1
|
Bhattacharyya HP, Sarma M. Efficiency Conceptualization Model: A Theoretical Method for Predicting the Turnover of Catalysts. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400004. [PMID: 38619023 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, the theoretical prediction of catalytic efficiency is of utmost urgency. With the advent of density functional theory (DFT), reliable computations can delineate a quantitative aspect of the study. To this state-of-the-art approach, valuable incorporation would be a tool that can acknowledge the efficiency of a catalyst. In the current work, we developed the efficiency conceptualization model (ECM) that utilizes the quantum mechanical tool to achieve efficiency in terms of turnover frequency (TOF). Twenty-six experimentally designed transition metal (TM) water oxidation catalysts were chosen under similar experimental conditions of temperature, pressure, and pH to execute the same. The computations conclude that the Fe-based [Fe(OTf)2(Me2Pytacn)] (MWOC-17) is a highly active catalyst and, therefore, can endure for more time in the catalytic cycle. Our results conclude that the Ir-based catalysts [Cp*Ir(κ2-N,O)X] with MWOC-23: X=Cl; and MWOC-24: X=NO3 report the highest computed turnover numbers (TONs),τ c o m p u t e d T O N 0 ${\tau _{computed\;TON}^0 }$ of 406 and 490 against the highest experimental TONs,τ e x p e r i m e n t a l T O N ${\tau _{experimental\;TON} }$ of 1200 and 2000 respectively, whereas the Co-based [Co(12-TMC)]2+ (MWOC-19) has the lowest TONs (τ c o m p u t e d T O N 0 ${\tau _{computed\;TON}^0 }$ =19, τexperimental TON=16) among the chosen catalysts and thereby successful in corroborating the previous experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ariafard A, Longhurst M, Swiegers GF, Stranger R. Mechanisms of Mn(V)-Oxo to Mn(IV)-Oxyl Conversion: From Closed-Cubane Photosystem II to Mn(V) Catalysts and the Role of the Entering Ligands. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400396. [PMID: 38659321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The low activation barrier for O-O coupling in the closed-cubane Oxygen-Evolving Centre (OEC) of Photosystem II (PSII) requires water coordination with the Mn4 'dangler' ion in the Mn(V)-oxo fragment. This coordination transforms the Mn(V)-oxo complex into a more reactive Mn4(IV)-oxyl species, enhancing O-O coupling. This study explains the mechanism behind the coordination and indicates that in the most stable form of the OEC, the Mn4 fragment adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry but needs to transition to a square pyramidal form to be activated for O-O coupling. This transition stabilizes the Mn4 dxy orbital, enabling electron transfer from the oxo ligand to the dxy orbital, converting the oxo ligand into an oxyl species. The role of the water is to coordinate with the square pyramidal structure, reducing the energy gap between the oxo and oxyl forms, thereby lowering the activation energy for O-O coupling. This mechanism applies not only to the OEC system but also to other Mn(V)-based catalysts. For other catalysts, ligands such as OH- stabilize the Mn(IV)-oxyl species better than water, improving catalyst activation for reactions like C-H bond activation. This study is the first to explain the Mn(V)-oxo to Mn(IV)-oxyl conversion, providing a new foundation for Mn-based catalyst design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ariafard
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew Longhurst
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gerhard F Swiegers
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Robert Stranger
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shafi Z, Gibson JK. Lanthanide Complexes Containing a Terminal Ln═O Oxo Bond: Revealing Higher Stability of Tetravalent Praseodymium versus Terbium. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7075-7087. [PMID: 35476904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the reactivity of gas-phase lanthanide-oxide nitrate complexes, [Ln(O)(NO3)3]- (denoted LnO2+), produced via elimination of NO2• from trivalent [LnIII(NO3)4]- (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy). These complexes feature a LnIII-O• oxyl, a LnIV═O oxo, or an intermediate LnIII/IV oxyl/oxo bond, depending on the accessibility of the tetravalent LnIV state. Hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity of the LnO2+ complexes to form unambiguously trivalent [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]- reveals the nature of the oxide bond. The result of slower reactivity of PrO2+ versus TbO2+ is considered to indicate higher stability of the tetravalent praseodymium-oxo, PrIV═O, versus TbIV═O. This is the first report of PrIV as more stable than TbIV, which is discussed with respect to ionization potentials, standard electrode potentials, atomic promotion energies, and oxo bond covalency via 4f- and/or 5d-orbital participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shafi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Delcey MG, Lindblad R, Timm M, Bülow C, Zamudio-Bayer V, von Issendorff B, Lau JT, Lundberg M. Soft x-ray signatures of ionic manganese-oxo systems, including a high-spin manganese(V) complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3598-3610. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-oxo species catalyze key reactions, including C–H bond activation or dioxygen formation in natural photosynthesis. To better understand relevant reaction intermediates, we characterize electronic states and geometric structures of [MnOn]+...
