasets of the fabricated devices were recorded at standard conditions. The decision variables in the proposed optimization process are the nine and ten unknown parameters of triple-diode model (TDM) and MTDM, respectively. The direct comparison with a number of modern optimization techniques including grey wolf (GWO), particle swarm (PSO) and moth flame (MFO) optimizers, as well as sine cosine (SCA) and slap swarm (SSA) algorithms, confirmed the superiority of the proposed BES approach, where the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) objective function between the experimental data and estimated characteristics achieves the least value.
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Li Y, Li Q, Wang X, Fu Q, Hu C, Qiu X, Li T, Wang F. Eliminating the Detrimental Effect of Secondary Doping on PEDOT : PSS Hole Transporting Material Performance. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4802-4811. [PMID: 34472195 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary doping has a long history of use in conductivity enhancement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS). However, very little research has addressed its detrimental effect on application performance of PEDOT : PSS in organic solar cells. Herein, it was shown that the uneven drying of secondary dopant-water mixture results in a nonuniform/continuous film structure, causing severe damage to the device efficiencies (dropping about 8 and 23 % for poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) : 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC) and poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithio-phene))-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))](PM6) : (3,9-bis(1-oxo-2-methylene-3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-5,6-difluoroindanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-n-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3d:2',3'd']-s-indaceno[1,2b:5,6b']dithiophene (IT-4F) cells, respectively) and thermal stabilities. Moreover, a simple yet robust dialysis treatment was proposed to solve the issue of noncontinuity and retain the secondary doping's advantages of quinoid structure simultaneously, thus demonstrating a significant enhancement in device performance. This study will be of great importance to the future exploration of the next generation of post-treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - Qingyao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Ci Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Xianliang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Tianjin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
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Huang C, Shen B, Wang K, Sun X. BODIPY trimer with 1,3,5-triazine core: Facile synthesis and crystal structure. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621501091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trimerization reaction of 8-(4[Formula: see text]-cyanophenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (CN-BODIPY) led to the isolation of a new triazine-based BODIPY trimer 2,4,6-tris(8[Formula: see text]-phenyl-1[Formula: see text],3[Formula: see text],5[Formula: see text],7[Formula: see text]-tetramethyl-4[Formula: see text],4[Formula: see text]-difluoro-4[Formula: see text]-bora-3a[Formula: see text],4a[Formula: see text]-diaza-s-indacene)-1,3,5-triazine (1). This BODIPY trimer 1 have been characterized by a series of spectroscopic methods including MALDI-TOF mass, 1H NMR, electronic absorption, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. In particular, the single crystals of 1 have be obtained by slow diffusion of methanol into the solution of this compound in CHCl3. The BODIPY trimer structure of 1 with a triazine core has been directly revealed on the basis of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with the intermolecular interactions investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis. This work will be helpful for the design and synthesis of new multiple BODIPY derivatives with various application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Huang
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bin Shen
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100081, China
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Gkini K, Martinaiou I, Falaras P. A Review on Emerging Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on g-C 3N 4 Nanostructures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1679. [PMID: 33805485 PMCID: PMC8038080 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great research interest in the scientific community due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties and the fact that their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased rapidly in recent years, surpassing other 3rd generation photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) presents exceptional optical and electronic properties and its use was recently expanded in the field of PSCs. The addition of g-C3N4 in the perovskite absorber and/or the electron transport layer (ETL) resulted in PCEs exceeding 22%, mainly due to defects passivation, improved conductivity and crystallinity as well as low charge carriers' recombination rate within the device. Significant performance increase, including stability enhancement, was also achieved when g-C3N4 was applied at the PSC interfaces and the observed improvement was attributed to its wetting (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) nature and the fine tuning of the corresponding interface energetics. The current review summarizes the main innovations for the incorporation of graphitic carbon nitride in PSCs and highlights the significance and perspectives of the g-C3N4 approach for emerging highly efficient and robust PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Gkini
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15341 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (I.M.)
- Physics Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Martinaiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15341 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (I.M.)
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, 15341 Athens, Greece; (K.G.); (I.M.)
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Wanwong S, Sangkhun W, Kumnorkaew P, Wootthikanokkhan J. Improved Performance of Ternary Solar Cells by Using BODIPY Triads. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2723. [PMID: 32549305 PMCID: PMC7344652 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) triads, namely BODIPY-1 and BODIPY-2, were synthesized and incorporated with poly-3-hexyl thiophene: (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) P3HT:PCBM. The photovoltaic performance of BODIPY:P3HT:PCBM ternary solar cells was increased, as compared to the control binary solar cells (P3HT:PCBM). The optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BODIPY-1:P3HT:PCBM was improved from 2.22% to 3.43%. The enhancement of PCE was attributed to cascade charge transfer, an improved external quantum efficiency (EQE) with increased short circuit current (Jsc), and more homogeneous morphology in the ternary blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompit Wanwong
- Materials Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Weradesh Sangkhun
- Materials Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Pisist Kumnorkaew
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan
- Materials Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (W.S.); (J.W.)
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