1
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Dey S, Charlack AD, Durham AC, Zhu J, Wang Y, Wang YM. Synthesis of 1,3-Enynes by Iron-Catalyzed Propargylic C-H Functionalization: An Alkyne Analogue for the Eschenmoser Methenylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3355-3360. [PMID: 38604973 PMCID: PMC11059102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A two-step protocol for the conversion of alkyl-substituted alkynes to 1,3-enynes is reported. In this α-methenylation process, an iron-catalyzed propargylic C-H functionalization delivers tetramethylpiperidine-derived homopropargylic amines which undergo facile Cope elimination upon N-oxidation to afford the enyne products. A range of aryl alkyl and dialkyl acetylenes were found to be suitable substrates for this process, which constitutes an alkyne analogue for the Eschenmoser methenylation of carbonyl derivatives. In addition, a new bench-stable precatalyst for iron-catalyzed propargylic C-H functionalization is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Aaron D. Charlack
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Austin C. Durham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- School
of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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2
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Báti G, Csókás D, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical Scholl Reaction on Phenylated Cyclopentadiene Core: One-Step Synthesis of Fluoreno[5]helicenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302971. [PMID: 37870299 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explore feasibility of the mechanochemical approach in the synthesis of tetrabenzofluorenes (fluoreno[5]helicenes). For this, commercially available phenylated cyclopentadiene precursors are subjected to the Scholl reaction in the solid state using FeCl3 as an oxidant and sodium chloride as the solid reaction medium. This ball milling process gave access to the 5-membered ring containing-helicenes in one synthetic step in high (95-96 %) isolated yields. The solution-phase reactions, however, were found to be moderate to low yielding in this regard (10-40 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Wenger LE, Hanusa TP. Synthesis without solvent: consequences for mechanochemical reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14210-14222. [PMID: 37953718 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Solvents are so nearly omnipresent in synthetic chemistry that a classic question for their use has been: "What is the best solvent for this reaction?" The increasing use of mechanochemical approaches to synthesis-by grinding, milling, extrusion, or other means-and usually with no, or only limited, amounts of solvent, has raised an alternative question for the synthetic chemist: "What happens if there is no solvent?" This review focuses on a three-part answer to that question: when there is little change ("solvent-optional" reactions); when solvent needs to be present in some form, even if only in the amounts provided by liquid-assisted (LAG) or solvate-assisted grinding; and those cases in which mechanochemistry allows access to compounds that cannot be obtained from solution-based routes. The emphasis here is on inorganic and organometallic systems, including selected examples of mechanosynthesis and mechanocatalysis. Issues of mechanochemical depictions and the adequacy of LAG descriptions are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA.
| | - Timothy P Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA.
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4
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Báti G, Laxmi S, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Corannulene: Scalable and Efficient Preparation of A Curved Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon under Ball Milling Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202301087. [PMID: 37581302 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Corannulene, a curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is prepared in a multigram scale through mechanochemical synthesis. Initially, a mixer mill approach is examined and found to be suitable for a gram scale synthesis. For larger scales, planetary mills are used. For instance, 15 g of corannulene could be obtained in a single milling cycle with an isolated yield of 90 %. The yields are lower when the jar rotation rate is lower or higher than 400 revolutions per minute (rpm). Cumulatively, 98 g of corannulene is produced through the ball milling-based grinding techniques. These results indicate the future potential of mechanochemistry in the rational chemical synthesis of highly curved nanocarbons such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shoba Laxmi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Luo H, Liu FZ, Liu Y, Chu Z, Yan K. Biasing Divergent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Oxidation Pathway by Solvent-Free Mechanochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37428958 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise control in reaction selectivity is the goal in modern organic synthesis, and it has been widely studied throughout the synthetic community. In comparison, control of divergent reactivity of a given reagent under different reaction conditions is relatively less explored aspect of chemical selectivity. We herein report an unusual reaction between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and periodic acid H5IO6 (1), where the product outcome is dictated by the choice of reaction conditions. That is, reactions under solution-based condition give preferentially C-H iodination products, while reactions under solvent-free mechanochemical condition provide C-H oxidation quinone products. Control experiments further indicated that the iodination product is not a reaction intermediate toward the oxidation product and vice versa. Mechanistic studies unveiled an in situ crystalline-to-crystalline phase change in 2 during ball-milling treatment, where we assigned it as a polymeric hydrogen-bond network of 1. We believe that this polymeric crystalline phase shields the more embedded electrophilic I═O group of 1 from C-H iodination and bias a divergent C-H oxidation pathway (with I═O) in the solid state. Collectively, this work demonstrates that mechanochemistry can be employed to completely switch a reaction pathway and unmask hidden reactivity of chemical reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Zi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - KaKing Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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6
