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Zhang W, Shao ZQ, Wang ZX, Ye YF, Li SF, Wang YJ. Advances in aldo-keto reductases immobilization for biocatalytic synthesis of chiral alcohol. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133264. [PMID: 38901517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Chiral alcohols are essential building blocks of numerous pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) constitute a superfamily of oxidoreductases that catalyze the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols using NAD(P)H as a coenzyme. Knowledge about the crucial roles of AKRs immobilization in the biocatalytic synthesis of chiral alcohols is expanding. Herein, we reviewed the characteristics of various AKRs immobilization approaches, the application of different immobilization materials, and the prospects of continuous flow bioreactor construction by employing these immobilized biocatalysts for synthesizing chiral alcohols. Finally, the opportunities and ongoing challenges for AKR immobilization are discussed and the outlook for this emerging area is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zi-Qing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yuan-Fan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Shu-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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2
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Feng T, Liu J, Zhang X, Fan D, Bai Y. Protein engineering of multi-enzyme virus-like particle nanoreactors for enhanced chiral alcohol synthesis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6606-6616. [PMID: 38024302 PMCID: PMC10662152 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, virus-like particles (VLPs) that can encapsulate single or multiple enzymes have been studied extensively as typical nanoreactors for biocatalysis in vitro, yet their catalytic efficiencies are usually inadequate for real applications. These biocatalytic nanoreactors should be engineered like their free-enzyme counterparts to improve their catalytic performance for potential applications. Herein we engineer biocatalytic VLPs for the enhanced synthesis of chiral alcohols. Different methods including directed evolution were applied to the entire bacteriophage P22 VLPs (except the coat protein), which encapsulated a carbonyl reductase from Scheffersomyces stipitis (SsCR) and a glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium (BmGDH) in their capsids. The best variant, namely M5, showed an enhanced turnover frequency (TOF, min-1) up to 15-fold toward the majority of tested aromatic prochiral ketones, and gave up to 99% enantiomeric excess in the synthesis of chiral alcohol pharmaceutical intermediates. A comparison with the mutations of the free-enzyme counterparts showed that the same amino acid mutations led to different changes in the catalytic efficiencies of free and confined enzymes. Finally, the engineered M5 nanoreactor showed improved efficiency in the scale-up synthesis of chiral alcohols. The conversions of three substrates catalyzed by M5 were all higher than those catalyzed by the wild-type nanoreactor, demonstrating that enzyme-encapsulating VLPs can evolve to enhance their catalytic performance for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiaxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi R&D Centre of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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3
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Cheah LC, Liu L, Plan MR, Peng B, Lu Z, Schenk G, Vickers CE, Sainsbury F. Product Profiles of Promiscuous Enzymes Can be Altered by Controlling In Vivo Spatial Organization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303415. [PMID: 37750486 PMCID: PMC10646250 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme spatial organization is an evolved mechanism for facilitating multi-step biocatalysis and can play an important role in the regulation of promiscuous enzymes. The latter function suggests that artificial spatial organization can be an untapped avenue for controlling the specificity of bioengineered metabolic pathways. A promiscuous terpene synthase (nerolidol synthase) is co-localized and spatially organized with the preceding enzyme (farnesyl diphosphate synthase) in a heterologous production pathway, via translational protein fusion and/or co-encapsulation in a self-assembling protein cage. Spatial organization enhances nerolidol production by ≈11- to ≈62-fold relative to unorganized enzymes. More interestingly, striking differences in the ratio of end products (nerolidol and linalool) are observed with each spatial organization approach. This demonstrates that artificial spatial organization approaches can be harnessed to modulate the product profiles of promiscuous enzymes in engineered pathways in vivo. This extends the application of spatial organization beyond situations where multiple enzymes compete for a single substrate to cases where there is competition among multiple substrates for a single enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen Cheah
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic BiologyCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)Dutton ParkSt LuciaQLD4102Australia
- Present address:
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness5 Portarlington RdEast GeelongVIC3219Australia
| | - Lian Liu
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node)The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Manuel R. Plan
