1
|
Chauhan A, Rajendra Kanchan D, Banerjee A, Srivastava R. Oxidative Cleavage of α-O-4, β-O-4, and 4-O-5 Linkages in Lignin Model Compounds Over P, N Co-Doped Carbon Catalyst: A Metal-Free Approach. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401049. [PMID: 38963775 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient metal-free catalysts for lignin valorization is essential but challenging. In this study, a cost-effective strategy is employed to synthesize a P, N co-doped carbon catalyst through hydrothermal and carbonization processes. This catalyst effectively cleaved α-O-4, β-O-4, and 4-O-5 lignin linkages, as demonstrated with model compounds. Various catalysts were prepared at different carbonization temperatures and thoroughly characterized using techniques such as XRD, RAMAN, FTIR, XPS, NH3-TPD, and HRTEM. Attributed to higher acidity, the P5NC-500 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity, employing H2O2 as the oxidant in water. Additionally, this metal-free technique efficiently converted simulated lignin bio-oil, containing all three linkages, into valuable monomers. Density Functional Theory calculations provided insight into the reaction mechanism, suggesting substrate and oxidant activation by P-O-H sites in the P5NC-500, and by N-C-O-H in the CN catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst's recyclability and water utilization enhance its environmental compatibility, offering a highly sustainable approach to lignin valorization with potential applications in various industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arzoo Chauhan
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Dipika Rajendra Kanchan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Rajendra Srivastava
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thiruvengetam P, Sunani P, Kumar Chand D. A Metallomicellar Catalyst for Controlled Oxidation of Alcohols and Lignin Mimics in Water using Open Air as Oxidant. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301754. [PMID: 38224525 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol groups and β-O-4 (C-C) linkages are widespread in biomass feedstock that are abundant renewable resource for value-added chemicals. The development of sustainable protocols for direct oxidation or oxidative cleavage of feedstock materials in a controlled fashion, using open air as an oxidant is an intellectually stimulating task to produce industrially important value-added carbonyls. Further, the oxidative depolymerization of lignin into fine chemicals has evoked interest in recent times. Herein, we report the first example of a catalyst system that could activate molecular oxygen from atmospheric air for controlled oxidation and oxidative cleavage/depolymerization of feedstock materials such as alcohols, β-O-4 (C-C) linkages and real lignin in water under open air conditions. The selectivity of carbonyl products is controlled by altering the pH between ~7.0 and ~12.0. The current strategy highlights the non-involvement of any external co-catalyst, oxidant, radical additives, and/or destructive organic solvents. The catalyst shows a wide substrate scope and eminent functional group tolerance. The upscaled multigram synthesis using an inexpensive catalyst and easily available oxidant evidences the practical utility of the developed protocol. A plausible mechanism has been proposed with the help of a few controlled experiments, and kinetic and computational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabaharan Thiruvengetam
- IoE Centre of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Pragyansmruti Sunani
- IoE Centre of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- IoE Centre of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Ma HP, Zhao G, Huang G, Sun W, Peng C. Plastic Waste Conversion by Leveraging Renewable Photo/Electro-Catalytic Technologies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301352. [PMID: 38226954 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Plastics have revolutionized our lives; however, the exponential growth of their usage has led to a global crisis. More sustainable strategies are needed to address this dilemma and transform the plastics economy from a linearity to a circular model. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent progress in renewable energy-driven plastic conversion strategies, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and their integration. By introducing the significant works, the design principles, mechanisms, and system regulations, we decipher and compare the various aspects of plastic conversion. These approaches show high reactivity and selectivity under environmentally benign conditions and provide alternative reaction pathways for plastic conversion. Plastic upcycling as a chemical feedstock can yield value-added chemicals and fuels, contributing to the establishment of a sustainable and circular economy. Additionally, several innovations in reaction engineering and system designs are presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of sustainable energy-driven plastic conversion technologies are comprehensively discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaan Xi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Guangfa Huang
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Chong Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu R, Mao C, Gao F, Guo Z, Li M, Xin Y, Gu Z, Zhang L. Catalytic Cleavage of the C-O Bonds in Lignin and Lignin Model Compounds by Metal Triflate Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301743. [PMID: 38206879 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The effective cleavage of C-O bonds in linkages of lignin was one of the significant strategies promoting lignin valorization. Herein, the strategy of C-O bonds cleavage of lignin using metal triflate as the catalyst was developed. The carboxylic acid or alcohol could be used as the nucleophile to stabilize the reactive intermediates formed during the depolymerization of lignin, and the corresponding ester/ether compounds could be obtained. This catalytic system was suitable for the C-O bond cleavage in α-O-4 and β-O-4 linkages with excellent efficiency. Additionally, reaction conditions were optimized. The reaction mixture was detected by 1 H NMR, and no other byproducts were found. As for treated lignin samples, the cleavage of C-O bonds in linkages was determined by 2D HSQC NMR, the increased content of the phenol hydroxyl group was proved by FT-IR, and the reduced molecular weight was investigated by GPC. Furthermore, multiple phenolic compounds were detected by GC-MS in the reaction mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Changtao Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Fang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhongpeng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Moying Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- JITRI Future Food Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- JITRI Future Food Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu J, Meng J, Hu Y, Liu Y, Lou Y, Bai W, Dou S, Yu H, Wang S. Electrocatalytic Lignin Valorization into Aromatic Products via Oxidative Cleavage of C α-C β Bonds. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0288. [PMID: 38111679 PMCID: PMC10726294 DOI: 10.34133/research.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most promising candidate for producing aromatic compounds from biomass. However, the challenge lies in the cleavage of C-C bonds between lignin monomers under mild conditions, as these bonds have high dissociation energy. Electrochemical oxidation, which allows for mild cleavage of C-C bonds, is considered an attractive solution. To achieve low-energy consumption in the valorization of lignin, the use of highly efficient electrocatalysts is essential. In this study, a meticulously designed catalyst consisting of cobalt-doped nickel (oxy)hydroxide on molybdenum disulfide heterojunction was developed. The presence of molybdenum in a high valence state promoted the adsorption of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, leading to the formation of critical radical intermediates. In addition, the incorporation of cobalt doping regulated the electronic structure of nickel, resulting in a lower energy barrier. As a result, the heterojunction catalyst demonstrated a selectivity of 85.36% for cleaving the Cα-Cβ bond in lignin model compound, achieving a substrate conversion of 93.69% under ambient conditions. In addition, the electrocatalyst depolymerized 49.82 wt% of soluble fractions from organosolv lignin (OL), resulting in a yield of up to 13 wt% of aromatic monomers. Significantly, the effectiveness of the prepared electrocatalyst was also demonstrated using industrial Kraft lignin (KL). Therefore, this research offers a practical approach for implementing electrocatalytic oxidation in lignin refining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Juan Meng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,
Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongzhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuhan Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuo Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng W, Bao H, Wang Y, Cote E, Sagues WJ, Hagelin-Weaver H, Gao J, Xiao D, Tong Z. Selective Depolymerization of Lignin Towards Isolated Phenolic Acids Under Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300750. [PMID: 37419862 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The selective transformation of lignin to value-added biochemicals (e. g., phenolic acids) in high yields is incredibly challenging due to its structural complexity and many possible reaction pathways. Phenolic acids (PA) are key building blocks for various aromatic polymers, but the isolation of PAs from lignin is below 5 wt.% and requires harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we demonstrate an effective route to selectively convert lignin extracted from sweet sorghum and poplar into isolated PA in a high yield (up to 20 wt.% of lignin) using a low-cost graphene oxide-urea hydrogen peroxide (GO-UHP) catalyst under mild conditions (<120 °C). The lignin conversion yield is up to 95 %, and the remaining low molecular weight organic oils are ready for aviation fuel production to complete lignin utilization. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that pre-acetylation allows the selective depolymerization of lignin to aromatic aldehydes with a decent yield by GO through the Cα activation of β-O-4 cleavage. A urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) oxidative process is followed to transform aldehydes in the depolymerized product to PAs by avoiding the undesired Dakin side reaction due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the acetyl group. This study opens a new way to selectively cleave lignin side chains to isolated biochemicals under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Peng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Hanxi Bao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yigui Wang
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cote
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - William J Sagues
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Halena Hagelin-Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ji Gao
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou P, Yuan Z, He J, Fang T, Liu B, Zhang Z. Aerobic oxidative C-C bond cleavage and functionalization for the synthesis of value-added chemicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11923-11931. [PMID: 37712348 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic oxidative cleavage of C-C bonds is an attractive and sustainable route for constructing valuable molecules such as esters, nitriles, and amides. Traditionally homogeneous catalytic systems for C-C bond cleavage required harsh conditions, stoichiometric oxidants, and noble metal catalysts to overcome the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers of C-C bonds, imposing environmental concerns of the transformation. Therefore, developing efficient, low-cost, and environmentally benign methods for C-C bond cleavage is of great importance and a cutting-edge area in modern chemistry. This feature article summarizes the sustainable aerobic oxidative C-C bond cleavage method developed by our group in the past 5 years. Fundamental principles in catalyst design, substrate scope, and mechanism for C-C bond cleavage are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ziliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Tingfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du X, Liu Y, Li H, Liu S, Shen X. Selective synthesis of meta-phenols from bio-benzoic acids via regulating the adsorption state. iScience 2023; 26:107460. [PMID: 37593461 PMCID: PMC10428116 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenols are important building blocks widely applied in many fields. The pronounced orientational effect of the phenolic hydroxyl group makes achieving selective synthesis of meta-phenols challenging. Accessing meta-phenols needs lengthy synthetic sequences. Herein, we first developed a heterogeneous CO2-mediated CeO2-5CuO catalyst for decarboxylative oxidation of benzoic acids with a more than 80% selectivity to meta-phenols. This technology is based on a traceless directing group relay method. The CeO2-CuO catalysts with different Ce/Cu ratios exhibited controllable reaction selectivity between decarboxylation and decarboxylative oxidation. Spectroscopy experiments and computational studies showed the adsorption state of benzoic acid was found to be crucial for subsequent reaction pathways. The moderate adsorption on CO2-mediated CeO2-5CuO catalyst contributes to the distinct selectivity of phenol. Furthermore, the paddlewheel intermediate facilitates the synthesis of meta-phenols from benzoic acids. This traceless directing group method would promote the development of useful one-pot meta-substituted phenols from bio-based benzoic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Zhang D, Li X, Xu W, Shi J. Fabrication and application of amphiphilic polyoxometalate catalyst (CTA) nH 5-nPMo 10V 2O 40 for transformation of lignin into aromatic chemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124970. [PMID: 37210062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of renewable lignin into bio-aromatic chemicals offers a sustainable pathway to increase biorefinery profitability. However, the catalytic transformation of lignin into monomers remains a highly challenging task due to the complexity and stability of the lignin structure. In this study, a series of micellar molybdovanadophosphoric polyoxometalate (POM) catalysts, (CTA)nH5-nPMo10V2O40 (n = 1-5), were prepared by the ion exchange method and applied as oxidative catalysts for birch lignin depolymerization. These catalysts showed efficient cleavage of C-O/C-C bonds in lignin, and the introduction of an amphiphilic structure facilitated the generation of monomer products. The best catalytic activity was observed at 150 °C within 150 min under a 1.5 MPa oxygen atmosphere over (CTA)1H4PMo10V2O40, which yielded a maximum lignin oil yield of 48.7 % and lignin monomer yield of 13.5 %. We also employed phenolic and nonphenolic lignin dimer model compounds to explore the reaction pathway and demonstrated the selective cleavage of CC and/or CO lignin bonds. Moreover, these micellar catalysts have excellent recyclability and stability as heterogeneous catalysts, which can be used up to five times. The application of amphiphilic polyoxometalate catalysts facilitates the valorization of lignin, and we expect to develop a novel and practical strategy for harvesting aromatic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin City, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Materials Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin City, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Forest Biomass Green Manufacturing of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin City, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Wenbiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin City, Jilin Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Materials Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin City, Jilin Province, PR China.
| | - Junyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin City, Jilin Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Materials Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin City, Jilin Province, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Forest Biomass Green Manufacturing of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Binjiang East Road, Jilin City, Jilin Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Li Z, Dong J, Fang R, Chi Y, Hu C. Hexaniobate as a Recyclable Solid Base Catalyst to Activate C–H Bonds in Lignin Linkage Boosting the Production of Aromatic Monomers. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Renbo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Changwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Lei P, Yu D, Li Y, Zhong M, Shen W, Guo S. Oxidative Cleavage of β-O-4 Linkage in Lignin via Co Nanoparticles Embedded in 3DNG as Catalyst. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203144. [PMID: 36408758 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cleavage of β-O-4 linkage in lignin is one of the key steps for oxidative conversion of lignin to low-molecular-weight aromatics. Herein, Co nanoparticles embedded in three-dimensional network of nitrogen-doped graphene (Co/NG@3DNG-X) were prepared through an immersion-pyrolysis procedure, in which X denotes the pyrolysis temperature. The detailed characterization of Co/NG@3DNG-X shows that the Co nanoparticles are coated with a few layers of nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) sheets that are further embedded in 3DNG matrix. The catalytic activities of the Co/NG@3DNG-X for the oxidative cleavage of β-O-4 linkage in lignin model compounds with O2 as oxidant are explored. It is demonstrated that catalytic activities of as-prepared Co/NG@3DNG-X can be tuned by varying the pyrolysis condition, and the Co/NG@3DNG-900 shows the highest catalytic activity, which is attributed to the enriched Co-Nx species, the strong surface basicity, the high specific surface and the mesoporous motif of 3DNG network. More pronouncedly, the Co/NG@3DNG-900 can also effectively catalyze the oxidative cleavage of organosolv lignin, generating certain monomeric aromatics. Additionally, the intrinsic magnetic property of Co nanoparticles makes the Co/NG@3DNG-X be easily recovered from the reaction mixture, and the as-coated thin NG layer can protect Co nanoparticle from oxidation condition, which putting together afford the Co/NG@3DNG-X with good reusability and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Puyi Lei
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Daobo Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhuo Shen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Shouwu Guo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Employing Cu(II) complexes of N,O-donor ligand for catalysis in visible light driven cleavage of lignin C-C bonds. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
13
|
Chen S, Davaritouchaee M. Nature-inspired pretreatment of lignocellulose - Perspective and development. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128456. [PMID: 36503090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As sustainability gains increasing importance in addition to cost-effectiveness as a criterion for evaluating engineering systems and practices, biological processes for lignocellulose pretreatment have attracted growing attention. Biological systems such as white and brown rot fungi and wood-consuming insects offer fascinating examples of processes and systems built by nature to effectively deconstruct plant cell walls under environmentally benign and energy-conservative environments. Research in the last decade has resulted in new knowledge that advanced the understanding of these systems, provided additional insights into these systems' functional mechanisms, and demonstrated various applications of these processes. The new knowledge and insights enable the adoption of a nature-inspired strategy aiming at developing technologies that are informed by the biological systems but superior to them by overcoming the inherent weakness of the natural systems. This review discusses the nature-inspired perspective and summarizes related advancements, including the evolution from biological systems to nature-inspired processes, the features of biological pretreatment mechanisms, the development of nature-inspired pretreatment processes, and future perspective. This work aims to highlight a different strategy in the research and development of novel lignocellulose pretreatment processes and offer some food for thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Maryam Davaritouchaee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu YB, Ma CY, Zhang Y, Zeng YY, Chang WW, Xu D, Wu J. An approach for the synthesis of carboxylic acid via phenacyl bromides and diethylamine by oxidative C–C bond cleavage. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
|
15
|
Liu C, Lin F, Kong X, Fan Y, Xu W, Lei M, Xiao R. Lignin-first biorefinery of corn stalk via zirconium(IV) chloride/sodium hydroxide-catalyzed aerobic oxidation to produce phenolic carbonyls. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127183. [PMID: 35439565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-first biorefinery of corn stalk via ZrCl4/NaOH-catalyzed aerobic oxidation for phenolic carbonyls production was reported. Under the co-catalysis of ZrCl4 and NaOH, lignin in corn stalk was oxidized into phenolic aldehydes (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde), ketones (p-hydroxyacetophenone, acetovanillone, and acetosyringone), acids (p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid), and other derivatives. Reaction conditions, including time, temperature, ZrCl4 dosage, NaOH dosage, MeCN/H2O ratio, and initial O2 pressure were comprehensively screened, and the optimal lignin-derived monomer yields of 13.2 wt% was obtained. Among these aromatic compounds, phenolic aldehydes were the main products, and the overall selectivity of phenolic carbonyls was as high as 93%. Cellulose-rich residues after lignin-first oxidation were further characterized by thermogravimetry and analytical pyrolysis with corn stalk as the control, proving the good fragmentation and dissolution of lignin streams. In general, ZrCl4/NaOH-catalyzed lignin-first oxidation provided a novel approach for lignin valorization, and achieved the highest reported phenolic carbonyls selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Fei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Xiangchen Kong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yuyang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Weicong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sang Y, Chen H, Khalifeh M, Li Y. Catalysis and chemistry of lignin depolymerization in alcohol solvents - A review. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
17
|
Wu Y, Huang Z, Lv K, Rao Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Long J. Producing Methyl p-Coumarate from Herbaceous Lignin via a "Clip-Off" Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5624-5633. [PMID: 35473308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant renewable aromatic resource on Earth, lignin is a preferred starting material for producing bulk chemicals via a sustainable route. In this study, we provide a novel and efficient "clip-off" approach for producing methyl p-coumarate, an important and versatile fine chemical by selective cleavage of the ester linkage in herbaceous lignin in the presence of commercial metal chlorides. When bagasse lignin was depolymerized at 155 °C for 4 h, a 12.7% yield of aromatic chemicals was obtained in the presence of CuCl2, 71.7% of which was identified as methyl p-coumarate (the yield was 9.1%). Further investigation of the structural evolution of lignin revealed that the ester linkages in lignin were efficiently broken via intensive transesterification with methanol accompanied by the simultaneous weakening of the inter-/intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Moreover, this observation of selective cleavage of ester linkages could be further confirmed by the conversion of model compounds with characteristic bonds under identical reaction conditions. Therefore, this work provides a new insight into the production of value-added chemicals from renewable resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhechao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kaiqi Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yinan Rao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhengjian Chen