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Wang Z, Zhang C, Wu J, Li B, Chrostowska A, Karamanis P, Liu SY. trans-Hydroalkynylation of Internal 1,3-Enynes Enabled by Cooperative Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5624-5630. [PMID: 36862947 PMCID: PMC10162690 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A cooperative catalyst system involving a Pd(0)/Senphos complex, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, copper bromide, and an amine base, is demonstrated to catalyze trans-hydroalkynylation of internal 1,3-enynes. For the first time, a Lewis acid catalyst is shown to promote the reaction involving the emerging outer-sphere oxidative reaction step. The resulting cross-conjugated dieneynes are versatile synthons for organic synthesis, and their characterization reveals distinct photophysical properties depending on the positioning of the donor/acceptor substituents along the conjugation path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Jason Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Anna Chrostowska
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Panaghiotis Karamanis
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
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7
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Borah B, Swain S, Patat M, Kumar B, Prajapat KK, Biswas R, Vasantha R, Chowhan LR. Brønsted acid catalyzed mechanochemical domino multicomponent reactions by employing liquid assisted grindstone chemistry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1386. [PMID: 36697475 PMCID: PMC9876939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we have demonstrated a metal-free energy-efficient mechanochemical approach for expedient access to a diverse set of 2-amino-3-cyano-aryl/heteroaryl-4H-chromenes, tetrahydrospiro[chromene-3,4'-indoline], 2,2'-aryl/heteroarylmethylene-bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enone) as well as tetrahydro-1H-xanthen-1-one by employing the reactivity of 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione/cyclohexane-1,3-dione with TsOH⋅H2O as Brønsted acid catalyst under water-assisted grinding conditions at ambient temperature. The ability to accomplish multiple C-C, C=C, C-O, and C-N bonds from readily available starting materials via a domino multicomponent strategy in the absence of metal-catalyst as well as volatile organic solvents with an immediate reduction in the cost of the transformation without necessitates complex operational procedures, features the significant highlights of this approach. The excellent yield of the products, broad functional group tolerances, easy set-up, column-free, scalable synthesis with ultralow catalyst loading, short reaction time, waste-free, ligand-free, and toxic-free, are other notable advantages of this approach. The greenness and sustainability of the protocol were also established by demonstrating several green metrics parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- grid.448759.30000 0004 1764 7951School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Sector-30, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 India
| | - Sidhartha Swain
- grid.448759.30000 0004 1764 7951School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Sector-30, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 India
| | - Mihir Patat
- grid.448759.30000 0004 1764 7951School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Sector-30, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- grid.448759.30000 0004 1764 7951School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Sector-30, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 India
| | - Ketan Kumar Prajapat
- grid.448759.30000 0004 1764 7951School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Sector-30, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 India
| | - Rathindranath Biswas
- grid.428366.d0000 0004 1773 9952Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401 India
| | - R. Vasantha
- grid.448759.30000 0004 1764 7951School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Sector-30, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 India
| | - L. Raju Chowhan
- grid.448759.30000 0004 1764 7951School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Sector-30, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 India
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8
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Kaabel S, Arciszewski J, Borchers TH, Therien JPD, Friščić T, Auclair K. Solid-State Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mixed PET/Cotton Textiles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201613. [PMID: 36165763 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste polyester textiles are not recycled due to separation challenges and partial structural degradation during use and recycling. Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles through depolymerization can provide a feedstock of recycled monomers to make "as-new" polymers. While enzymatic PET recycling is a more selective and more sustainable approach, methods in development, however, have thus far been limited to clean, high-quality PET feedstocks, and require an energy-intensive melt-amorphization step ahead of enzymatic treatment. Here, high-crystallinity PET in mixed PET/cotton textiles could be directly and selectively depolymerized to terephthalic acid (TPA) by using a commercial cutinase from Humicola insolens under moist-solid reaction conditions, affording up to 30±2 % yield of TPA. The process was readily combined with cotton depolymerization through simultaneous or sequential application of the cellulase enzymes CTec2®, providing up to 83±4 % yield of glucose without any negative influence on the TPA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jane Arciszewski
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - J P Daniel Therien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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9
