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Wang Y, Liu H, Shi Q, Miao Z, Duan H, Wang Y, Rong H, Zhang J. Single-Atom Titanium on Mesoporous Nitrogen, Oxygen-Doped Carbon for Efficient Photo-thermal Catalytic CO 2 Cycloaddition by a Radical Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404911. [PMID: 38581238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient and earth-abundant catalysts for CO2 fixation to high value-added chemicals is meaningful but challenging. Styrene carbonate has great market value, but the cycloaddition of CO2 to styrene oxide is difficult due to the high steric hindrance and weak electron-withdrawing ability of the phenyl group. To utilize clean energy (such as optical energy) directly and effectively for CO2 value-added process, we introduce earth-abundant Ti single-atom into the mesoporous nitrogen, oxygen-doped carbon nanosheets (Ti-CNO) by a two-step method. The Ti-CNO exhibits excellent photothermal catalytic activities and stability for cycloaddition of CO2 and styrene oxide to styrene carbonate. Under light irradiation and ambient pressure, an optimal Ti-CNO produces styrene carbonate with a yield of 98.3 %, much higher than CN (27.1 %). In addition, it shows remarkable stability during 10 consecutive cycles. Its enhanced catalytic performance stems from the enhanced photothermal effect and improved Lewis acidic/basic sites exposed by the abundant mesopores. The experiments and theoretical simulations demonstrate the styrene oxide⋅+ and CO2⋅- radicals generated at the Lewis acidic (Tiδ+) and basic sites of Ti-CNO under light irradiation, respectively. This work furnishes a strategy for synthesizing advanced single-atom catalysts for photo-thermal synergistic CO2 fixation to high value products via a cycloaddition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qiujin Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zerui Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haohong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yiou Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hongpan Rong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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2
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Hou J, Huang C, Liu Y, Fei P, Zhang D, Qu K, Zi W, Huang X. Phenanthroline-Mediated Photoelectrical Enhancement in Calix[4]arene-Functionalized Titanium-Oxo Clusters. Molecules 2024; 29:2566. [PMID: 38893442 PMCID: PMC11173645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Incorporating two organic ligands with different functionalities into a titanium-oxo cluster entity simultaneously can endow the material with their respective properties and provide synergistic performance enhancement, which is of great significance for enriching the structure and properties of titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs). However, the synthesis of such TOCs is highly challenging. In this work, we successfully synthesized a TBC4A-functionalized TOC, [Ti2(TBC4A)2(MeO)2] (Ti2; MeOH = methanol, TBC4A = tert-butylcalix[4]arene). By adjusting the solvent system, we successfully introduced 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) and prepared TBC4A and Phen co-protected [Ti2(TBC4A)2(Phen)2] (Ti2-Phen). Moreover, when Phen was replaced with bulky 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), [Ti2(TBC4A)2(Bphen)2] (Ti2-Bphen), which is isostructural with Ti2-Phen, was obtained, demonstrating the generality of the synthetic method. Remarkably, Ti2-Phen demonstrates good stability and stronger light absorption, as well as superior photoelectric performance compared to Ti2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that there exists ligand-to-core charge transfer (LCCT) in Ti2, while an unusual ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) is present in Ti2-Phen, accompanied by partial LCCT. Therefore, the superior light absorption and photoelectric properties of Ti2-Phen are attributed to the existence of the unusual LLCT phenomenon. This study not only deeply explores the influence of Phen on the performance of the material but also provides a reference for the preparation of materials with excellent photoelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinle Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.H.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (D.Z.); (K.Q.); (W.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianqiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (C.H.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (D.Z.); (K.Q.); (W.Z.)
