1
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Mohamadpour F, Amani AM. Photocatalytic systems: reactions, mechanism, and applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20609-20645. [PMID: 38952944 PMCID: PMC11215501 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic field revolves around the utilization of photon energy to initiate various chemical reactions using non-adsorbing substrates, through processes such as single electron transfer, energy transfer, or atom transfer. The efficiency of this field depends on the capacity of a light-absorbing metal complex, organic molecule, or substance (commonly referred to as photocatalysts or PCs) to execute these processes. Photoredox techniques utilize photocatalysts, which possess the essential characteristic of functioning as both an oxidizing and a reducing agent upon activation. In addition, it is commonly observed that photocatalysts exhibit optimal performance when irradiated with low-energy light sources, while still retaining their catalytic activity under ambient temperatures. The implementation of photoredox catalysis has resuscitated an array of synthesis realms, including but not limited to radical chemistry and photochemistry, ultimately affording prospects for the development of the reactions. Also, photoredox catalysis is utilized to resolve numerous challenges encountered in medicinal chemistry, as well as natural product synthesis. Moreover, its applications extend across diverse domains encompassing organic chemistry and catalysis. The significance of photoredox catalysts is rooted in their utilization across various fields, including biomedicine, environmental pollution management, and water purification. Of course, recently, research has evaluated photocatalysts in terms of cost, recyclability, and pollution of some photocatalysts and dyes from an environmental point of view. According to these new studies, there is a need for critical studies and reviews on photocatalysts and photocatalytic processes to provide a solution to reduce these limitations. As a future perspective for research on photocatalysts, it is necessary to put the goals of researchers on studies to overcome the limitations of the application and efficiency of photocatalysts to promote their use on a large scale for the development of industrial activities. Given the significant implications of the subject matter, this review seeks to delve into the fundamental tenets of the photocatalyst domain and its associated practical use cases. This review endeavors to demonstrate the prospective of a powerful tool known as photochemical catalysis and elucidate its underlying tenets. Additionally, another goal of this review is to expound upon the various applications of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mohamadpour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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2
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Jung H, Choi J, Kim D, Lee JH, Ihee H, Kim D, Chang S. Photoinduced Group Transposition via Iridium-Nitrenoid Leading to Amidative Inner-Sphere Aryl Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408123. [PMID: 38871650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
We herein report a fundamental mechanistic investigation into photochemical metal-nitrenoid generation and inner-sphere transposition reactivity using organometallic photoprecursors. By designing Cp*Ir(hydroxamate)(Ar) complexes, we induced photo-initiated ligand activation, allowing us to explore the amidative σ(Ir-aryl) migration reactivity. A combination of experimental mechanistic studies, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the metal-to-ligand charge transfer enables the σ(N-O) cleavage, followed by Ir-acylnitrenoid generation. The final inner-sphere σ(Ir-aryl) group migration results in a net amidative group transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoimin Jung
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkweon Choi
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Maity A, Studer A. Intramolecular Radical Amidooxygenation of Alkenes for the Construction of Pyrrolidinones. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38814142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
An intramolecular 1,2-amidooxygenation of unactivated alkenes for the construction of the pyrrolidinone scaffold containing a masked 5-hydroxymethyl functionality is reported. γ,δ-Unsaturated N-aryloxyamides react with sodium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-olate (TEMPONa) to afford alkoxyaminated pyrrolidinones. The cascade proceeds through reductive amidyl radical generation with TEMPONa, 5-exo cyclization, and TEMPO trapping. No transition metal is required to perform these transformations, and complex (fused, bridged) pyrrolidinones are accessible in moderate to good yields. The product alkoxyamines are readily further converted into ketones and alcohols through either oxidation or reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Maity
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Yang S, Cai SS, Li JH, Chen M. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Heck-Type Coupling of Cyclobutanone Oxime Esters with Vinyl Arenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7243-7254. [PMID: 38696261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed radical Heck-type coupling reaction of cyclobutanone oxime esters with olefins under visible-light irradiation has been developed. The cyanoalkyl/Pd(I) hybrid species generated by selected ring-opening C-C bond cleavage of imino/Pd(I) species reacted smoothly with vinyl arenes, delivering the cyanoalkylation olefins under mild conditions. This elegant strategy has a broad scope and functional group tolerance. Subsequently, late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and synthetic transformations of the product further confirm the practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Sha-Sha Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
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5