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node)The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Bingyin Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic BiologyCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)Dutton ParkSt LuciaQLD4102Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic BiologyQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- School of Biological and Environmental ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
| | - Zeyu Lu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic BiologyQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Claudia E. Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic BiologyCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)Dutton ParkSt LuciaQLD4102Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic BiologyQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- School of Biological and Environmental ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- Centre for Cell Factories and BiopolymersGriffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQLD4111Australia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic BiologyCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)Dutton ParkSt LuciaQLD4102Australia
- Centre for Cell Factories and BiopolymersGriffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQLD4111Australia
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4
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Su Y, Liu B, Huang Z, Teng Z, Yang L, Zhu J, Huo S, Liu A. Virus-like particles nanoreactors: from catalysis towards bio-applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9084-9098. [PMID: 37697810 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01112g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled supramolecular structures found in nature, often used for compartmentalization. Exploiting their inherent properties, including precise nanoscale structures, monodispersity, and high stability, these architectures have been widely used as nanocarriers to protect or enrich catalysts, facilitating catalytic reactions and avoiding interference from the bulk solutions. In this review, we summarize the current progress of virus-like particles (VLPs)-based nanoreactors. First, we briefly introduce the physicochemical properties of the most commonly used virus particles to understand their roles in catalytic reactions beyond the confined space. Next, we summarize the self-assembly of nanoreactors forming higher-order hierarchical structures, highlighting the emerging field of nanoreactors as artificial organelles and their potential biomedical applications. Finally, we discuss the current findings and future perspectives of VLPs-based nanoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Beibei Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhenkun Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zihao Teng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shuaidong Huo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Aijie Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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5
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Svirelis J, Adali Z, Emilsson G, Medin J, Andersson J, Vattikunta R, Hulander M, Järlebark J, Kolman K, Olsson O, Sakiyama Y, Lim RYH, Dahlin A. Stable trapping of multiple proteins at physiological conditions using nanoscale chambers with macromolecular gates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5131. [PMID: 37612271 PMCID: PMC10447545 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility to detect and analyze single or few biological molecules is very important for understanding interactions and reaction mechanisms. Ideally, the molecules should be confined to a nanoscale volume so that the observation time by optical methods can be extended. However, it has proven difficult to develop reliable, non-invasive trapping techniques for biomolecules under physiological conditions. Here we present a platform for long-term tether-free (solution phase) trapping of proteins without exposing them to any field gradient forces. We show that a responsive polymer brush can make solid state nanopores switch between a fully open and a fully closed state with respect to proteins, while always allowing the passage of solvent, ions and small molecules. This makes it possible to trap a very high number of proteins (500-1000) inside nanoscale chambers as small as one attoliter, reaching concentrations up to 60 gL-1. Our method is fully compatible with parallelization by imaging arrays of nanochambers. Additionally, we show that enzymatic cascade reactions can be performed with multiple native enzymes under full nanoscale confinement and steady supply of reactants. This platform will greatly extend the possibilities to optically analyze interactions involving multiple proteins, such as the dynamics of oligomerization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Svirelis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Adali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Medin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Radhika Vattikunta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Hulander
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Järlebark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Kolman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yusuke Sakiyama
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roderick Y H Lim
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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6
