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Maguire S, Strachan G, Norvaiša K, Donohoe C, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Senge MO. Porphyrin Atropisomerism as a Molecular Engineering Tool in Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Recognition, Supramolecular Assembly, and Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401559. [PMID: 38787350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin atropisomerism, which arises from restricted σ-bond rotation between the macrocycle and a sufficiently bulky substituent, was identified in 1969 by Gottwald and Ullman in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins. Henceforth, an entirely new field has emerged utilizing this transformative tool. This review strives to explain the consequences of atropisomerism in porphyrins, the methods which have been developed for their separation and analysis and present the diverse array of applications. Porphyrins alone possess intriguing properties and a structure which can be easily decorated and molded for a specific function. Therefore, atropisomerism serves as a transformative tool, making it possible to obtain even a specific molecular shape. Atropisomerism has been thoroughly exploited in catalysis and molecular recognition yet presents both challenges and opportunities in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Maguire
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Grant Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Karolis Norvaiša
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Claire Donohoe
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg Str. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Santra A, Das A, Kaur S, Jain P, Ingole PP, Paria S. Catalytic reduction of oxygen to water by non-heme iron complexes: exploring the effect of the secondary coordination sphere proton exchanging site. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4095-4105. [PMID: 38487234 PMCID: PMC10935699 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared non-heme FeIII complexes (1, 2, and 3) of an N4 donor set of ligands (H2L, Me2L, and BPh2L). 1 is supported by a monoanionic bispyridine-dioxime ligand (HL). In 2 and 3, the primary coordination sphere of Fe remained similar to that in 1, except that the oxime protons of the ligand were replaced with two methyl groups and a bridging -BPh2 moiety, respectively. X-ray structures of the FeII complexes (1a and 3a) revealed similar Fe-N distances; however, they were slightly elongated in 2a. The FeIII/FeII potential of 1, 2, and 3 appeared at -0.31 V, -0.25 V, and 0.07 V vs. Fc+/Fc, respectively, implying that HL and Me2L have comparable donor properties. However, BPh2L is more electron deficient than HL or Me2L. 1 showed electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in acetonitrile in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFAH) as the proton source at Ecat/2 = -0.45 V and revealed selective 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 to H2O. 1 showed an effective overpotential (ηeff) of 0.98 V and turnover frequency (TOFmax) of 1.02 × 103 s-1. Kinetic studies revealed a kcat of 2.7 × 107 M-2 s-1. Strikingly, 2 and 3 remained inactive for electrocatalytic ORR, which established the essential role of the oxime scaffolds in the electrocatalytic ORR of 1. Furthermore, a chemical ORR of 1 has been investigated using decamethylferrocene as the electron source. For 1, a similar rate equation was noted to that of the electrocatalytic pathway. A kcat of 6.07 × 104 M-2 s-1 was found chemically. Complex 2, however, underwent a very slow chemical ORR. Complex 3 chemically enhances the 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 and exhibits a TOF of 0.24 s-1 and a kcat value of 2.47 × 102 M-1 s-1. Based on the experimental observations, we demonstrate that the oxime backbone of the ligand in 1 works as a proton exchanging site in the 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2. The study describes how the ORR is affected by the tuning of the ligand scaffold in a family of non-heme Fe complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Avijit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Simarjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Priya Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Pravin P Ingole
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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Singh DK, Natchimuthu Karuppusamy M, Shrivastava A, Palanisamy T, Sinha I, Ganesan V. Sulfonic Acid Functionalization-Boosted Ultrafast, Durable, and Selective Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Evidenced by EC-SHINERS and DFT Studies. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur 222146, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murugasenapathi Natchimuthu Karuppusamy
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anshu Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tamilarasan Palanisamy
