1
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Móran Plata MJ, Marretta L, Gaztelumendi L, Pieslinger GE, Carballo RR, Rezabal E, Barone G, Martínez-Martínez V, Terenzi A, Salassa L. Alloxazine-Based Ligands and Their Ruthenium Complexes as NADH Oxidation Catalysts and G4 Binders. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16362-16373. [PMID: 39151171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Flavin-like ligands (L-1 and L-2) with extended π-conjugation were synthesized using microwave-assisted techniques. An N,N-chelating fragment was integrated into alloxazine units, providing binding sites for metal ions while retaining redox activity. The complexation capability of L-1 and L-2 with two prototypical Ru-scaffolds was examined to design Ru(II) complexes (M-1 and M-2), whose electronic properties were studied and compared with their corresponding ligands via absorption and emission spectroscopy, computational analysis (density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT)), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ability of L-1 and M-1 to undergo alloxazine/isoalloxazine tautomerization was demonstrated to play a crucial role in the photocatalytic oxidation of NADH, including under green and red wavelengths. Moreover, the interaction of M-1 and M-2 with B-DNA and G-quadruplex structures was investigated. M-2 showed high stabilization of Kit1 and h-Telo oligonucleotides. Meanwhile, M-1 demonstrated switchable emissive properties with B-DNA and induced conformational changes in the h-Telo G-quadruplex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Móran Plata
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | - Laura Marretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Lander Gaztelumendi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | - German E Pieslinger
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Romina R Carballo
- CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Elixabete Rezabal
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Terenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
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2
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Tian S, Long G, Zhou P, Liu F, Zhang X, Ding C, Li C. A Coupled System of Ni 3S 2 and Rh Complex with Biomimetic Function for Electrocatalytic 1,4-NAD(P)H Regeneration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15730-15739. [PMID: 38776525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
NAD(P)H cofactor is a critical energy and electron carrier in biocatalysis and photosynthesis, but the artificial reduction of NAD(P)+ to regenerate bioactive 1,4-NAD(P)H with both high activity and selectivity is challenging. Herein, we found that a coupled system of a Ni3S2 electrode and a Rh complex in an electrolyte (denoted as Ni3S2-Rh) can catalyze the reduction of NAD(P)+ to 1,4-NAD(P)H with superior activity and selectivity. The optimized selectivity in 1,4-NADH can be up to 99.1%, much higher than that for Ni3S2 (80%); the normalized activity of Ni3S2-Rh is about 5.8 times that of Ni3S2 and 13.2 times that of the Rh complex. The high performance of Ni3S2-Rh is attributed to the synergistic effect between metal sulfides and Rh complex. The NAD+ reduction reaction proceeds via a concerted electron-proton transfer (CEPT) mechanism in the Ni3S2-Rh system, in which Ni3S2 acts as a proton and electron-transfer mediator to accelerate the formation of Rh hydride (Rh-H), and then the Rh-H regioselectively transfers the hydride to NAD+ to form 1,4-NADH. The artificial system Ni3S2-Rh essentially mimics the functions of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guifa Long
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Chen M, Liu F, Wu Y, Li Y, Liu C, Zhao Z, Zhang P, Zhao Y, Sun L, Li F. Bioinspired photoelectrochemical NADH regeneration based on a molecular catalyst-modified photocathode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3319-3322. [PMID: 38433668 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
For photoelectrochemical NADH regeneration, an electrode-supported "lipid bilayer membrane" photocathode based on a p-Si semiconductor, an electron transport mediator (OBV2+), and a [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl]+ catalyst was constructed by self-assembly. Mechanistic study shows that OBV2+ can enhance the charge transfer between the semiconductor and catalyst, leading to a significant improvement of the NADH photo-regeneration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yizhou Wu
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yingzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Peili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yilong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Fusheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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4
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Meyer J, Romero M, Thöming J, Baune M, Reimer N, Dringen R, Bösing I. Experimental insights into electrocatalytic [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl] + mediated NADH regeneration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22394. [PMID: 38104175 PMCID: PMC10725497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
NADH plays a crucial role in many enzymatically catalysed reactions. Due to the high costs of NADH a regeneration mechanism of this cofactor can enlarge the applications of enzymatic reactions dramatically. This paper gives a thorough system analysis of the mediated electrochemical regeneration of active NADH using cyclic voltammograms and potentiostatic measurements with varying pH, electrode potential, and electrolyte solution, highlighting the system's limiting conditions, elucidating optimal working parameters for the electrochemical reduction of NAD+, and bringing new insight on the oxidation of inactive reduction products. Using [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+ as an electron mediator dramatically increases the percentage of enzymatically active electrochemically reduced NADH from 15% (direct) to 99% (mediated) with a faradaic efficiency of up to 86%. Furthermore, investigations of the catalytic mechanisms of [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+ clarifies the necessary conditions for its functioning and questions the proposed reaction mechanism by two-step reduction where first the mediator is reduced and then brought in contact with NAD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Meyer