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519003, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519003, China
| | - Jinxing Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu L, Shen D, Hong Luo K. Triple-emission nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots from lignin: Highly fluorescent sensing platform for detection of hexavalent chromium ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:557-567. [PMID: 35303639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering that hexavalent chromium ions (Cr6+) with high toxicity poses a huge threat to human health and the ecological environment, constructing a rapid and accurate sensing platform is of great significance in detecting the toxic substance. The novel nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots (N, B-CQDs) from lignin are synthesized as fluorescent sensors for the detection of Cr6+. The synthetic processes involve the acid hydrolysis step followed by the hydrothermal treatment step. Lignin is firstly depolymerized by cleaving ether bonds in the acidolysis, and N, B-CQDs are consequently formed by the aromatic re-fusion of lignin nanoparticles in the hydrothermal process. The lignin-derived N, B-CQDs show triple emission of purple, blue and green fluorescence under the excitation of 300, 330, and 490 nm, respectively. The triple-emission N, B-CQDs are applied for the triple-channel detection of Cr6+, which exhibit highly sensitive and selective fluorescence quenching for Cr6+ with good linearity (R2 ≤ 0.996) and very low limit of detection as 0.054, 0.049, and 0.077 μM under the excitation of 300, 330 and 490 nm, respectively. The utilization of renewable lignin as CQDs-based fluorescent sensors opens a new avenue for the rapid and accurate detection of Cr6+ through a multichannel sensing platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
| | - Kai Hong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E7JE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li S, Shuler EW, Willinger D, Nguyen HT, Kim S, Kang HC, Lee JJ, Zheng W, Yoo CG, Sherman BD, Leem G. Enhanced Photocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation at the Interface of RuC-Coated TiO 2 Nanorod Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22799-22809. [PMID: 35195406 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven organic oxidations carried out under mild conditions offer a sustainable approach to performing chemical transformations important to the chemical industry. This work reports an efficient photocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation process using one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanorod (NR)-based photoanodes with surface-adsorbed ruthenium polypyridyl photocatalysts at room temperature. The photocatalyst bis(2,2'-bipyridine)(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)Ru(II) (RuC) was covalently anchored onto TiO2 nanorod arrays grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode surfaces (FTO|t-TiO2|RuC, t = the thickness of TiO2 NR). Under aerobic conditions, the photophysical and photocatalytic properties of FTO|t-TiO2|RuC (t = 1, 2, or 3.5 μm) photoanodes were investigated in a solution containing a hydrogen atom transfer mediator (4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, ACT) as cocatalyst. Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) using the FTO|t-TiO2|RuC (t = 1, 2, or 3.5 μm) photoanodes and ACT-containing electrolyte were investigated for carrying out photocatalytic oxidation of a lignin model compound containing a benzylic alcohol functional group. The best-performing anode surface, FTO|1-TiO2|RuC (shortest NR length), oxidized the 2° alcohol of the lignin model compound to the Cα-ketone form with a > 99% yield over a 4 h photocatalytic experiment with a Faradaic efficiency of 88%. The length of TiO2 NR arrays (TiO2 NRAs) on the FTO substrate influenced the photocatalytic performance with longer NRAs underperforming compared to the shorter arrays. The influence of the NR length is hypothesized to affect the homogeneity of the RuC coating and accessibility of the ACT mediator to the RuC-coated TiO2 surface. The efficient photocatalytic alcohol oxidation with visible light at room temperature as demonstrated in this study is important to the development of sustainable approaches for lignin depolymerization and biomass conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Eric Wolfgang Shuler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Debora Willinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Hai Tien Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Saerona Kim
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Hyeong Cheol Kang
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Z, Hao M, Li X, Zhang B, Jiao M, Chen BZ. Promising and efficient lignin degradation versatile strategy based on DFT calculations. iScience 2022; 25:103755. [PMID: 35141502 PMCID: PMC8810403 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of higher-value products from lignin degradations under mild conditions is a challenge. Previous research reported efficient two-step oxidation and reduction strategies for lignin degradation, which has great significance to lignin degradation. In this paper, the mechanism about the C-O bond cleavage of lignin with and without Cα oxidations has been studied systematically. Our calculation results show that the degradation of anionized lignin with Cα oxidations is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. In addition, the calculations predict that the anionized lignin compounds without Cα oxidation also could be degraded under mild conditions. Moreover, we propose special lignin catalytic degradation systems containing the characteristic structure of "double hydrogen bonds." The double hydrogen bonds structure could further decrease the energy barriers of the C-O bond cleavage reaction. This provides a versatile strategy to design novel lignin degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingtian Hao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Jiao
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Bo-Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo T, Liu T, He J, Zhang Y. One‐Pot Transformation of Lignin and Lignin Model Compounds into Benzimidazoles. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Jianghua He
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kumar A, Biswas B, Kaur R, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T. Hydrothermal oxidative valorisation of lignin into functional chemicals: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126016. [PMID: 34582987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a waste by-product of bio-refineries and paper-pulp industries. It has an attractive potential to produce numerous valuable chemicals due to its highly aromatic character. At present, large amount of lignin is burnt as a source of energy due to lack of suitable efficient lignin valorisation processes. The challenge exists in handling its complex heterogeneous structure and bond breaking at selective locations. The production of high value chemicals/petrochemical feedstocks will improve the economic viability of a bio-refinery. Oxidative depolymerization is a promising way to produce functional compounds from lignin. The aim of the current review is to present the novel methodologies currently used in the area of lignin oxidative depolymerization including effect of temperature, residence time, solvent, oxidizing agents, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis etc. It aims to present an insight into the structure of lignin and its breakdown mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bijoy Biswas