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Indrajit Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vellaichamy Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhunia S, Ghatak A, Rana A, Dey A. Amine Groups in the Second Sphere of Iron Porphyrins Allow for Higher and Selective 4e -/4H + Oxygen Reduction Rates at Lower Overpotentials. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3812-3825. [PMID: 36744304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron porphyrins with one or four tertiary amine groups in their second sphere are used to investigate the electrochemical O2 reduction reaction (ORR) in organic (homogeneous) and aqueous (heterogeneous) conditions. Both of these complexes show selective 4e-/4H+ reduction of oxygen to water at rates that are 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those of iron tetraphenylporphyrin lacking these amines in the second sphere. In organic solvents, these amines get protonated, which leads to the lowering of overpotentials, and the rate of the ORR is enhanced almost 75,000 times relative to rates expected from the established scaling relationship for the ORR by iron porphyrins. In the aqueous medium, the same trend of higher ORR rates at a lower overpotential is observed. In situ resonance Raman data under heterogeneous aqueous conditions show that the presence of one amine group in the second sphere leads to a cleavage of the O-O bond in a FeIII-OOH intermediate as the rate-determining step (rds). The presence of four such amine groups enhances the rate of O-O bond cleavage such that this intermediate is no longer observed during the ORR; rather, the proton-coupled reduction of the FeIII-O2- intermediate with a H/D isotope effect of 10.6 is the rds. These data clearly demonstrate changes in the rds of the electrochemical ORR depending on the nature of second-sphere residues and explain their deviation from linear scaling relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Bhunia
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal700032, India
| | - Atanu Rana
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal700032, India
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Chen X, Dai Y, Zhang H, Zhao X. Revealing the steric effects of cobalt porphyrin on the selectivity of oxygen reduction reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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6
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Chattopadhyay S, Samanta S, Sarkar A, Bhattacharya A, Patra S, Dey A. Silver nanostructure-modified graphite electrode for in-operando SERRS investigation of iron porphyrins during high-potential electrocatalysis. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044201. [PMID: 36725507 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In-operando spectroscopic observation of the intermediates formed during various electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions is crucial to propose the mechanism of the corresponding reaction. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy coupled to rotating disk electrochemistry (SERRS-RDE), developed about a decade ago, proved to be an excellent spectroscopic tool to investigate the mechanism of heterogeneous oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyzed by synthetic iron porphyrin complexes under steady-state conditions in water. The information about the formation of the intermediates accumulated during the course of the reaction at the electrode interface helped to develop better ORR catalysts with second sphere residues in the porphyrin rings. To date, the application of this SERRS-RDE setup is limited to ORR only because the thiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified Ag electrode, used as the working electrode in these experiments, suffers from stability issues at more cathodic and anodic potential, where H2O oxidation, CO2 reduction, and H+ reduction reactions occur. The current investigation shows the development of a second-generation SERRS-RDE setup consisting of an Ag nanostructure (AgNS)-modified graphite electrode as the working electrode. These electrodes show higher stability (compared to the conventional thiol SAM-modified Ag electrode) upon exposure to very high cathodic and anodic potential with a good signal-to-noise ratio in the Raman spectra. The behavior of this modified electrode toward ORR is found to be the same as the SAM-modified Ag electrode, and the same ORR intermediates are observed during electrochemical ORR. At higher cathodic potential, the signatures of Fe(0) porphyrin, an important intermediate in H+ and CO2 reduction reactions, was observed at the electrode-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Chattopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Soumya Samanta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Aishik Bhattacharya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman Patra
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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7
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Nath AK, Roy M, Dey C, Dey A, Dey SG. Spin state dependent peroxidase activity of heme bound amyloid β peptides relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14305-14319. [PMID: 36545147 PMCID: PMC9749105 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The colocalization of heme rich deposits in the senile plaque of Aβ in the cerebral cortex of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain along with altered heme homeostasis and heme deficiency symptoms in AD patients has invoked the association of heme in AD pathology. Heme bound Aβ complexes, depending on the concentration of the complex or peptide to heme ratio, exhibit an equilibrium between a high-spin mono-His bound peroxidase-type active site and a low-spin bis-His bound cytochrome b type active site. The high-spin heme-Aβ complex shows higher peroxidase activity than free heme, where compound I is the reactive oxidant. It is also capable of oxidizing neurotransmitters like serotonin in the presence of peroxide, owing to the formation of compound I. The low-spin bis-His heme-Aβ complex on the other hand shows enhanced peroxidase activity relative to high-spin heme-Aβ. It reacts with H2O2 to produce two stable intermediates, compound 0 and compound I, which are characterized by absorption, EPR and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The stability of compound I of low-spin heme-Aβ is accountable for its enhanced peroxidase activity and oxidation of the neurotransmitter serotonin. The effect of the second sphere Tyr10 residue of Aβ on the formation and stability of the intermediates of low-spin heme-Aβ has also been investigated. The higher stability of compound I for low-spin heme-Aβ is likely due to H-bonding interactions involving Tyr10 in the distal pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Madhuparna Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Chinmay Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
