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Pérez-Castaño R, Aranda J, Widner FJ, Kieninger C, Deery E, Warren MJ, Orozco M, Elías-Arnanz M, Padmanabhan S, Kräutler B. The Rhodium Analogue of Coenzyme B 12 as an Anti-Photoregulatory Ligand Inhibiting Bacterial CarH Photoreceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401626. [PMID: 38416546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme B12 (AdoCbl; 5'-deoxy-5'-adenosylcobalamin), the quintessential biological organometallic radical catalyst, has a formerly unanticipated, yet extensive, role in photoregulation in bacteria. The light-responsive cobalt-corrin AdoCbl performs this nonenzymatic role by facilitating the assembly of CarH photoreceptors into DNA-binding tetramers in the dark, suppressing gene expression. Conversely, exposure to light triggers the decomposition of this AdoCbl-bound complex by a still elusive photochemical mechanism, activating gene expression. Here, we have examined AdoRhbl, the non-natural rhodium analogue of AdoCbl, as a photostable isostructural surrogate for AdoCbl. We show that AdoRhbl closely emulates AdoCbl in its uptake by bacterial cells and structural functionality as a regulatory ligand for CarH tetramerization, DNA binding, and repressor activity. Remarkably, we find AdoRhbl is photostable even when bound "base-off/His-on" to CarH in vitro and in vivo. Thus, AdoRhbl, an antivitamin B12, also represents an unprecedented anti-photoregulatory ligand, opening a pathway to precisely target biomimetic inhibition of AdoCbl-based photoregulation, with new possibilities for selective antibacterial applications. Computational biomolecular analysis of AdoRhbl binding to CarH yields detailed structural insights into this complex, which suggest that the adenosyl group of photoexcited AdoCbl bound to CarH may specifically undergo a concerted non-radical syn-1,2-elimination mechanism, an aspect not previously considered for this photoreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Aranda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florian J Widner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona (Spain); the Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera (IQF-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 119 c/Serrano, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Li J, Kumar A, Lewis JC. Non-native Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Catalyzed by a B 12 -Dependent Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312893. [PMID: 37874184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the unique reactivity of vitamin B12 and its derivatives, B12 -dependent enzymes remain underutilized in biocatalysis. In this study, we repurposed the B12 -dependent transcription factor CarH to enable non-native radical cyclization reactions. An engineered variant of this enzyme, CarH*, catalyzes the formation γ- and δ-lactams through either redox-neutral or reductive ring closure with marked enhancement of reactivity and selectivity relative to the free B12 cofactor. CarH* also catalyzes an unusual spirocyclization by dearomatization of pendant arenes to produce bicyclic 1,3-diene products instead of 1,4-dienes provided by existing methods. These results and associated mechanistic studies highlight the importance of protein scaffolds for controlling the reactivity of B12 and expanding the synthetic utility of B12 -dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Amardeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Poddar H, Rios-Santacruz R, Heyes DJ, Shanmugam M, Brookfield A, Johannissen LO, Levy CW, Jeffreys LN, Zhang S, Sakuma M, Colletier JP, Hay S, Schirò G, Weik M, Scrutton NS, Leys D. Redox driven B 12-ligand switch drives CarH photoresponse. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5082. [PMID: 37604813 PMCID: PMC10442372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CarH is a coenzyme B12-dependent photoreceptor involved in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis. How light-triggered cleavage of the B12 Co-C bond culminates in CarH tetramer dissociation to initiate transcription remains unclear. Here, a series of crystal structures of the CarH B12-binding domain after illumination suggest formation of unforeseen intermediate states prior to tetramer dissociation. Unexpectedly, in the absence of oxygen, Co-C bond cleavage is followed by reorientation of the corrin ring and a switch from a lower to upper histidine-Co ligation, corresponding to a pentacoordinate state. Under aerobic conditions, rapid flash-cooling of crystals prior to deterioration upon illumination confirm a similar B12-ligand switch occurs. Removal of the upper His-ligating residue prevents monomer formation upon illumination. Combined with detailed solution spectroscopy and computational studies, these data demonstrate the CarH photoresponse integrates B12 photo- and redox-chemistry to drive large-scale conformational changes through stepwise Co-ligation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshwardhan Poddar
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronald Rios-Santacruz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Derren J Heyes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Muralidharan Shanmugam
- Photon Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Photon Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Linus O Johannissen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin W Levy