- Chemical Process Engineering Group (CVT), Leobener Strasse 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Manuela Romero
- Chemical Process Engineering Group (CVT), Leobener Strasse 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering Group (CVT), Leobener Strasse 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Baune
- Chemical Process Engineering Group (CVT), Leobener Strasse 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nicholas Reimer
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Bösing
- Chemical Process Engineering Group (CVT), Leobener Strasse 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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5
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Zhao LJ, Zhang C, Zhang S, Lv X, Chen J, Sun X, Su H, Murayama T, Qi C. High Selectivity Cofactor NADH Regeneration Organic Iridium Complexes Used for High-Efficiency Chem-Enzyme Cascade Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17577-17582. [PMID: 37843583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Our research demonstrated that novel pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) iridium pyridine sulfonamide complex PySO2NPh-Ir (7) could highly specifically catalyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) into the corresponding reducing cofactor NADH in cell growth media containing various biomolecules. The structures and catalytic mechanism of 7 were studied by single-crystal X-ray, NMR, electrochemical, and kinetic methods, and the formation of iridium hydride species Ir-H was confirmed to be the plausible hydride-transfer intermediate of 7. Moreover, benefiting from its high hydrogen-transfer activity and selectivity for NADH regeneration, 7 was used as an optimal metal catalyst to establish a chem-enzyme cascade catalytic hydrogen-transfer system, which realized the high-efficiency preparation of l-glutamic acid by combining with l-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Huijuan Su
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Toru Murayama
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-Based Society, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Caixia Qi
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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6
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Sapountzaki E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Antonopoulou I. Renewable Hydrogen Production and Storage Via Enzymatic Interconversion of CO 2 and Formate with Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202312. [PMID: 37165995 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions has motivated the development of CO2 capture and utilization technologies. An emerging application is CO2 transformation into storage chemicals for clean energy carriers. Formic acid (FA), a valuable product of CO2 reduction, is an excellent hydrogen carrier. CO2 conversion to FA, followed by H2 release from FA, are conventionally chemically catalyzed. Biocatalysts offer a highly specific and less energy-intensive alternative. CO2 conversion to formate is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which usually requires a cofactor to function. Several FDHs have been incorporated in bioelectrochemical systems where formate is produced by the biocathode and the cofactor is electrochemically regenerated. H2 production from formate is also catalyzed by several microorganisms possessing either formate hydrogenlyase or hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase complexes. Combination of these two processes can lead to a CO2 -recycling cycle for H2 production, storage, and release with potentially lower environmental impact than conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Sapountzaki
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
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7
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Villa R, Nieto S, Donaire A, Lozano P. Direct Biocatalytic Processes for CO 2 Capture as a Green Tool to Produce Value-Added Chemicals. Molecules 2023; 28:5520. [PMID: 37513391 PMCID: PMC10383722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct biocatalytic processes for CO2 capture and transformation in value-added chemicals may be considered a useful tool for reducing the concentration of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Among the other enzymes, carbonic anhydrase (CA) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) are two key biocatalysts suitable for this challenge, facilitating the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in complementary ways. Carbonic anhydrases accelerate CO2 uptake by promoting its solubility in water in the form of hydrogen carbonate as the first step in converting the gas into a species widely used in carbon capture storage and its utilization processes (CCSU), particularly in carbonation and mineralization methods. On the other hand, formate dehydrogenases represent the biocatalytic machinery evolved by certain organisms to convert CO2 into enriched, reduced, and easily transportable hydrogen species, such as formic acid, via enzymatic cascade systems that obtain energy from chemical species, electrochemical sources, or light. Formic acid is the basis for fixing C1-carbon species to other, more reduced molecules. In this review, the state-of-the-art of both methods of CO2 uptake is assessed, highlighting the biotechnological approaches that have been developed using both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Villa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Donaire
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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8
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Tensi L, Dall’Anese A, Annunziata A, Mearini S, Nofrini V, Menendez Rodriguez G, Carotti A, Sardella R, Ruffo F, Macchioni A. Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Iridium Complexes Bearing Carbohydrate Functionalized Pyridincarboxamide Ligands and Their Application as Catalysts in the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α-Ketoacids in Water. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Dall’Anese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Annunziata
