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Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Lest We Forget-The Importance of Heteroatom Interactions in Heterocyclic Conjugated Systems, from Synthetic Metals to Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302259. [PMID: 37086184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic metals is, and remains, highly influential for the development of organic semiconductor materials. Yet, with the passing of time and the rapid development of conjugated materials in recent years, the link between synthetic metals and organic semiconductors is at risk of being forgotten. This review reflects on one of the key concepts developed in synthetic metals - heteroatom interactions. The application of this strategy in recent organic semiconductor materials, small molecules and polymers, is highlighted, with analysis of X-ray crystal structures and comparisons with model systems used to determine the influence of these non-covalent short contacts. The case is made that the wide range of effective heteroatom interactions and the high performance that has been achieved in devices from organic solar cells to transistors is testament to the seeds sown by the synthetic metals research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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2
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Zhang X, Gu X, Huang H. Low-Cost Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptors Enabled by Noncovalent Conformational Locks. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:981-991. [PMID: 38431881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSince the first bilayer-structured organic solar cells (OSCs) in 1986, fullerenes and their derivatives have dominated the landscape for two decades due to their unique properties. In recent years, the breakthrough in nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) was mainly attributed to the development of fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs), whose photovoltaic performance surpassed that of fullerene derivatives. Through the unremitting efforts of the whole community, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have surpassed 19% in FREA-based OSCs. However, FREAs generally suffered from complex synthetic approaches and high product costs, which hindered large-scale production. Therefore, many researchers are seeking a new type of NFA to achieve cost-effective, highly efficient OSCs.In collaboration with Marks and Facchetti in 2012, Huang et al. (Huang, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 10966-10973, 10.1021/ja303401s) proposed the concept of "noncovalent conformational locks" (NoCLs). In the following years, our group has been focusing on the theoretical and experimental exploration of NoCLs, revealing their fundamental nature, formulating a simple descriptor for quantifying their strength, and employing this approach to achieve high-performance organic/polymeric semiconductors for optoelectronics, such as OSCs, thin-film transistors, room-temperature phosphorescence, and photodetectors. The NoCLs strategy has been proven to be a simple and effective approach for enhancing molecular rigidity and planarity, thus improving the charge transport mobilities of organic/polymeric semiconductors, attributed to reduced reorganization energy and suppressed nonradiative decay.In 2018, Chen et al. (Li, S. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1705208, 10.1002/adma.201705208) reported the first example of nonfused-ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) with intramolecular noncovalent F···H interactions. The NoCLs strategy is essential in NFREAs, as it simplifies the conjugated structures while maintaining high coplanarity comparable to that of FREAs. Due to their simple structures and concise synthesis routes, NFREAs show great potential for achieving cost-effective and highly efficient OSCs. In this Account, we provide an overview of our efforts in developing NFREAs with the NoCLs strategy. We begin with a discussion on the distinct features of NFREAs compared with FREAs, and the structural simplification from FREAs to NFREAs to completely NFREAs. Next, we examine several selected typical examples of NFREAs with remarkable photovoltaic performance, aiming to provide an in-depth exploration of the molecular design principle and structure-property-performance relationships. Then, we discuss how to achieve a balance among efficiency, stability, and cost through a two-in-one strategy of polymerized NFREAs (PNFREAs). Finally, we offer our views on the current challenges and future prospects of NFREAs. We hope this Account will trigger intensive research interest in this field, thus propelling OSCs into a new stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Yu R, Li S, Yuan H, Yang Z, Jin S, Tan Z. Research Advances of Nonfused Ring Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2781-2803. [PMID: 38441058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed the rapid development of organic solar cells (OSCs). High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 19% have been successfully achieved due to the emergence of fused-ring acceptors (FRAs). However, the high complexity and low yield for the material synthesis result in high production costs of FRAs, limiting the further commercial application of OSCs. In contrast, nonfused ring acceptors (NFRAs) with the merits of facile synthesis, high yield, and preferable stability can promote the development of low-cost OSCs. Currently, the PCEs of NFRAs-based OSCs have exceeded 17%, which is expected to reach efficiency comparable to that of the FRAs-based OSCs. This review describes the advantages of the recent advances in NFRAs, which emphasizes exploring how the chemical structures of NFRAs influence molecular conformation, aggregation, and packing modes. In addition, the further development of NFRA materials is prospected from molecular design, morphological control, and stability perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haoyu Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zongzhi Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengli Jin
- Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Xu M, Wei C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu B, Lin J, Yu M, Xie L, Huang W. Coplanar Conformational Structure of π-Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301671. [PMID: 37364981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structure of conjugated polymers is critical to dominating their optoelectronic properties and applications. Compared to nonplanar conformational segments, coplanar conformational segments of conjugated polymers (CPs) demonstrate favorable properties for applications as a semiconductor. Herein, recent developments in the coplanar conformational structure of CPs for optoelectronic devices are summarized. First, this review comprehensively summarizes the unique properties of planar conformational structures. Second, the characteristics of the coplanar conformation in terms of optoelectrical properties and other polymer physics characteristics are emphasized. Five primary characterization methods for investigating the complanate backbone structures are illustrated, providing a systematical toolbox for studying this specific conformation. Third, internal and external conditions for inducing the coplanar conformational structure are presented, offering guidelines for designing this conformation. Fourth, the optoelectronic applications of this segment, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and field-effect transistors, are briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the coplanar conformational segment regarding molecular design and applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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5
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Song J, Bo Z. Asymmetric molecular engineering in recent nonfullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Li Y, Yu J, Zhou Y, Li Z. Molecular Insights of Non‐fused Ring Acceptors for High‐Performance Non‐fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201675. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jiangsheng Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu District Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan P. R. China
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7
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Wang X, Lu H, Zhang A, Yu N, Ran G, Bi Z, Yu X, Xu X, Liu Y, Tang Z, Zhang W, Ma W, Bo Z. Molecular-Shape-Controlled Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with Tunable Phase Morphology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28807-28815. [PMID: 35696637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs), BTh-OC8-2F and DTh-OC8-2F, with different molecular shapes are designed and synthesized. Both acceptors can form planar molecular shapes by the assistance of S···O intramolecular interactions. Differently, BTh-OC8-2F, with a linear molecular backbone and two trans-arranged side chains at the core unit, exhibits much stronger crystallinity than DTh-OC8-2, with a C-shape molecular shape and two cis-arranged steric side chains at the core unit. Thus, the DTh-OC8-2F based blend film displays a better nanoscale phase separation, more suppressed charge recombination, more efficient exciton dissociation, and lower nonradiative energy loss. Organic solar cells based on DTh-OC8-2F can deliver a power conversion efficiency of 14.13%, which is much higher than BTh-OC8-2F based ones (11.95%) and is also one of the highest values reported for organic solar cells based on NFREAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Andong Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Na Yu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaodi Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Liu Y, Lin Z, Cao J, Du F, Wang H, He S, Tang W. Unfused Acceptors Matching π-Bridge Blocks with Proper Frameworks Enable Over 12% As-Cast Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201209. [PMID: 35607794 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging unfused-ring acceptors (UFAs) have been explored in pursuit of low-cost high-efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Assembling unfused building blocks into proper frameworks are challenging for the molecular design of UFAs. The authors report herein four UFAs adopting either dithiophene cyclopentadiene (DTC) or dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) as π-bridge units with different molecular frameworks for high-efficient as-cast OSCs. All these acceptors exhibit strong near-infrared absorption and narrow optical band gap (Eg opt < 1.50 eV). DTC-bridged symmetric and DTP-bridged asymmetric UFAs exhibit higher planar conformation as well as suitable miscibility and homogeneous phase separation when blending with polymer donor PBDB-T to promote efficient charge transport in the blends. Their blends with PBDB-T contribute optimal PCE of 12.17% and 11.92% in as-cast OSCs, among the highest values for UFAs based as-cast devices in the literature. Experimental and theoretical simulations systematically reveal the impact of manipulating the molecular framework of UFAs on their conformation, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic performance. The results indicate the matching π-bridge units with molecular frameworks as an attractive approach to design UFAs for high-performance as-cast OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinru Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Du