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Armstrong FA, Cheng B, Herold RA, Megarity CF, Siritanaratkul B. From Protein Film Electrochemistry to Nanoconfined Enzyme Cascades and the Electrochemical Leaf. Chem Rev 2022; 123:5421-5458. [PMID: 36573907 PMCID: PMC10176485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein film electrochemistry (PFE) has given unrivalled insight into the properties of redox proteins and many electron-transferring enzymes, allowing investigations of otherwise ill-defined or intractable topics such as unstable Fe-S centers and the catalytic bias of enzymes. Many enzymes have been established to be reversible electrocatalysts when attached to an electrode, and further investigations have revealed how unusual dependences of catalytic rates on electrode potential have stark similarities with electronics. A special case, the reversible electrochemistry of a photosynthetic enzyme, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR), loaded at very high concentrations in the 3D nanopores of a conducting metal oxide layer, is leading to a new technology that brings PFE to myriad enzymes of other classes, the activities of which become controlled by the primary electron exchange. This extension is possible because FNR-based recycling of NADP(H) can be coupled to a dehydrogenase, and thence to other enzymes linked in tandem by the tight channelling of cofactors and intermediates within the nanopores of the material. The earlier interpretations of catalytic wave-shapes and various analogies with electronics are thus extended to initiate a field perhaps aptly named "cascade-tronics", in which the flow of reactions along an enzyme cascade is monitored and controlled through an electrochemical analyzer. Unlike in photosynthesis where FNR transduces electron transfer and hydride transfer through the unidirectional recycling of NADPH, the "electrochemical leaf" (e-Leaf) can be used to drive reactions in both oxidizing and reducing directions. The e-Leaf offers a natural way to study how enzymes are affected by nanoconfinement and crowding, mimicking the physical conditions under which enzyme cascades operate in living cells. The reactions of the trapped enzymes, often at very high local concentration, are thus studied electrochemically, exploiting the potential domain to control rates and direction and the current-rate analogy to derive kinetic data. Localized NADP(H) recycling is very efficient, resulting in very high cofactor turnover numbers and new opportunities for controlling and exploiting biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser A. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Beichen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A. Herold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Clare F. Megarity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavin Siritanaratkul
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, United Kingdom
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7
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Li Y, Luan P, Dong L, Liu J, Jiang L, Bai J, Liu F, Jiang Y. Asymmetric reduction of conjugated C C bonds by immobilized fusion of old yellow enzyme and glucose dehydrogenase. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Rodriguez‐Abetxuko A, Reifs A, Sánchez‐deAlcázar D, Beloqui A. A Versatile Chemoenzymatic Nanoreactor that Mimics NAD(P)H Oxidase for the In Situ Regeneration of Cofactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206926. [PMID: 35762738 PMCID: PMC9796410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a multifunctional chemoenzymatic nanoreactor (NanoNOx) for the glucose-controlled regeneration of natural and artificial nicotinamide cofactors. NanoNOx are built of glucose oxidase-polymer hybrids that assemble in the presence of an organometallic catalyst: hemin. The design of the hybrid is optimized to increase the effectiveness and the directional channeling at low substrate concentration. Importantly, NanoNOx can be reutilized without affecting the catalytic properties, can show high stability in the presence of organic solvents, and can effectively oxidize assorted natural and artificial enzyme cofactors. Finally, the hybrid was successfully coupled with NADH-dependent dehydrogenases in one-pot reactions, using a strategy based on the sequential injection of a fuel, namely, glucose. Hence, this study describes the first example of a hybrid chemoenzymatic nanomaterial able to efficiently mimic NOx enzymes in cooperative one-pot cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Rodriguez‐Abetxuko
- CIC nanoGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Tolosa Hiribidea 7620018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Antonio Reifs
- CIC nanoGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Tolosa Hiribidea 7620018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Daniel Sánchez‐deAlcázar
- POLYMAT and Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUPaseo Manuel Lardizabal 320018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- POLYMAT and Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUPaseo Manuel Lardizabal 320018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain,IKERBASQUEPlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
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9
