1
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Li JY, Si DH, Mi FQ, Xu WL, Zhang T, Cao R. A Bioinspired Copper-Pair Catalyst in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Molecular Dioxygen Activation and Aerobic Oxidative C-N Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12444-12453. [PMID: 38680118 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Open Cu sites were loaded to the UiO-67 metal-organic framework (MOF) skeleton by introduction of flexible Cu-binding pyridylmethylamine (pyma) side chains to the biphenyldicarboxylate linkers. Distance between Cu centers in the MOF pores was tuned by controlling the density of metal-binding side chains. "Interacted" Cu-pair or "isolated" monomeric Cu sites were achieved with high and low (pyma)Cu side chain loading, respectively. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies indicate that "interacted" Cu pairs can effectively bind and activate molecular dioxygen to form Cu2O2 clusters, which showed high catalytic activity for aerobic oxidative C-N coupling. On the contrary, MOF catalyst bearing isolated monomeric Cu sites only showed modest catalytic activity. Enhancement in catalytic performance for the Cu-pair catalyst is attributed to the remote synergistic effect of the paired Cu site, which binds molecular dioxygen and cleaves the O═O bond in a collaborative manner. This work demonstrates that noncovalently interacted metal-pair sites can effectively activate inert small molecules and promote heterogeneous catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duan-Hui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Fu-Qi Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wang-Lan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Fujian College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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2
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Badalyan A, Yang ZY, Seefeldt LC. A voltammetric study of nitrogenase MoFe-protein using low-potential electron transfer mediators. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 155:108575. [PMID: 37738860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The molybdenum-iron protein (MoFeP), a component of the enzyme nitrogenase, catalyzes the reduction of an array of small molecules, including N2 to NH3. In microorganisms, during the catalytic cycle, MoFeP receives electrons from the obligate biological redox partner iron protein (FeP) in a process coupled to the hydrolysis of two MgATP per one electron transferred. Despite the favorable redox properties of the cofactors, the requirement of the MgATP hydrolysis significantly decreases the energy efficiency of MoFeP. Therefore, remarkable efforts have been devoted to electrochemically activating MoFeP without FeP and MgATP. Previously, MoFeP was adsorbed on an electrode surface and revealed a slow catalysis with and without electron transfer mediators. However, enzyme adsorption can cause conformational and structural changes in a fragile protein molecule and alter its catalytic activity. In this work, MoFeP was electrochemically studied in solution. Various electron transfer mediators with potentials ranging from -0.3 V to -1 V (vs. NHE) were examined with MoFeP using cyclic voltammetry. No significant catalytic activity of the MoFeP was observed with any of the tested mediators. This indicates that efficient electrochemical activation of MoFeP cannot be achieved exclusively by increasing the driving force between the MoFeP redox cofactors and an electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artavazd Badalyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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3
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Ketkov SY, Tzeng SY, Rychagova EA, Lukoyanov AN, Tzeng WB. Effect of a single methyl substituent on the electronic structure of cobaltocene studied by computationally assisted MATI spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1046-1056. [PMID: 38095021 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Metallocenes represent archetypical organometallic compounds playing key roles in various fields of fundamental and applied chemistry. Many of their unique properties arise from low ionization energies (IE) which can be tuned by introducing substituents into the rings. Here we report the first mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectrum of a methylmetallocene, (Cp')(Cp)Co (Cp' = η5-C5H4Me, Cp = η5-C5H5). The presence of a single Me group allows us to study the "pure" effect of methylation without the mutual influence of substituents. The MATI technique provides an extremely high accuracy in determining the adiabatic IE of (Cp')(Cp)Co which equals 5.2097(6) eV. The effect of a Me group on the IE of cobaltocene appears to be 36% stronger than that in bis(η6-benzene)chromium. The MATI spectrum of (Cp')(Cp)Co shows a rich vibronic structure from which vibrational frequencies of the free ion are determined. This information provides a solid basis for testing the quality of quantum chemical calculations. Various levels of the DFT and coupled cluster computations are used to describe the structural and electronic transformations accompanying the detachment of an elctron from (Cp')(Cp)Co. New aspects of the methyl substituent influence on the potential energy surfaces, as well as on the inhomogeneous changes in charge density and electrostatic potential caused by ionization, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Sheng-Yuan Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Elena A Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton N Lukoyanov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Wen-Bih Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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4