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shi He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Li J, Li H, Ma L, Xu Y, Cui Y, Wang J, Ren J, Zhu J, Zhang S, Hou J. Influence of Large Steric Hinderance Substituent Position on Conformation and Charge Transfer Process for Non-Fused Ring Acceptors. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200007. [PMID: 35212472 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To obtain stable and planar molecular geometry in non-fused electron acceptors, A4T-25 and A4T-26 are designed and synthesized by introducing the bulk 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl side groups onto different positions of the central two thiophene units. A4T-25 and A4T-26 both show a narrow-bandgap of 1.39 and 1.46 eV, with highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of -5.56/-3.81 and -5.65/-3.83 eV, respectively, and the electrostatic potential distributions imply that they have strong electron-accepting capability. The single crystal structure analysis and the transfer integral calculation demonstrate that the much more compact π-π stacking in A4T-26 can promote efficient charge transportation compared to that in A4T-25. Therefore, the electron mobility of A4T-26 is obviously higher and more balanced than that of A4T-25. When blending the two acceptors with the same polymer donor PBDB-TF, the photovoltaic cell based on PBDB-TF:A4T-25 has an inadequate power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.83%, while the PBDB-TF:A4T-26-based one yields an enhanced PCE of 12.1%. Overall, this study offers an insight into the relationship between the fine-tuning of the molecular structure of non-fused ring acceptors and the corresponding charge transfer process in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Ming S, Zhen S, Zhang H, Han X, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhao J. Electrochromic polymer with asymmetric substituents – Inhibit aggregation and modify respond speed. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zhang X, Cai J, Guo C, Li D, Du B, Zhuang Y, Cheng S, Wang L, Liu D, Wang T. Simultaneously Enhanced Efficiency and Operational Stability of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells via Solid-Additive-Mediated Aggregation Control. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102558. [PMID: 34293248 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The additive strategy is widely used in optimizing the morphology of organic solar cells (OSCs). The majority of additives are liquid with high boiling points, which will be trapped within device and consequently deteriorate performance during operation. In this work, solid but volatile additives 2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (INB-F) and 2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (INB-Cl) are designed to replace the common 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) in nonfullerene OSCs. These additives present during solution casting but evaporate after moderate heating. Molecular dynamics simulations show that they can reduce the adsorption energy to improve π-π stacking among nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules, an effect that enhances light absorption and electron mobility. Both INB-F and INB-Cl enhance efficiency, with INB-F achieving a maximum efficiency of 16.7% from 15.1% of the reference PBDB-T-2F (PM6):BTP-BO-4F (Y6-BO) cell, and outperforming DIO. Remarkably, they can simultaneously enhance the operational stability, with the INB-F-treated OSC maintaining over 60% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h operation, demonstrating a T80 lifetime of 523 h, which is a significant improvement over T80 values of 66.2 h for the reference and 6.6 h for DIO-treated OSC. The simultaneously enhanced efficiency and operational lifetime are also effective in PM6:BTP-BO-4Cl (Y7-BO) OSCs, demonstrating a universal strategy to improve the performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinlong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baocai Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shili Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Wang X, Lu H, Zhou J, Xu X, Zhang C, Huang H, Song J, Liu Y, Xu X, Xie Z, Tang Z, Bo Z. High-Performance Simple Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors with Diphenylamino Flanking Groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39652-39659. [PMID: 34382764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Four simple nonfused ring electron acceptors (H-2F, CH3-2F, OCH3-2F, and SCH3-2F) were designed and synthesized. The use of diphenylamine derivatives as the flanking group for the construction of nonfused ring electron acceptors can improve solubility, avoid the formation of oversized aggregates, and enhance the intramolecular charge-transfer effect to extend absorption spectra. The substituent group at the diphenylamine unit has a great impact on the absorption and energy level of acceptors, electron mobility and morphology of blend films. Unlike the other three acceptors, CH3-2F can form ordered molecular stacking and a face-on orientation in the donor/acceptor blend film. A single-crystal analysis demonstrates that CH3-2F can form a two-dimensional electron transport network. Among these four acceptors, CH3-2F-based organic solar cells provide the highest PCE of 12.28%. Our work has demonstrated that triarylamine is a helpful construction unit for low-cost and high efficiency nonfused ring electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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14
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Mullin WJ, Sharber SA, Thomas SW. Optimizing the
self‐assembly
of conjugated polymers and small molecules through structurally programmed
non‐covalent
control. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth A. Sharber
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
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15
