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Youden B, Yang D, Carrier A, Oakes K, Servos M, Jiang R, Zhang X. Speciation Analysis of Metals and Metalloids by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39250346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The presence of metalloids and heavy metals in the environment is of critical concern due to their toxicological impacts. However, not all metallic species have the same risk level. Specifically, the physical, chemical, and isotopic speciation of the metal(loids) dictate their metabolism, toxicity, and environmental fate. As such, speciation analysis is critical for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. In the past two decades, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has seen significant developments regarding trace metal(loid) sensing due to its ultrahigh sensitivity, readiness for in situ real-time applications, and cost-effectiveness. However, the speciation of metal(loid)s has not been accounted for in the design and application of SERS sensors. In this Perspective, we examine the potential of SERS for metal(loid) speciation analysis and highlight the advantages, progress, opportunities, and challenges of this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Youden
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dongchang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Andrew Carrier
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Ken Oakes
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Mark Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runqing Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 1G3, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
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2
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Zhang X, Chen QF, Deng J, Xu X, Zhan J, Du HY, Yu Z, Li M, Zhang MT, Shao Y. Identifying Metal-Oxo/Peroxo Intermediates in Catalytic Water Oxidation by In Situ Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17748-17752. [PMID: 36149317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis of water oxidation has been intensively investigated, but its mechanism is still not yet fully understood. This study aims at capturing and identifying key short-lived intermediates directly during the water oxidation catalyzed by a cobalt-tetraamido macrocyclic ligand complex using a newly developed an in situ electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS) method. Two key ligand-centered-oxidation intermediates, [(L2-)CoIIIOH] and [(L2-)CoIIIOOH], were directly observed for the first time, and further confirmed by 18O-labeling and collision-induced dissociation studies. These experimental results further confirmed the rationality of the water nucleophilic attack mechanism for the single-site water oxidation catalysis. This work also demonstrated that such an in situ EC-MS method is a promising analytical tool for redox catalytic processes, not only limited to water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi-Fa Chen
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintao Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jirui Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao-Yi Du
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengyou Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meixian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Harper DR, Kulik HJ. Computational Scaling Relationships Predict Experimental Activity and Rate-Limiting Behavior in Homogeneous Water Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2186-2197. [PMID: 35037756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While computational screening with first-principles density functional theory (DFT) is essential for evaluating candidate catalysts, limitations in accuracy typically prevent the prediction of experimentally relevant activities. Exemplary of these challenges are homogeneous water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) where differences in experimental conditions or small changes in ligand structure can alter rate constants by over an order of magnitude. Here, we compute mechanistically relevant electronic and energetic properties for 19 mononuclear Ru transition-metal complexes (TMCs) from three experimental water oxidation catalysis studies. We discover that 15 of these TMCs have experimental activities that correlate with a single property, the ionization potential of the Ru(II)-O2 catalytic intermediate. This scaling parameter allows the quantitative understanding of activity trends and provides insight into the rate-limiting behavior. We use this approach to rationalize differences in activity with different experimental conditions, and we qualitatively analyze the source of distinct behavior for different electronic states in the other four catalysts. Comparison to closely related single-atom catalysts and modified WOCs enables rationalization of the source of rate enhancement in these WOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Harper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Shao Y, de Groot HJM, Buda F. Two-Channel Model for Electron Transfer in a Dye-Catalyst-Dye Supramolecular Complex for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3155-3162. [PMID: 34097820 PMCID: PMC8453919 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To improve the performance of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DS-PEC) devices for splitting water, the tailoring of the photocatalytic four-photon water oxidation half-reaction represents a principle challenge of fundamental significance. In this study, a Ru-based water oxidation catalyst (WOC) covalently bound to two 2,6-diethoxy-1,4,5,8-diimide-naphthalene (NDI) dye functionalities provides comparable driving forces and channels for electron transfer. Constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the photocatalytic cycle of this two-channel model for photocatalytic water splitting. The introduction of a second light-harvesting dye in the Ru-based dye-WOC-dye supramolecular complex enables two separate parallel electron-transfer channels, leading to a five-step catalytic cycle with three intermediates and two doubly oxidized states. The total spin S=1 is conserved during the catalytic process and the system with opposite spin on the oxidized NDI proceeds from the Ru=O intermediate to the final Ru-O2 intermediate with a triplet molecular 3 O2 ligand that is eventually released into the environment. The in-depth insight into the proposed photocatalytic cycle of the two-channel model provides a strategy for the development of novel high-efficiency supramolecular complexes for DS-PEC devices with buildup and conservation of spin multiplicity along the reaction coordinate as a design principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Huub J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
