1
|
Gutiérrez-Peña CL, Gutiérrez-Blanco A, Gusev DG, Poyatos M, Peris E. Lone-Pair-π Bond Strength Unveiled by a Combined Experimental and Computational Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407817. [PMID: 38748473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of naphthalene-diimide (NDI) and perylene-diimide (PDI) connected bis-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of iridium(III) have been prepared and fully characterized. The analysis of their NMR spectroscopic features, together with their molecular structures show that these species display lone-pair-π interactions between the chloride ligands of the Ir(III) complex and the heterocycles of the NDI/PDI moieties. The detection of this type of interaction in solution is due to the formation of two atropisomers, which are formed as a result of the restricted rotation about the Ir-Ccarbene bond imposed by the (Cl)lp⋅⋅⋅π interaction. Variable-temperature 1H NMR analysis allowed the determination of the strength of this non-covalent interaction, which lies between ΔH=6.6 and 10 kcal/mol. The computational studies performed fully support the experimental findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian L Gutiérrez-Peña
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón., E-12071., Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Blanco
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón., E-12071., Spain
| | - Dmitry G Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2 L3 C5, Canada
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón., E-12071., Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón., E-12071., Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rölz M, Butschke B, Breit B. Azobenzene-Integrated NHC Ligands: A Versatile Platform for Visible-Light-Switchable Metal Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13210-13225. [PMID: 38709955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A new class of photoswitchable NHC ligands, named azImBA, has been developed by integrating azobenzene into a previously unreported imidazobenzoxazol-1-ylidene framework. These rigid photochromic carbenes enable precise control over confinement around a metal's coordination sphere. As a model system, gold(I) complexes of these NHCs exhibit efficient bidirectional E-Z isomerization under visible light, offering a versatile platform for reversibly photomodulating the reactivity of organogold species. Comprehensive kinetic studies of the protodeauration reaction reveal rate differences of up to 2 orders of magnitude between the E and Z isomers of the NHCs, resulting in a quasi-complete visible-light-gated ON/OFF switchable system. Such a high level of photomodulation efficiency is unprecedented for gold complexes, challenging the current state-of-the-art in photoswitchable organometallics. Thorough investigations into the ligand properties paired with structure-reactivity correlations underscored the unique ligand's steric features as a key factor for reactivity. This effective photocontrol strategy was further validated in gold(I) catalysis, enabling in situ photoswitching of catalytic activity in the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation and -amination of alkynes. Given the significance of these findings and its potential as a widely applicable, easily customizable photoswitchable ancillary ligand platform, azImBA is poised to stimulate the development of adaptive, multifunctional metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rölz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martínez-Vivas S, Gusev DG, Poyatos M, Peris E. Tuning the Catalytic Activity of a Pincer Complex of Rhodium(I) by Supramolecular and Redox Stimuli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313899. [PMID: 37792812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the rhodium(I) complex [Rh(CNC-NDI)(CO)]+ , in which CNC-NDI refers to a pincer-CNC ligand decorated with a naphthalenediimide moiety. Due to the presence of the planar CNC ligand and the naphthalenediimide moiety, the electronic nature of the complex can be modulated by means of supramolecular and redox stimuli, respectively. The metal complex shows a strong π-π-stacking interaction with coronene. This interaction has an impact on the electron-richness of the metal, as demonstrated by the shifting of the ν(CO) stretching band to a lower frequency. The addition of tetrabutylammonium fluoride facilitates the sequential one- and two-electron reduction of the NDI moiety of the ligand, thus resulting in a situation in which the ligand can increase its electron-donor strength in two levels. The nature of the interaction with the fluoride anion was studied computationally. The catalytic activity of the [Rh(CNC-NDI)(CO)]+ complex was tested in the cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids, where it is observed that the activity of the catalyst can be modulated between four levels of activity, which correspond to i) the use of the unmodified catalyst, ii) catalyst+coronene, iii) catalyst+2 equivalents of fluoride, and iv) catalyst+5 equivalents of fluoride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Martínez-Vivas
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón, E-12071, Spain
| | - Dmitry G Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2 L 3 C5, Canada
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón, E-12071, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón, E-12071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martínez-Vivas S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Supramolecular Control of the Oxidative Addition as a Way To Improve the Catalytic Efficiency of Pincer-Rhodium (I) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307198. [PMID: 37342877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
1 H NMR studies using a cationic complex with a pyridine-di-imidazolylidene pincer ligand of formula [Rh(CNC)(CO)]+ revealed that this compound showed high binding affinity with coronene in CH2 Cl2 . The interaction between coronene and the planar RhI complex is established by means of π-stacking interactions. This interaction has a strong impact on the electron-donating strength of the pincer CNC ligand, which is increased significantly, as demonstrated by the shifting of the ν(CO) stretching bands to lower frequencies. The addition of coronene increases the reaction rate of the nucleophilic attack of methyl iodide on the rhodium (I) pincer complex, and also has a positive effect on the performance of the complex as a catalyst in the cycloisomerization of 4-pentynoic acid. These findings highlight the importance of supramolecular interactions for tuning the reactivity and catalytic activity of square-planar metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Martínez-Vivas