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Zhao J, Xu X, Yu L, Li R, Li Y, Peng Q. Highly Efficient Non-Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors Enabled by the Conformational Lock and Structural Isomerization Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25214-25223. [PMID: 34014088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two novel nonfused-ring electron acceptors (N-FREAs) namely DTP-out-F and DTP-in-F, containing 2,5-difluorophenylene central core flanked with DTP blocks and end-capped with IC-2F terminals were designed and synthesized. The C-H···F noncovalent interactions between F atom of 2,5-difluorophenylene and H-3 and H-6 from DTP moiety (for DTP-in-F and DTP-out-F, respectively) locked the molecular conformation within a planar geometry. Benefiting from asymmetric nature of DTP block, the two different connection positions (2- or 7-position) of DTP to 2,5-difluorophenylene afforded the structural isomers of DTP-in-F and DTP-out-F, which affected the overall properties of these N-FREAs, especially the molecular packing behaviors. The more preferred J-aggregation and face-on packing of DTP-in-F shifted the absorption to slightly longer wavelength and provided a polymer-like extended crystal transport channels for improving the charge transport. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was significantly improved from 3.97% of DTP-out-F-based devices to 10.66% of DTP-in-F-based devices. These results reveal the great potential of isomerization strategy to develop high-performance N-FREAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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16
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Yang M, Du T, Zhao X, Huang X, Pan L, Pang S, Tang H, Peng Z, Ye L, Deng Y, Sun M, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. Low-bandgap conjugated polymers based on benzodipyrrolidone with reliable unipolar electron mobility exceeding 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-9991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Wen T, Liu Z, Chen Z, Zhou J, Shen Z, Xiao Y, Lu X, Xie Z, Zhu H, Li C, Chen H. Simple Non‐Fused Electron Acceptors Leading to Efficient Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Jiao Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Xi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Ziqiu Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Xiao
- Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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18
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Wen TJ, Liu ZX, Chen Z, Zhou J, Shen Z, Xiao Y, Lu X, Xie Z, Zhu H, Li CZ, Chen H. Simple Non-Fused Electron Acceptors Leading to Efficient Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12964-12970. [PMID: 33797187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress achieved in recent years, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) still need work to approach the delicate balance between efficiency, stability, and cost. Herein, two fully non-fused electron acceptors, PTB4F and PTB4Cl, are developed via a two-step synthesis from single aromatic units. The introduction of a two-dimensional chain and halogenated terminals for these non-fused acceptors plays a synergistic role in optimizing their solid stacking and orientation, thus promoting an elongated exciton lifetime and fast charge-transfer rate in bulk heterojunction blends. As a result, PTB4Cl, upon blending with PBDB-TF polymer, has enabled single-junction OPVs with power conversion efficiencies of 12.76 %, representing the highest values among the reported fully unfused electron acceptors so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiu Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Xiao
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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19
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Zhang X, Qin L, Yu J, Li Y, Wei Y, Liu X, Lu X, Gao F, Huang H. High‐Performance Noncovalently Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Noncovalent Intramolecular Interactions and End‐Group Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12475-12481. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Linqing Qin
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wei
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xingzheng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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20
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Zhang X, Qin L, Yu J, Li Y, Wei Y, Liu X, Lu X, Gao F, Huang H. High‐Performance Noncovalently Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Noncovalent Intramolecular Interactions and End‐Group Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Linqing Qin
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wei
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xingzheng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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21
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Li G, Zhang X, Jones LO, Alzola JM, Mukherjee S, Feng LW, Zhu W, Stern CL, Huang W, Yu J, Sangwan VK, DeLongchamp DM, Kohlstedt KL, Wasielewski MR, Hersam MC, Schatz GC, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Systematic Merging of Nonfullerene Acceptor π-Extension and Tetrafluorination Strategies Affords Polymer Solar Cells with >16% Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6123-6139. [PMID: 33848146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The end-capping group (EG) is the essential electron-withdrawing component of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). To systematically probe the impact of two frequent EG functionalization strategies, π-extension and halogenation, in A-DAD-A type NFAs, we synthesized and characterized four such NFAs: BT-BIC, LIC, L4F, and BO-L4F. To assess the relative importance of these strategies, we contrast these NFAs with the baseline acceptors, Y5 and Y6. Up to 16.6% power conversion efficiency (PCE) in binary inverted OSCs with BT-BO-L4F combining π-extension and halogenation was achieved. When these two factors are combined, the effect on optical absorption is cumulative. Single-crystal π-π stacking distances are similar for the EG strategies of π-extension. Increasing the alkyl substituent length from BT-L4F to BT-BO-L4F significantly alters the packing motif and eliminates the EG core interactions of BT-L4F. Electronic structure computations reveal some of the largest NFA π-π electronic couplings observed to date, 103.8 meV in BT-L4F and 47.5 meV in BT-BO-L4F. Computed electronic reorganization energies, 132 and 133 meV for BT-L4F and BT-BO-L4F, respectively, are also lower than Y6 (150 meV). BHJ blends show preferential π-face-on orientation, and both fluorination and π-extension increase NFA crystallinity. Femto/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs/nsTA) and integrated photocurrent device analysis (IPDA) indicate that π-extension modifies the phase separation to enhance film ordering and carrier mobility, while fluorination suppresses unimolecular recombination. This systematic study highlights the synergistic effects of NFA π-extension and fluorination in affording efficient OSCs and provides insights into designing next-generation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joaquin M Alzola