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8
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Zhang D, Crawley MR, Fang M, Kyle LJ, Cook TR. The rigidity of self-assembled cofacial porphyrins influences selectivity and kinetics of oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18373-18377. [PMID: 36411983 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02724k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction on a rigid Co(II) porphyrin prism scaffold bridged by Ag(I) ions. The reactivity of this scaffold differs significantly from previous prism catalysts in that its selectivity is similar to that of monomer (∼35% H2O) yet it displays sluggish kinetics, with an order of magnitude lower ks of ∼0.5 M-1 s-1. The deleterious cofacial effect is not simply due to metal-metal separation, which is similar to our most selective prism catalysts. Instead we conclude the structural rigidity is responsible for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Lea J Kyle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
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Guo H, Liang Z, Guo K, Lei H, Wang Y, Zhang W, Cao R. Iron porphyrin with appended guanidyl group for significantly improved electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction activity and selectivity in aqueous solutions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ghatak A, Samanta S, Nayek A, Mukherjee S, Dey SG, Dey A. Second-Sphere Hydrogen-Bond Donors and Acceptors Affect the Rate and Selectivity of Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction by Iron Porphyrins Differently. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12931-12947. [PMID: 35939766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The factors that control the rate and selectivity of 4e-/4H+ O2 reduction are important for efficient energy transformation as well as for understanding the terminal step of respiration in aerobic organisms. Inspired by the design of naturally occurring enzymes which are efficient catalysts for O2 and H2O2 reduction, several artificial systems have been generated where different second-sphere residues have been installed to enhance the rate and efficiency of the 4e-/4H+ O2 reduction. These include hydrogen-bonding residues like amines, carboxylates, ethers, amides, phenols, etc. In some cases, improvements in the catalysis were recorded, whereas in some cases improvements were marginal or nonexistent. In this work, we use an iron porphyrin complex with pendant 1,10-phenanthroline residues which show a pH-dependent variation of the rate of the electrochemical O2 reduction reaction (ORR) over 2 orders of magnitude. In-situ surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of different intermediates at different pH's reflecting different rate-determining steps at different pH's. These data in conjunction with density functional theory calculations reveal that when the distal 1,10-phenanthroline is neutral it acts as a hydrogen-bond acceptor which stabilizes H2O (product) binding to the active FeII state and retards the reaction. However, when the 1,10-phenanthroline is protonated, it acts as a hydrogen-bond donor which enhances O2 reduction by stabilizing FeIII-O2.- and FeIII-OOH intermediates and activating the O-O bond for cleavage. On the basis of these data, general guidelines for controlling the different possible rate-determining steps in the complex multistep 4e-/4H+ ORR are developed and a bioinspired principle-based design of an efficient electrochemical ORR is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghatak
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Soumya Samanta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Sudipta Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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Arima H, Nakazono T, Wada T. Proton Relay Effects on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Dinuclear Cobalt Polypyridyl Complexes with OH Groups on Bipyridine Ligands. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Arima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakazono
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tohru Wada
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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12