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura N Jeffreys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michiyo Sakuma
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Giorgio Schirò
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Weik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Kumar A, Yang X, Li J, Lewis JC. First and second sphere interactions accelerate non-native N-alkylation catalysis by the thermostable, methanol-tolerant B 12-dependent enzyme MtaC. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4798-4801. [PMID: 37000588 PMCID: PMC10134074 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The corrinoid protein MtaC, which is natively involved in methyl transferase catalysis, catalyzes N-alkylation of aniline using ethyl diazoacetate. Our results show how the native preference of B12 scaffolds for radical versus polar chemistry translates to non-native catalysis, which could guide selection of B12-dependent proteins for biocatalysis. MtaC also has high thermal stability and organic solvent tolerance, remaining folded even in pure methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Xinhang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Koide T, Ono T, Shimakoshi H, Hisaeda Y. Functions of bioinspired pyrrole cobalt complexes–recently developed catalytic systems of vitamin B12 related complexes and porphycene complexes–. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wdowik T, Gryko D. C–C Bond Forming Reactions Enabled by Vitamin B 12─Opportunities and Challenges. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wdowik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Gerroll BHR, Lewis JC, Baker LA. Cobalamin-Mediated Electrocatalytic Reduction of Ethyl Chloroacetate in Dimethylformamide. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 169:055501. [PMID: 35812015 PMCID: PMC9265244 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac6a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic reduction of ethyl chloroacetate (ECA) by hydroxocobalamin (HOCbl) in dimethylformamide was studied electrochemically and spectroelectrochemically to identify initial steps in the reaction between the electrogenerated Co(I) center of cobalamin (cob(I)alamin) and ECA. Cyclic voltammograms of HOCbl in the presence of ECA show a small increase in current related to reduction of Co(II) to Co(I), and a new peak at more negative potentials related to reduction of an ethyl carboxymethyl-Cbl intermediate. The oxidation state of HOCbl during catalysis was monitored by means of spectroelectrochemical controlled-potential bulk electrolysis. Addition of ECA to electrogenerated cob(I)alamin initially generates the Co(II) form (cob(II)alamin) followed by a gradual formation of an ethyl carboxymethyl-Cbl intermediate. Controlled-potential bulk electrolysis was performed to identify products formed from catalytic reduction of ECA by electrogenerated cob(I)alamin and quantify the number of electrons transferred per molecule of ECA. Product distributions and coulometric results, together with the results of voltammograms and spectroelectrochemical controlled-potential bulk electrolysis, were interpreted to propose a reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jared C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Padmanabhan S, Pérez-Castaño R, Osete-Alcaraz L, Polanco MC, Elías-Arnanz M. Vitamin B 12 photoreceptors. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:149-184. [PMID: 35337618 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptor proteins enable living organisms to sense light and transduce this signal into biochemical outputs to elicit appropriate cellular responses. Their light sensing is typically mediated by covalently or noncovalently bound molecules called chromophores, which absorb light of specific wavelengths and modulate protein structure and biological activity. Known photoreceptors have been classified into about ten families based on the chromophore and its associated photosensory domain in the protein. One widespread photoreceptor family uses coenzyme B12 or 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, a biological form of vitamin B12, to sense ultraviolet, blue, or green light, and its discovery revealed both a new type of photoreceptor and a novel functional facet of this vitamin, best known as an enzyme cofactor. Large strides have been made in our understanding of how these B12-based photoreceptors function, high-resolution structural descriptions of their functional states are available, as are details of their unusual photochemistry. Additionally, they have inspired notable applications in optogenetics/optobiochemistry and synthetic biology. Here, we provide an overview of what is currently known about these B12-based photoreceptors, their discovery, distribution, molecular mechanism of action, and the structural and photochemical basis of how they orchestrate signal transduction and gene regulation, and how they have been used to engineer optogenetic control of protein activities in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Osete-Alcaraz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Polanco
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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