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Boucher DG, Carroll E, Nguyen ZA, Jadhav RG, Simoska O, Beaver K, Minteer SD. Bioelectrocatalytic Synthesis: Concepts and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307780. [PMID: 37428529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrocatalytic synthesis is the conversion of electrical energy into value-added products using biocatalysts. These methods merge the specificity and selectivity of biocatalysis and energy-related electrocatalysis to address challenges in the sustainable synthesis of pharmaceuticals, commodity chemicals, fuels, feedstocks and fertilizers. However, the specialized experimental setups and domain knowledge for bioelectrocatalysis pose a significant barrier to adoption. This review introduces key concepts of bioelectrosynthetic systems. We provide a tutorial on the methods of biocatalyst utilization, the setup of bioelectrosynthetic cells, and the analytical methods for assessing bioelectrocatalysts. Key applications of bioelectrosynthesis in ammonia production and small-molecule synthesis are outlined for both enzymatic and microbial systems. This review serves as a necessary introduction and resource for the non-specialist interested in bioelectrosynthetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G Boucher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Emily Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zachary A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rohit G Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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5
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Holtmann D, Hollmann F, Bouchaut B. Contribution of Enzyme Catalysis to the Achievement of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104125. [PMID: 37241865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly established the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Britte Bouchaut
- Safety and Security Science, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628BX Delft, The Netherlands
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6
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Bastia S, Moses YT, Kumar N, Mishra RP, Chaudhary YS. Enhanced Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia by Surface- and Defect-Engineered Co-catalyst-Modified Perovskite Catalysts under Ambient Conditions and Their Charge Carrier Dynamics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13052-13063. [PMID: 36853145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction is considered a potential approach for green ammonia production─a zero-carbon fertilizer, fuel, and energy storage for renewable energy. To harness the synergistic properties of perovskites, the inherent dipole moment due to their non-centrosymmetric structure (that facilitates better charge separation), oxygen vacancies, and the presence of Ni metal sites that permit activation and reduction of N2 efficiently, the NiTiO3-based nanoelectrocatalysts have been synthesized. Further, these catalysts have been modified with ultra-small metal nanocrystal co-catalysts to form heterointerfaces that not only aid to improve the charge separation but also activate N2 and lower overpotential requirements. The appearance of peaks corresponding to (012), (104), (110), (11-3), (024), (11-6), (018), (027), and (300) confirms the formation of rhombohedral NiTiO3. The shift in the XRD peak corresponding to the (104) plane to a smaller 2θ value and peak shifting and widening of Raman spectra imply the lattice distortion that signifies the formation of Pd-NiTiO3 and Pt-NiTiO3 heterojunction electrocatalysts with the loadings of 0.4 and 0.3 wt % of Pd and Pt, respectively, as confirmed by ICP-OES analysis. The detailed XPS analysis reveals the presence of Pd (0), Pd (II), and Pt (0), Pt (II) in respective electrocatalysts. The appearance of XPS peaks at 528.7 and 531.1 eV suggests the presence of oxidative oxygen species (O2-/O-) and the presence of oxygen defects due to oxygen vacancy. The detailed nitrogen reduction (NRR) investigation exhibits a 5-fold enhancement in ammonia yield rate (∼14.28 μg h-1 mg-1 at -0.003 V vs RHE), a faradic efficiency of 27% (at 0.097 V vs RHE) for Pd-NiTiO3 electrocatalysts than that for bare NiTiO3 (3.08 μg h-1 mg-1), and 9-folds higher than that of the activity shown by the commercial TiO2 (P25) (1.52 μg h-1mg-1). The formation of ammonia was further confirmed by using isotopic nitrogen as the feeding gas. Furthermore, the highest NRR is observed at lower cathodic potential (-0.003 V vs RHE) in the case of the Pd-NiTiO3 electrocatalyst than that of the Pt-NiTiO3 electrocatalyst (-0.203 V vs RHE), implying significantly reduced overpotential requirement. Such enhanced NRR activity with lower overpotential requirement in the case of the Pd-NiTiO3 electrocatalyst is due to efficient charge separation as shown by the semicircle Nyquist plot, decreased photoluminescence emission intensity, shorter average lifetime (∼29 ns) of excitons, appropriate band bending, and improved activation of N2 by the oxygen vacancies and heterointerface formed between Pd nanocrystals and NiTiO3. Furthermore, no change is observed in the current density, after stabilization in the initial few seconds, even up to 2 h, which signifies that these electrocatalysts are stable. The structural and morphological integrity of the optimized catalyst remained even after the nitrogen reduction reactions, as revealed by no significant change observed in FESEM, elemental mapping, and EDS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Bastia
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Yilleng Titus Moses
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 2339, PMB, Nigeria
