1
|
Huët MAL, Phul IC, Goonoo N, Li Z, Li X, Bhaw-Luximon A. Lignin-cellulose complexes derived from agricultural wastes for combined antibacterial and tissue engineering scaffolds for cutaneous leishmaniasis wounds. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5496-5512. [PMID: 38742807 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections in wounds significantly impair the healing process. The use of natural antibacterial products over synthetic antibiotics has emerged as a new trend to address antimicrobial resistance. An ideal tissue engineering scaffold to treat infected wounds should possess antibacterial properties, while simultaneously promoting tissue regrowth. Synthesis of hydrogel scaffolds with antibacterial properties using hemp shive (HT1/HT2) lignin, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) lignin and cellulose was carried out. All lignin samples had low molecular weights and were constituted of G-type β-5 dimers, linked by β-O-4 bonds, as determined by MALDI-TOF-MS. Hemp lignin was more cytotoxic to mouse fibroblasts (L929) compared to SCB lignin. All lignin samples demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, with greater efficiency against Gram-negative strains. 3D hydrogels were engineered by crosslinking SCB lignin with SCB cellulose in varying weight ratios in the presence of epichlorohydrin. The stiffness of the hydrogels could be tailored by varying the lignin concentration. All hydrogels were biocompatible; however, better fibroblast adhesion was observed on the blended hydrogels compared to the 100% cellulose hydrogel, with the cellulose : lignin 70 : 30 hydrogel showing the highest L929 proliferation and best antibacterial properties with a 24-hour bacterial growth reduction ranging from 30.8 to 57.3%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Andrea Laetitia Huët
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Itisha Chummun Phul
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Nowsheen Goonoo
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu H, Huang J, van der Tol JJB, Su L, Wang Y, Dey S, Zijlstra P, Fytas G, Vantomme G, Dankers PYW, Meijer EW. Supramolecular polymers form tactoids through liquid-liquid phase separation. Nature 2024; 626:1011-1018. [PMID: 38418913 PMCID: PMC10901743 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers has recently been shown to play a central role in the formation of membraneless organelles with a multitude of biological functions1-3. The interplay between LLPS and macromolecular condensation is part of continuing studies4,5. Synthetic supramolecular polymers are the non-covalent equivalent of macromolecules but they are not reported to undergo LLPS yet. Here we show that continuously growing fibrils, obtained from supramolecular polymerizations of synthetic components, are responsible for phase separation into highly anisotropic aqueous liquid droplets (tactoids) by means of an entropy-driven pathway. The crowding environment, regulated by dextran concentration, affects not only the kinetics of supramolecular polymerizations but also the properties of LLPS, including phase-separation kinetics, morphology, internal order, fluidity and mechanical properties of the final tactoids. In addition, substrate-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces proved capable of accelerating LLPS of supramolecular polymers, allowing the generation of a myriad of three-dimensional-ordered structures, including highly ordered arrays of micrometre-long tactoids at surfaces. The generality and many possibilities of supramolecular polymerizations to control emerging morphologies are demonstrated with several supramolecular polymers, opening up a new field of matter ranging from highly structured aqueous solutions by means of stabilized LLPS to nanoscopic soft matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Fu
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J B van der Tol
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Su
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Swayandipta Dey
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - George Fytas
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FO.R.T.H, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- School of Chemistry and RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vakhrusheva A, Endzhievskaya S, Zhuikov V, Nekrasova T, Parshina E, Ovsiannikova N, Popov V, Bagrov D, Minin AА, Sokolova OS. The role of vimentin in directional migration of rat fibroblasts. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:467-476. [PMID: 31626376 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is one of the most important processes in which the cytoskeleton plays a main role. The cytoskeleton network is formed by tubulin microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments (IFs). While the structure and functions of the two aforementioned proteins have been extensively investigated during the last decades, vimentin IFs structure and their role in cell migration and adhesion remain unclear. Here, we investigated polarity determination in rat fibroblasts with either a knocked out vim gene or with a mutation that blocks filament formation on the stage of unit-length filaments (ULFs). Structured illumination microscopy has demonstrated the difference in the morphology of IFs in wild-type fibroblasts and of ULFs in mutant fibroblasts. We have developed an approach to measure cell stiffness separately on the trailing and leading edges using atomic force microscopy. Young's modulus values on the leading and trailing edge of migrating rat fibroblasts differ approximately by two times, being larger on the leading edge. The knockout of the vim gene leads to having comparable values of Young's moduli on both edges. Vimentin-null cells change the direction of migration more frequently than those expressing wild-type or mutated vimentin. Our results have shown the principle role of vimentin, not only in the form of IFs, but also as ULFs, in the determination of the polarity and the directionality of fibroblast migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vakhrusheva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia Endzhievskaya
- Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Zhuikov
- Research Centre of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Nekrasova
- Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia Parshina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Ovsiannikova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-chemical biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Popov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Bagrov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander А Minin
- Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Sokolova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|