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Simone Mearini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Nofrini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via A. Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and CIRCC, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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9
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Reaction Intermediates in Artificial Photosynthesis with Molecular Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
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10
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Sharma VK, Hutchison JM, Allgeier AM. Redox Biocatalysis: Quantitative Comparisons of Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration Methods. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200888. [PMID: 36129761 PMCID: PMC10029092 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic processes, particularly those capable of performing redox reactions, have recently been of growing research interest. Substrate specificity, optimal activity at mild temperatures, high selectivity, and yield are among the desirable characteristics of these oxidoreductase catalyzed reactions. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) or NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases have been extensively studied for their potential applications like biosynthesis of chiral organic compounds, construction of biosensors, and pollutant degradation. One of the main challenges associated with making these processes commercially viable is the regeneration of the expensive cofactors required by the enzymes. Numerous efforts have pursued enzymatic regeneration of NAD(P)H by coupling a substrate reduction with a complementary enzyme catalyzed oxidation of a co-substrate. While offering excellent selectivity and high total turnover numbers, such processes involve complicated downstream product separation of a primary product from the coproducts and impurities. Alternative methods comprising chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical regeneration have been developed with the goal of enhanced efficiency and operational simplicity compared to enzymatic regeneration. Despite the goal, however, the literature rarely offers a meaningful comparison of the total turnover numbers for various regeneration methodologies. This comprehensive Review systematically discusses various methods of NAD(P)H cofactor regeneration and quantitatively compares performance across the numerous methods. Further, fundamental barriers to enhanced cofactor regeneration in the various methods are identified, and future opportunities are highlighted for improving the efficiency and sustainability of commercially viable oxidoreductase processes for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Sharma
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Justin M Hutchison
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Alan M Allgeier
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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11
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Wang M, Zhao Z, Li C, Li H, Liu J, Yang Q. Synergy of metal nanoparticles and organometallic complex in NAD(P)H regeneration via relay hydrogenation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5699. [PMID: 36171210 PMCID: PMC9519545 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most, if not all, of the hydrogenation reactions are catalyzed by organometallic complexes (M) or heterogeneous metal catalysts, but to improve both the activity and selectivity simultaneously in one reaction via a rational combination of the two types of catalysts remains largely unexplored. In this work, we report a hydrogenation mode though H species relay from supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) to M, where the former is responsible for H2 dissociation, and M is for further hydride transferring to reactants. The synergy between metal NPs and M yields an efficient NAD(P)H regeneration system with >99% selectivity and a magnitude higher activity than the corresponding metal NPs and M. The modularizing of hydrogenation reaction into hydrogen activation with metal NPs and substrate activation with metal complex paves a new way to rationally address the challenging hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maodi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Chunzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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12
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Tensi L, Yakimov AV, Trotta C, Domestici C, De Jesus Silva J, Docherty SR, Zuccaccia C, Copéret C, Macchioni A. Single-Site Iridium Picolinamide Catalyst Immobilized onto Silica for the Hydrogenation of CO 2 and the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10575-10586. [PMID: 35766898 PMCID: PMC9348825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The development of
an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for storing
H2 into CO2 and releasing it from the produced
formic acid, when needed, is a crucial target for overcoming some
intrinsic criticalities of green hydrogen exploitation, such as high
flammability, low density, and handling. Herein, we report an efficient
heterogeneous catalyst for both reactions prepared by immobilizing
a molecular iridium organometallic catalyst onto a high-surface mesoporous
silica, through a sol–gel methodology. The presence of tailored
single-metal catalytic sites, derived by a suitable choice of ligands
with desired steric and electronic characteristics, in combination
with optimized support features, makes the immobilized catalyst highly
active. Furthermore, the information derived from multinuclear DNP-enhanced
NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Ir L3-edge XAS
indicates the formation of cationic iridium sites. It is quite remarkable
to note that the immobilized catalyst shows essentially the same catalytic
activity as its molecular analogue in the hydrogenation of CO2. In the reverse reaction of HCOOH dehydrogenation, it is
approximately twice less active but has no induction period. We report the synthesis of a heterogeneous
immobilized catalyst
(Ir_PicaSi_SiO2) and its successful
application in aqueous CO2 hydrogenation and FA dehydrogenation.