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3
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Liu K, Du L, Wang T. Coordination Synergy between Iridium Photosensitizers and Metal Nanoclusters Leading to Enhanced CO 2 Cycloaddition under Mild Conditions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4614-4627. [PMID: 38422546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The achievement of photocatalytic CO2 and epoxide cycloaddition under mild conditions such as room temperature and atmospheric pressure is important for green chemistry, which can be achieved by developing coordination synergies between catalysts and photosensitizers. In this context, we exploit the use of coordinate bonds to connect pyridine-appended iridium photosensitizers and catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition, which is systematically demonstrated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance titration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. It is shown that the hybrid Ir(Cltpy)2/Mn2Cd4 photocatalytic system with coordination synergy exhibits excellent catalytic performance (yield ≈ 98.2%), which is 3.75 times higher than that of the comparative Ir(Cltpy-Ph)2/Mn2Cd4 system without coordination synergy (yield ≈ 26.2%), under mild conditions. The coordination between the Mn2Cd4 catalyst and the Ir(Cltpy)2 photosensitizer enhances the light absorption and photoresponse properties of the Mn2Cd4 catalyst. This has been confirmed through transient photocurrent, electrochemical impedance, and electron paramagnetic tests. Consequently, the efficiency of cycloaddition was enhanced by utilizing mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & the Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Longchao Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & the Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & the Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
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Paul R, Boruah A, Das R, Chakraborty S, Chahal K, Deka DJ, Peter SC, Mai BK, Mondal J. Pyrolysis Free Out-of-Plane Co-Single Atomic Sites in Porous Organic Photopolymer Stimulates Solar-Powered CO 2 Fixation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305307. [PMID: 37926775 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a facile strategy is illustrated to develop pyrolysis-free out-of-plane coordinated single atomic sites-based M-POP via a one-pot Friedel Craft acylation route followed by a post-synthetic metalation. The optimized geometry of the Co@BiPy-POP clearly reveals the presence of out-of-plane Co-single atomic sites in the porous backbone. This novel photopolymer Co@BiPy-POP shows extensive π-conjugations followed by impressive light harvesting ability and is utilized for photochemical CO2 fixation to value-added chemicals. A remarkable conversion of styrene epoxide (STE) to styrene carbonate (STC) (≈98%) is obtained under optimized photocatalytic conditions in the existence of promoter tert-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB). Synchrotron-based X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis reveals the single atom coordination sites along with the metal (Co) oxidation number of +2.16 in the porous network. Moreover, in situ diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations provide valuable information on the evolution of key reaction intermediates. Comprehensivecomputational analysis also helps to understand the overall mechanistic pathway along with the interaction between the photocatalyst and reactants. Overall, this study presents a new concept of fabricating porous photopolymers based on a pyrolysis-free out-of-plane-coordination strategy and further explores the role of single atomic sites in carrying out feasible CO2 fixation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| | - Ankita Boruah
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| | - Risov Das
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Kapil Chahal
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Deka
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
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5
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Said A, Chen G, Zhang G, Wang D, Liu Y, Gao F, Wang G, Tung CH, Wang Y. Enhancing the photocatalytic performance of a rutile unit featuring a titanium-oxide cluster by Pb 2+ doping. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3666-3674. [PMID: 38293811 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03865c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Titanium-oxide clusters (TOCs) are well-defined molecular models for TiO2 materials and provide the opportunity to study the structure-activity relationships of TiO2. Here, we report a new Pb-doped TOC, Ti12Pb2, which resembles a two-layer decker of the {TiTi6} structural units of rutile TiO2 with two Ti4+ ions replaced by two Pb2+ ions. Its electronic structure, photoresponse, and photocatalytic performances were investigated and compared with those of the Ti14 cluster, which is isostructural to Ti12Pb2. Our results indicate that Pb2+ does not affect the electronic structure, but it greatly enhances the photocatalytic activity by improving the charge-separation and interfacial charge-transfer properties of the TOC. The successful synthesis of Ti12Pb2 highlights the roles of closed-shell heterometal ions in the construction of new TOCs. Our mechanism may be an inspiration for understanding the structure-activity relationships of closed-shell heterometal-doped TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Said