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cleavage via Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Lignin or Lignin Model Compounds into Functional Chemicals. CHEMENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering5040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer with different types of methoxylated phenylpropanoid connections, enables the sustainable supply of value-added chemicals and biofuels through its use as a feedstock. Despite the development of numerous methodologies that upgrade lignin to high-value chemicals such as drugs and organic synthesis intermediates, the variety of valuable products obtained from lignin is still very limited, mainly delivering hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Using selective oxidation and activation cleavage of lignin, we can obtain value-added aromatics, including phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid. However, biorefineries will demand a broad spectrum of fine chemicals in the future, not just simple chemicals like aldehydes and ketones containing simple C = O groups. In particular, most n-containing aromatics, which have found important applications in materials science, agro-chemistry, and medicinal chemistry, such as amide, aniline, and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, are obtained through n-containing reagents mediating the oxidation cleavage in lignin. This tutorial review provides updates on recent advances in different classes of chemicals from the catalytic oxidation system in lignin depolymerization, which also introduces those functionalized products through a conventional synthesis method. A comparison with traditional synthetic strategies reveals the feasibility of the lignin model and real lignin utilization. Promising applications of functionalized compounds in synthetic transformation, drugs, dyes, and textiles are also discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zuleta EC, Bozell JJ. Alkylation of monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric lignin models through carbon-hydrogen activation using Ru-catalyzed Murai reaction. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Liang J, Wang M, Zhao Y, Yan W, Si X, Yu G, Cao J, Wei X. Nano WO
3
‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Process for Mild Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin and its Model Compounds. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Meng‐Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yun‐Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xing‐Gang Si
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Guo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Pei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization Ministry of Education China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cui T, Ma L, Wang S, Ye C, Liang X, Zhang Z, Meng G, Zheng L, Hu HS, Zhang J, Duan H, Wang D, Li Y. Atomically Dispersed Pt-N 3C 1 Sites Enabling Efficient and Selective Electrocatalytic C-C Bond Cleavage in Lignin Models under Ambient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9429-9439. [PMID: 34138542 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of C-C linkages is the key and a challenge for lignin degradation to harvest value-added aromatic compounds. To this end, electrocatalytic oxidation presents a promising technique by virtue of mild reaction conditions and strong sustainability. However, the existing electrocatalysts (traditional bulk metal and metal oxides) for C-C bond oxidative cleavage suffer from poor selectivity and low product yields. We show for the first time that atomically dispersed Pt-N3C1 sites planted on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Pt1/N-CNTs), constructed via a stepwise polymerization-carbonization-electrostatic adsorption strategy, are highly active and selective toward Cα-Cβ bond cleavage in β-O-4 model compounds under ambient conditions. Pt1/N-CNTs exhibits 99% substrate conversion with 81% yield of benzaldehyde, which is exceptional and unprecedented compared with previously reported electrocatalysts. Moreover, Pt1/N-CNTs using only 0.41 wt % Pt achieved a much higher benzaldehyde yield than those of the state-of-the-art bulk Pt electrode (100 wt % Pt) and commercial Pt/C catalyst (20 wt % Pt). Systematic experimental investigation together with density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the superior performance of Pt1/N-CNTs arises from the atomically dispersed Pt-N3C1 sites facilitating the formation of a key Cβ radical intermediate, further inducing a radical/radical cross-coupling path to break the Cα-Cβ bond. This work opens up opportunities in lignin valorization via a green and sustainable electrochemical route with ultralow noble metal usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenliang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zedong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy & State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haohong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wesinger S, Mendt M, Albert J. Alcohol‐Activated Vanadium‐Containing Polyoxometalate Complexes in Homogeneous Glucose Oxidation Identified with
51
V‐NMR and EPR Spectroscopy. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wesinger
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Matthias Mendt
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik Universität Leipzig Linnéstraße 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jakob Albert
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Universität Hamburg Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang See J, Song S, Xiao Y, Trang Pham T, Zhao Y, Lapkin A, Yan N. Transformation of Corn Lignin into Sun Cream Ingredients. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1586-1594. [PMID: 33528880 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Production of value-added chemicals from lignocellulose is one of the key strands of the emerging bio-economy. A synthetic approach has been developed to produce p-methoxy coumarate esters from waste corn stover and corn bran, and further transform these compounds into consumer products. In the first step, p-coumaric acid (pCA) and ferulic acid (FA) are released through mild alkaline hydrolysis of corn waste, in more than 20 mg g-1 yield (10 wt % based on lignin content). Subsequently, heterogeneous solid acids catalyze the esterification of pCA with various alcohols. Amberlite IR-15 shows the best catalytic performance, owing to its optimal acid density, large surface area, and suitable pore diameter. The solid acid catalyst can be recycled with slight activity loss and regenerated by acid washing and vacuum drying. Finally, methylation of p-coumarate ester to give target product p-methoxy coumarate esters is carried out by using commercially available and low-cost inorganic bases (e. g., K2 CO3 ). Base-catalyzed transesterification of methyl p-methoxy coumarate to p-methoxy coumarate esters is also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang See
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, CARES Ltd., 1 CREATE Way, CREATE Tower #05-05, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Song Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yiying Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Thuy Trang Pham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Alexei Lapkin