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Li J, Zhong S, Zhou P, Li X, Xie D, Cai Y, Xia Y. Remote Radical Azidation of Unactivated C(sp 3)-H Bonds in Sulfamoyl Azides. Org Lett 2024; 26:3519-3523. [PMID: 38651932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method for remote radical C(sp3)-H azidation at unactivated sites is described. C-H functionalization proceeds via intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer to N-centered radicals that are generated via azido group transfer and/or fragmentation. The readily installed sulfamoyl azide serves as both an amidyl radical precursor and an azido source. This reaction features excellent site selectivity for tertiary, secondary, primary, and benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds and exhibits broad functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Sishi Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Danyang Xie
- School of Smart Health, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yong Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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6
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Hu SP, Gao CH, Liu TM, Miao BY, Wang HC, Yu W, Han B. Integrating Olefin Carboamination and Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag Reaction by Radical Deconstruction of Hydrazonyl N-N Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400168. [PMID: 38380865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
As a type of elementary organic compounds containing N-N single bond, hydrazone involved chemical conversions are extremely extensive, but they are mainly limited to N2-retention and N2-removal modes. We report herein an unprecedented protocol for the realization of division utilization of the N2-moiety of hydrazone by a radical facilitated N-N bond deconstruction strategy. This new conversion mode enables the successful combination of alkene carboamination and Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag reaction by the reaction of N-homoallyl mesitylenesulfonyl hydrazones with ethyl difluoroiodoacetate under photocatalytic redox neutral conditions. Mechanism studies reveal that the reaction undergoes a radical relay involving addition, crucial remote imino-N migration and H-atom transfer. Consequently, a series of structurally significant ϵ-N-sulphonamide-α,α-difluoro-γ-amino acid esters are efficiently produced via continuous C-C bond and dual C-N bonds forging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Pei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chen-Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tu-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bing-Yang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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7
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Liu H, Huang H. Construction of Bidentate Phosphines Enabled by Photoinduced Reductive Diphosphination of Alkenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304109. [PMID: 38340028 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The diphosphination of alkenes through a radical pathway offers a promising approach for the rapid construction of aryl bisphosphines. However, such a synthetic strategy has not been successfully applied to the preparation of alkyl bisphosphines, partially due to the difficulties in the generation of phosphorus-centered radicals from common alkyl phosphine compounds. We herein demonstrate that this challenge can be overcome by hiring Janus-faced chlorophosphine as the phosphine source that can act as not only a radical precursor to generate phosphine-centered radicals but also a radicalphile to capture alkyl radicals. With this novel strategy, a photocatalyzed reductive diphosphination reaction has been established, allowing for a straightforward synthesis of both aryl and alkyl 1,2-bisphosphines from readily accessible alkenes and chlorophosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
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8
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Sahoo S, Manna S, Rit A. Unravelling a bench-stable zinc-amide compound as highly active multitasking catalyst for radical-mediated selective alk(en)ylation of unactivated carbocycles under mild conditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5238-5247. [PMID: 38577381 PMCID: PMC10988604 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct functionalization of unactivated organic moieties via C-C bond formation has long fascinated synthetic chemists. Although base-metal systems are steadily emerging in this area, achieving multitasking activity in a single catalyst to execute several such functionalizations under mild conditions is challenging. To address this, we herein report an effective protocol for the selective C-alk(en)ylation of indene/fluorene with alcohol as a green alkylating agent employing a naturally abundant and eco-friendly zinc-derived compound, for the first time. Notably, this study unveils the unique potential of a bench-stable Zn compound bearing an amidated imidazolium salt towards C-C bond-forming reactions utilizing an array of alcohols, ranging from aliphatic to aromatic and, attractively, even secondary alcohols. Moreover, this readily scalable protocol, which proceeds via an underdeveloped radical-mediated borrowing hydrogen protocol (an aldehyde is generated from an alcohol, and subsequent condensation with indene/fluorene provides the corresponding alkenylated products) established based on a range of control experiments, works effortlessly under mild conditions using a low catalyst loading. Notably, this approach affords remarkable selectivity towards alkylated or alkenylated products with a high level of functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity. Crucially, the catalytic activity of these Zn compounds can be attributed to their hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) capability, while their selectivity towards different products can be understood in terms of employed reaction conditions. Lastly, the synthetic utility of obtained products was showcased by their late-stage functionalization to access unsymmetrical 9,9-disubstituted fluorenes, which are potentially useful for various optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Subarna Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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9