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Gonnet L, Borchers TH, Lennox CB, Vainauskas J, Teoh Y, Titi HM, Barrett CJ, Koenig SG, Nagapudi K, Friščić T. The " η-sweet-spot" ( ηmax) in liquid-assisted mechanochemistry: polymorph control and the role of a liquid additive as either a catalyst or an inhibitor in resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:128-149. [PMID: 36239309 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00131d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) offers a simple, efficient route for mechanochemical synthesis in the absence of milling media or bulk solvents. Here, we show the use of RAM to conduct the copper-catalysed coupling of sulfonamides and carbodiimides. This coupling was previously reported to take place only by mechanochemical ball milling, while in conventional solution environments it is not efficient, or does not take place at all. The results demonstrate RAM as a suitable methodology to conduct reactions previously accessed only by ball milling and provide a detailed, systematic overview of how the amount of liquid additive, measured by the ratio of liquid volume to weight of reactants (η, in μL mg-1), can affect the course of a mechanochemical reaction and the polymorphic composition of its product. Switching from ball milling to RAM allowed for the discovery of a new polymorph of the model sulfonylguanidine obtained by catalytic coupling of di(cyclohexyl)carbodiimide (DCC) and p-toluenesulfonamide, and the ability to control reaction temperature in RAM enabled in situ control of the polymorphic behaviour of this nascent product. We show that the reaction conversion for a given reaction time does not change monotonically but, instead, achieves a maximum for a well-defined η-value. This "η-sweet-spot" of conversion is herein designated ηmax. The herein explored reactions demonstrate sensitivity to η on the order of 0.01 μL mg-1, which corresponds to an amount of liquid additive below 5 mol% compared to the reactants, and is at least one to two orders of magnitude lower than the η-value typically considered in the design of liquid-assisted ball milling mechanochemical reactions. Such sensitivity suggests that strategies to optimise liquid-assisted mechanochemical reactions should systematically evaluate η-values at increments of 0.01 μL mg-1, or even finer. At η-values other than ηmax the reaction conversion drops off, demonstrating that the same liquid additive can act either as a catalyst or an inhibitor of a mechanochemical reaction, depending on the amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Gonnet
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada.
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada.
| | - Cameron B Lennox
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada.
| | - Jogirdas Vainauskas
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada.
| | - Yong Teoh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada.
| | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada.
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada.
| | - Stefan G Koenig
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada. .,School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
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10
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Jones AC, Williams MTJ, Morrill LC, Browne DL. Mechanical Activation of Zero-Valent Metal Reductants for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. ACS Catal 2022; 12:13681-13689. [PMID: 36366760 PMCID: PMC9638985 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The cross-electrophile coupling of either twisted-amides
or heteroaryl
halides with alkyl halides, enabled by ball-milling, is herein described.
The operationally simple nickel-catalyzed process has no requirement
for inert atmosphere or dry solvents and delivers the corresponding
acylated or heteroarylated products across a broad range of substrates.
Key to negating the necessity of inert reaction conditions is the
mechanical activation of the raw metal terminal reductant: manganese
in the case of twisted amides and zinc for heteroaryl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Jones
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Matthew T. J. Williams
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Louis C. Morrill
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
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11
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Xuan M, Schumacher C, Bolm C, Göstl R, Herrmann A. The Mechanochemical Synthesis and Activation of Carbon-Rich π-Conjugated Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105497. [PMID: 35048569 PMCID: PMC9259731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry uses mechanical force to break, form, and manipulate chemical bonds to achieve functional transformations and syntheses. Over the last years, many innovative applications of mechanochemistry have been developed. Specifically for the synthesis and activation of carbon-rich π-conjugated materials, mechanochemistry offers reaction pathways that either are inaccessible with other stimuli, such as light and heat, or improve reaction yields, energy consumption, and substrate scope. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances in this research field combining the viewpoints of polymer and trituration mechanochemistry. The highlighted mechanochemical transformations include π-conjugated materials as optical force probes, the force-induced release of small dye molecules, and the mechanochemical synthesis of polyacetylene, carbon allotropes, and other π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Xuan
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
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12
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Dutta A, Saikia RA, Thakur AJ. A Mechanistic approach to Liquid assisted mechanochemical synthesis of 5‐aryl/spiro‐[1,2,4]‐triazolidine‐3‐thiones: a revisit. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Dutta
- Tezpur University Chemical Sciences Napaam 784028 Tezpur INDIA
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13
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Manipulating Reaction Energy Coordinate Landscape of Mechanochemical Diaza-Cope Rearrangement. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082570. [PMID: 35458767 PMCID: PMC9027841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral vicinal diamines, a unique class of optically-active building blocks, play a crucial role in material design, pharmaceutical, and catalysis. Traditionally, their syntheses are all solvent-based approaches, which make organic solvent an indispensable part of their production. As part of our program aiming to develop chemical processes with reduced carbon footprints, we recently reported a highly practical and environmentally-friendly synthetic route to chiral vicinal diamines by solvent-free mechanochemical diaza-Cope rearrangement. We herein showed that a new protocol by co-milling with common laboratory solid additives, such as silica gel, can significantly enhance the efficiency of the reaction, compared to reactions in the absence of additives. One possible explanation is the Lewis acidic nature of additives that accelerates a key Schiff base formation step. Reaction monitoring experiments tracing all the reaction species, including reactants, intermediates, and product, suggested that the reaction profile is distinctly different from ball-milling reactions without additives. Collectively, this work demonstrated that additive effect is a powerful tool to manipulate a reaction pathway in mechanochemical diazo-Cope rearrangement pathway, and this is expected to find broad interest in organic synthesis using mechanical force as an energy input.