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, CARES Ltd., 1 CREATE Way, CREATE Tower #05-05, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo P, Liao S, Wang S, Shi J, Tong X. Highly efficient and selectivity-controllable aerobic oxidative cleavage of C-C bond over heterogeneous Fe-based catalysts. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
30
|
Chen C, Wu D, Liu P, Xia H, Zhou M, Hou X, Jiang J. Efficient Ni-based catalysts for the hydrotreatment of lignin dimer model compounds to cycloalkanes/cycloalkanols. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00379d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The noble-metal catalytic cleavage of ether bonds in lignin to obtain aromatic chemicals has achieved great success, and the development of a low-cost efficient catalyst is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changzhou Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Dichao Wu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Haihong Xia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Minghao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Xinglong Hou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim SA, Kim SE, Kim YK, Jang HY. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cleavage of the C-C Bonds of β-Alkoxy Alcohols and β-1 Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31684-31691. [PMID: 33344820 PMCID: PMC7745431 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation conditions were employed to promote the C-C bond cleavage of β-alkoxy alcohols and β-1 compounds (lignin model compounds). Besides these compounds, various 1,2 and 1,3-diols were successfully converted to aldehydes. We propose the Cu(I)-catalyzed mechanism explaining the C-C cleavage of these 1,2 and 1,3-dihydroxy compounds and β-alkoxy alcohols based on XPS data. Although our reaction conditions do not include large excess of bases and elaborated ligand-modified catalysts, copper salts with/without Me-TBD show good catalytic activities for C-C bond cleavage of various lignin model compounds.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li L, Dong L, Li D, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang Y. Hydrogen-Free Production of 4-Alkylphenols from Lignin via Self-Reforming-Driven Depolymerization and Hydrogenolysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Didi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dou X, Li W, Zhu C, Jiang X, Chang HM, Jameel H. Cleavage of aryl-ether bonds in lignin model compounds using a Co-Zn-beta catalyst. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43599-43606. [PMID: 35519679 PMCID: PMC9058404 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient cleavage of aryl-ether linkages is a key strategy for generating aromatic chemicals and fuels from lignin. Currently, a popular method to depolymerize native/technical lignin employs a combination of Lewis acid and hydrogenation metal. However, a clear mechanistic understanding of the process is lacking. Thus, a more thorough understanding of the mechanism of lignin depolymerization in this system is essential. Herein, we propose a detailed mechanistic study conducted with lignin model compounds (LMC) via a synergistic Co-Zn/Off-Al H-beta catalyst that mirrors the hydrogenolysis process of lignin. The results suggest that the main reaction paths for the phenolic dimers exhibiting α-O-4 and β-O-4 ether linkages are the cleavage of aryl-ether linkages. Particularly, the conversion was readily completed using a Co-Zn/Off-Al H-beta catalyst, but 40% of α-O-4 was converted and β-O-4 did not react in the absence of a catalyst under the same conditions. In addition, it was found that the presence of hydroxyl groups on the side chain, commonly found in native lignin, greatly promotes the cleavage of aryl-ether linkages activated by Zn Lewis acid, which was attributed to the adsorption between Zn and the hydroxyl group. Followed by the cobalt catalyzed hydrogenation reaction, the phenolic dimers are degraded into monomers that maintain aromaticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Dou
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PR China +86-551-63600786
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PR China +86-551-63600786
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physics Science at Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8005 USA
| | - Hou-Min Chang
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8005 USA
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8005 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen C, Liu P, Xia H, Zhou M, Jiang J. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of 4‐O‐5 models in lignin‐derived compounds to cycloalkanes over Ni‐based catalysts. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changzhou Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA Nanjing China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA Nanjing China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Haihong Xia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA Nanjing China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA Nanjing China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA Nanjing China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jing Y, Dong L, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang Y. Chemicals from Lignin: A Review of Catalytic Conversion Involving Hydrogen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4181-4198. [PMID: 31886600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant biopolymer with aromatic building blocks and its valorization to sustainable chemicals and fuels has extremely great potential to reduce the excessive dependence on fossil resources, although such conversions remain challenging. The purpose of this Review is to present an insight into the catalytic conversion of lignin involving hydrogen, including reductive depolymerization and the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived monomers to arenes, cycloalkanes and phenols, with a main focus on the catalyst systems and reaction mechanisms. The roles of hydrogenation sites (Ru, Pt, Pd, Rh) and acid sites (Nb, Ti, Mo), as well as their interaction in selective hydrodeoxygenation reactions are emphasized. Furthermore, some inspirational strategies for the production of other value-added chemicals are mentioned. Finally, some personal perspectives are provided to highlight the opportunities within this attractive field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Jing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Research, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Research, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Research, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Research, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Research, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lahive CW, Kamer PCJ, Lancefield CS, Deuss PJ. An Introduction to Model Compounds of Lignin Linking Motifs; Synthesis and Selection Considerations for Reactivity Studies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4238-4265. [PMID: 32510817 PMCID: PMC7540175 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of fundamentally new valorization strategies for lignin plays a vital role in unlocking the true potential of lignocellulosic biomass as sustainable and economically compatible renewable carbon feedstock. In particular, new catalytic modification and depolymerization strategies are required. Progress in this field, past and future, relies for a large part on the application of synthetic model compounds that reduce the complexity of working with the lignin biopolymer. This aids the development of catalytic methodologies and in-depth mechanistic studies and guides structural characterization studies in the lignin field. However, due to the volume of literature and the piecemeal publication of methodology, the choice of suitable lignin model compounds is far from straight forward, especially for those outside the field and lacking a background in organic synthesis. For example, in catalytic depolymerization studies, a balance between synthetic effort and fidelity compared to the actual lignin of interest needs to be found. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of the model compounds available to study the chemistry of the main native linking motifs typically found in lignins from woody biomass, the synthetic routes and effort required to access them, and discuss to what extent these represent actual lignin structures. This overview can aid researchers in their selection of the most suitable lignin model systems for the development of emerging lignin modification and depolymerization technologies, maximizing their chances of successfully developing novel lignin valorization strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran W. Lahive