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Amanullah S, Saha P, Dey A. Recent developments in the synthesis of bio-inspired iron porphyrins for small molecule activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5808-5828. [PMID: 35474535 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nature utilizes a diverse set of tetrapyrrole-based macrocycles (referred to as porphyrinoids) for catalyzing various biological processes. Investigation of the differences in electronic structure and reactivity in these reactions have revealed striking differences that lead to diverse reactivity from, apparently, similar looking active sites. Therefore, the role of the different heme cofactors as well as the distal superstructure in the proteins is important to understand. This article summarizes the role of a few synthetic metallo-porphyrinoids towards catalyzing several small molecule activation reactions, such as the ORR, NiRR, CO2RR, etc. The major focus of the article is to enlighten the synthetic routes to the well-decorated active-site mimic in a tailor-made fashion pursuing a retrosynthetic approach, learning from the biosynthesis of the cofactors. Techniques and the role of the second-sphere residues on the reaction rate, selectivity, etc. are incorporated emulating the basic amino acid residues fencing the active sites. These bioinspired mimics play an important role towards understanding the role of the prosthetic groups as well as the basic residues towards any reaction occurring in Nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Amanullah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
| | - Paramita Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
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13
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Nayek A, Ahmed ME, Samanta S, Dinda S, Patra S, Dey SG, Dey A. Bioinorganic Chemistry on Electrodes: Methods to Functional Modeling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8402-8429. [PMID: 35503922 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the major goals of bioinorganic chemistry has been to mimic the function of elegant metalloenzymes. Such functional modeling has been difficult to attain in solution, in particular, for reactions that require multiple protons and multiple electrons (nH+/ne-). Using a combination of heterogeneous electrochemistry, electrode and molecule design one may control both electron transfer (ET) and proton transfer (PT) of these nH+/ne- reactions. Such control can allow functional modeling of hydrogenases (H+ + e- → 1/2 H2), cytochrome c oxidase (O2 + 4 e- + 4 H+ → 2 H2O), monooxygenases (RR'CH2 + O2 + 2 e- + 2 H+ → RR'CHOH + H2O) and dioxygenases (S + O2 → SO2; S = organic substrate) in aqueous medium and at room temperatures. In addition, these heterogeneous constructs allow probing unnatural bioinspired reactions and estimation of the inner- and outer-sphere reorganization energy of small molecules and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Md Estak Ahmed
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Soumya Samanta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Souvik Dinda
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Suman Patra
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India 700032
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14
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Bhunia S, Ghatak A, Dey A. Second Sphere Effects on Oxygen Reduction and Peroxide Activation by Mononuclear Iron Porphyrins and Related Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12370-12426. [PMID: 35404575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation and reduction of O2 and H2O2 by synthetic and biosynthetic iron porphyrin models have proved to be a versatile platform for evaluating second-sphere effects deemed important in naturally occurring heme active sites. Advances in synthetic techniques have made it possible to install different functional groups around the porphyrin ligand, recreating artificial analogues of the proximal and distal sites encountered in the heme proteins. Using judicious choices of these substituents, several of the elegant second-sphere effects that are proposed to be important in the reactivity of key heme proteins have been evaluated under controlled environments, adding fundamental insight into the roles played by these weak interactions in nature. This review presents a detailed description of these efforts and how these have not only demystified these second-sphere effects but also how the knowledge obtained resulted in functional mimics of these heme enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Bhunia
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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15
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Water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions: A mechanistic perspective. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Mukherjee M, Dey A. Rejigging Electron and Proton Transfer to Transition between Dioxygenase, Monooxygenase, Peroxygenase, and Oxygen Reduction Activity: Insights from Bioinspired Constructs of Heme Enzymes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1296-1311. [PMID: 34604840 PMCID: PMC8479764 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nature has employed heme proteins to execute a diverse set of vital life processes. Years of research have been devoted to understanding the factors which bias these heme enzymes, with all having a heme cofactor, toward distinct catalytic activity. Among them, axial ligation, distal super structure, and substrate binding pockets are few very vividly recognized ones. Detailed mechanistic investigation of these heme enzymes suggested that several of these enzymes, while functionally divergent, use similar intermediates. Furthermore, the formation and decay of these intermediates depend on proton and electron transfer processes in the enzyme active site. Over the past decade, work in this group, using in situ surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of synthetic and biosynthetic analogues of heme enzymes, a general idea of how proton and electron transfer rates relate to the lifetime of different O2 derived intermediates has been developed. These findings suggest that the enzymatic activities of all these heme enzymes can be integrated into one general cycle which can be branched out to different catalytic pathways by regulating the lifetime and population of each of these intermediates. This regulation can further be achieved by tuning the electron and proton transfer steps. By strategically populating one of these intermediates during oxygen reduction, one can navigate through different catalytic processes to a desired direction by altering proton and electron transfer steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjistha Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India, 700032