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Subhrangsu Mukherjee
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences (TJ-MOS), Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kevin L Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, the Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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22
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Huang J, Gao CY, Fan XH, Zhu X, Yang LM. A–D–C–D–A type non-fullerene acceptors based on the benzotriazole (BTA) unfused core for organic solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01978c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increase of fluorine atoms to modulate the molecular orientation and thus enhanced the photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Cai-Yan Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xin-Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Lian-Ming Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
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23
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Liu Y, Song J, Bo Z. Designing high performance conjugated materials for photovoltaic cells with the aid of intramolecular noncovalent interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:302-314. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in high performance photovoltaic materials with the aid of intramolecular noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
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24
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Lv M, Zhou R, Lu K, Wei Z. Research Progress of Small Molecule Donors with High Crystallinity in All Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a20090450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Hu X, Zhong C, Li X, Jia X, Wei Y, Xie L. Synthesis and Application of Cyclopentadithiophene Derivatives. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21050196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Chen Y, Li M, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Liu F, Tang Z, Bao Q, Bo Z. A Fully Non‐fused Ring Acceptor with Planar Backbone and Near‐IR Absorption for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Nan Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Miao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Optoelectronics East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Qinye Bao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Optoelectronics East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles & Clothing Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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27
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Liu X, Wei Y, Zhang X, Qin L, Wei Z, Huang H. An A-D-A′-D-A type unfused nonfullerene acceptor for organic solar cells with approaching 14% efficiency. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Su D, Li K, Liu W, Zhang W, Li X, Wu Y, Shen F, Huo S, Fu H, Zhan C. High-Performance Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a New Narrow Bandgap Nonfullerene Small Molecule Acceptor with a Higher LUMO Level. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000393. [PMID: 33089640 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining a large open-circuit voltage (VOC ) and high short-circuit current density (JSC ) simultaneously is important in improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics. The ternary strategy with using a higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) guest can achieve increased VOC , yet JSC is decreased or maintained, so it's still a challenge to offer increased VOC and JSC values concurrently via the newly presented VOC -increased ternary strategy. To overcome this issue, a new narrow bandgap NFA TT-S-4F is reported by introducing 3,6-dimethoxylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) as π-spacers to connect electron-rich core with terminal groups, so as to upshift the LUMO level and extend π-system. When adding 10% TT-S-4F into binary system based on PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F, the higher-LUMO-level of TT-S-4F, the increased charge mobilities, the reduced trap-assisted combination loss, and a finer nanofiber structure and increased phase separation size are obtained, which simultaneously promotes JSC , VOC , and fill factor (FF), thus obtaining an optimal PCE (12.5% vs 11.5%). This work illustrates that an extending conjugated backbone with large π-spacers and inclusion of alkylthiophenyl side-chains is a concept to synthesize NFA guests for use on the VOC -increased ternary strategy that enables to realize simultaneously increased JSC , VOC , and FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Kun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wanru Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Weichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, 010022, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fugang Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Shuying Huo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, 010022, China
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29