The information derived from multinuclear DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy,
elemental analysis, and XAS indicates the presence of cationic iridium
sites in Ir_PicaSi_SiO2. The
latter shows essentially the same catalytic activity as its molecular
analogue in the hydrogenation of CO2. In the reverse reaction
of HCOOH dehydrogenation, it is approximately twice less active but
has no induction period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alexander V Yakimov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Chiara Domestici
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Jordan De Jesus Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Scott R Docherty
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
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13
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Ganesan V, Kim JJ, Shin J, Park K, Yoon S. Efficient Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Regeneration with a Rhodium-Carbene Catalyst and Isolation of a Hydride Intermediate. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5683-5690. [PMID: 35389623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been the primary interest in the field of enzymatic transformation, especially associating oxidoreductases given the stoichiometric consumption. The synthesized carbene-ligated rhodium complex [(η5-Cp*)Rh(MDI)Cl]+ [Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; MDI = 1,1'-methylenebis(3,3'-dimethylimidazolium)] acts as an exceptional catalyst in the reduction of NAD+ to NADH with a turnover frequency of 1730 h-1, which is over twice that of the higher catalytic activity of the commercially available catalyst [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Offsetting the contentious atmosphere currently taking place over the specific intermediate of the NADH regeneration, this study presents pivotal evidence of a metal hydride intermediate with a bis(carbene) ligand: a stable form of the rhodium hydride intermediate, [(η5-Cp*)Rh(MDI)H]+, was isolated and fully characterized. This enables thorough insight into the possible mechanism and exact intermediate structure in the NAD+ reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothkumar Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Juhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongcheol Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhang LY, Geng JB, Wang NX, Wu YH, Yan Z, Xu BC, Xing Y. The Efficient Synthesis of 2-(3-Carbamoylpyridine-2-yl) Nicotinamide Pyridine
Salts. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210706112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
The synthesis of axially chiral compounds has attracted a great deal of attention in
recent years. Herein, an efficient and economical synthetic route has been developed for 2-(3-
carbamoylpyridin-2-yl) nicotinamide pyridine salts, axially chiral compounds. The starting material
1,10-phenanthroline is readily available. In this study, 2-(3-carbamoylpyridin-2-yl) nicotinamide
pyridine salts are obtained in moderate to good yields. This protocol includes simple
operations and has easy scalability. In addition, the axial chirality of the products is also preliminary
studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Yang Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jing-Bo Geng
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Nai-Xing Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhan Yan
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bao-Cai Xu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University,
Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yalan Xing
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, New Jersey, 07470,
United States
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15
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Rubio AR, González R, Busto N, Vaquero M, Iglesias AL, Jalón FA, Espino G, Rodríguez AM, García B, Manzano BR. Anticancer Activity of Half-Sandwich Ru, Rh and Ir Complexes with Chrysin Derived Ligands: Strong Effect of the Side Chain in the Ligand and Influence of the Metal. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1540. [PMID: 34683834 PMCID: PMC8537477 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in the field of anticancer chemotherapy is the search for new species to overcome the resistance of standard drugs. An interesting approach is to link bioactive ligands to metal fragments. In this work, we have synthesized a set of p-cymene-Ru or cyclopentadienyl-M (M = Rh, Ir) complexes with four chrysin-derived pro-ligands with different -OR substituents at position 7 of ring A. The introduction of a piperidine ring on chrysin led to the highly cytotoxic pro-ligand HL4 and its metal complexes L4-M (SW480 and A549 cell lines, cytotoxic order: L4-Ir > L4-Ru ≈ L4-Rh). HL4 and its complexes induce apoptosis and can overcome cis-platinum resistance. However, HL4 turns out to be more cytotoxic in healthy than in tumor cells in contrast to its metal complexes which displayed higher selectivity than cisplatin towards cancer cells. All L4-M complexes interact with double stranded DNA. Nonetheless, the influence of the metal is clear because only complex L4-Ir causes DNA cleavage, through the generation of highly reactive oxygen species (1O2). This result supports the hypothesis of a potential dual mechanism consisting of two different chemical pathways: DNA binding and ROS generation. This behavior provides this complex with a great effectivity in terms of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Rubio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Rocío González
