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Bennett MT, Park KA, Musgrave CB, Brubaker JW, Dickie DA, Goddard WA, Gunnoe TB. Hexa-Fe(III) Carboxylate Complexes Facilitate Aerobic Hydrocarbon Oxidative Functionalization: Rh Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Benzene and Ethylene to Form Styrene. ACS Catal 2024; 14:10295-10316. [PMID: 38988649 PMCID: PMC11232027 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Fe(II) carboxylates react with dioxygen and carboxylic acid to form Fe6(μ-OH)2(μ3-O)2(μ-X)12(HX)2 (X = acetate or pivalate), which is an active oxidant for Rh-catalyzed arene alkenylation. Heating (150-200 °C) the catalyst precursor [(η2-C2H4)2Rh(μ-OAc)]2 with ethylene, benzene, Fe(II) carboxylate, and dioxygen yields styrene >30-fold faster than the reaction with dioxygen in the absence of the Fe(II) carboxylate additive. It is also demonstrated that Fe6(μ-OH)2(μ3-O)2(μ-X)12(HX)2 is an active oxidant under anaerobic conditions, and the reduced material can be reoxidized to Fe6(μ-OH)2(μ3-O)2(μ-X)12(HX)2 by dioxygen. At optimized conditions, a turnover frequency of ∼0.2 s-1 is achieved. Unlike analogous reactions with Cu(II) carboxylate oxidants, which undergo stoichiometric Cu(II)-mediated production of phenyl esters (e.g., phenyl acetate) as side products at temperatures ≥150 °C, no phenyl ester side product is observed when Fe carboxylate additives are used. Kinetic isotope effect experiments using C6H6 and C6D6 give k H/k D = 3.5(3), while the use of protio or monodeutero pivalic acid reveals a small KIE with k H/k D = 1.19(2). First-order dependencies on Fe(II) carboxylate and dioxygen concentration are observed in addition to complicated kinetic dependencies on the concentration of carboxylic acid and ethylene, both of which inhibit the reaction rate at a high concentration. Mechanistic studies are consistent with irreversible benzene C-H activation, ethylene insertion into the formed Rh-Ph bond, β-hydride elimination, and reaction of Rh-H with Fe6(μ-OH)2(μ3-O)2(μ-X)12(HX)2 to regenerate a Rh-carboxylate complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T. Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kwanwoo A. Park
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jack W. Brubaker
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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2
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Reid C, Gunnoe TB. Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Alkenylation of Anisole: Control of Regioselectivity. Organometallics 2024; 43:1362-1376. [PMID: 38938896 PMCID: PMC11200324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
We report the conversion of anisoles and olefins to alkenyl anisoles via a transition-metal-catalyzed arene C-H activation and olefin insertion mechanism. The catalyst precursor, [(η2-C2H4)2Rh(μ-OAc)]2, and the in situ oxidant Cu(OPiv)2 (OPiv = pivalate) convert anisoles and olefins (ethylene or propylene) to alkenyl anisoles. When ethylene is used as the olefin, the o/m/p ratio varies between approximately 1:3:1 (selective for 3-methoxystyrene) and 1:5:10 (selective for 4-methoxystyrene). When propylene is the olefin, the o/m/p regioselectivity varies between approximately 1:8:20 and 1:8.5:5. The o/m/p ratios depend on the concentration of pivalic acid and olefin. For example, when using ethylene, at relatively high pivalic acid concentrations and low ethylene concentrations, the o/m/p regioselectivity is 1:3:1. Conversely, again for use of ethylene, at relatively low pivalic acid concentrations and high ethylene concentrations, the o/m/p regioselectivity is 1:5:10. Mechanistic studies of the conversion of anisoles and olefins to alkenyl anisoles provide evidence that the regioselectivity is likely under Curtin-Hammett conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
W. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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3
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Ketcham H, Zhu W, Gunnoe TB. Highly Anti-Markovnikov Selective Oxidative Arene Alkenylation Using Ir(I) Catalyst Precursors and Cu(II) Carboxylates. Organometallics 2024; 43:774-786. [PMID: 38606203 PMCID: PMC11005047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The Ir(I) complex [Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2]2 (coe = cis-cyclooctene) is a catalyst precursor for benzene alkenylation using Cu(II) carboxylate salts. Using [Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2]2, propenylbenzenes are formed from the reaction of benzene, propylene, and CuX2 (X = acetate, pivalate, or 2-ethylhexanoate). The Ir-catalyzed reactions selectively produce anti-Markovnikov products, trans-β-methylstyrene, cis-β-methylstyrene, and allylbenzene, along with minor amounts of the Markovnikov product, α-methylstyrene. The selectivity for the anti-Markovnikov products changed as the reaction progressed. For example, in a reaction that uses 240 equiv of Cu(OHex)2 (related to Ir), the selectivity for the anti-Markovnikov products increases from 18:1 at 3 h to 42:1 at 42 h with 30 psig of propylene at 150 °C. Studies of product stability have revealed that the increase in the selectivity for anti-Markovnikov products is not the result of an isomerization process or the selective decomposition of specific products. Rather, the change in selectivity correlates with the ratio of Cu(II) to Cu(I) in the solution, which decreases as the reaction progresses. We propose that the identity of the active catalyst changes as Cu(I) is accumulated, resulting in the formation of an active catalyst that is more selective for anti-Markovnikov products. Using a 4:1 Cu(I)/Cu(II) ratio at the start of the reaction, a 65(3):1 anti-Markovnikov/Markovnikov ratio is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ketcham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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4