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14
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Guo H, Zhang S, Li Y, Yu X, Feng X, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Palladium-Catalyzed Tail-to-Tail Reductive Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes to 2,3-Dibranched Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116870. [PMID: 35103393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed tail-to-tail reductive dimerization of terminal alkynes is described for the first time. Aromatic terminal alkynes bearing diverse and sensitive functional groups as well as aliphatic terminal alkynes are efficiently transformed to 2,3-dibranched butadienes. The key to achieve a selective tail-to-tail reductive dimerization reaction is to control appropriately the acidity of the reaction solution, which is accomplished by a combined use of pivalic acid and para-toluenesulfonic acid. The tail-to-tail reductive dimerization reaction is proposed to proceed via a cationic alkenyl palladium intermediate under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
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15
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Gonnet L, Lennox CB, Do JL, Malvestiti I, Koenig SG, Nagapudi K, Friščić T. Metal-Catalyzed Organic Reactions by Resonant Acoustic Mixing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115030. [PMID: 35138018 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate catalytic organic synthesis by Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM): a mechanochemical methodology that does not require bulk solvent or milling media. Using as model reactions ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis and copper-catalyzed sulfonamide-isocyanate coupling, RAM mechanosynthesis is shown to be faster, operationally simpler than conventional ball-milling, while also providing the first example of a mechanochemical strategy for ruthenium-catalyzed ene-yne metathesis. Reactions by RAM are readily and directly scaled-up without any significant changes in reaction conditions, as shown by the straightforward 200-fold scaling-up of the synthesis of the antidiabetic drug Tolbutamide, from hundreds of milligrams directly to 30 grams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Gonnet
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada
| | - Cameron B Lennox
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada
| | - Ivani Malvestiti
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n, 50.740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Stefan G Koenig
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada
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16
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Guo H, Zhang S, Li Y, Yu X, Feng X, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Palladium‐Catalyzed Tail‐to‐Tail Reductive Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes to 2,3‐Dibranched Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Chemistry Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
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17
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Gonnet L, Lennox CB, Do J, Malvestiti I, Koenig SG, Nagapudi K, Friščić T. Metal‐Catalyzed Organic Reactions by Resonant Acoustic Mixing**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori Gonnet
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC, H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Cameron B. Lennox
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC, H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Jean‐Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC, H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Ivani Malvestiti
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n 50.740-560 Recife Brazil
| | - Stefan G. Koenig
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences Genentech, Inc. One DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences Genentech, Inc. One DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC, H3H 0B8 Canada
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18
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Williams MTJ, Morrill LC, Browne DL. Mechanochemical Organocatalysis: Do High Enantioselectivities Contradict What We Might Expect? CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102157. [PMID: 34767693 PMCID: PMC9300213 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ball mills input energy to samples by pulverising the contents of the jar. Each impact on the sample or wall of the jar results in an instantaneous transmission of energy in the form of a temperature and pressure increase (volume reduction). Conversely, enantioselective organocatalytic reactions proceed through perceived delicate and well-organised transition states. Does there exist a dichotomy in the idea of enantioselective mechanochemical organocatalysis? This Review provides a survey of the literature reporting the combination of organocatalytic reactions with mechanochemical ball milling conditions. Where possible, direct comparisons of stirred in solution, stirred neat and ball milled processes are drawn with a particular focus on control of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. J. Williams
- Cardiff Catalysis InstituteSchool of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Louis C. Morrill
- Cardiff Catalysis InstituteSchool of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistrySchool of PharmacyUniversity College London29–39 Brunswick Square, BloomsburyLondonWC1N 1AXUK
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19
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Yang X, Wu C, Su W, Yu J. Mechanochemical C−X/C−H Functionalization: An Alternative Strategy Access to Pharmaceuticals. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Weike Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
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20