| | - Niharika Kumar
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Rajashree P Mishra
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Yatendra S Chaudhary
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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7
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Prudlik A, Mohebbati N, Hildebrandt L, Heck A, Nuhn L, Francke R. TEMPO-Modified Polymethacrylates as Mediators in Electrosynthesis: Influence of the Molecular Weight on Redox Properties and Electrocatalytic Activity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202730. [PMID: 36426862 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous catalysts ("mediators") are frequently employed in organic electrosynthesis to control selectivity. Despite their advantages, they can have a negative influence on the overall energy and mass balance if used only once or recycled inefficiently. Polymediators are soluble redox-active polymers applicable as electrocatalysts, enabling recovery by dialysis or membrane filtration. Using anodic alcohol oxidation as an example, we have demonstrated that TEMPO-modified polymethacrylates (TPMA) can act as efficient and recyclable catalysts. In the present work, the influence of the molecular size on the redox properties and the catalytic activity was carefully elaborated using a series of TPMAs with well-defined molecular weight distributions. Cyclic voltammetry studies show that the polymer chain length has a pronounced impact on the key-properties. Together with preparative-scale electrolysis experiments, an optimum size range was identified for polymediator-guided sustainable reaction control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Prudlik
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nayereh Mohebbati
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Laura Hildebrandt
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alina Heck
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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8
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Threatt SD, Rees DC. Biological nitrogen fixation in theory, practice, and reality: a perspective on the molybdenum nitrogenase system. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:45-58. [PMID: 36344435 PMCID: PMC10100503 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogenase is the sole enzyme responsible for the ATP-dependent conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen into the bioavailable form of ammonia (NH3 ), making this protein essential for the maintenance of the nitrogen cycle and thus life itself. Despite the widespread use of the Haber-Bosch process to industrially produce NH3 , biological nitrogen fixation still accounts for half of the bioavailable nitrogen on Earth. An important feature of nitrogenase is that it operates under physiological conditions, where the equilibrium strongly favours ammonia production. This biological, multielectron reduction is a complex catalytic reaction that has perplexed scientists for decades. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the molybdenum nitrogenase system based on experimental and computational research, as well as the limitations of the crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational techniques employed. Finally, essential outstanding questions regarding the nitrogenase system will be highlighted alongside suggestions for future experimental and computational work to elucidate this essential yet elusive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D Threatt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Rees
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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9
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Fan J, Li W, Li S, Yang J. High-Throughput Screening of Bicationic Redox Materials for Chemical Looping Ammonia Synthesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202811. [PMID: 35871554 PMCID: PMC9507380 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia recently has gained increasing attention as a carrier for the efficient and safe usage of hydrogen to further advance the hydrogen economy. However, there is a pressing need to develop new ammonia synthesis techniques to overcome the problem of intense energy consumption associated with the widely used Haber-Bosch process. Chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) is a promising approach to tackle this problem, but the ideal redox materials to drive these chemical looping processes are yet to be discovered. Here, by mining the well-established MP database, the reaction free energies for CLAS involving 1699 bicationic inorganic redox pairs are screened to comprehensively investigate their potentials as efficient redox materials in four different CLAS schemes. A state-of-the-art machine learning strategy is further deployed to significantly widen the chemical space for discovering the promising redox materials from more than half a million candidates. Most importantly, using the three-step H2 O-CL as an example, a new metric is introduced to determine bicationic redox pairs that are "cooperatively enhanced" compared to their corresponding monocationic counterparts. It is found that bicationic compounds containing a combination of alkali/alkaline-earth metals and transition metal (TM)/post-TM/metalloid elements are compounds that are particularly promising in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Fan
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteSchool of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Wenxian Li
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteSchool of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Sean Li