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India, 700032
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17
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Li Y, Wang N, Lei H, Li X, Zheng H, Wang H, Zhang W, Cao R. Bioinspired N4-metallomacrocycles for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Mukherjee G, Satpathy JK, Bagha UK, Mubarak MQE, Sastri CV, de Visser SP. Inspiration from Nature: Influence of Engineered Ligand Scaffolds and Auxiliary Factors on the Reactivity of Biomimetic Oxidants. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jagnyesh K. Satpathy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Umesh K. Bagha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - M. Qadri E. Mubarak
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
| | - Chivukula V. Sastri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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19
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Lv B, Li X, Guo K, Ma J, Wang Y, Lei H, Wang F, Jin X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Long R, Xiong Y, Apfel UP, Cao R. Controlling Oxygen Reduction Selectivity through Steric Effects: Electrocatalytic Two-Electron and Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction with Cobalt Porphyrin Atropisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12742-12746. [PMID: 33742485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a selective 2 e- or 4 e- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical but challenging. Herein, we report controlling ORR selectivity of Co porphyrins by tuning only steric effects. We designed Co porphyrin 1 with meso-phenyls each bearing a bulky ortho-amido group. Due to the resulted steric hinderance, 1 has four atropisomers with similar electronic structures but dissimilar steric effects. Isomers αβαβ and αααα catalyze ORR with n=2.10 and 3.75 (n is the electron number transferred per O2 ), respectively, but ααββ and αααβ show poor selectivity with n=2.89-3.10. Isomer αβαβ catalyzes 2 e- ORR by preventing a bimolecular O2 activation path, while αααα improves 4 e- ORR selectivity by improving O2 binding at its pocket, a feature confirmed by spectroscopy methods, including O K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. This work represents an unparalleled example to improve 2 e- and 4 e- ORR by tuning only steric effects without changing molecular and electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ran Long
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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20
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Lv B, Li X, Guo K, Ma J, Wang Y, Lei H, Wang F, Jin X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Long R, Xiong Y, Apfel U, Cao R. Controlling Oxygen Reduction Selectivity through Steric Effects: Electrocatalytic Two‐Electron and Four‐Electron Oxygen Reduction with Cobalt Porphyrin Atropisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) School of Chemistry and Materials Science National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ran Long
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) School of Chemistry and Materials Science National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) School of Chemistry and Materials Science National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie I Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Strasse 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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21
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Nath AK, Ghatak A, Dey A, Dey SG. Intermediates involved in serotonin oxidation catalyzed by Cu bound Aβ peptides. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1924-1929. [PMID: 34163956 PMCID: PMC8179298 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06258h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation of neurotransmitters is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Copper bound Aβ peptides, invoked to be involved in the pathology of AD, are found to catalyze the oxidation of serotonin (5-HT) by H2O2. A combination of EPR and resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals the formation of a Cu(ii)–OOH species and a dimeric, EPR silent, Cu2O2 bis-μ-oxo species under the reaction conditions. The Cu(ii)–OOH species, which can be selectively formed in the presence of excess H2O2, is the reactive intermediate responsible for 5-HT oxidation. H2O2 produced by the reaction of O2 with reduced Cu(i)–Aβ species can also oxidize 5-HT. Both these pathways are physiologically relevant and may be involved in the observed decay of neurotransmitters as observed in AD patients. The mononuclear copper hydroperoxo species (Cu(ii)–OOH) of Cu–Aβ is the active oxidant responsible for serotonin oxidation by Cu–Aβ in the presence of physiologically relevant oxidants like O2 and H2O2, which can potentially cause oxidative degradation of neurotransmitters, a marker of Alzheimer's disease.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Kumar Nath
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
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