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Liu J, Guo L, Chen Z, Guo Y, Zhang W, Peng X, Wang Z, Zeng YF. Photoredox-catalyzed unsymmetrical diamination of alkenes for access to vicinal diamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3413-3416. [PMID: 38441256 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed unsymmetrical diamination of alkenes by using N-aminopyridinium salts and nitriles as the amination reagents has been developed. Various vicinal diamines were obtained in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, this protocol could be applied in the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and natural products. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that this methodology may undergo a radical pathway followed by a Ritter-type reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yao-Fu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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10
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Wang C, Liu X, Wang Q, Fang WH, Chen X. Unveiling Mechanistic Insights and Photocatalytic Advancements in Intramolecular Photo-(3 + 2)-Cycloaddition: A Comparative Assessment of Two Paradigmatic Single-Electron-Transfer Models. JACS AU 2024; 4:419-431. [PMID: 38425917 PMCID: PMC10900211 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-aminonorbornane (1-aminoNB), a potential aniline bioisostere, through photochemistry or photoredox catalysis signifies a remarkable breakthrough with implications in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and sustainable chemistry. However, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in these reactions remains limited and ambiguous. Herein, we employ high-precision CASPT2//CASSCF calculations to elucidate the intricate mechanisms regulating the intramolecular photo-(3 + 2)-cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of 1-aminoNB in the presence or absence of the Ir-complex-based photocatalyst. Our investigations delve into radical cascades, stereoselectivity, particularly single-electron-transfer (SET) events, etc. Furthermore, we innovatively introduce and compare two SET models integrating Marcus electron-transfer theory and transition-state theory. These models combined with kinetic data contribute to recognizing the critical control factors in diverse photocatalysis, thereby guiding the design and manipulation of photoredox catalysis as well as the improvement and modification of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Yan ZH, Yan Y, Wei ZL, Liao WW. Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation/Bicyclization of N-Cyanamide Alkenes: Synthesis of Bicyclic Amidine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2718-2725. [PMID: 38306613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
An anodically oxidizing trifluoromethylation cascade of N-cyanamide alkene bearing two electronically differentiated olefin moieties was reported, in which various N-unsaturated acyl cyanamide alkenes and CF3SO2Na acting as readily available starting materials furnished nonaromatic fused azaheterobicyclic compounds in a highly efficient and sustainable manner. The broad substrate scope, facile scalability, and sustainability enabled this electrochemical process to be an appealing complement for trifluoromethylated cyclic amidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Yan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Lab of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Lin Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P R China
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12
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Jiang B, Fan TG, Ran YS, Shen YT, Zhang C, Jiang W, Li YM. Oxidative cascade cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with TMSN 3. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1186-1193. [PMID: 38214570 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01951a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
An azido-radical-triggered cyclization of N-(o-cyanobiaryl)acrylamides with TMSN3via a C(sp3)-N/C(sp2)-C(sp3)/C(sp2)-N bond formation cascade is described. This reaction features mild conditions and high bond-forming efficiency, making it an efficient method for the construction of azide-substituted pyridophenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Tai-Gang Fan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Song Ran
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Tao Shen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Cui Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
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13
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Tanaka N, Zhu JL, Valencia OL, Schull CR, Scheidt KA. Cooperative Carbene Photocatalysis for β-Amino Ester Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37906227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Amino acids are useful building blocks of bioactive molecules, including peptidomimetics and pharmaceutical compounds. The current limited accessibility to β2,2-type amino acids which bear an α-quaternary center has limited their use in chemical synthesis and biological investigations. Disclosed herein is the development of a new N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalyzed aminocarboxylation of olefins, affording β2,2-amino esters with high regioselectivity. The generation of nitrogen-centered radicals derived from simple imides via a sequence of deprotonation and single-electron oxidation allows for the subsequent addition to geminal-disubstituted olefins regioselectively. The intermediate tertiary radicals then cross-couple with a stabilized azolium-based radical generated in situ to efficiently construct the quaternary centers. Mechanistic studies, including Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching experiments, support the proposed catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua L Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Oniya L Valencia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cullen R Schull
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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14
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Ran YS, Jiang B, Shen YT, Fan TG, Jiang W, Zhang C, Li YM. Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Cyclization of 3-Ethynyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-Carbonitriles with Unsaturated α-Bromocarbonyls. Org Lett 2023; 25:7412-7416. [PMID: 37788358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted cascade cyclization of 3-ethynyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitriles with unsaturated α-bromocarbonyls for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[mn]cyclopenta[b]acridines is described. Three C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds, one C(sp2)-N bond, and three cycles can be formed in a single reaction through the addition of a C-centered radical to the carbon-carbon triple bond and three radical cyclizations. This reaction features mild conditions, wide substrate scope, and high bond-forming efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Song Ran