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteSchool of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Jack Yang
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteSchool of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
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10
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Xiu Z, Zheng M, Li J, Wei F, Dong C, Zhang M, Zhou X, Han X. Fe-VS 2 Electrocatalyst with Organic Matrix-Mediated Electron Transfer for Highly Efficient Nitrogen Fixation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200741. [PMID: 35670288 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical N2 fixation is considered to be a promising alternative to Haber-Bosch technology. Inspired by the composition and structure of natural nitrogenase, Fe-doped VS2 nanosheets were prepared via one-step solvothermal method. The electron transfer system mediated by organic conductive polymer (1-AAQ-PA) was constructed to promote the electron transfer between Fe-VS2 nanosheets and the electrode in electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR). The obtained 1-AAQ-PA-Fe-VS2 electrode converted N2 to NH3 with a yield of 31.6 μg h-1 mg-1 at -0.35 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode and high faradaic efficiency of 23.5 %. The introduction of Fe dopants favored N2 adsorption and activation, while the Li-S bond between Fe-VS2 and Li2 SO4 effectively inhibited hydrogen evolution. The highly efficient electron utilization in the electrocatalytic NRR process was realized using the 1-AAQ-PA as the electron transfer medium. Density functional theory calculations showed that N2 was preferentially adsorbed on Fe and reduced to NH3 via both distal and alternating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zheng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Changchang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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11
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Analysis of the Ammonia Production Rates by Nitrogenase. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is produced industrially by the Haber–Bosch process from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2) using high temperature and pressure with an iron catalyst. In contrast to the extreme conditions used in the Haber–Bosch process, biology has evolved nitrogenase enzymes, which operate at ambient temperature and pressure. In biological settings, nitrogenase requires large amounts of energy in the form of ATP, using at least 13 GJ ton−1 of ammonia. In 2016, Brown et al. reported ATP-free ammonia production by nitrogenase. This result led to optimism that the energy demands of nitrogenase could be reduced. More recent reports confirmed the ATP-free production of ammonia; however, the rates of reaction are at least an order of magnitude lower. A more detailed understanding of the role of ATP in nitrogenase catalysis is required to develop ATP-free catalytic systems with higher ammonia production rates. Finally, we calculated the theoretical maximal ammonia production rate by nitrogenase and compared it to currently used Haber–Bosch catalysts. Somewhat surprisingly, nitrogenase has a similar theoretical maximum rate to the Haber–Bosch catalysts; however, strategies need to be developed to allow the enzyme to maintain operation at its optimal rate.
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12
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Electricity-driven bioproduction from CO2 and N2 feedstocks using enriched mixed microbial culture. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Han Z, Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. Computer-Aided Rational Construction of Mediated Bioelectrocatalysis with π-Conjugated (Hetero)cyclic Molecules: Toward Promoted Distant Electron Tunneling and Improved Biosensing. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8033-8040. [PMID: 35604848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly π-conjugated (hetero)cyclic molecules having delocalized orbitals and tunable charge mobilities are attractive redox relays for mediated bioelectrocatalysis in manifold applications. As rigid molecules, their dynamics within the soft but confined intraprotein space becomes the crucial determinant of the enzyme-mediator electron-tunneling efficiency. However, it is rarely investigated in designing the mediated interface with a particular biocatalyst (e.g., oxidoreductase), which remains an empirical but try-and-error process. Herein, we present the computer-aided exploration of interactions between a flavin-containing reductive synthase and structurally diverse π-extended (hetero)cyclic mediators to realize reversed bioelectrocatalytic oxidation at low overpotentials. Compared to ring-fused systems with unbroken molecular planarity, heteroatom-bridged cyclic, and rotatable conjugated structures (e.g., indophenols) can experience unusually large dynamic torsion under biased forces of hydrogen bonding with enzyme residues. This behavior led to fast intraprotein reorientation (<50 ps) that shortened the electron-tunneling distance from 12 to 9 Å. Meanwhile, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level upon molecular torsion was decreased by 0.5 eV to further promote electron abstraction from the reduced flavin cofactor. An efficient distant electron tunneling also obviated mediator transport through the substrate channel, thus avoiding competitive inhibition on enzyme kinetics to broaden the operating concentration range. The resulting bioelectrocatalytic interface enables low-potential biosensing of glutamate with improved selectivity. Our finding provides new structural insights into constructing efficient long-range heterogeneous charge transport with biomacromolecular catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Zhao X, Zhang N, Yang T, Liu D, Jing X, Wang D, Yang Z, Xie Y, Meng L. Bimetallic Metal-Organic Frameworks: Enhanced Peroxidase-like Activities for the Self-Activated Cascade Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36106-36116. [PMID: 34313120 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are significant useful molecular materials as a result of their high surface area and flexible catalytic activities by tuning the metal centers and ligands. MOFs have attracted great attention as efficient nanozymes recently; however, it is still difficult to understand polymetallic MOFs for enzymatic catalysis because of their complicated structure and interactions. Herein, bimetallic NiFe2 MOF octahedra were well prepared and exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activities. The synergistic effect of Fe and Ni atoms was systematically investigated by electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, (XPS) and in situ Raman techniques. The electrons tend to transfer from Ni2+ to Fe3+ in NiFe2 MOFs, and the resulting Fe2+ is ready to decompose H2O2 and generate ·OH by a Fenton-like reaction. After integration with glucose oxidase (GOx), which can downgrade the pH value and generate H2O2 by oxidation of glucose, a self-activated cascade reagent is therefore established for efficiently inducing cell death. The changes of cell morphology, DNA, and protein are also successfully recorded during the cell death process by Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Daomeng Liu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xunan Jing
- Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Daquan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunchuan Xie
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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Lee YS, Gerulskis R, Minteer SD. Advances in electrochemical cofactor regeneration: enzymatic and non-enzymatic approaches. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:14-21. [PMID: 34246871 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD(P)H) is a metabolically interconnected redox cofactor serving as a hydride source for the majority of oxidoreductases, and consequently constituting a significant cost factor for bioprocessing. Much research has been devoted to the development of efficient, affordable, and sustainable methods for the regeneration of these cofactors through chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical approaches. However, the enzymatic approach using formate dehydrogenase is still the most abundantly employed in industrial applications, even though it suffers from system complexity and product purity issues. In this review, we summarize non-enzymatic and enzymatic electrochemical approaches for cofactor regeneration, then discuss recent developments to solve major issues. Issues discussed include Rh-catalyst mediated enzyme mutual inactivation, electron-transfer rates, catalyst sustainability, product selectivity and simplifying product purification. Recently reported remedies are discussed, such as heterogeneous metal catalysts generating H+ as the sole byproduct or high activity and stability redox-polymer immobilized enzymatic systems for sustainable organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Rokas Gerulskis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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16
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Lee YS, Lim K, Minteer SD. Cascaded Biocatalysis and Bioelectrocatalysis: Overview and Recent Advances. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:467-488. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-050109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme cascades are plentiful in nature, but they also have potential in artificial applications due to the possibility of using the target substrate in biofuel cells, electrosynthesis, and biosensors. Cascade reactions from enzymes or hybrid bioorganic catalyst systems exhibit extended substrate range, reaction depth, and increased overall performance. This review addresses the strategies of cascade biocatalysis and bioelectrocatalysis for ( a) CO2 fixation, ( b) high value-added product formation, ( c) sustainable energy sources via deep oxidation, and ( d) cascaded electrochemical enzymatic biosensors. These recent updates in the field provide fundamental concepts, designs of artificial electrocatalytic oxidation-reduction pathways (using a flexible setup involving organic catalysts and engineered enzymes), and advances in hybrid cascaded sensors for sensitive analyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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17
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Molybdenum-Containing Metalloenzymes and Synthetic Catalysts for Conversion of Small Molecules. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy deficiency and environmental problems have motivated researchers to develop energy conversion systems into a sustainable pathway, and the development of catalysts holds the center of the research endeavors. Natural catalysts such as metalloenzymes have maintained energy cycles on Earth, thus proving themselves the optimal catalysts. In the previous research results, the structural and functional analogs of enzymes and nano-sized electrocatalysts have shown promising activities in energy conversion reactions. Mo ion plays essential roles in natural and artificial catalysts, and the unique electrochemical properties render its versatile utilization as an electrocatalyst. In this review paper, we show the current understandings of the Mo-enzyme active sites and the recent advances in the synthesis of Mo-catalysts aiming for high-performing catalysts.