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Lee GS, Lee HW, Lee HS, Do T, Do JL, Lim J, Peterson GI, Friščić T, Kim JG. Mechanochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization: development, scope, and mechano-exclusive polymer synthesis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11496-11505. [PMID: 36320385 PMCID: PMC9557243 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium-alkylidene initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization has been realized under solid-state conditions by employing a mechanochemical ball milling method. This method promotes greenness and broadens the scope to include mechano-exclusive products. The carbene- and pyridine-based Grubbs 3rd-generation complex outperformed other catalysts and maintained similar mechanistic features of solution-phase reactions. High-speed ball milling provides sufficient mixing and energy to the solid reaction mixture, which is composed of an initiator and monomers, to minimize or eliminate the use of solvents. Therefore, the solubility and miscibility of monomers and Ru-initiators are not limiting factors in solid-state ball milling. A wide variety of solid monomers, including ionomers, fluorous monomers, and macromonomers, were successfully polymerized under ball milling conditions. Importantly, direct copolymerization of immiscible (ionic/hydrophobic) monomers exemplifies the synthesis of mechano-exclusive polymers that are difficult to make using traditional solution procedures. Finally, the addition of a small amount of a liquid additive (i.e., liquid-assisted grinding) minimized chain-degradation, enabling high-molecular-weight polymer synthesis. Mechanochemical ball-milling ring-opening metathesis polymerization minimized solvent use and produced previously inaccessible polymers in solution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gue Seon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyang Do
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean-Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeewoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Inchon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
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21
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Nicholson WI, Howard JL, Magri G, Seastram AC, Khan A, Bolt RRA, Morrill LC, Richards E, Browne DL. Ball-Milling-Enabled Reactivity of Manganese Metal*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23128-23133. [PMID: 34405513 PMCID: PMC8596600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to generate organomanganese reagents under ball-milling conditions have led to the serendipitous discovery that manganese metal can mediate the reductive dimerization of arylidene malonates. The newly uncovered process has been optimized and its mechanism explored using CV measurements, radical trapping experiments, EPR spectroscopy, and solution control reactions. This unique reactivity can also be translated to solution whereupon pre-milling of the manganese is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph L. Howard
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Giuseppina Magri
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Alex C. Seastram
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Adam Khan
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Robert R. A. Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistryUniversity College London (UCL)School of Pharmacy29–39 Brunswick SquareLondonWC1N 1AXUK
| | - Louis C. Morrill
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Emma Richards
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistryUniversity College London (UCL)School of Pharmacy29–39 Brunswick SquareLondonWC1N 1AXUK
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22
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Nicholson WI, Howard JL, Magri G, Seastram AC, Khan A, Bolt RRA, Morrill LC, Richards E, Browne DL. Ball‐Milling‐Enabled Reactivity of Manganese Metal**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William I. Nicholson
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Joseph L. Howard
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Giuseppina Magri
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Alex C. Seastram
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Adam Khan
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Robert R. A. Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Louis C. Morrill
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Emma Richards
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
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23
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Yong T, Báti G, García F, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical transformation of planar polyarenes to curved fused-ring systems. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5187. [PMID: 34465777 PMCID: PMC8408202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of planar aromatic molecules into π-extended non-planar structures is a challenging task and has not been realized by mechanochemistry before. Here we report that mechanochemical forces can successfully transform a planar polyarene into a curved geometry by creating new C-C bonds along the rim of the molecular structure. In doing so, mechanochemistry does not require inert conditions or organic solvents and provide better yields within shorter reaction times. This is illustrated in a 20-minute synthesis of corannulene, a fragment of fullerene C60, in 66% yield through ball milling of planar tetrabromomethylfluoranthene precursor under ambient conditions. Traditional solution and gas-phase synthetic pathways do not compete with the practicality and efficiency offered by the mechanochemical synthesis, which now opens up a new reaction space for inducing curvature at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teoh Yong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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24
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Ying P, Yu J, Su W. Liquid‐Assisted Grinding Mechanochemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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25
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Wu Z, Wang G, Li Z, Feng E, Liang Y, Zhan H, Liu W. Solvent-free multi-component synthesis of unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)alkanes with Lewis acid-surfactant-SiO 2 as nanocatalyst. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1874016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhenliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, P. R. China
| | - Enke Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
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26