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5
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Zhang XP, Wang HY, Zheng H, Zhang W, Cao R. O–O bond formation mechanisms during the oxygen evolution reaction over synthetic molecular catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Tsang C, Lee LYS, Cheung K, Chan P, Wong W, Wong K. Unexpected Promotional Effects of Alkyl‐Tailed Ligands and Anions on the Electrochemical Generation of Ruthenium(IV)‐Oxo Complexes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chui‐Shan Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lawrence Yoon Suk Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwong‐Chak Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Pak‐Ho Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wing‐Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwok‐Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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7
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D’Agostini S, Kottrup KG, Casadevall C, Gamba I, Dantignana V, Bucci A, Costas M, Lloret-Fillol J, Hetterscheid DG. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation with α-[Fe(mcp)(OTf) 2] and Analogues. ACS Catal 2021; 11:2583-2595. [PMID: 33815893 PMCID: PMC8016111 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The complex α-[Fe(mcp)(OTf)2] (mcp = N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine
and OTf
= trifluoromethanesulfonate anion) was reported in 2011 by some of
us as an active water oxidation (WO) catalyst in the presence of sacrificial
oxidants. However, because chemical oxidants are likely to take part
in the reaction mechanism, mechanistic electrochemical studies are
critical in establishing to what extent previous studies with sacrificial
reagents have actually been meaningful. In this study, the complex
α-[Fe(mcp)(OTf)2] and its analogues were investigated
electrochemically under both acidic and neutral conditions. All the
systems under investigation proved to be electrochemically active
toward the WO reaction, with no major differences in activity despite
the structural changes. Our findings show that WO-catalyzed by mcp–iron
complexes proceeds via homogeneous species, whereas the analogous
manganese complex forms a heterogeneous deposit on the electrode surface.
Mechanistic studies show that the reaction proceeds with a different
rate-determining step (rds) than what was previously proposed in the
presence of chemical oxidants. Moreover, the different kinetic isotope
effect (KIE) values obtained electrochemically at pH 7 (KIE ∼
10) and at pH 1 (KIE = 1) show that the reaction conditions have a
remarkable effect on the rds and on the mechanism. We suggest a proton-coupled
electron transfer (PCET) as the rds under neutral conditions, whereas
at pH 1 the rds is most likely an electron transfer (ET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D’Agostini
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carla Casadevall
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Spain (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ilaria Gamba
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Valeria Dantignana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Alberto Bucci
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Spain (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Spain (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Mészáros JP, Pape VFS, Szakács G, Németi G, Dénes M, Holczbauer T, May NV, Enyedy ÉA. Half-sandwich organometallic Ru and Rh complexes of (N,N) donor compounds: effect of ligand methylation on solution speciation and anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8218-8231. [PMID: 34032247 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00808k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of half-sandwich polypyridyl complexes was synthesized and compared focusing on structural, cytotoxic and aqueous solution behaviour. The formula of the synthesized complexes is [M(arene)(N,N)Cl]Cl, where M: Ru or Rh, arene: p-cymene, toluene or C5Me5-, (N,N): 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmb), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neo). The structures of five half-sandwich complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography. It was found that introducing methyl groups next to the coordinating nitrogen atoms of the bidentate ligand causes steric congestion around the metal centre which changes the angle between ligand planes. The ligands and the Rh complexes showed significant cytotoxicity in A2780 and MES-SA cancer cell lines (IC50 = 0.1-56 μM) and in the cisplatin-resistant A2780cis cells. Paradoxically, phen and dmb as well as their half-sandwich Rh complexes showed increased toxicity against multidrug resistant MES-SA/Dx5 cells. In contrast, coordination to Ru caused loss of toxicity. Solution equilibrium constants showed that the studied metal complexes have high stability, and no dissociation was found for Ru and Rh complexes even at micromolar concentrations in a wide pH range. However, in the case of Ru complexes a slow and irreversible decomposition, namely arene loss, was also observed, which was more pronounced in light exposure in aqueous solution. In the case of neo, the methyl groups next to the nitrogen atoms significantly decrease the stability of complexes. For Rh complexes, the order of the stability constants corrected with ligand basicity (log K*): 9.78 (phen) > 9.01 (dmb) > 8.89 (bpy) > 3.93 (neo). The coordinated neo resulted in an enormous decrease in the chloride ion affinity of Ru compounds. Based on the results, a universal model was introduced for the prediction of chloride ion capability of half-sandwich Rh and Ru complexes. It combines the effects of the bidentate ligand and the M(arene) part using only two terms, performing multilinear regression procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- János P Mészáros
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. and MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Veronika F S Pape