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanyun Zhang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanshu Liu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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6
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Hou J, Huang N, Acharya D, Liu Y, Zhu J, Teng J, Wang Z, Qu K, Zhang X, Sun D. All-catecholate-stabilized black titanium-oxo clusters for efficient photothermal conversion. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2655-2664. [PMID: 38362423 PMCID: PMC10866351 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs) completely stabilized by organic dye ligands with high stability and superior light absorption remains a significant challenge. In this study, we report the syntheses of three atomically precise catechol (Cat)-functionalized TOCs, [Ti2(Cat)2(OEgO)2(OEgOH)2] (Ti2), [Ti8O5(Cat)9(iPrO)4(iPrOH)2] (Ti8), and [Ti16O8(OH)8(Cat)20]·H2O·PhMe (Ti16), using a solvent-induced strategy (HOEgOH = ethylene glycol; iPrOH = isopropanol; PhMe = toluene). Interestingly, the TiO core of Ti16 is almost entirely enveloped by catechol ligands, making it the first all-catechol-protected high-nuclearity TOC. In contrast, Ti2 and Ti8 have four weakly coordinated ethylene glycol ligands and six weakly coordinated iPrOH ligands, respectively, in addition to the catechol ligands. Ti16 is visually evident in its distinctively black appearance, which belongs to black TOCs (B-TOCs) and exhibits an ultralow optical band gap. Furthermore, Ti16 displays exceptional stability in various media/environments, including exposure to air, solvents, and both acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions due to its comprehensive protection by catechol ligands and rich intra-cluster supramolecular interactions. Ti16 has superior photoelectric response qualities and photothermal conversion capabilities compared to Ti2 and Ti8 due to its ultralow optical band gap and remarkable stability. This discovery not only represents a huge step forward in the creation of all-catecholate-protected B-TOCs with ultralow optical band gaps and outstanding stability, but it also gives key valuable mechanistic insights into their photothermal/electric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinle Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Nahui Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Dinesh Acharya
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Teng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Konggang Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhang W, Li Z, Yu XF, Zhang K, Liu S, Du Y, Guo Q, Zhang L, Ding X, Tang H, Peng Y, Yang X. Photothermal Synergistic Catalysis over Defective Zn 3In 2S 6 for CO 2 Fixation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2954-2966. [PMID: 38288974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) cycloaddition not only produces highly valued cyclic carbonate but also utilizes CO2 as C1 resources with 100% atomic efficiency. However, traditional catalytic routes still suffer from inferior catalytic efficiency and harsh reaction conditions. Developing multienergy-field catalytic technology with expected efficiency offers great opportunity for satisfied yield under mild conditions. Herein, Zn3In2S6 with sulfur vacancies (Sv) was fabricated with the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which is further employed for photothermally driven CO2 cycloaddition first. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical characterization demonstrated its superior separation kinetics of photoinduced carriers induced by defect engineering. The temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) technique indicated its excellent Lewis acidity-basicity characters. Due to the combination of above merits from photocatalysis and thermal catalysis, defective Zn3In2S6-Sv achieved a yield as high as 73.2% for cyclic carbonate at 80 °C under blue LED illumination within 2 h (apparent quantum yield of 0.468% under illumination of 380 nm monochromatic light at 36 mW·cm-2), which is 2.9, 2.0, and 6.9 times higher than that in dark conditions and those of pristine Zn3In2S6 and industrial representative tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) thermal-catalysis process under the same conditions, respectively. The synergistic reaction path of photocatalysis and thermal catalysis was discriminated by theoretical calculation. This work provides new insights into the photothermal synergistic catalysis CO2 cycloaddition with defective ternary metal sulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Fang Yu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, No. 32 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Kaisheng Zhang
- Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Senmiao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lixue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Hua Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanhua Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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8