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Tao Shen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Gang Fan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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15
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Hayashi M, Kwon E, Shigeno M, Yada A, Kondo Y. Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Olefinic C(sp 2)-H Amidation for the Synthesis of γ-Alkylidene- γ-lactams. Molecules 2023; 28:6682. [PMID: 37764458 PMCID: PMC10537769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the copper-catalyzed dehydrogenative C(sp2)-N bond formation of 4-pentenamides via nitrogen-centered radicals. This reaction provides a straightforward and efficient preparation method for γ-alkylidene-γ-lactams. Notably, we could controllably synthesize α,β-unsaturated- or α,β-saturated-γ-alkylidene-γ-lactams depending on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan (M.S.); (Y.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan (M.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Endowed Research Laboratory of Dimensional Integrated Nanomaterials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan;
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan (M.S.); (Y.K.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi 332-0012, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Yada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan (M.S.); (Y.K.)
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16
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Hu K, He YX, Lei ZY, Ran Y, Geng S, Chen LN, Pan L, Li YL, Huang F. Photocatalytic Intramolecular Alkene Hydroamination of N-Alkoxy Ureas: An Approach to Imidazolinones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12727-12737. [PMID: 37596973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolinones were obtained in good yields by intramolecular hydroamination of N-alkoxy ureas in the presence of an organic photocatalyst and an inorganic base. In this reaction, the N-alkoxy urea anion generated by deprotonation undergoes photocatalyzed single-electron-transfer oxidation to generate the corresponding radical, which cyclizes to afford the imidazolinone ring. This new protocol grants access to an array of complex molecules containing a privileged imidazolinone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Xiang He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ran
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Shu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
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17
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Dhak MS, Arunprasath D, Argent SP, Cuthbertson JD. A Domino Radical Amidation/Semipinacol Approach to All-Carbon Quaternary Centers Bearing an Aminomethyl Group. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300922. [PMID: 37278542 PMCID: PMC10947466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox-mediated radical amidation ring-expansion sequence that enables the generation of all-carbon quaternary centers bearing a protected aminomethyl substituent is described. The methodology can be applied to both styrene and unactivated alkene substrates generating structurally diverse sp3 -rich amine derivatives in a concise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep S. Dhak
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham, Jubilee CampusTriumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Dhanarajan Arunprasath
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham, Jubilee CampusTriumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - James D. Cuthbertson
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham, Jubilee CampusTriumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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18
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Yuan CP, Xie ZZ, Zheng Y, He JT, Guan JP, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. N-Chlorosulfonyl carbamate-enabled, photoinduced amidation of quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10125-10128. [PMID: 37491978 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the design and development of a new photo-induced amidation protocol with the readily available N-chlorosulfonyl carbamate as an effective amidyl-radical precursor, which could be readily prepared from commercial low-cost chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and alcohol feedstocks. The synthetic potency of this developed protocol was well demonstrated by direct amidation of various quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. The protocol could be further streamlined by implementing a one-pot/two-step/three-component process of CSI, alcohol, and quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, with significantly improved reaction efficiency. This methodology offers an intriguing opportunity for rapid expansion of nitrogen-containing molecular complexity, thus inspiring comprehensive exploration of a new reaction mode of CSI reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Tao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., Fuzhou 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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19
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Philo JE, Caudle JD, Moussa RN, Kampmeyer PM, Hasin TR, Seo DK, Sheaff RJ, Lamar AA. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Library of Sulfonamide Analogs of Memantine to Target Glioblastoma. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300134. [PMID: 37248422 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A library of 34 lipophilic sulfonamides based upon the memantine core has been synthesized to identify potential drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier and target glioblastoma. The library was screened for in vitro activity against 4 mammalian cell lines, including U-87 (glioblastoma). Additional synthetic variation of the active compounds has validated the importance of specific regions of the pharmacophore, with the sulfonamide functionality and S-aryl unit displaying the most significant impact. In silico investigations suggest the active compounds might target DDR1 or RET proteins. The investigation has resulted in several compounds that warrant further development for lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Philo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Jenna D Caudle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Reema N Moussa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Patrick M Kampmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Tasfia R Hasin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - David K Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Robert J Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Angus A Lamar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