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Shou H, He Z, Peng G, Su W, Yu J. Two approaches for the synthesis of levo-praziquantel. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4507-4514. [PMID: 33908985 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the development of two pathways for the preparation of levo-praziquantel (R-PZQ), which involves three-/four-step processes of a mechanochemical (asymmetric) aza-Henry/acylation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction, (chiral resolution) and a solvent-free acylation-ring closing reaction. The key intermediate (R)-1-aminomethyl tetrahydroisoquinoline could be obtained either by chiral resolution with a rational reuse of the S-isomer or by mechanochemical enantioselective synthesis that refrained from using a bulky toxic solvent. The efficiency and scalability of both the developed routes were demonstrated and desired target product was obtained in a satisfactory yield with excellent enantiopurity (>99%), offering practical, concise and environmentally friendly alternatives to access R-PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Shou
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Zhaoting He
- Beijing Fukangren Bio-pharm Tech Co., Ltd, 102627, P. R. China
| | - Gang Peng
- Huadong Medicine Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310011, P. R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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27
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Williams MJ, Morrill LC, Browne DL. Expedient Organocatalytic Aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction through Ball-Milling. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:17876-17881. [PMID: 33614300 PMCID: PMC7885690 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A ball-milling enabled tertiary amine catalyzed aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction is reported. The reaction process does not require solvent, has significantly shorter reaction times than previous methods and is reported on a range of imines and acrylate Michael acceptors across than 26 examples. A 12-fold scaled-up example is also reported as well as experimental comparisons to solution-based experiments and neat-stirred reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
T. J. Williams
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Louis C. Morrill
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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28
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Pickhardt W, Grätz S, Borchardt L. Direct Mechanocatalysis: Using Milling Balls as Catalysts. Chemistry 2020; 26:12903-12911. [PMID: 32314837 PMCID: PMC7589287 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Direct mechanocatalysis describes catalytic reactions under the involvement of mechanical energy with the distinct feature of milling equipment itself being the catalyst. This novel type of catalysis features no solubility challenges of the catalysts nor the substrate and on top offering most facile way of separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilm Pickhardt
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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29
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Jędrzejewska H, Wielgus E, Kaźmierski S, Rogala H, Wierzbicki M, Wróblewska A, Pawlak T, Potrzebowski MJ, Szumna A. Porous Molecular Capsules as Non-Polymeric Transducers of Mechanical Forces to Mechanophores. Chemistry 2020; 26:1558-1566. [PMID: 31691377 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical grinding/milling can be regarded as historically the first technology for changing the properties of matter. Mechanically activated molecular units (mechanophores) can be present in various structures: polymers, macromolecules, or small molecules. However, only polymers have been reported to effectively transduce energy to mechanophores, which induces breakage of covalent bonds. In this paper, a second possibility is presented-molecular capsules as stress-sensitive units. Mechanochemical encapsulation of fullerenes in cystine-based covalent capsules indicates that complexation takes place in the solid state, despite the fact that the capsules do not possess large enough entrance portals. By using a set of solvent-free MALDI (sf-MALDI) and solid-state NMR (ss-NMR) experiments, it has been proven that encapsulation proceeds during milling and in this process hydrazones and disulfides get activated for breakage, exchange, and re-forming. The capsules are porous and therefore prone to collapse under solvent-free conditions and their conformational rigidity promotes the collapse by the breaking of covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wielgus
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kaźmierski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Halina Rogala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wierzbicki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek J Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Denlinger KL, Carr P, Waddell DC, Mack J. A Recyclable, Metal-Free Mechanochemical Approach for the Oxidation of Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids. Molecules 2020; 25:E364. [PMID: 31963148 PMCID: PMC7024246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of primary alcohols under mechanochemical conditions in a Spex8000M Mixer/Mill was investigated. To facilitate ease of separation and recyclability, a polystyrene-bound version of a TEMPO catalyst was employed. When paired with Oxone® in a stainless-steel vial with a stainless-steel ball, several primary alcohols were successfully oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids. The product was isolated using gravity filtration, which also allowed for the polystyrene-bound TEMPO catalyst to be recovered and reused in subsequent oxidation reactions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the size and steric hindrance of the primary alcohol does not hinder the rate of the reaction. Finally, the aldehyde was selectively obtained from a primary alcohol under ball milling conditions by using a combination of non-supported TEMPO with a copper vial and copper ball.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Mack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA; (K.L.D.); (P.C.); (D.C.W.)