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Liu Y, Zhang G, Wang D, Chen G, Gao F, Tung CH, Wang Y. A cryptand-like Ti-coordination compound with visible-light photocatalytic activity in CO 2 storage. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1989-1998. [PMID: 38205664 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A cryptand-like Ti-coordination compound, namely Ti12Cs, comprising two Ti6-salicylate cages and hosting two Cs+ ions, was synthesized by the solvothermal method. It exhibits strong visible-light absorption with an absorption band edge of 652 nm, attributed to the electron transition from salicylate ligands to Ti ions. Electrochemical impedance, visible-light transient photocurrent response, and photoluminescence spectra confirm that Ti12Cs has excellent visible-light response and charge-separation properties. Ti12Cs can be used as a heterogeneous and recyclable photocatalyst for CO2/epoxide cycloaddition, with high utilization efficiency of visible-light under mild conditions. The mechanism investigation points to a synergistic effect of photocatalysis and Lewis acid catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Liu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanyun Zhang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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9
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Wang D, Liu Y, Chen G, Gao F, Zhang G, Wang G, Tung CH, Wang Y. Ligation of Titanium-oxide and {Mo 2} Units for Solar CO 2 Storage. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21074-21082. [PMID: 38095877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Two Mo-Ti-mixed oxide clusters, Ti6Mo4 and Ti4Mo4, which contain the {Mo2V} unit commonly observed in many polyoxomolybdates, were successfully synthesized. The introduction of a {Mo2V} dopant into a titanium-oxide cluster (TOC) results in a red shift of the absorption edge, hence leading to a substantial enhancement of visible-light absorption. The band gap electron transition mainly involves the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT, benzoate-to-Mo) and MoV d-d transition. Both clusters show favorable visible-light responsiveness and charge-separation efficiency. Both serve as heterogeneous photocatalysts and exhibit excellent catalytic activity in CO2/epoxide cycloadditions under very mild conditions. The mechanism study suggests that the catalytically active sites are mainly MoV, and the photogenerated electrons and holes are both involved. Ti6Mo4 exhibits better photocatalytic activity than Ti4Mo4, demonstrating the crucial role of the titanium-oxide core, which corresponds to improved light absorption and charge-separation efficiency. Our findings highlight the potential of the {Mo2V} unit in constructing Mo-Ti-mixed oxide clusters with interesting topologies and excellent solar-light-harvesting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanshu Liu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanyun Zhang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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10
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Xiao Y, Tian X, Chen Y, Xiao X, Chen T, Wang Y. Recent Advances in Carbon Nitride-Based S-scheme Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103745. [PMID: 37241371 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Energy shortages are a major challenge to the sustainable development of human society, and photocatalytic solar energy conversion is a potential way to alleviate energy problems. As a two-dimensional organic polymer semiconductor, carbon nitride is considered to be the most promising photocatalyst due to its stable properties, low cost, and suitable band structure. Unfortunately, pristine carbon nitride has low spectral utilization, easy recombination of electron holes, and insufficient hole oxidation ability. The S-scheme strategy has developed in recent years, providing a new perspective for effectively solving the above problems of carbon nitride. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest progress in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride via the S-scheme strategy, including the design principles, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and photocatalytic mechanisms of the carbon nitride-based S-scheme photocatalyst. In addition, the latest research progress of the S-scheme strategy based on carbon nitride in photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 reduction is also reviewed. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for exploring advanced nitride-based S-scheme photocatalysts are presented. This review brings the research of carbon nitride-based S-scheme strategy to the forefront and is expected to guide the development of the next-generation carbon nitride-based S-scheme photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Xiao
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xu Tian
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Xuechun Xiao
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Materials Science & Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yude Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-Carbon Technologies, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