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20
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Qiao T, Edwards ME, Tang X, Yan X, Son DH. Efficient and Selective Photogeneration of Stable N-Centered Radicals via Controllable Charge Carrier Imbalance in Cesium Lead Halide Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16862-16871. [PMID: 37471618 PMCID: PMC10863071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite the versatility of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in photoinduced chemical processes, the generation of stable radicals has been more challenging due to reverse charge transfer or charge recombination even in the presence of sacrificial charge acceptors. Here, we show that cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) NCs can selectively photogenerate either aminium or aminyl radicals from amines, taking advantage of the controllable imbalance of the electron and hole populations achieved by varying the solvent composition. Using dihalomethane as the solvent, irreversible removal of the electrons from CsPbX3 NCs enabled by the photoinduced halide exchange between the NCs and the dihalomethane resulted in efficient oxidative generation of the aminium radical. In the absence of dihalomethane in solvent, the availability of both electrons and holes resulted in the production of an aminyl radical via sequential hole transfer and reductive N-H bond dissociation. The negative charge of the halide ions on the NC's lattice surface appears to facilitate the aminyl radical production, competing favorably with the reversible charge transfer reverting to the reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Madison E. Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xueting Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program
of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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21
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Jiang Y, Liu D, Rotella ME, Deng G, Liu Z, Chen W, Zhang H, Kozlowski MC, Walsh PJ, Yang X. Net-1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer of Amidyl Radicals: Toward the Synthesis of 1,2-Diamine Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16045-16057. [PMID: 37441806 PMCID: PMC10411589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes are among the most useful approaches for the selective construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. 1,5-HAT with heteroatom-centered radicals (O•, N•) have been well established and are favored relative to other 1,n-HAT processes. In comparison, net 1,2-HAT processes have been observed infrequently. Herein, the first amidyl radicalls are reported that preferentially undergo a net 1,2-HAT over 1,5-HAT. Beginning with single electron transfer from 2-azaallyl anions to N-alkyl N-aryloxy amides, the latter generate amidyl radicals. The amidyl radical undergoes a net-1,2-HAT to generate a C-centered radical that participates in an intermolecular radical-radical coupling with the 2-azaallyl radical to generate 1,2-diamine derivatives. Mechanistic and EPR experiments point to radical intermediates. Density functional theory calculations provide support for a base-assisted, stepwise-1,2-HAT process. It is proposed that the generation of amidyl radicals under basic conditions can be greatly expanded to access α-amino C-centered radicals that will serve as valuable synthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Madeline E. Rotella
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Guogang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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22
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Lu Z, Ju M, Wang Y, Meinhardt JM, Martinez Alvarado JI, Villemure E, Terrett JA, Lin S. Regioselective aliphatic C-H functionalization using frustrated radical pairs. Nature 2023; 619:514-520. [PMID: 37407819 PMCID: PMC10530363 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are well documented for the activation of small molecules such as dihydrogen and carbon dioxide1-4. Although canonical FLP chemistry is heterolytic in nature, recent work has shown that certain FLPs can undergo single-electron transfer to afford radical pairs5. Owing to steric encumbrance and/or weak bonding association, these radicals do not annihilate one another, and they have thus been named frustrated radical pairs (FRPs). Notable preliminary results suggest that FRPs may be useful reagents in chemical synthesis6-8, although their applications remain limited. Here we demonstrate that the functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds can be accomplished using a class of FRPs generated from disilazide donors and an N-oxoammonium acceptor. Together, these species undergo single-electron transfer to generate a transient and persistent radical pair capable of cleaving unactivated C-H bonds to furnish aminoxylated products. By tuning the structure of the donor, it is possible to control regioselectivity and tailor reactivity towards tertiary, secondary or primary C-H bonds. Mechanistic studies lend strong support for the formation and involvement of radical pairs in the target reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Ju
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan M Meinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Elisia Villemure
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Terrett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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23