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG)University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenNetherlands
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St. Andrews and EaStCHEMNorth HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St. Andrews and EaStCHEMNorth HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUnited Kingdom
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Christopher S. Lancefield
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Science Research ComplexUniversity of St. Andrews and EaStCHEMNorth HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Deuss
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG)University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenNetherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shen X, Xin Y, Liu H, Han B. Product-oriented Direct Cleavage of Chemical Linkages in Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4367-4381. [PMID: 32449257 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most important biomacromolecules in the plant biomass and the largest renewable source of aromatic building blocks in nature. Selectively producing value-added chemicals from the catalytic transformation of renewable lignin is of strategic significance and meet sustainability targets owing to the excessive consumption of non-renewable petroleum resource, but remains a long-term challenge owing to the complexity of lignin structure. This Minireview provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that provides insight into selectively catalytic transformations of lignin and its derived monomers via directed scissor of chemical linkages (C-O and C-C bonds) with product-oriented targets. Furthermore, some challenges and opportunities of lignin catalytic transformation are provided based on existing problems in this field for readers to discuss future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li C, Tang L, Jiang J, Zhu F, Zhou J, Xue S. Alkalinity neutralization and structure upgrade of bauxite residue waste via synergistic pyrolysis with biomass. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 93:41-47. [PMID: 32446458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bauxite residues, a large volume solid waste, are in urgent need of effective disposal and management. Especially, strategies to alleviate the high alkalinity of bauxite residue remain a big challenge. Here, we developed a synergistic pyrolysis to neutralize the alkalinity of bauxite residue and upgrade the structure of biomass simultaneously. By cooperating the catalytic feature from bauxite residue, rice straw, a cellulose-enriched biomass, could prefer to produce acidic components under a hypothermal pyrolysis temperature (below 250 °C) and partial oxygen-contained atmosphere as evidenced by the synchronous TGA-FTIR analysis. In return, these in-situ produced acidic components neutralized the bauxite residue profoundly (pH decreased from 11.5 to 7.2) to obtain a neutral product with long-term water leaching stability. Also, a higher pyrolysis temperature led to neutral biochar-based products with well-defined carbonization characteristics. Thus, the biomass-driven pyrolysis strategy provides a potential to dispose the alkalinity issue of bauxite residue and further opportunities for the sustainable reuse and continuing management of bauxite residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuxuan Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lu Tang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jingju Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu G, Shi S, Zhao L, Liu M, Gao J, Xu J. Catalytic Activation of Carbon–Hydrogen Bonds in Lignin Linkages over Strong-Base-Modified Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Lignin Oxidative Cleavage. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen J, Yang H, Fu H, He H, Zeng Q, Li X. Electrochemical oxidation mechanisms for selective products due to C-O and C-C cleavages of β-O-4 linkages in lignin model compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11508-11518. [PMID: 32393942 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation is a promising and effective method for lignin depolymerization owing to its selective oxidation capacity and environmental friendliness. Herein, the electrooxidation of non-phenolic alkyl aryl ether monomers and β-O-4 dimers was experimentally (by cyclic voltammetry, in situ spectroelectrochemistry, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) and theoretically (by DFT calculations) explored in detail. Compared to the reported literature (T. Shiraishi, T. Takano, H. Kamitakahara and F. Nakatsubo, Holzforschung, 2012, 66(3), 303-309), 1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethanol showed a distinguishable oxidation pathway, where the resulting carbonyl product surprisingly underwent a bond cleavage on alkyl-aryl ether to ultimately produce a quinoid like compound. In contrast, β-O-4 dimers, like 2-phenoxy-1-phenethanol and 2-phenoxyacetophenone also demonstrated electrochemical oxidation induced by Cβ-O and Cα-Cβ bond cleavages. For the oxidation products, the presence of the Cα-hydroxyl group in dimers was the key to selectively generate aldehyde-containing species under mild electrochemical conditions, otherwise it produces alcohol-containing products following a different mechanism compared to the Cα[double bond, length as m-dash]O containing dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cao Y, Zhang C, Tsang DC, Fan J, Clark JH, Zhang S. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignin to Aromatic Chemicals: Impact of Lignin Structure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Daniel C.W. Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - James H. Clark
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hofmann LE, Hofmann D, Prusko L, Altmann L, Heinrich MR. Sequential Cleavage of Lignin Systems by Nitrogen Monoxide and Hydrazine. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elena Hofmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen
| | - Dagmar Hofmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen
| | - Lea Prusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen
| | - Lisa‐Marie Altmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li X, Zhang Y. Metal Catalyst-Free Oxidative C-C Bond Cleavage of a Lignin Model Compound by H 2 O 2 in Formic acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1740-1745. [PMID: 32048446 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of the β-O-4 ether bond of lignin to produce aromatics is one of the most important topics for the sustainable production of chemicals from biomass. A simple system has been developed for Cα -Cβ bond cleavage of a β-O-4 ketone-structured lignin model compound (LMC) by H2 O2 in formic acid under metal catalyst-free conditions. By using this simple system, with H2 O2 , formic acid, and mineral acid catalyst, over 90 % product yield is achieved in 6 h at room temperature. The reaction proceeds through the classic Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and in situ-generated performic acid serves as the key oxidant. The cleavage of alcoholic LMCs by using the presented method in a two-step process is also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiukai Li