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Bennett MT, Jia X, Musgrave CB, Zhu W, Goddard WA, Gunnoe TB. Pd(II) and Rh(I) Catalytic Precursors for Arene Alkenylation: Comparative Evaluation of Reactivity and Mechanism Based on Experimental and Computational Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37392467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
We combine experimental and computational investigations to compare and understand catalytic arene alkenylation using the Pd(II) and Rh(I) precursors Pd(OAc)2 and [(η2-C2H4)2Rh(μ-OAc)]2 with arene, olefin, and Cu(II) carboxylate at elevated temperatures (>120 °C). Under specific conditions, previous computational and experimental efforts have identified heterotrimetallic cyclic PdCu2(η2-C2H4)3(μ-OPiv)6 and [(η2-C2H4)2Rh(μ-OPiv)2]2(μ-Cu) (OPiv = pivalate) species as likely active catalysts for these processes. Further studies of catalyst speciation suggest a complicated equilibrium between Cu(II)-containing complexes containing one Rh or Pd atom with complexes containing two Rh or Pd atoms. At 120 °C, Rh catalysis produces styrene >20-fold more rapidly than Pd. Also, at 120 °C, Rh is ∼98% selective for styrene formation, while Pd is ∼82% selective. Our studies indicate that Pd catalysis has a higher predilection toward olefin functionalization to form undesired vinyl ester, while Rh catalysis is more selective for arene/olefin coupling. However, at elevated temperatures, Pd converts vinyl ester and arene to vinyl arene, which is proposed to occur through low-valent Pd(0) clusters that are formed in situ. Regardless of arene functionality, the regioselectivity for alkenylation of mono-substituted arenes with the Rh catalyst gives an approximate 2:1 meta/para ratio with minimal ortho C-H activation. In contrast, Pd selectivity is significantly influenced by arene electronics, with electron-rich arenes giving an approximate 1:2:2 ortho/meta/para ratio, while the electron-deficient (α,α,α)-trifluorotoluene gives a 3:1 meta/para ratio with minimal ortho functionalization. Kinetic intermolecular arene ethenylation competition experiments find that Rh reacts most rapidly with benzene, and the rate of mono-substituted arene alkenylation does not correlate with arene electronics. In contrast, with Pd catalysis, electron-rich arenes react more rapidly than benzene, while electron-deficient arenes react less rapidly than benzene. These experimental findings, in combination with computational results, are consistent with the arene C-H activation step for Pd catalysis involving significant η1-arenium character due to Pd-mediated electrophilic aromatic substitution character. In contrast, the mechanism for Rh catalysis is not sensitive to arene-substituent electronics, which we propose indicates less electrophilic aromatic substitution character for the Rh-mediated arene C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles B Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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5
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Van Minnebruggen S, Marquez C, Krasniqi B, Janssens K, Van Velthoven N, Vercammen J, De Soete B, Bugaev A, De Vos D. Oxidative carbonylation of N-protected indoles by Rh(III)-zeolites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2319-2322. [PMID: 36748559 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05953c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative carbonylation of N-protected indoles was investigated to directly synthesize indole-3-carboxylic acids. Using Rh(III)-zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts, the single-site Rh-species reach unprecedented activities (>100 turnovers), while the metal is readily recovered after reaction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provided evidence for site-isolation of Rh(III) species on the zeolite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Marquez
- cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Besir Krasniqi
- cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | - Benoit De Soete
- cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Aram Bugaev
- Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Dirk De Vos
- cMACS, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Ketcham HE, Bennett MT, Reid CW, Gunnoe TB. Advances in arene alkylation and alkenylation catalyzed by transition metal complexes based on ruthenium, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium and iridium. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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7