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Hou R, Li M, Ma X, Huang H, Lu H, Jia Q, Liu Y, Xu X, Li HB, Bo Z. Noncovalently Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with C2v Symmetry for Regulating the Morphology of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46220-46230. [PMID: 32938186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four noncovalently fused-ring electron acceptors p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F, o-DOC8-2F, and o-DOC2C6-2F have been designed and synthesized. p-DOC6-2F and o-DOC6-2F have the same molecular backbone but different molecular shapes and symmetries. p-DOC6-2F has an S-shaped molecular backbone and C2h symmetry, whereas o-DOC6-2F possesses a U-shaped molecular backbone and C2v symmetry. The molecular shape and symmetry can influence the dipole moment, solubility, optical absorption, energy level, molecular packing, and film morphology. Compared with the corresponding p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F exhibits better solubility, a wider band gap, and a larger dipole moment. When blended with the donor polymer PBDB-T, the C2v symmetric o-DOC6-2F can form an appropriate active layer morphology, whereas the C2h symmetric p-DOC6-2F forms oversized domains. Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F, o-DOC8-2F, and o-DOC2C6-2F obtained power conversion efficiencies of 9.23, 11.87, 11.23, and 10.80%, respectively. The result reveals that the molecular symmetry can facilely regulate the performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hou
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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30
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Chen Y, Li M, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Liu F, Tang Z, Bao Q, Bo Z. A Fully Non‐fused Ring Acceptor with Planar Backbone and Near‐IR Absorption for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22714-22720. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Nan Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Miao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Optoelectronics East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Qinye Bao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Optoelectronics East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Textiles & Clothing Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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31
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Liu W, Zhang C, Liu J, Bo Z. PDI-Based Hexapod-Shaped Nonfullerene Acceptors for the High-Performance As-Cast Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37409-37417. [PMID: 32814394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three hexapod-shaped PDI-hexamers (PSM1, PSM2, and PSM3) with a diphenylmethylene-bridged triphenylamine (TPA) core and six peripheral PDI subunits have been designed and synthesized. The influence of different peripheral PDI subunits on the morphology and crystallinity of acceptors is investigated. Distinctly different from the previously reported PDI trimers with a TPA core, which exhibit amorphous morphologies, these hexapod-shaped acceptors display improved crystallinities and photophysical properties. Our studies have shown that PSM3 with six peripheral thiophene-fused PDI subunits gives the best result. The as-cast blend films of PBDB-T and PSM3, which possess appropriate phase separation and higher crystallinity, show high and balanced charge mobilities. As expected, OSCs with PBDB-T:PSM3 as the active layer achieve the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.71% among these three acceptors, which is the highest one in TPA-based acceptors and one of the best for the as-cast OSCs based on PDI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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32
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Zhang C, Song X, Liu KK, Zhang M, Qu J, Yang C, Yuan GZ, Mahmood A, Liu F, He F, Baran D, Wang JL. Electron-Deficient and Quinoid Central Unit Engineering for Unfused Ring-Based A 1 -D-A 2 -D-A 1 -Type Acceptor Enables High Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with High V oc and PCE Simultaneously. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907681. [PMID: 32378305 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Here, a pair of A1 -D-A2 -D-A1 unfused ring core-based nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs), BO2FIDT-4Cl and BT2FIDT-4Cl is synthesized, which possess the same terminals (A1 ) and indacenodithiophene unit (D), coupling with different fluorinated electron-deficient central unit (difluorobenzoxadiazole or difluorobenzothiadiazole) (A2 ). BT2FIDT-4Cl exhibits a slightly smaller optical bandgap of 1.56 eV, upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, much higher electron mobility, and slightly enhanced molecular packing order in neat thin films than that of BO2FIDT-4Cl. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on BT2FIDT-4Cl:PM7 yield the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.5% with a Voc of 0.97 V, which is higher than that of BO2FIDT-4Cl-based devices (PCE of 10.4%). The results demonstrate that the subtle modification of A2 unit would result in lower trap-assisted recombination, more favorable morphology features, and more balanced electron and hole mobility in the PM7:BT2FIDT-4Cl blend films. It is worth mentioning that the PCE of 12.5% is the highest value in nonfused ring NF-SMA-based binary PSCs with high Voc over 0.90 V. These results suggest that appropriate modulation of the quinoid electron-deficient central unit is an effective approach to construct highly efficient unfused ring NF-SMAs to boost PCE and Voc simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Song
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Micro-Nano Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianfei Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Can Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gui-Zhou Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Derya Baran
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
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