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Laser fabrication of structural bone: surface morphology and biomineralization assessment. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:131-137. [PMID: 32372236 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current work explores the surface morphology of the laser-ablated bone using Yb-fiber coupled Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) in continuous wave mode. As the laser-ablated region contains physiochemically modified carbonized and nonstructural region, it becomes unknown material for the body. Thus, biomineralization on such a laser-ablated region was assessed by in vitro immersion test in noncellular simulated body fluid. The presence of hydroxyapatite was detected in the precipitated mineral product using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of varying laser parameters on distribution of surface morphology features was identified and its corresponding effect on biomineralization was studied.
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Pantawane MV, Ho YH, Joshi SS, Dahotre NB. Computational Assessment of Thermokinetics and Associated Microstructural Evolution in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V Alloy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7579. [PMID: 32371890 PMCID: PMC7200685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most of the near non-equilibrium microstructures of alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) are being reported at a rapid rate, the accountable thermokinetics of the entire process have rarely been studied. In order to exploit the versatility of this AM process for the desired properties of built material, it is crucial to understand the thermokinetics associated with the process. In light of this, a three-dimensional thermokinetic model based on the finite element method was developed to correlate with the microstructure evolved in additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy. The computational model yielded the thermal patterns experienced at given location while building a single layer through multiple laser scans and a whole part through multiple layers above it. X-ray analysis of the resultant microstructure confirmed the presence of acicular martensitic (α') phase of (002) texture within the build-plane. Computationally predicted magnitude of the thermal gradients within the additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy in different directions (X, Y, and Z) facilitated the understanding about the evolution of grain morphology and orientation of acicular martensite in prior β grains. The scanning electron microscopy observations of the alloy revealed the distinct morphology of phase precipitated within the martensitic phase, whose existence was, in turn, understood through predicted thermal history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh V Pantawane
- Laboratory for Laser Aided Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle-305310, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
- Center for Agile and Adaptive Additive Manufacturing, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Yee-Hsien Ho
- Laboratory for Laser Aided Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle-305310, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
- Center for Agile and Adaptive Additive Manufacturing, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Sameehan S Joshi
- Laboratory for Laser Aided Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle-305310, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
- Cummins, Inc., Columbus, Indiana, USA
| | - Narendra B Dahotre
- Laboratory for Laser Aided Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle-305310, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
- Center for Agile and Adaptive Additive Manufacturing, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA.
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