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Liu B, Rao J, Liu W, Gao Y, Huo Y, Chen Q, Li X. Ligand-assisted olefin-switched divergent oxidative Heck cascade with molecular oxygen enabled by self-assembled imines. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Divergent oxidative Heck reaction has proven to be reliable for the rapid construction of molecular complexity, while olefins switched the outcome that remained underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bairong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianhang Rao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weibing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 2 Guandu Road, Maoming 525000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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8
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Vuagnat M, Tognetti V, Jubault P, Besset T. Ru(II)-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of in situ Generated 3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-propyne by C-H Bond Activation: A Facile and Practical Access to β-Trifluoromethylstyrenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201928. [PMID: 35736795 PMCID: PMC9804422 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a practical and straightforward synthesis of β-(E)-trifluoromethylstyrenes by ruthenium-catalyzed C-H bond activation was developed. The readily available and inexpensive 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (BTP), a non-ozone depleting reagent, was used as a reservoir of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne. With this approach, the monofunctionalization of a panel of heteroarenes was possible in a safe and scalable manner (23 examples, up to 87 % yield). Mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also conducted to get a better understanding of the mechanism of this transformation. These studies suggested that 1) a cyclometallated ruthenium complex enabled the transformation, 2) this complex exhibited high efficiency in this transformation compared to the commercially available [RuCl2 (p-cymene)]2 and 3) the mechanism proceeded through a bis-cyclometallated ruthenium intermediate for the carboruthenation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vuagnat
- Normandie UnivINSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Vincent Tognetti
- Normandie UnivINSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie UnivINSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie UnivINSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
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9
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Electron-Deficient Ru(II) Complexes as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Hydrophenylation. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10060076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes with the general formula TpRu(L)(NCMe)Ph (Tp = hydrido(trispyrazolyl)borate, L = CO, PMe3, P(OCH2)3CEt, P(pyr)3, P(OCH2)2(O)CCH3) have previously been shown to catalyze arene alkylation via Ru-mediated arene C–H activation including the conversion of benzene and ethylene to ethylbenzene. Previous studies have suggested that the catalytic performance of these TpRu(II) catalysts increases with reduced electron-density at the Ru center. Herein, three new structurally related Ru(II) complexes are synthesized, characterized, and studied for possible catalytic benzene ethylation. TpRu(NO)Ph2 exhibited low stability due to the facile elimination of biphenyl. The Ru(II) complex (TpBr3)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph (TpBr3 = hydridotris(3,4,5-tribromopyrazol-1-yl)borate) showed no catalytic activity for the conversion of benzene and ethylene to ethylbenzene, likely due to the steric bulk introduced by the bromine substituents. (Ttz)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph (Ttz = hydridotris(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)borate) catalyzed approximately 150 turnover numbers (TONs) of ethylbenzene at 120 °C in the presence of Lewis acid additives. Here, we compare the activity and features of catalysis using (Ttz)Ru(NCMe)(P(OCH2)3CEt)Ph to previously reported catalysis based on TpRu(L)(NCMe)Ph catalyst precursors.
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10
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Kovach J, Golisz SR, Brennessel WW, Jones WD. Iridium(I)– and Rhodium(I)–Olefin Complexes Containing an α-Diimine Supporting Ligand. Organometallics 2022; 41:3167-3174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Kovach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Suzanne R. Golisz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William D. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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11
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Tsang YL, Choy PY, Leung MP, He X, Kwong FY. Recent advances in rhodium-catalysed cross-dehydrogenative-coupling between two C(sp2)-H bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalysed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) has received considerable attention in recent years. This modern technology has been considered as an attractive synthetic tool for selective C−C bond formation due to (1)...