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary and Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary and Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gábor Németi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Márk Dénes
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra V May
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. and MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Yang S, Hetterscheid DGH. Redefinition of the Active Species and the Mechanism of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Gold Oxide. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Yang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, RA Leiden 2300, Netherlands
| | - Dennis G. H. Hetterscheid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, RA Leiden 2300, Netherlands
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10
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de Ruiter JM, de Groot HJM, Buda F. Energetic Effects of a Closed System Approach Including Explicit Proton and Electron Acceptors as Demonstrated by a Mononuclear Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:4594-4601. [PMID: 30450133 PMCID: PMC6221022 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
When considering water oxidation catalysis theoretically, accounting for the transfer of protons and electrons from one catalytic intermediate to the next remains challenging: correction factors are usually employed to approximate the energetics of electron and proton transfer. Here these energetics were investigated using a closed system approach, which places the catalytic intermediate in a simulation box including proton and electron acceptors, as well as explicit solvent. As a proof of principle, the first two catalytic steps of the mononuclear ruthenium-based water oxidation catalyst [Ru(cy)(bpy)(H2O)]2+ were examined using Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics. This investigation shows that this approach offers added insight, not only into the free energy profile between two stable intermediates, but also into how the solvent environment impacts this dynamic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M de Ruiter
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 Leiden 2300 RA The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 Leiden 2300 RA The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 Leiden 2300 RA The Netherlands
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11
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Younus HA, Ahmad N, Chughtai AH, Vandichel M, Busch M, Van Hecke K, Yusubov M, Song S, Verpoort F. A Robust Molecular Catalyst Generated In Situ for Photo- and Electrochemical Water Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:862-875. [PMID: 27921384 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting is the key step towards artificial photosystems for solar energy conversion and storage in the form of chemical bonding. The oxidation of water is the bottle-neck of this process that hampers its practical utility; hence, efficient, robust, and easy to make catalytic systems based on cheap and earth-abundant materials are of exceptional importance. Herein, an in situ generated cobalt catalyst, [CoII (TCA)2 (H2 O)2 ] (TCA=1-mesityl-1,2,3-1H-triazole-4-carboxylate), that efficiently conducts photochemical water oxidation under near-neutral conditions is presented. The catalyst showed high stability under photolytic conditions for more than 3 h of photoirradiation. During electrochemical water oxidation, the catalytic system assembled a catalyst film, which proved not to be cobalt oxide/hydroxide as normally expected, but instead, and for the first time, generated a molecular cobalt complex that incorporated the organic ligand bound to cobalt ions. The catalyst film exhibited a low overpotential for electrocatalytic water oxidation (360 mV) and high oxygen evolution peak current densities of 9 and 2.7 mA cm-2 on glassy carbon and indium-doped tin oxide electrodes, respectively, at only 1.49 and 1.39 V (versus a normal hydrogen electrode), respectively, under neutral conditions. This finding, exemplified on the in situ generated cobalt complex, might be applicable to other molecular systems and suggests that the formation of a catalytic film in electrochemical water oxidation experiments is not always an indication of catalyst decomposition and the formation of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Younus
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials, Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 36514, Egypt
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials, Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Adeel H Chughtai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials, Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Matthias Vandichel
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technology Park 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Fysikgränd 3, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michael Busch
- Department of Physics and Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Fysikgränd 3, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mekhman Yusubov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Shaoxian Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials, Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Hetterscheid DGH. In operando studies on the electrochemical oxidation of water mediated by molecular catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10622-10631. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04944g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This feature article describes on-line studies regarding the water oxidation reaction mediated by molecular catalysts.
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13
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de Ruiter JM, Buda F. Introducing a closed system approach for the investigation of chemical steps involving proton and electron transfer; as illustrated by a copper-based water oxidation catalyst. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4208-4215. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an ab initio molecular dynamics approach to characterize proton-coupled electron transfer catalytic steps and identify the preferred reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden University
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
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