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Esquirol L, McNeale D, Douglas T, Vickers CE, Sainsbury F. Rapid Assembly and Prototyping of Biocatalytic Virus-like Particle Nanoreactors. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2709-2718. [PMID: 35880829 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein cages are attractive as molecular scaffolds for the fundamental study of enzymes and metabolons and for the creation of biocatalytic nanoreactors for in vitro and in vivo use. Virus-like particles (VLPs) such as those derived from the P22 bacteriophage capsid protein make versatile self-assembling protein cages and can be used to encapsulate a broad range of protein cargos. In vivo encapsulation of enzymes within VLPs requires fusion to the coat protein or a scaffold protein. However, the expression level, stability, and activity of cargo proteins can vary upon fusion. Moreover, it has been shown that molecular crowding of enzymes inside VLPs can affect their catalytic properties. Consequently, testing of numerous parameters is required for production of the most efficient nanoreactor for a given cargo enzyme. Here, we present a set of acceptor vectors that provide a quick and efficient way to build, test, and optimize cargo loading inside P22 VLPs. We prototyped the system using a yellow fluorescent protein and then applied it to mevalonate kinases (MKs), a key enzyme class in the industrially important terpene (isoprenoid) synthesis pathway. Different MKs required considerably different approaches to deliver maximal encapsulation as well as optimal kinetic parameters, demonstrating the value of being able to rapidly access a variety of encapsulation strategies. The vector system described here provides an approach to optimize cargo enzyme behavior in bespoke P22 nanoreactors. This will facilitate industrial applications as well as basic research on nanoreactor-cargo behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygie Esquirol
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Donna McNeale
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000 Australia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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10
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Rodriguez-Abetxuko A, Reifs A, Sánchez-deAlcázar D, Beloqui A. A Versatile Chemoenzymatic Nanoreactor that Mimics NAD(P)H Oxidase for the In Situ Regeneration of Cofactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Beloqui
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco POLYMAT Tolosa, 76 SPAIN
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11
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Luan P, Li Y, Huang C, Dong L, Ma T, Liu J, Gao J, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Design of De Novo Three-Enzyme Nanoreactors for Stereodivergent Synthesis of α-Substituted Cyclohexanols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqian Luan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yongxing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lele Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jianqiao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yunting Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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12
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Maity B, Taher M, Mazumdar S, Ueno T. Artificial metalloenzymes based on protein assembly. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Yan Q, Zhang X, Chen Y, Guo B, Zhou P, Chen B, Huang Q, Wang JB. From Semirational to Rational Design: Developing a Substrate-Coupled System of Glucose Dehydrogenase for Asymmetric Synthesis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jian-bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
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14
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Wang R, Zhang J, Luo Z, Xie T, Xiao Q, Pei X, Wang A. Controllably crosslinked dual enzymes enabled by genetic-encoded non-standard amino acid for efficiently enantioselective hydrogenation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:682-691. [PMID: 35247424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In traditional method for preparing crosslinked enzymes aggregates using glutaraldehyde, random linkage is inevitable, which often destroys the enzyme active sites and severely decreases the activity. To address this issue, using genetic encode expanding, nonstandard amino acids (NSAAs) were inserted into enzyme proteins at the preselected sites for crosslinking. When aldehyde ketone reductase (AKR), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) were utilized as model enzymes, their mutants containing p-azido-L-phenylalanine were bio-orthogonally crosslinked with diyne to form crosslinked dual enzymes (CLDEs) acting as a cascade biological oxidation and reduction system. Then, the resultant self-purified CLDEs were characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), etc. In the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethanol using CLDEs, high product yield (76.08%), ee value (99.99%) and reuse stability were achieved. The yield and ee value were 12.05 times and 1.39 times higher than those using traditional crosslinked enzyme aggregates, respectively. Thus, controllable insertion NSAAs in number and location can engender reasonable linkage and metal-free self-purification for target enzyme proteins. This facile and sustainable method could be further expanded to other dual and multienzyme systems for cascade biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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15
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Bai Y, Luan P, Bai Y, Zare RN, Ge J. Enzyme-photo-coupled catalysis in gas-sprayed microdroplets. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8341-8348. [PMID: 35919726 PMCID: PMC9297532 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-photo-coupled catalysis produces fine chemicals by combining the high selectivity of an enzyme with the green energy input of sunlight. Operating a large-scale system, however, remains challenging because of the...
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiu Bai
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Pengqian Luan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford California 94305-5080 USA
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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