Collapse
|
5
|
Sen A, Kumar R, Rajaraman G. A theoretical perspective on the reactivity of high-valent Mn-Oxo/nitrene species towards oxidative transformations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Parkin G. Impact of the coordination of multiple Lewis acid functions on the electronic structure and v n configuration of a metal center. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:411-427. [PMID: 34931650 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent bond classification (CBC) method represents a molecule as MLlXxZz by evaluating the total number of L, X and Z functions interacting with M. The CBC method is a simplistic approach that is based on the notion that the bonding of a ligating atom (or group of atoms) can be expressed in terms of the number of electrons it contributes to a 2-electron bond. In many cases, the bonding in a molecule of interest can be described in terms of a 2-center 2-electron bonding model and the MLlXxZz classification can be derived straightforwardly by considering each ligand independently. However, the bonding within a molecule cannot always be described satisfactorily by using a 2-center 2-electron model and, in such situations, the MLlXxZz classification requires a more detailed consideration than one in which each ligand is treated in an independent manner. The purpose of this article is to provide examples of how the MLlXxZz classification is obtained in the presence of multicenter bonding interactions. Specific emphasis is given to the treatment of multiple π-acceptor ligands and the impact on the vn configuration, i.e. the number of formally nonbonding electrons on an element of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mechanistic Insight into the O–O Bond Activation by Manganese Corrole Complexes. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Zhao R, Chen XY, Wang ZX. Insight into the Selective Methylene Oxidation Catalyzed by Mn(CF 3-PDP)(SbF 6) 2/H 2O 2/CH 2ClCO 2H) System: A DFT Mechanistic Study. Org Lett 2021; 23:1535-1540. [PMID: 33587643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DFT study was employed to gain insight into methylene oxidation catalyzed by Mn(CF3-PDP)(NCMe)2 (SbF6)2/H2O2/HOAcCl(OACCl ═OC(O)CH2Cl). The active catalyst was characterized to be [Mn](O)OAcCl ([Mn]═Mn(CF3-PDP)2+) which is generated via a sequence from [Mn] to [Mn]OH to [Mn]OAcCl to [Mn]OOH. With the active catalyst, the methylene group is sequentially oxidized to an alcohol and then to a carbonyl group via rebound mechanism. The mechanism explains the observed site selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu J, Lai W. Mechanistic insights into dioxygen activation by a manganese corrole complex: a broken-symmetry DFT study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24852-24861. [PMID: 35481047 PMCID: PMC9036905 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mn–oxygen species have been implicated as key intermediates in various Mn-mediated oxidation reactions. However, artificial oxidants were often used for the synthesis of the Mn–oxygen intermediates. Remarkably, the Mn(v)–oxo and Mn(iv)–peroxo species have been observed in the activation of O2 by Mn(iii) corroles in the presence of base (OH−) and hydrogen donors. In this work, density functional theory methods were used to get insight into the mechanism of dioxygen activation and formation of Mn(v)–oxo. The results demonstrated that the dioxygen cannot bind to Mn without the axial OH− ligand. Upon the addition of the axial OH− ligand, the dioxygen can bind to Mn in an end-on fashion to give the Mn(iv)–superoxo species. The hydrogen atom transfer from the hydrogen donor (substrate) to the Mn(iv)–superoxo species is the rate-limiting step, having a high reaction barrier and a large endothermicity. Subsequently, the O–C bond formation is concerted with an electron transfer from the substrate radical to the Mn and a proton transfer from the hydroperoxo moiety to the nearby N atom of the corrole ring, generating an alkylperoxo Mn(iii) complex. The alkylperoxo O–O bond cleavage affords a Mn(v)–oxo complex and a hydroxylated substrate. This novel mechanism for the Mn(v)–oxo formation via an alkylperoxo Mn(iii) intermediate gives insight into the O–O bond activation by manganese complexes. DFT calculations revealed a novel mechanism for the formation of Mn(v)–oxo in the dioxygen activation by a Mn(iii) corrole complex involving a Mn(iii)–alkylperoxo intermediate.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing
- China
| | - Wenzhen Lai
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Beckers H, Stüker T, Lindič T, Schlöder T, Andrae D, Riedel S. Molecular oxofluorides OMFn of nickel, palladium and platinum: oxyl radicals with moderate ligand field inversion. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-valent late transition metal oxo compounds attracted attention because of their peculiar metal–oxygen bond. Their oxo ligands exhibit an electrophilic and distinct radical oxyl (O˙−) rather than the more common nucleophilic (O2−) character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Tony Stüker
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Tilen Lindič
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Theoretische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Tobias Schlöder
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- Institut für Nanotechnologie
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Dirk Andrae