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18
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Wang P, Frank A, Zhao F, Szczesny J, Junqueira JRC, Zacarias S, Ruff A, Nowaczyk MM, Pereira IAC, Rögner M, Conzuelo F, Schuhmann W. Gemischte Photosystem‐I‐Monoschichten ermöglichen einen verbesserten anisotropen Elektronenfluss in Biophotovoltaik‐Systemen durch Unterdrückung elektrischer Kurzschlüsse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Anna Frank
- Plant Biochemistry Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Julian Szczesny
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - João R. C. Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Sónia Zacarias
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras 2780-157 Portugal
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
- PPG (Deutschland) Business Support GmbH PPG Packaging Coatings EMEA Erlenbrunnenstraße 20 72411 Bodelshausen Deutschland
| | - Marc M. Nowaczyk
- Plant Biochemistry Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Inês A. C. Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras 2780-157 Portugal
| | - Matthias Rögner
- Plant Biochemistry Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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19
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Wang P, Frank A, Zhao F, Szczesny J, Junqueira JRC, Zacarias S, Ruff A, Nowaczyk MM, Pereira IAC, Rögner M, Conzuelo F, Schuhmann W. Closing the Gap for Electronic Short-Circuiting: Photosystem I Mixed Monolayers Enable Improved Anisotropic Electron Flow in Biophotovoltaic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2000-2006. [PMID: 33075190 PMCID: PMC7894356 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined assemblies of photosynthetic protein complexes are required for an optimal performance of semi-artificial energy conversion devices, capable of providing unidirectional electron flow when light-harvesting proteins are interfaced with electrode surfaces. We present mixed photosystem I (PSI) monolayers constituted of native cyanobacterial PSI trimers in combination with isolated PSI monomers from the same organism. The resulting compact arrangement ensures a high density of photoactive protein complexes per unit area, providing the basis to effectively minimize short-circuiting processes that typically limit the performance of PSI-based bioelectrodes. The PSI film is further interfaced with redox polymers for optimal electron transfer, enabling highly efficient light-induced photocurrent generation. Coupling of the photocathode with a [NiFeSe]-hydrogenase confirms the possibility to realize light-induced H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Anna Frank
- Plant BiochemistryFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Julian Szczesny
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - João R. C. Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Sónia Zacarias
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeiras2780-157Portugal
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
- Present Address: PPG (Deutschland) Business Support GmbHPPG Packaging Coatings EMEAErlenbrunnenstrasse 2072411BodelshausenGermany
| | - Marc M. Nowaczyk
- Plant BiochemistryFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Inês A. C. Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeiras2780-157Portugal
| | - Matthias Rögner
- Plant BiochemistryFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
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20
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Abstract
Bioelectrocatalysis has become one of the most important research fields in electrochemistry and provided a firm base for the application of important technology in various bioelectrochemical devices, such as biosensors, biofuel cells, and biosupercapacitors. The understanding and technology of bioelectrocatalysis have greatly improved with the introduction of nanostructured electrode materials and protein-engineering methods over the last few decades. Recently, the electroenzymatic production of renewable energy resources and useful organic compounds (bioelectrosynthesis) has attracted worldwide attention. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the applications of enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis.
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22
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Abstract
Biocatalysts provide a number of advantages such as high selectivity, the ability to operate under mild reaction conditions and availability from renewable resources that are of interest in the development of bioreactors for applications in the pharmaceutical and other sectors. The use of oxidoreductases in biocatalytic reactors is primarily focused on the use of NAD(P)-dependent enzymes, with the recycling of the cofactor occurring via an additional enzymatic system. The use of electrochemically based systems has been limited. This review focuses on the development of electrochemically based biocatalytic reactors. The mechanisms of mediated and direct electron transfer together with methods of immobilising enzymes are briefly reviewed. The use of electrochemically based batch and flow reactors is reviewed in detail with a focus on recent developments in the use of high surface area electrodes, enzyme engineering and enzyme cascades. A future perspective on electrochemically based bioreactors is presented.
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Rapson TD, Gregg CM, Allen RS, Ju H, Doherty CM, Mulet X, Giddey S, Wood CC. Insights into Nitrogenase Bioelectrocatalysis for Green Ammonia Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4856-4865. [PMID: 32696610 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using ammonia as a liquid carrier of hydrogen for energy applications. Currently, ammonia is produced industrially by the Haber-Bosch process, which requires high temperature and high pressure. In contrast, bacteria have naturally evolved an enzyme known as nitrogenase, that is capable of producing ammonia and hydrogen at ambient temperature and pressure. Therefore, nitrogenases are attractive as a potentially more efficient means to produce ammonia via harnessing the unique properties of this enzyme. In recent years, exciting progress has been made in bioelectrocatalysis using nitrogenases to produce ammonia. Here, the prospects for developing biological ammonia production are outlined, key advances in bioelectrocatalysis by nitrogenases are highlighted, and possible solutions to the obstacles faced in realising this goal are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Rapson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Robert S Allen
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - HyungKuk Ju
- CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cara M Doherty
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarbjit Giddey
- CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig C Wood
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
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