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12
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Ling Y, Wu Y, Wang C, Liu C, Lu S, Zhang B. Selenium Vacancy Promotes Transfer Semihydrogenation of Alkynes from Water Electrolysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfang Ling
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Zhu W, Gunnoe TB. Advances in Group 10 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arene Alkylation and Alkenylation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6746-6766. [PMID: 33908253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
On a large scale, the dominant method to produce alkyl arenes has been arene alkylation from arenes and olefins using acid-based catalysis. The addition of arene C-H bonds across olefin C═C bonds catalyzed by transition-metal complexes through C-H activation and olefin insertion into metal-aryl bonds provides an alternative approach with potential advantages. This Perspective presents recent developments of olefin hydroarylation and oxidative olefin hydroarylation catalyzed by molecular complexes based on group 10 transition metals (Ni, Pd, Pt). Emphasis is placed on comparisons between Pt catalysts and other group 10 metal catalysts as well as Ru, Ir, and Rh catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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14
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Musgrave CB, Zhu W, Coutard N, Ellena JF, Dickie DA, Gunnoe TB, Goddard WA. Mechanistic Studies of Styrene Production from Benzene and Ethylene Using [(η 2-C 2H 4) 2Rh(μ-OAc)] 2 as Catalyst Precursor: Identification of a Bis-Rh I Mono-Cu II Complex As the Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan Coutard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey F. Ellena
- Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Facility, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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15
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Zhang X, Zhang B, Li X. Rhodium-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Olefination of Aryldiazenes with Acrylate Esters via C-H Activation and Transfer Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2021; 23:1687-1691. [PMID: 33591194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rh(III)-catalyzed redox-neutral C-H olefination of aryldiazenecarboxylates has been realized using arylate esters as the olefinating reagents. This reaction proceeds under mild and redox-neutral conditions, resulting in integration of C-H activation and transfer hydrogenation. The chemoselectivity complements that of previously reported rhodium-catalyzed coupling of the same substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of MOE & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
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16
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Li MH, Si XJ, Zhang H, Yang D, Niu JL, Song MP. Directed Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Activation to Form C-C and C-O Bonds in One Pot via Three-Component Coupling. Org Lett 2021; 23:914-919. [PMID: 33475370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose an efficient cobalt-catalyzed three-component coupling of benzamides, diazo compounds, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, which provides an efficient approach to construct C(sp2)-C(sp3) and C-O bonds in one-pot accompanied with C-H activation. This protocol features low catalyst loading (4 mol %), the avoidance of additives, and excellent functional group compatibility, providing three-component coupling adducts with high yields under mild conditions (up to 88%). Mechanism studies show that the reaction may involve a radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ju Si
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Chawla R, Jaiswal S, Dutta PK, Yadav LDS. A photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated solvent-switchable route to stilbenes/vinyl sulfones from β-nitrostyrenes and arylazo sulfones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6487-6492. [PMID: 34241618 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated reactions, based on the presence of a visible-light-absorbing functional group in the starting material itself in order to exclude the often costly, hazardous, degradable and difficult to remove or recover photoredox catalysts, have been gaining momentum recently. We have employed this approach to develop a denitrative photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated protocol for the arylation/sulfonylation of β-nitrostyrenes employing arylazo sulfones (bench-stable photolabile compounds) in a switchable solvent-controlled manner. Arylazo sulfones served as the aryl and sulfonyl radical precursors under blue LED irradiation for the synthesis of trans-stilbenes and (E)-vinyl sulfones in CH3CN and dioxane/H2O 2 : 1, respectively. The absence of any metal, photocatalyst and additive; excellent selectivity (E-stereochemistry) and solvent-switchability; and the use of visible light and ambient temperature are the prime assets of the developed method. Moreover, we report the first photocatalyst-free visible light-driven route to synthesize stilbenes and vinyl sulfones from readily available β-nitrostyrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Chawla
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
| | - Shefali Jaiswal
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
| | - P K Dutta
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
| | - Lal Dhar S Yadav
- Green Synthesis Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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18
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Zhou J, Yin C, Zhong T, Zheng X, Yi X, Chen J, Yu C. A direct synthesis method towards spirocyclic indazole derivatives via Rh( iii)-catalyzed C–H activation and spiroannulation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed [4 + 1] spiroannulation of N-aryl phthalazine-diones (pyridazine-diones) with diazo compounds to construct spirocyclic indazole derivatives with diverse structures is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Chuanliu Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Tianshuo Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Xiangyun Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Xiao Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Junyu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
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19
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Gunnoe TB, Schinski WL, Jia X, Zhu W. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arene Alkylation and Alkenylation: Catalytic Processes for the Generation of Chemical Intermediates. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William L. Schinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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20
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Luo Z, Whitcomb CA, Kaylor N, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Davis RJ, Gunnoe TB. Oxidative Alkenylation of Arenes Using Supported Rh Materials: Evidence that Active Catalysts are Formed by Rh Leaching. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Luo
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Colby A. Whitcomb
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Nicholas Kaylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
- Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX 78238 USA
| | - Yulu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Robert J. Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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21
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Kong F, Gu S, Liu C, Dickie DA, Zhang S, Gunnoe TB. Effects of Additives on Catalytic Arene C–H Activation: Study of Rh Catalysts Supported by Bis-phosphine Pincer Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanji Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Shunyan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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