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Said A, Zhang G, Liu C, Wang D, Niu H, Liu Y, Chen G, Tung CH, Wang Y. A butterfly-like lead-doped titanium-oxide compound with high performance in photocatalytic cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxide. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2392-2403. [PMID: 36723215 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03990g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cycloaddition reaction of CO2 to epoxides is quite promising for CO2 capture and storage as well as the production of value-added fine chemicals. Herein, a novel atomically precise lead-doped titanium-oxide cluster with the formula Ti10Pb2O16(phen)4(Ac)12(DMF)2 (denoted as Ti10Pb2; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; Ac = acetate; DMF = dimethylformamide) was synthesized through a facile solvothermal process, and is a molecular photocatalyst with surface-anchored main-group metal active sites. Its structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other complementary techniques. Ti10Pb2 showed high photo-response and charge-separation efficiency under simulated sunlight irradiation. Ti10Pb2 was successfully used in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides under solvent-free conditions. While its catalytic activity due to the Lewis acidity was moderate, simulated solar light irradiation further enhanced the reaction rate, demonstrating the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and Lewis-acid thermocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Said
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Guanyun Zhang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Dexin Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Huihui Niu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Yanshu Liu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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12
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Said A, Liu C, Gao C, Wang D, Niu H, Liu Y, Wang G, Tung CH, Wang Y. Lead-Decorated Titanium Oxide Compound with a High Performance in Catalytic CO 2 Insertion to Epoxides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1901-1910. [PMID: 36184952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides is an efficient method for CO2 capture and storage, important not only for reducing greenhouse gas emission but also for producing cyclic carbonates, which are valuable industrial materials. In this study, we report a novel high-nuclearity titanium oxide cluster (TOC) inlayed with main-group element Pb2+, H2Ti16Pb9O24(SA)18(DMF)10(OH2)2 (denoted as 1; SA = salicylate; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), which has the property of visible-light absorption and has shown high catalytic activities for cycloadditions of CO2 under visible-light irradiation. The cluster was synthesized in a high yield in a facial solvothermal process. Its structure and electronic structure were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, density functional theory calculations, and complementary techniques. The cycloaddition reactions were performed under solvent-free conditions. While the catalytic activity due to the Lewis acidity was moderate, visible-light irradiation further folded the reaction rates. The turnover number reached 3400 with a turnover frequency of 120 h-1. Mechanism studies indicated a synergistic effect of the Lewis acidity and photogenerated charge carriers. The performance of 1 in reversible I2 uptake was also investigated. This study demonstrates the high potential of heterometal-decorated TOCs in the cost-effective and efficient CO2 cycloaddition reaction under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Said
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dexin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huihui Niu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanshu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Shi L, Yin J, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhang H, Tang H. Embedding Cu3P quantum dots onto BiOCl nanosheets as a 0D/2D S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic antibiotic degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136607. [PMID: 36179920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly efficient photocatalysts is vital for solvinge the problem of environmental pollution. In this study, a novel zero-/two-dimensional (0D/2D) S-scheme heterojunction was fabricated by integrating 0D copper phosphide (Cu3P) quantum dots (QDs) with a size in the range of 3-8 nm onto 2D bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets using a self-assembly tactic. The Cu3P/BiOCl presented intimate interface contact and high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of antibiotics (tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), oxytetracycline, ofloxacin). The optimal sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic TC degradation, with a total removal rate of 86% after 6 min under full-spectrum irradiation, which was higher than that of compared to individual BiOCl. The improved activity of the Cu3P/BiOCl heterojunction was attributed to the enhanced separation of the photogenerated carriers due to the S-scheme mode which can promote the recombination of useless photogenerated carriers and maintain photogenerated carriers with stronger redox potentials for photocatalytic reaction. In addition, employing Cu3P QDs and BiOCl nanosheets to construct an S-scheme composite can offer abundant active sites for antibiotic degradation. In brief, this study demonstrates that Cu3P QDs are an effective cocatalyst for degrading organic pollutants, which provides novel inspiration for the future design of green recycling photocatalysts for wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China
| | - Jiangning Yin
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Hanqiong Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China.