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Mónica Vaquero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana L. Iglesias
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología (FCITEC), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario # 1000, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Baja California, Tijuana 21500, Mexico
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 2, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Begoña García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
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16
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Cheng Y, Shi J, Wu Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Cai Z, Chen Y, Jiang Z. Intensifying Electron Utilization by Surface-Anchored Rh Complex for Enhanced Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration and Photoenzymatic CO 2 Reduction. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:8175709. [PMID: 33693433 PMCID: PMC7910525 DOI: 10.34133/2021/8175709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Solar-driven photocatalytic regeneration of cofactors, including reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), could ensure the sustainable energy supply of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases for the efficient synthesis of chemicals. However, the elevation of cofactor regeneration efficiency is severely hindered by the inefficient utilization of electrons transferred on the surface of photocatalysts. Inspired by the phenomenon of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) anchoring on thylakoid membrane, herein, a homogeneous catalyst of rhodium (Rh) complex, [Cp∗Rh(bpy)H2O]2+, was anchored on polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) mediated by a tannic acid/polyethyleneimine (TA/PEI) adhesive layer, acquiring PCN@TA/PEI-Rh core@shell photocatalyst. Illuminated by visible light, electrons were excited from the PCN core, then transferred through the TA/PEI shell, and finally captured by the surface-anchored Rh for instant utilization during the regeneration of NADH. The TA/PEI-Rh shell could facilitate the electron transfer from the PCN core and, more importantly, achieved ~1.3-fold elevation of electron utilization efficiency compared with PCN. Accordingly, the PCN@TA/PEI-Rh afforded the NADH regeneration efficiency of 37.8% after 20 min reaction under LED light (405 nm) illumination, over 1.5 times higher than PCN with free Rh. Coupling of the NADH regeneration system with formate dehydrogenase achieved continuous production of formate from carbon dioxide (CO2). Our study may provide a generic and effective strategy to elevate the catalytic efficiency of a photocatalyst through intensifying the electron utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiafu Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Yizhou Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiying Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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17
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Menendez Rodriguez G, Zaccaria F, Tensi L, Zuccaccia C, Belanzoni P, Macchioni A. Understanding the Deactivation Pathways of Iridium(III) Pyridine-Carboxiamide Catalysts for Formic Acid Dehydrogenation. Chemistry 2021; 27:2050-2064. [PMID: 33141938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The degradation pathways of highly active [Cp*Ir(κ2 -N,N-R-pica)Cl] catalysts (pica=picolinamidate; 1 R=H, 2 R=Me) for formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Under acidic conditions (1 equiv. of HNO3 ), 2 undergoes partial protonation of the amide moiety, inducing rapid κ2 -N,N to κ2 -N,O ligand isomerization. Consistently, DFT modeling on the simpler complex 1 showed that the κ2 -N,N key intermediate of FA dehydrogenation (INH ), bearing a N-protonated pica, can easily transform into the κ2 -N,O analogue (INH2 ; ΔG≠ ≈11 kcal mol-1 , ΔG ≈-5 kcal mol-1 ). Intramolecular hydrogen liberation from INH2 is predicted to be rather prohibitive (ΔG≠ ≈26 kcal mol-1 , ΔG≈23 kcal mol-1 ), indicating that FA dehydrogenation should involve mostly κ2 -N,N intermediates, at least at relatively high pH. Under FA dehydrogenation conditions, 2 was progressively consumed, and the vast majority of the Ir centers (58 %) were eventually found in the form of Cp*-complexes with a pyridine-amine ligand. This likely derived from hydrogenation of the pyridine-carboxiamide via a hemiaminal intermediate, which could also be detected. Clear evidence for ligand hydrogenation being the main degradation pathway also for 1 was obtained, as further confirmed by spectroscopic and catalytic tests on the independently synthesized degradation product 1 c. DFT calculations confirmed that this side reaction is kinetically and thermodynamically accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta", (CNR-SCITEC), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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