1
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Cho K, Jang JY, Ko YJ, Myung Y, Son SU. Hollow Ru/RuO 2 nanospheres with nanoparticulate shells for high performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:867-875. [PMID: 38298592 PMCID: PMC10825940 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This work shows that hollow Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles having nanoparticulate shells (HN-Ru/RuO2) can be prepared using hollow microporous organic polymers with Ru species (H-MOP-Ru) as precursors. Using silica spheres as templates, H-MOPs were prepared through the Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene with 2,3-ethoxymethylenedioxy-1,4-diiodobenzene. Acid hydrolysis of cyclic ethyl orthoformate protecting groups generated catechol moieties to form H-MOP-Cat. Then, H-MOP-Ru was obtained by incorporating Ru species into H-MOP-Cat. Heat-treatment of H-MOP-Ru under air induced the formation of HN-Ru/RuO2 with a diameter of 61 nm and shells consisting of 6-7 nm nanoparticles. Due to the hollow structure and nanoparticulate shells, HN-Ru/RuO2 showed a high surface area of 80 m2 g-1 and a pore volume of 0.18 cm3 g-1. The HN-Ru/RuO2 showed enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with an overpotential of 295 mV @ 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 46 mV dec-1 in alkaline electrolyte, compared with control RuO2 such as commercial Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles (A-Ru/RuO2) and home-made Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles (N-Ru/RuO2) prepared via the same synthetic procedure as HN-Ru/RuO2. While HN-Ru/RuO2 inevitably contained Pd originated from coupling catalysts, it showed superior performance to Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles with the same Pd content (N1-Ru/RuO2), indicating that the efficient electrocatalytic performance of HN-Ru/RuO2 is attributable to its hollow structure and nanoparticulate shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungil Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - June Young Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Yoon Myung
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Advanced Energy Materials and Components R&D Group Busan 46744 Korea
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
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2
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Ghosh T, Kedarnath G, Mobin SM. A Highly Active Nitrogen‐Doped Mixed‐Phase Mixed‐Valence Cobalt Nanocatalyst for Olefins and Nitroarenes Hydrogenation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Topi Ghosh
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Gotluru Kedarnath
- Chemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar Mumbai 400 094 India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
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3
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Sarkar C, Shit SC, Das N, Mondal J. Presenting porous-organic-polymers as next-generation invigorating materials for nanoreactors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8550-8567. [PMID: 34369958 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) represent an emerging class of porous organic materials which mainly comprise organic building blocks that are interconnected via strong covalent bonds, thereby offering highly cross-linked frameworks with rigid structures and specific void spaces for accommodating guest molecules. In the past few years, POPs have garnered colossal research interest as nanoreactors for heterogeneous catalysis (thermal, photochemical, electrochemical, etc.) because of their intriguing characteristic features, such as high thermal and chemical stabilities, adjustable chemical functionalities, large surface areas, and tunable pore size distributions. This feature article provides an overview of existing research relating to diverse POP synthetic approaches (COFs, CTFs, and some amorphous POPs), the possible modification of the functionality of POPs, and their exciting application as next-generation nanoreactors. These POPs are extremely interesting, as they offer the potential for either metal-free or metalated polymer catalysts allowing photocatalytic CO2 reduction to solar-fuel, biofuel upgrades, the conversion of waste cooking oil to bio-oil, and clean H2 production from water, addressing many scientific and technological challenges and providing new opportunities for various specific topics in catalysis. Finally, we emphasize that the integration of various synthetic approaches and the application of POPs as nanoreactors will provide opportunities in the near future for the precision synthesis of functional materials with significant impact in both basic and applied research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Sarkar
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 50007, India.
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4
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Yamada T, Ogawa A, Masuda H, Teranishi W, Fujii A, Park K, Ashikari Y, Tomiyasu N, Ichikawa T, Miyamoto R, Bai H, Matsuyama K, Nagaki A, Sajiki H. Pd catalysts supported on dual-pore monolithic silica beads for chemoselective hydrogenation under batch and flow reaction conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two different types of palladium catalysts supported on dual-pore monolithic silica beads [5% Pd/SM and 0.25% Pd/SM(sc)] for chemoselective hydrogenation were developed.