| | - Hua Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Wang D, Said A, Liu Y, Niu H, Liu C, Wang G, Li Z, Tung CH, Wang Y. Cr-Ti Mixed Oxide Molecular Cages: Synthesis, Structure, Photoresponse, and Photocatalytic Properties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14887-14898. [PMID: 36063420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The solvothermal reaction of titanium isopropoxide and chromate in the presence of benzoate produced two novel host-guest clusters encapsulating Cs+ or H3O+, (H3O)@Ti7Cr14 and Cs@Ti7Cr14. The most remarkable feature is that the Ti7O7 ring is concentrically embraced by a Cr14O14 ring to form a rigid Ti7Cr14 host. ESI-MS and 133Cs NMR revealed that the overall framework structures are preserved, whereas the benzoate ligands on the two clusters may be labile in solutions. Both (H3O)@Ti7Cr14 and Cs@Ti7Cr14 exhibit good UV-vis light-responsive properties and photocatalytic activities, with absorption edges extending up to 780 nm. Cs@Ti7Cr14 is an effective visible-light-responsive photocatalyst in both the heterogeneous methylene dye degradation and homogeneous CO2 cycloaddition reaction under mild conditions like room temperature and 1 bar of CO2. According to the mechanism studies, Cs+, as a rigid guest, can significantly improve the photogenerated charge separation efficiency of the Ti7Cr14 host, thereby improving its interface charge separation properties, photocurrent, and photocatalytic activities. Our findings not only provide new members of heterometallic titanium oxide clusters to enrich the metal oxide cluster family but also open up new possibilities for their photoresponses, which may play an important role in solar energy harvesting for sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Amir Said
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanshu Liu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huihui Niu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Sarkar C, Paul R, Dao DQ, Xu S, Chatterjee R, Shit SC, Bhaumik A, Mondal J. Unlocking Molecular Secrets in a Monomer-Assembly-Promoted Zn-Metalated Catalytic Porous Organic Polymer for Light-Responsive CO 2 Insertion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37620-37636. [PMID: 35944163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is soaring day by day due to fossil fuel combustion to fulfill the daily energy requirements of our society. The CO2 concentration should be stabilized to evade the deadly consequences of it, as climate change is one of the major consequences of greenhouse gas emission. Chemical fixation of CO2 to other value-added chemicals requires high energy due to its stability at the highest oxidation state, creating a tremendous challenge to the scientific community to fix CO2 and prevent global warming caused by it. In this work, we have introduced a novel monomer-assembly-directed strategy to design va isible-light-responsive conjugated Zn-metalated porous organic polymer (Zn@MA-POP) with a dynamic covalent acyl hydrazone linkage, via a one-pot condensation between the self-assembled monomer 1,3,5-benzenetricarbohydrazide (TPH) and a Zn complex (Zn@COM). We have successfully explored as-synthesized Zn@MA-POP as a potential photocatalyst in visible-light-driven CO2 photofixation with styrene epoxide (SE) to styrene carbonate (SC). Nearly 90% desired product (SC) selectivity has been achieved with our Zn@MA-POP, which is significantly better than that for the conventional Zn@TiO2 (∼29%) and Zn@gC3N4 (∼26%) photocatalytic systems. The excellent light-harvesting nature with longer lifetime minimizes the radiative recombination rate of photoexcited electrons as a result of extended π-conjugation in Zn@MA-POP and increased CO2 uptake, eventually boosting the photocatalytic activity. Local structural results from a first-shell EXAFS analysis reveals the existence of a Zn(N2O4) core structure in Zn@MA-POP, which plays a pivotal role in activating the epoxide ring as well as capturing the CO2 molecules. An in-depth study of the POP-CO2 interaction via a density functional theory (DFT) analysis reveals two feasible interactions, Zn@MA-POP-CO2-A and Zn@MA-POP-CO2-B, of which the latter has a lower relative energy of 0.90 kcal/mol in comparison to the former. A density of states (DOS) calculation demonstrates the lowering of the LUMO energy (EL) of Zn@MA-POP by 0.35 and 0.42 eV, respectively, for the two feasible interactions, in comparison to Zn@COM. Moreover, the potential energy profile also unveils the spontaneous and exergonic photoconversion pathways for the SE to SC conversion. Our contribution is expected to spur further interest in the precise design of visible-light-active conjugated porous organic polymers for CO2 photofixation to value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Shaojun Xu
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Rupak Chatterjee
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Shit
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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