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Toda Y, Kobayashi T, Hirai F, Yano T, Oikawa M, Sukegawa K, Shimizu M, Ito F, Suga H. Visible-Light-Driven C-H Imidation of Arenes and Heteroarenes by a Phosphonium Ylide Organophotoredox Catalyst: Application to C-H Functionalization of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonium ylide catalysis through an oxidative quenching cycle has been developed for visible-light-driven C-H imidation of arenes and heteroarenes. The present protocol could be applied not only to trihalomethylative lactonization reactions involving trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, and tribromomethyl radicals but also to the first example of an organophotoredox-catalyzed imidative lactonization reaction involving a nitrogen-centered electrophilic radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Toda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Toya Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hirai
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Takamichi Yano
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Makoto Oikawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kimiya Sukegawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimizu
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suga
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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24
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Ren H, Zhang P, Xu J, Ma W, Tu D, Lu CS, Yan H. Direct B-H Functionalization of Icosahedral Carboranes via Hydrogen Atom Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7638-7647. [PMID: 36946888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and selective functionalization of icosahedral carboranes (C2B10H12) at the boron vertexes is a long-standing challenge owing to the presence of 10 inert B-H bonds in a similar chemical environment. Herein, we report a new reaction paradigm for direct B-H functionalization of icosahedral carboranes via B-H homolysis enabled by a nitrogen-centered radical-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategy. Both the HAT process of the carborane B-H bond and the resulting boron-centered carboranyl radical intermediate have been confirmed experimentally. The reaction occurs at the most electron-rich boron vertex with the lowest B-H bond dissociation energy (BDE). Using this strategy, diverse carborane derivatization, including thiolation, selenation, alkynylation, alkenylation, cyanation, and halogenation, have been achieved in satisfactory yields under a photoinitiated condition in a metal-free and redox-neutral fashion. Moreover, the synthetic utility of the current protocol was also demonstrated by both the scale-up reaction and the construction of carborane-based functional molecules. Therefore, this methodology opens a radical pathway to carborane functionalization, which is distinct from the B-H heterolytic mechanism in the traditional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deshuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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25
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Jia X, Tian X, Zhuang D, Wan Z, Gu J, Li Z. Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cross-dehydrogenative C-N Coupling at Room Temperature via Remote Activating Group Enabled Radical Relay Strategy. Org Lett 2023; 25:2012-2017. [PMID: 36944029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Employing N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as a nitrogen-centered radical (NCR) precursor, an intermolecular C(sp2)-N coupling on heteroarenes or substituted benzenes with remote activated aniline derivatives via copper catalyzed N-N radical relay strategy at room temperature is developed. Good to excellent yields are acquired, and no ligand or additive is required. Reaction scope investigation and preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that the remote activating strategy and delicate control on the reactivities of active NCR species are essential to guarantee satisfactory chemo- and site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangmin Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dailin Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhenyang Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiahao Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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26
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Kumar R, Khanna Y, Kaushik P, Kamal R, Khokhar S. Recent Advancements on Metal-Free Vicinal Diamination of Alkenes: Synthetic Strategies and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300017. [PMID: 36869415 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative aminative vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes or related chemical feedstocks has emerged as sustainable and multipurpose strategies that can efficiently construct two -N bonds, and simultaneously prepare the synthetically fascinating molecules and catalysis in organic synthesis that typically required multi-step reactions. This review summarized the impressive breakthroughs on synthetic methodologies (2015-2022) documented especially over inter/intra-molecular vicinal diamination of alkenes with electron-rich or deficient diverse nitrogen sources. These unprecedented strategies predominantly involved iodine-based reagents/catalysts, which resent the interest of organic chemists due to their impressive role as flexible, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly reagents, resulting in a wide variety of synthetically useful organic molecules. Moreover, the information collected also describes the significant role of catalyst, terminal oxidant, substrate scope, synthetic applications, and their unsuccessful results to highlight the limitations. Special emphasis has been given to proposed mechanistic pathways to determine the key factors governing the issues of regioselectivity, enantioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana (INDIA
| | - Yugam Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana (INDIA
| | - Parul Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana (INDIA
| | - Raj Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, INDIA
| | - Shiwani Khokhar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, INDIA