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31
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Yu J, Ying P, Wang H, Xiang K, Su W. Mechanochemical Asymmetric Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction: Liquid‐Assisted Grinding Enables Reaction Acceleration and Enantioselectivity Control. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Keyu Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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32
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Jiang J, Li J. Mechanically Induced
N
‐arylation of Amines with Diaryliodonium Salts. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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33
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Yin J, Stark RT, Fallis IA, Browne DL. A Mechanochemical Zinc-Mediated Barbier-Type Allylation Reaction under Ball-Milling Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2347-2354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JieXiang Yin
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Roderick T. Stark
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Ian A. Fallis
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
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34
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Brekalo I, Yuan W, Mottillo C, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Casaban J, Holman KT, James SL, Duarte F, Williams PA, Harris KDM, Friščić T. Manometric real-time studies of the mechanochemical synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2141-2147. [PMID: 34123303 PMCID: PMC8150112 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple method for real-time monitoring of mechanochemical synthesis of metal–organic frameworks, by measuring changes in pressure of gas produced in the reaction. Using this manometric method to monitor the mechanosynthesis of the zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8 from basic zinc carbonate reveals an intriguing feedback mechanism in which the initially formed ZIF-8 reacts with the CO2 byproduct to produce a complex metal carbonate phase, the structure of which is determined directly from powder X-ray diffraction data. We also show that the formation of the carbonate phase may be prevented by addition of excess ligand. The excess ligand can subsequently be removed by sublimation, and reused. This enables not only the synthesis but also the purification, as well as the activation of the MOF to be performed entirely without solvent. We demonstrate a simple method for real-time monitoring of mechanochemical synthesis of metal–organic frameworks, by measuring changes in pressure of gas produced in the reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Brekalo
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University 20057 Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Wenbing Yuan
- School of Enviromental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University Foshan 528000 China
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University H3A 0B8 Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Yuneng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University H3A 0B8 Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Yuancheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University Belfast BT7 1NN Belfast UK
| | | | - K Travis Holman
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University 20057 Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Stuart L James
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University Belfast BT7 1NN Belfast UK
| | | | | | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University H3A 0B8 Montreal Quebec Canada
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35
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Kaabel S, Friščić T, Auclair K. Mechanoenzymatic Transformations in the Absence of Bulk Water: A More Natural Way of Using Enzymes. Chembiochem 2019; 21:742-758. [PMID: 31651073 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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36
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Bjelopetrović A, Robić M, Halasz I, Babić D, Juribašić Kulcsár M, Ćurić M. Facile Mechanochemical Anion Substitution in Cyclopalladated Azo-Benzenes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alen Bjelopetrović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Robić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Babić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Manda Ćurić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068 Université de Toulouse UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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38
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Friščić T, Mottillo C, Titi HM. Mechanochemistry for Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1018-1029. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068 Université de Toulouse UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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39
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Cao Q, Nicholson WI, Jones AC, Browne DL. Robust Buchwald-Hartwig amination enabled by ball-milling. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1722-1726. [PMID: 30226258 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01781f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An operationally simple mechanochemical method for the Pd catalysed Buchwald-Hartwig amination of arylhalides with secondary amines has been developed using a Pd PEPPSI catalyst system. The system is demonstrated on 30 substrates and applied in the context of a target synthesis. Furthermore, the performance of the reaction under aerobic conditions has been probed under traditional solution and mechanochemical conditions, the observations are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cao
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3EQ, UK.