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5
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Shen Q, Ma X, Li W, Liu W, Ding Y, Yang Z, Roesky HW. Organoaluminum Compounds as Catalysts for Monohydroboration of Carbodiimides. Chemistry 2019; 25:11918-11923. [PMID: 31291029 PMCID: PMC6771511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effective catalytic activity of organoaluminum compounds for the monohydroboration of carbodiimides has been demonstrated. Two aluminum complexes, 2 and 3, were synthesized and characterized. The efficient catalytic performances of four aluminum hydride complexes L1 AlH2 (L1 =HC(CMeNAr)2 , Ar=2,6-Et2 C6 H3 ; 1), L2 AlH2 (NMe3 ) (L2 =o-C6 H4 F(CH=N-Ar), Ar=2,6-Et2 C6 H3 ; 2), L3 AlH (L3 =2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethylene)phenylamine; 3), and L4 AlH(NMe3 ) (L4 =o-C6 H4 (N-Dipp)(CH=N-Dipp), Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ; 4), and an aluminum alkyl complex L1 AlMe2 (5) were used for the monohydroboration of carbodiimides investigated under solvent-free and mild conditions. Compounds 1-3 and 5 can produce monohydroborated N-borylformamidine, whereas 4 can afford the C-borylformamidine product. A suggested mechanism of this reaction was explored, and the aluminum formamidinate compound 6 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray, also a stoichiometric reaction was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumiao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Wenling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
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6
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Stabilization of reactive Co 4O 4 cubane oxygen-evolution catalysts within porous frameworks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11630-11639. [PMID: 31142656 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815013116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge to the implementation of artificial photosynthesis (AP), in which fuels are produced from abundant materials (water and carbon dioxide) in an electrochemical cell through the action of sunlight, is the discovery of active, inexpensive, safe, and stable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Multimetallic molecular catalysts, inspired by the natural photosynthetic enzyme, can provide important guidance for catalyst design, but the necessary mechanistic understanding has been elusive. In particular, fundamental transformations for reactive intermediates are difficult to observe, and well-defined molecular models of such species are highly prone to decomposition by intermolecular aggregation. Here, we present a general strategy for stabilization of the molecular cobalt-oxo cubane core (Co4O4) by immobilizing it as part of metal-organic frameworks, thus preventing intermolecular pathways of catalyst decomposition. These materials retain the OER activity and mechanism of the molecular Co4O4 analog yet demonstrate unprecedented long-term stability at pH 14. The organic linkers of the framework allow for chemical fine-tuning of activity and stability and, perhaps most importantly, provide "matrix isolation" that allows for observation and stabilization of intermediates in the water-splitting pathway.
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7
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Plascencia C, Curtiss LA, Liu C. Hydrogen Activation by Silica-Supported Metal Ion Catalysts: Catalytic Properties of Metals and Performance of DFT Functionals. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:171-186. [PMID: 30516380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-site heterogeneous catalysts (SSHC) have received increasing attention due to their well-defined active sites and potentially high specific activity. Detailed computational studies were carried out on a set of potential SSHC's, i.e., silica-supported metal ions, to investigate the reactivity of these catalysts with H2 as well as to evaluate the performance of density functional theory (DFT) methods in conjunction with triple-ζ quality basis sets (i.e., cc-pVTZ) on reaction energetics. The ions considered include 4d and 5d metals as well as several post-transition metal ions. A representative cluster model of silica is used to calculate reaction free energies of the metal hydride formation that results from the heterolytic cleavage of H2 on the M-O bond. The hydride formation free energy is previously shown to be strongly correlated with the catalytic activity of such catalysts for alkene hydrogenation. ONIOM calculations (CCSD(T)//MP2) are used to assess the accuracy and reliability of the MP2 results and it is found that MP2 is a suitable level of theory for gauging the performance of DFT functionals. The performance of various DFT functionals is assessed relative to MP2 results and it is found that the wB97xd and PBE0 functionals have the lowest standard deviation (STD) value while the MN12SX and PBE functionals have the lowest mean absolute deviation (MAD) values. The B3LYP functional is shown to have similar MAD and STD values as the top performing functionals. Potential active SSHC's for exergonic hydrogen activation predicted in this study include mostly late and post transition metal ions, i.e., Au3+, Pd2+, Pt4+, Pd4+, Ir4+, Hg2+, Rh3+, Pb4+, Tl3+, In3+, Ir3+, Os4+, Cd2+, Ru2+, and Ga3+. This study provides important guidance to future computational studies of such catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Plascencia
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , 220 Trowbridge Road , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
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8
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Whittaker T, Kumar KBS, Peterson C, Pollock MN, Grabow LC, Chandler BD. H2 Oxidation over Supported Au Nanoparticle Catalysts: Evidence for Heterolytic H2 Activation at the Metal–Support Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16469-16487. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd Whittaker