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Yugen Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
In recent decades, research on lignin depolymerization and its downstream product transformation has drawn an enormous amount of attention from academia to industry worldwide, aiming at harvesting aromatic compounds from this abundant and renewable biomass resource. Although the lignin conversion can be traced back to the 1930s and various noncatalytic and catalytic methods have been explored to depolymerize lignin via direct lignin conversion research or lignin models conversion studies, the complexity of the lignin structure, various linkages, the high stability of lignin bonds, and the diverse fragments condensation process make lignin depolymerization to monomers a highly challenging task. For the potential practical utilization of lignin, compared with lignin conversion to liquid fuel with extra H2 consumption, maintaining the aromatic structure and preparing high-value aromatic chemicals from renewable lignin is more profitable. Therefore, lignin depolymerization to easy-to-handle aromatic monomers with acceptable conversion and selectivity is of great importance. In this article, we present our recent studies on lignin's catalytic conversion to aromatic chemicals. First, we introduce our research on protolignin depolymerization via a fragmentation-hydrogenolysis process in alcohol solvents. Then, focusing on the catalytic cleavage of lignin C-C and C-O bonds, we shed light on a recapitulative adjacent functional group modification (AFGM) strategy for the conversion of lignin models. AFGM strategy begins with the adjacent functional group modification of the target C-C or C-O bond to directly decrease the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) of targeted bonds or generate new substrate sites to introduce the cleavage reagent for further conversion. Subsequently, on the basis of these two concepts from AFGM, we summarize our strategies on lignin depolymerization, which highlight the effects of lignin structure, catalyst character, and reaction conditions on the efficiency of strategies. In short, the key point for lignin depolymerization to aromatics is promoting the lignin conversion and restraining the condensation. Compared with the complex research on direct lignin conversion, this bottom-up research approach, beginning with lignin model research, can make the conversion mechanism study clear and provide potential methods for the protolignin/technical lignin conversion. In addition, one of our perspectives for lignin utilization is that the products from lignin conversion can be used as monomers for artificial polymerization, such as the simple phenol (PhOH) and other potential acid compounds, or that lignin derivative molecules can be used to synthesize high-value synthetic building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Al-Hussaini L, Launay F, Galvez E. Vanadium-Substituted Phosphomolybdic Acids for the Aerobic Cleavage of Lignin Models-Mechanistic Aspect and Extension to Lignin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13040812. [PMID: 32053950 PMCID: PMC7079653 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the aerobic oxidative cleavage of C-C and C-O bonds catalyzed by the Keggin-type phosphovanadomolybdic acid (H6[PMo9V3O40], noted H6PV3). The latter was synthesized by an adapted hydrothermal procedure classically used for lower vanadium content and was tested as a catalyst for the aerobic cleavage of 2-phenoxyacetophenone (noted K1HH) and 1-phenyl-2-phenoxyethanol (A1HH) used as two lignin models. The operative conditions (solvent, catalytic loading, etc.) were adjusted on K1HH and extrapolated to A1HH. The cleavage of the alcohol model required more drastic conditions and therefore further optimization. Preliminary attempts on an Organosolv wheat straw lignin were performed too. From the kinetic study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data, a mechanism of the cleavage of both models was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louay Al-Hussaini
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Franck Launay
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Elena Galvez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d’Alembert, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wong SS, Shu R, Zhang J, Liu H, Yan N. Downstream processing of lignin derived feedstock into end products. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5510-5560. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides critical analysis on various downstream processes to convert lignin derived feedstock into fuels, chemicals and materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sie Shing Wong
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Riyang Shu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
| | - Jiaguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Haichao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Ning Yan
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kaabel S, Friščić T, Auclair K. Mechanoenzymatic Transformations in the Absence of Bulk Water: A More Natural Way of Using Enzymes. Chembiochem 2019; 21:742-758. [PMID: 31651073 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu H, Li H, Luo N, Wang F. Visible-Light-Induced Oxidative Lignin C–C Bond Cleavage to Aldehydes Using Vanadium Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang M, Wang F. Catalytic Scissoring of Lignin into Aryl Monomers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901866. [PMID: 31821648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an aromatic polymer, which is the biggest and most sustainable reservoir for aromatics. The selective conversion of lignin polymers into aryl monomers is a promising route to provide aromatics, but it is also a challenging task. Compared to cellulose, lignin remains the most poorly utilized biopolymer due to its complex structure. Although harsh conditions can degrade lignin, the aromatic rings are usually destroyed. This article comprehensively analyzes the challenges facing the scissoring of lignin into aryl monomers and summarizes the recent progress, focusing on the strategies and the catalysts to address the problems. Finally, emphasis is given to the outlook and future directions of this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Redox-neutral photocatalytic strategy for selective C-C bond cleavage of lignin and lignin models via PCET process. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1658-1666. [PMID: 36659779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It remains challenging to achieve the selective cleavage of C-C bonds in lignin or lignin model compounds to produce aromatic products in high yield and selectivity. We have developed a redox-neutral photocatalytic strategy to accomplish this goal in both β-O-4 and β-1 lignin models at room temperature (RT) via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process without any pretreatments of substrate, by adjusting the alkalinity of base to obtain a lignin models/base PCET pair with a bond dissociation free energy close to 102 kcal/mol. Without breaking down Cβ-Cγ bond and any C-O bonds, this PCET method is 100% atom economy and produces exclusive Cα-Cβ bond cleavage products, such as benzaldehydes (up to 97%) and phenyl ethers (up to 96%), in high to excellent yields and selectivities. Preliminary studies indicated that the PCET strategy is also effective for the depolymerization of native lignin at RT, thus providing significantly important foundation to the depolymerization of lignin.
Collapse
|