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Guo Q, Lu D, Mao Y, Lu Z. Visible-light promoted intramolecular carboamination of alkynes for the synthesis of oxazolidinone-fused isoquinolinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1979-1982. [PMID: 36722997 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of isoquinolinone derivatives via photopromoted carboamination of alkynes is developed. Starting from the readily available propargyl alcohol derivatives, the polycyclic isoquinolinone derivatives could be obtained with good aryl and heterocycle tolerance. Both terminal and alkyl substituted alkynes could be employed. This protocol is operationally easy, and easily conducted on a gram-scale. A possible mechanism involving radical addition and cyclization following aromatization was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Guo
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Dongpo Lu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yihui Mao
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhan Lu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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28
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Murugesh V, Reddy PR, Singh SP. Photocatalyst-free visible-light triggered amination of benzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole: direct C-N bond formation from C(sp 2)-H bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1034-1037. [PMID: 36602122 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The photoredox amination of arene protocols mostly comprises photocatalyst-mediated transformations. Herein, we presented the photocatalyst-free, visible-light promoted, direct conversion of C(sp2)-H to C(sp2)-N method. Multipurpose benzothiadiazoles are used as model synthons and secondary amines as aminating agents. Mechanistic study reveals that the radical reaction mechanism proceeds through nitrogen-centered radical generation, followed by the addition of arenes, which was demonstrated for the present amination protocol of benzothiadiazole with secondary amines in an atom economical fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Murugesh
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Patlolla Ravinder Reddy
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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30
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Ghosh MK, Sharma KS, Pandey G. Regioselective C(sp 2)-H imidation of arenes by redox neutral visible-light photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:538-550. [PMID: 36537241 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a redox neutral visible light-induced regioselective C(sp2)-H imidation of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes using conceptually designed redox-active 1 as a source of the N-centered imidyl radical. Structurally diverse aromatic imides were obtained in moderate to good yields. This methodology has been successfully employed for the late stage imidation of complex molecules and has also been applied towards the formal total synthesis of the marine natural products carpatamides A, B and D. It has further been shown that the generated imides can easily be converted to the corresponding anilines in situ directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (B. H. U.), Varanasi-221005, U.P., India.
| | - Kumari Swati Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (B. H. U.), Varanasi-221005, U.P., India.
| | - Ganesh Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (B. H. U.), Varanasi-221005, U.P., India.
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31
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Modern Photocatalytic Strategies in Natural Product Synthesis. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 120:1-104. [PMID: 36587307 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11783-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern photocatalysis has proven its generality for the development and functionalization of native functionalities. To date, the field has found broad applications in diverse research areas, including the total synthesis of natural products. This contribution covers recent reports of total syntheses involving as a key step a photocatalytic reaction. Among the selected examples, the photocatalytic processes proceed in a highly chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective manner, thereby allowing the rapid access to structurally complex architectures under light-driven conditions.
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32
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Wan T, Capaldo L, Ravelli D, Vitullo W, de Zwart FJ, de Bruin B, Noël T. Photoinduced Halogen-Atom Transfer by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Ligated Boryl Radicals for C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 145:991-999. [PMID: 36583709 PMCID: PMC9853867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a comprehensive study on the use of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-ligated boryl radicals to enable C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation under visible-light irradiation via Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT). The methodology relies on the use of an acridinium dye to generate the boron-centered radicals from the corresponding NHC-ligated boranes via single-electron transfer (SET) and deprotonation. These boryl radicals subsequently engage with alkyl halides in an XAT step, delivering the desired nucleophilic alkyl radicals. The present XAT strategy is very mild and accommodates a broad scope of alkyl halides, including medicinally relevant compounds and biologically active molecules. The key role of NHC-ligated boryl radicals in the operative reaction mechanism has been elucidated through a combination of experimental, spectroscopic, and computational studies. This methodology stands as a significant advancement in the chemistry of NHC-ligated boryl radicals, which had long been restricted to radical reductions, enabling C-C bond formation under visible-light photoredox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wan
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Walter Vitullo
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands,E-mail:
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33