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, United States
| | - K. B. Sravan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Christine Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, United States
| | - Meagan N. Pollock
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, United States
| | - Lars C. Grabow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Bert D. Chandler
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, United States
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9
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Liu C, Camacho-Bunquin J, Ferrandon M, Savara A, Sohn H, Yang D, Kaphan DM, Langeslay RR, Ignacio-de Leon PA, Liu S, Das U, Yang B, Hock AS, Stair PC, Curtiss LA, Delferro M. Development of activity–descriptor relationships for supported metal ion hydrogenation catalysts on silica. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Kramer S, Bennedsen NR, Kegnæs S. Porous Organic Polymers Containing Active Metal Centers as Catalysts for Synthetic Organic Chemistry. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niklas R. Bennedsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Kegnæs
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Elsen H, Färber C, Ballmann G, Harder S. LiAlH 4 : From Stoichiometric Reduction to Imine Hydrogenation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7156-7160. [PMID: 29683545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Imine-to-amine conversion with catalytic instead of stoichiometric quantities of LiAlH4 is demonstrated (85 °C, catalyst loading≥2.5 mol %, pressure≥1 bar). The effects of temperature, pressure, solvent, and catalyst modifications, as well as the substrate scope are discussed. Experimental investigations and preliminary DFT calculations suggest that the catalytically active species is generated in situ: LiAlH4 +Ph(H)C=NtBu→LiAlH2 [N(tBu)CH2 Ph]2 . A cooperative mechanism in which Li and Al both play a prominent role is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Elsen H, Färber C, Ballmann G, Harder S. LiAlH4
: From Stoichiometric Reduction to Imine Hydrogenation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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13
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Camacho-Bunquin J, Ferrandon M, Sohn H, Yang D, Liu C, Ignacio-de Leon PA, Perras FA, Pruski M, Stair PC, Delferro M. Chemoselective Hydrogenation with Supported Organoplatinum(IV) Catalyst on Zn(II)-Modified Silica. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3940-3951. [PMID: 29485277 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined organoplatinum(IV) sites were grafted on a Zn(II)-modified SiO2 support via surface organometallic chemistry in toluene at room temperature. Solid-state spectroscopies including XAS, DRIFTS, DRUV-vis, and solid-state (SS) NMR enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), as well as TPR-H2 and TEM techniques revealed highly dispersed (methylcyclopentadienyl)methylplatinum(IV) sites on the surface ((MeCp)PtMe/Zn/SiO2, 1). In addition, computational modeling suggests that the surface reaction of (MeCp)PtMe3 with Zn(II)-modified SiO2 support is thermodynamically favorable (Δ G = -12.4 kcal/mol), likely due to the increased acidity of the hydroxyl group, as indicated by NH3-TPD and DNP-enhanced 17O{1H} SSNMR. In situ DRIFTS and XAS hydrogenation experiments reveal the probable formation of a surface Pt(IV)-H upon hydrogenolysis of Pt-Me groups. The heterogenized organoplatinum(IV)-hydride sites catalyze the selective partial hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to butenes (up to 95%) and the reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives to anilines (up to 99%) with excellent tolerance of reduction-sensitive functional groups (olefin, carbonyl, nitrile, halogens) under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Camacho-Bunquin
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Magali Ferrandon
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Hyuntae Sohn
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Dali Yang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Patricia Anne Ignacio-de Leon
- Energy Sciences Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Frédéric A Perras
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Marek Pruski
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 2416 Pammel Drive , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Peter C Stair
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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14
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Huang Z, Liu D, Camacho-Bunquin J, Zhang G, Yang D, López-Encarnación JM, Xu Y, Ferrandon MS, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Jellinek J, Lei A, Bunel EE, Delferro M. Supported Single-Site Ti(IV) on a Metal–Organic Framework for the Hydroboration of Carbonyl Compounds. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Huang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jeffrey Camacho-Bunquin
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Dali Yang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Juan M. López-Encarnación
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Mathematics-Physics, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, Puerto Rico 00736, United States
| | - Yunjie Xu
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Magali S. Ferrandon
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Julius Jellinek
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Emilio E. Bunel
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii I. Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812
Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
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