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu Y, Wang Y, Li H, Li P, Feng X, Yamamoto Y, Bao M, Liu J. Unsupported nanoporous gold catalyst for highly selective hydroamination of alkynes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3371-3376. [PMID: 36756435 PMCID: PMC9869862 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07120g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and highly selective heterogeneous catalyst system for hydroamination of alkynes was developed using unsupported gold nanopores (AuNPore) for the first time. The AuNPore-catalyzed highly regioselective hydroamination of alkynes proceeded smoothly without any additive and solvent under mild conditions (rt-50 °C) to yield Markovnikov imines in satisfactory to excellent yields. No gold leached from AuNPore during the hydroamination of alkynes. Moreover, the catalyst was easily recovered and reused without any loss of catalytic activity. A one-pot, two-step procedure using a single AuNPore catalyst has been devised to produce secondary amines derived from readily available alkynes and anilines with high atom efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University Tongliao 028000 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University Tongliao 028000 China
| | - He Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University Tongliao 028000 China
| | - Peihe Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University Tongliao 028000 China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan.,Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jinghai Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University Tongliao 028000 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teixeira P, Bastin S, César V. Fused Polycyclic NHC Ligands in Gold Catalysis: Recent Advances. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Teixeira
- LCC-CNRS Université de Toulouse, CNRS 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Stéphanie Bastin
- LCC-CNRS Université de Toulouse, CNRS 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS Université de Toulouse, CNRS 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruiz-Zambrana C, Dubey RK, Poyatos M, Mateo-Alonso A, Peris E. Redox-Switchable Complexes Based on Nanographene-NHCs. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201384. [PMID: 35638131 PMCID: PMC9400984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of rhodium and iridium complexes with a N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand decorated with a perylene‐diimide‐pyrene moiety are described. Electrochemical studies reveal that the complexes can undergo two successive one‐electron reduction events, associated to the reduction of the PDI moiety attached to the NHC ligand. The reduction of the ligand produces a significant increase on its electron‐donating character, as observed from the infrared spectroelectrochemical studies. The rhodium complex was tested in the [3+2] cycloaddition of diphenylcyclopropenone and methylphenylacetylene, where it displayed a redox‐switchable behavior. The neutral complex showed moderate activity, which was suppressed when the catalyst was reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Ruiz-Zambrana
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón., 12071, Spain
| | - Rajeev K Dubey
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón., 12071, Spain
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., Castellón., 12071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Until the year 2000, gold compounds were considered catalytically inert. Subsequently, it was found that they are able to promote the nucleophilic attack on unsaturated substrates by forming an Au–π-system. The main limitation in the use of these catalytic systems is the ease with which they decompose, which is avoided by stabilization with an ancillary ligand. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), having interesting s-donor capacities, are able to stabilize the gold complexes (Au (I/III) NHC), favoring the exploration of their catalytic activity. This review reports the state of the art (years 2007–2022) in the nucleophilic addition of amines (hydroamination) and water (hydration) to the terminal and internal alkynes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene gold (I/III) complexes. These reactions are particularly interesting both because they are environmentally sustainable and because they lead to the production of important intermediates in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. In fact, they have an atom economy of 100%, and lead to the formation of imines and enamines, as well as the formation of ketones and enols, all important scaffolds in the synthesis of bioactive molecules, drugs, heterocycles, polymers, and bulk and fine chemicals.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruamps M, Bastin S, Rechignat L, Sournia-Saquet A, Vendier L, Lugan N, Mouesca JM, Valyaev DA, Maurel V, César V. Redox-Switchable Behavior of Transition-Metal Complexes Supported by Amino-Decorated N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123776. [PMID: 35744903 PMCID: PMC9227367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand IMes(NMe2)2, derived from the well-known IMes ligand by substitution of the carbenic heterocycle with two dimethylamino groups, was investigated with d6 [Mn(I), Fe(II)], d8 [Rh(I)], and d10 [Cu(I)] transition-metal centers. The redox behavior of the resulting organometallic complexes was studied through a combined experimental/theoretical study, involving electrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. While the complexes [CuCl(IMes(NMe2)2)], [RhCl(COD)(IMes(NMe2)2)], and [FeCp(CO)2 (IMes(NMe2)2)](BF4) exhibit two oxidation waves, the first oxidation wave is fully reversible but only for the first complex the second oxidation wave is reversible. The mono-oxidation event for these complexes occurs on the NHC ligand, with a spin density mainly located on the diaminoethylene NHC-backbone, and has a dramatic effect on the donating properties of the NHC ligand. Conversely, as the Mn(I) center in the complex [MnCp(CO)2 ((IMes(NMe2)2)] is easily oxidizable, the latter complex is first oxidized on the metal center to form the corresponding cationic Mn(II) complex, and the NHC ligand is oxidized in a second reversible oxidation wave.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Ruamps
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.-S.); (L.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Stéphanie Bastin
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.-S.); (L.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Lionel Rechignat
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.-S.); (L.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Alix Sournia-Saquet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.-S.); (L.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.-S.); (L.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.-S.); (L.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Jean-Marie Mouesca
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.-S.); (L.V.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.V.); (V.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- Correspondence: (D.A.V.); (V.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.-S.); (L.V.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.V.); (V.M.); (V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gutiérrez-Peña CL, Poyatos M, Peris E. A redox-switchable catalyst with an ‘unplugged’ redox tag. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10564-10567. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis-(propyl-imidazoliylidene)-napthalenediimide (NDI) complexes of rhodium and iridium showed effective redox-switching properties, despite the electronic disconnection between the NDI moiety and the metal centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian L. Gutiérrez-Peña
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|