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Theoretische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu N, Chen X, Jin L, Yang YF, She YB. A mechanistic study of the manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C–H isocyanation reaction. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The favourable radical rebound pathway is NCO-rebound from the Mn(TMP)(NCO)2 complex due to the stronger trans effect of the axial ligand NCO and the electron-donating aryl substituents on the porphyrin ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiahe Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Liyuan Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Majumder S, Borah BP, Bhuyan J. Rhenium in the core of porphyrin and rhenium bound to the periphery of porphyrin: synthesis and applications. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8419-8432. [PMID: 32515453 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00813c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An overview of most of the well known rhenium porphyrins (rhenium in the core of porphyrins) is presented here reviewing their synthesis, coordination chemistry, and applications. The important features of oxorhenium(v) porphyrins are discussed elaborately taking into account their application in epoxidation reaction. Moreover, the chemistry of some recently known porphyrin-Re conjugates (rhenium bound to the periphery of porphyrin) is reported considering their applications in the photochemical carbon dioxide reduction process and photodynamic therapy. The number of well characterized rhenium porphyrinoids are limited but they show interesting diverse properties, some of which are also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Castro L, So YM, Cho CW, Lortz R, Wong KH, Wang K, Arnold PL, Au-Yeung KC, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH, Maron L. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Versatile Reactivity of an Oxocerium(IV) Complex: Concerted Versus Reductive Addition. Chemistry 2019; 25:10834-10839. [PMID: 31287592 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical investigation on the cerium(IV) oxo complex [(LOEt )2 Ce(=O)(H2 O)]⋅MeC(O)NH2 (1; LOEt - =[Co(η5 -C5 H5 ){P(O)(OEt)2 }3 ]- ) demonstrates that the intermediate spin-state nature of the ground state of the cerium complex is responsible for the versatility of its reactivity towards small molecules such as CO, CO2 , SO2 , and NO. CASSCF calculations together with magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the ground state of the cerium complex is of multiconfigurational character and comprised of 74 % of CeIV and 26 % of CeIII . The latter is found to be responsible for its reductive addition behavior towards CO, SO2 , and NO. This is the first report to date on the influence of the multiconfigurational ground state on the reactivity of a metal-oxo complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Woo Cho
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Rolf Lortz
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Hong Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Polly L Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Ka-Chun Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 31077, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Biswas S, Mitra A, Banerjee S, Singh R, Das A, Paine TK, Bandyopadhyay P, Paul S, Biswas AN. A High Spin Mn(IV)-Oxo Complex Generated via Stepwise Proton and Electron Transfer from Mn(III)–Hydroxo Precursor: Characterization and C–H Bond Cleavage Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9713-9722. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachidulal Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | - Amritaa Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri 734013, India
| | - Sridhar Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapan Kanti Paine
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pinaki Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri 734013, India
| | - Satadal Paul
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Achintesh N. Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Metal-oxyl (Mn+-O•) complexes having an oxyl radical ligand, which are electronically equivalent to well-known metal-oxo (M(n+1)+═O) complexes, are surveyed as a new category of metal-based oxidants. Detection and characterization of Mn+-O• species have been made in some cases, although proposals and characterization of the species are mostly done on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reactivity of Mn+-O• complexes will provide a way to achieve potentially difficult oxidative conversion of substrates. This Viewpoint will provide state-of-the-art knowledge on the Mn+-O• species in terms of the formation, characterization, and DFT-based proposals to shed light on the characteristics of the intriguing oxidatively active species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8571 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Computational Assessment of MLCT versus MC Stabilities in First‐to‐Third‐Row d
6
Pseudo‐Octahedral Transition Metal Complexes. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2377-2390. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
17
|
Katari M, Carmichael D, Jacquemin D, Frison G. Structure of Electronically Reduced N-Donor Bidentate Ligands and Their Heteroleptic Four-Coordinate Zinc Complexes: A Survey of Density Functional Theory Results. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7169-7179. [PMID: 31117621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of Hartree-Fock exchange in describing the structural changes occurring upon reduction of bipyridine-based ligands and their complexes is investigated within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A set of four free ligands in their neutral and radical anionic forms, and two of their zinc complexes in their dicationic and monocationic radical forms, is used to compare a large panel of pure, conventional, and long-range corrected hybrid DFT functionals; coupled cluster single and double calculations are used alongside experimental results as benchmarks. Particular attention has been devoted to the magnitude of the change, upon reduction, of the Δ-parameter, which measures the difference between the Cpy-Cpy and the C-N bond lengths in bipyridine ligand and is known to experimentally correlate with the charge of the ligands. Our results indicate that the structural changes significantly depend on the amount of exact exchange included in the functional. A progressive evolution is observed for the free ligands, whereas two distinct sets of results are obtained for the complexes. Functionals with a small degree of HF exchange, e.g., B3LYP, do not adequately describe geometric changes for the considered species, and, quite surprisingly, the same holds for the CC2 method. The best agreement to experimental and CCSD values is obtained with functionals that include a significant but not excessive part of exact exchange, e.g., CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X, and ωB97X-D. The calculated localization of the added electron after reduction, which depends on the self-interaction error, is used to rationalize these outcomes. Static correlation is also shown to play a role in the accurate description of the electronic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Duncan Carmichael
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique , IP Paris , F-91128 Palaiseau , France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- University of Nantes , CNRS, CEISAM (UMR 6230), 2 chemin de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes , Cedex 03 , France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique , IP Paris , F-91128 Palaiseau , France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahn S, Hong M, Sundararajan M, Ess DH, Baik MH. Design and Optimization of Catalysts Based on Mechanistic Insights Derived from Quantum Chemical Reaction Modeling. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6509-6560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seihwan Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu Y, Luo G, Yang J, Luo Y. Cobalt-catalysed unactivated C(sp 3)–H amination: two-state reactivity and multi-reference electronic character. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable two-state reactivity scenario and an unusual multi-reference character have been computationally found in Co-catalysed C(sp3)–H amination. In addition, the investigation on the additive, aminating reagent, metal center, and auxiliary ligand provides implications for development of new catalytic C–H functionalization systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ashley DC, Jakubikova E. Ray-Dutt and Bailar Twists in Fe(II)-Tris(2,2′-bipyridine): Spin States, Sterics, and Fe–N Bond Strengths. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5585-5596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Ashley
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schilling M, Luber S. Computational Modeling of Cobalt-Based Water Oxidation: Current Status and Future Challenges. Front Chem 2018; 6:100. [PMID: 29721491 PMCID: PMC5915471 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A lot of effort is nowadays put into the development of novel water oxidation catalysts. In this context, mechanistic studies are crucial in order to elucidate the reaction mechanisms governing this complex process, new design paradigms and strategies how to improve the stability and efficiency of those catalysts. This review is focused on recent theoretical mechanistic studies in the field of homogeneous cobalt-based water oxidation catalysts. In the first part, computational methodologies and protocols are summarized and evaluated on the basis of their applicability toward real catalytic or smaller model systems, whereby special emphasis is laid on the choice of an appropriate model system. In the second part, an overview of mechanistic studies is presented, from which conceptual guidelines are drawn on how to approach novel studies of catalysts and how to further develop the field of computational modeling of water oxidation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Transition metal complexes bearing terminal oxido ligands are quite common, yet group 11 terminal oxo complexes remain elusive. Here we show that excited coinage metal atoms M (M = Au, Ag, Cu) react with OF2 to form hypofluorites FOMF and group 11 oxygen metal fluorides OMF2, OAuF and OAgF. These compounds have been characterized by IR matrix-isolation spectroscopy in conjunction with state-of-the-art quantum-chemical calculations. The oxygen fluorides are formed by photolysis of the initially prepared hypofluorites. The linear molecules OAgF and OAuF have a 3Σ − ground state with a biradical character. Two unpaired electrons are located mainly at the oxygen ligand in antibonding O−M π* orbitals. For the 2B2 ground state of the OMIIIF2 compounds only an O−M single bond arises and a significant spin-density contribution was found at the oxygen atom as well. While transition metal complexes bearing terminal oxido ligands are common, those of group 11 elements have yet to be experimentally observed. Here, Riedel and colleagues synthesise molecular oxygen fluorides of copper, silver and gold, and show that the oxo ligands possess radical character.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The isolation of terminal oxo complexes of the late transition metals promises new avenues in oxidation catalysis like the selective and catalytic hydroxylation of unreactive CH bonds, the activation of water, or the upgrading of olefins. While terminal oxo ligands are ubiquitous for early transition metals, well-characterized examples with group 10 metals remain hitherto elusive. In search for palladium terminal oxo complexes, the relative stability/reactivity of such compounds are evaluated computationally (CASSCF/NEVPT2; DFT). The calculations investigate only well-known ligand systems with established synthetic procedures and relevance for coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. They delineate and quantify, which electronic properties of ancillary ligands are crucial for taming otherwise highly reactive terminal oxo intermediates. Notably, carbene ligands with both strong σ-donor and strong π-acceptor properties are best suited for the stabilization of palladium(ii) terminal oxo complexes, whereas ligands with a weaker ligand field lead to highly reactive complexes. Strongly donating ligands are an excellent choice for high-valent palladium(iv) terminal oxo compounds. Low coordinate palladium(ii) as well as high-valent palladium(iv) complexes are best suited for the activation of strong bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Balamurugan M, Saravanan N, Ha H, Lee YH, Nam KT. Involvement of high-valent manganese-oxo intermediates in oxidation reactions: realisation in nature, nano and molecular systems. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 30101051 PMCID: PMC6061251 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese plays multiple role in many biological redox reactions in which it exists in different oxidation states from Mn(II) to Mn(IV). Among them the high-valent manganese-oxo intermediate plays important role in the activity of certain enzymes and lessons from the natural system provide inspiration for new developments of artificial systems for a sustainable energy supply and various organic conversions. This review describes recent advances and key lessons learned from the nature on high-valent Mn-oxo intermediates. Also we focus on the elemental science developed from the natural system, how the novel strategies are realised in nano particles and molecular sites at heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction conditions respectively. Finally, perspectives on the utilisation of the high-valent manganese-oxo species towards other organic reactions are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Balamurugan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744 South Korea
| | - Natarajan Saravanan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744 South Korea
| | - Heonjin Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744 South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744 South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schilling M, Hodel FH, Luber S. Discovery of Open Cubane Core Structures for Biomimetic LnCo 3 (OR) 4 Water Oxidation Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4561-4569. [PMID: 28941193 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bio-mimetic catalysts such as LnCo3 (OR)4 (Ln=Er, Tm; OR=alkoxide) cubanes have recently been in the focus of research for artificial water oxidation processes. Previously, the remarkable adaptability with respect to ligand shell, nuclear structure as well as protonation and oxidation states of those catalysts has been shown to be beneficial for the water oxidation process. We further explored the structural flexibility of those catalysts and present here a series of novel structures in which one metal center is pulled out of the cubane cage. This leads to an open cubane core, which is to some extent reminiscent of observed open/closed cubane-core forms of the oxygen-evolving complex in nature's photosystem II. We investigate how those open cubane core models alter the thermodynamics of the water oxidation cycle and how different solvation approaches influence their stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian H Hodel
- Department of Chemistry C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Beckett D, Edelmann M, Raff JD, Raghavachari K. Hidden complexities in the reaction of H 2O 2 and HNO revealed by ab initio quantum chemical investigations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29549-29560. [PMID: 29082395 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05883g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) and hydrogen peroxide have both been implicated in a variety of reactions relevant to environmental and physiological processes and may contribute to a unique, unexplored, pathway for the production of nitrous acid (HONO) in soil. To investigate the potential for this reaction, we report an in-depth investigation of the reaction pathway of H2O2 and HNO forming HONO and water. We find the breaking of the peroxide bond and a coupled proton transfer in the first step leads to hydrogen nitryl (HNO2) and an endogenous water, with an extrapolated NEVPT2 (multireference perturbation theory) barrier of 29.3 kcal mol-1. The first transition state is shown to possess diradical character linking the far peroxide oxygen to the bridging, reacting, peroxide oxygen. The energy of this first step, when calculated using hybrid density functional theory, is shown to depend heavily on the amount of Hartree-Fock exchange in the functional, with higher amounts leading to a higher barrier and more diradical character. Additionally, high amounts of spin contamination cause CCSD(T) to significantly overestimate the TS1 barrier with a value of 36.2 kcal mol-1 when using the stable UHF wavefunction as the reference wavefunction. However, when using the restricted Hartree-Fock reference wavefunction, the TS1 CCSD(T) energy is lowered to yield a barrier of 31.2 kcal mol-1, in much better agreement with the NEVPT2 result. The second step in the reaction is the isomerization of HNO2 to trans-HONO through a Grotthuss-like mechanism accepting a proton from and donating a proton to the endogenous water. This new mechanism for the isomerization of HNO2 is shown to have an NEVPT2 barrier of 23.3 kcal mol-1, much lower than previous unimolecular estimates not including an explicit water. Finally, inclusion of an additional explicit water is shown to lower the HNO2 isomerization barrier even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beckett
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: Computational Studies of Mn- and Fe-Catalyzed Epoxidations. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|