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40
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Kubota K, Seo T, Koide K, Hasegawa Y, Ito H. Olefin-accelerated solid-state C-N cross-coupling reactions using mechanochemistry. Nat Commun 2019; 10:111. [PMID: 30631071 PMCID: PMC6328594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are one of the most powerful and versatile methods to synthesize a wide range of complex functionalized molecules. However, the development of solid-state cross-coupling reactions remains extremely limited. Here, we report a rational strategy that provides a general entry to palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions in the solid state. The key finding of this study is that olefin additives can act as efficient molecular dispersants for the palladium-based catalyst in solid-state media to facilitate the challenging solid-state cross-coupling. Beyond the immediate utility of this protocol, our strategy could inspire the development of industrially attractive solvent-free palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling processes for other valuable synthetic targets. Cross-coupling reactions have been achieved in solution, yet tend to be inefficient in a solid state. Here, the authors report a solid-state palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling using olefins as molecular dispersants, enabling reduction of solvent waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Tamae Seo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Koide
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan. .,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
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41
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Yu J, Zhang C, Yang X, Su W. Decarboxylative acylation of N-free indoles enabled by a catalytic amount of copper catalyst and liquid-assisted grinding. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4446-4451. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A mechanochemically Cu(ii)-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of N-free indoles with O2 as a terminal oxidant was developed for the mild synthesis of 3-acylindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- PR China
| | - Xinjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- PR China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- PR China
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42
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Fatila EM, Maahs AC, Hetherington EE, Cooper BJ, Cooper RE, Daanen NN, Jennings M, Skrabalak SE, Preuss KE. Stoichiometric control: 8- and 10-coordinate Ln(hfac) 3(bpy) and Ln(hfac) 3(bpy) 2 complexes of the early lanthanides La-Sm. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16232-16241. [PMID: 30393789 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03286f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The coordination sphere of early lanthanide(iii) ions is highly versatile, exhibiting the ability to form 8-, 9-, and 10-coordinate complexes with the same ligand set. The ability to isolate 10-coordinate complexes decreases across the period, and the late lanthanides typically cannot support a coordination number higher than eight. Using two common, commercially available ligands, hfac (1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato-) and bpy (2,2'-bipyridine), the 8- and 10-coordinate series Ln(hfac)3(bpy) and Ln(hfac)3(bpy)2 (Ln = La-Sm) are compiled in a single investigation, demonstrating that the desired coordination number can be targeted through stoichiometry. Solvent-free syntheses of Ln(hfac)3(bpy) and Ln(hfac)3(bpy)2 complexes from Ln(hfac)3(H2O)3 precursors are investigated using a mechanochemical approach. Structural and spectroscopic properties as well as melting point trends are reported for the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Fatila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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43
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Howard JL, Brand MC, Browne DL. Switching Chemoselectivity: Using Mechanochemistry to Alter Reaction Kinetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16104-16108. [PMID: 30335216 PMCID: PMC6282732 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A reaction manifold has been discovered in which the chemoselectivity can be altered by switching between neat milling and liquid assisted grinding (LAG) with polar additives. After investigation of the reaction mechanism, it has been established that this switching in reaction pathway is due to the neat mechanochemical conditions exhibiting different kinetics for a key step in the transformation. This proof of concept study demonstrates that mechanochemistry can be used to trap the kinetic product of a reaction. It is envisaged that, if this concept can be successfully applied to other transformations, novel synthetic processes could be discovered and known reaction pathways perturbed or diverted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Howard
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3EQ, UK
| | - Michael C Brand
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3EQ, UK
| | - Duncan L Browne
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3EQ, UK
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44
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Howard JL, Brand MC, Browne DL. Switching Chemoselectivity: Using Mechanochemistry to Alter Reaction Kinetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Howard
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3EQ UK
| | - Michael C. Brand
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3EQ UK
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3EQ UK
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45
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Hermann GN, Unruh MT, Jung S, Krings M, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Rhodium(III)‐ and Gold(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Alkynylations of Indoles under Solventless Conditions in Mixer Mills. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10723-10727. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Hermann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marvin T. Unruh
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Se‐Hyeong Jung
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Maik Krings
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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46
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Hermann GN, Unruh MT, Jung S, Krings M, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Rhodium(III)‐ and Gold(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Alkynylations of Indoles under Solventless Conditions in Mixer Mills. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Hermann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marvin T. Unruh
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Se‐Hyeong Jung
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Maik Krings
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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47
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Li L, Wang GW. Solvent-free rhodium(III)-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aminoanilides via C−H amidation of N-nitrosoanilines under ball-milling conditions. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Bjelopetrović A, Lukin S, Halasz I, Užarević K, Đilović I, Barišić D, Budimir A, Juribašić Kulcsár M, Ćurić M. Mechanism of Mechanochemical C−H Bond Activation in an Azobenzene Substrate by PdII
Catalysts. Chemistry 2018; 24:10672-10682. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alen Bjelopetrović
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivica Đilović
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dajana Barišić
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ana Budimir
- Division of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1; 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Manda Ćurić
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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49
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Weng Y, Lan T, Sun C, Yang T, Su W, Xie Y. Mechanochemical palladium-catalyzed C(sp 2)–H homocoupling of N-arylcarbamates: synthesis of 2,2′-biaryldiamines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenative C(sp2)–H homocoupling of N-arylcarbamates under high-speed ball-milling conditions has been achieved using weakly coordinating directing groups, providing access to a variety of 2,2′-biaryldicarbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P.R. China
| | - Tianwen Lan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P.R. China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P.R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P.R. China
| | - Weike Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P.R. China
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50
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Zhao S, Li Y, Liu C, Zhao Y. Recent advances in mechanochemical C–H functionalization reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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