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Koronatov A, Mauda A, Tumansky B, Kaushansky A, Fridman N, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Gandelman M. Multimodal Reactivity of N-H Bonds in Triazanes and Isolation of a Triazinyl Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23642-23648. [PMID: 36525645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The employment of nitrogen Lewis acids based on nitrenium cations has been increasingly featured in the fields of main group chemistry and catalysis. A formally reduced form of nitrenium D─cyclic triazanes E─are intriguing chemical compounds, the chemistry of which is completely unexplored. In this work, we reveal that N-H-triazanes exhibit unusual N-H bond properties; namely, they can serve as protons, hydrides, or hydrogen atom donors. This unique multimodal reactivity provides an N-cation, N-anion, or N-radical from the same species. It allowed us to isolate, for the first time, a stable naphto[1,2,3]triazinyl radical, which was fully characterized both computationally and experimentally, including its monomeric X-ray structure. Moreover, this radical can be prepared directly from the nitrenium cation by a single electron reduction (E = -0.46 V), and this process is reversible. We envision versatile uses of this radical in synthetic and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Koronatov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Assaf Mauda
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Boris Tumansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dmitry Bravo-Zhivotovskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mark Gandelman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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34
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Huang XK, Li LP, Zhou HY, Xiong MF, Fan JY, Ye BH. Switching the Photoreactions of Ir(III) Diamine Complexes between C-N Coupling and Dehydrogenation under Visible Light Irradiation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20834-20847. [PMID: 36520143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective photoreactions under mild conditions play an important role in synthetic chemistry. Herein, efficient and mild protocols for switching the photoreactions of Ir(III)-diamine complexes between the interligand C-N coupling and dehydrogenation are developed in the presence of O2 in EtOH solution. The photoreactions of achiral diamine complexes rac-[Ir(L)2(dm)](PF6) (L is 2-phenylquinoline or 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)quinoline, dm is 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, 2-methyl-1,2-diamino-propane, or N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine) are competitive in the oxidative C-N coupling and dehydrogenation at room temperature, which can be switched into the interligand C-N coupling reaction at 60 °C, affording hexadentate complexes in good to excellent yields, or the dehydrogenative reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of TEMPO as an additive, affording imine complexes. Mechanism studies reveal that 1O2 is the major reactive oxygen species, and metal aminyl is the key intermediate in the formation of the oxidative C-N coupling and imine products in the photoreaction processes. These will provide a new and practical protocol for the synthesis of multidentate and imine ligands in situ via the postcoordinated strategy under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Feng Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Yan Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
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35
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Tan G, Das M, Kleinmans R, Katzenburg F, Daniliuc C, Glorius F. Energy transfer-enabled unsymmetrical diamination using bifunctional nitrogen-radical precursors. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Qian B, Zhang L, Zhang G, Fu Y, Zhu X, Shen G. Thermodynamic Evaluation on Alkoxyamines of TEMPO Derivatives, Stable Alkoxyamines or Potential Radical Donors? ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐Chen Qian
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Gao‐Shuai Zhang
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hua Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang Henan 455000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Bin Shen
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
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37
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Ogundipe OO, Shoberu A, Xiao M, Zou JP. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Hydrazono-Phosphorylation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15820-15829. [PMID: 36374155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed radical hydrazono-phosphorylation of alkenes with hydrazine derivatives and diarylphosphine oxides is described. The reaction provides a general and convenient method toward the synthesis of diverse β-hydrazonophosphine oxides in satisfactory yields. Based on conducted mechanistic experiments, a mechanism involving Ag-catalyzed oxidative generation of phosphinoyl radicals and subsequent addition to alkenes followed by Cu-assisted hydrazonation is proposed. Moreover, the practicability of the reaction is successfully demonstrated by its successful application on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode Olamiji Ogundipe
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Adedamola Shoberu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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38
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Zhou T, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang H, Yan Q, Wang W, Chen F. Visible-Light-Promoted Xanthate-Transfer Cyclization Reactions of Unactivated Olefins under Photocatalyst- and Additive-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15582-15597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Hang Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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39
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Szabó KF, Goliszewska K, Szurmak J, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Gryko D. Site-Selective, Photocatalytic Vinylogous Amidation of Enones. Org Lett 2022; 24:8120-8124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Franciska Szabó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Goliszewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Szurmak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Bhargava Reddy M, Prasanth K, Neerathilingam N, Anandhan R. Quinazolinones/Benzothiadiazines as Amidyl/Aminyl Radical Precursors for Controlled Cascade Cyclization via Photocatalyzed PCET. Org Lett 2022; 24:8158-8163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kesavan Prasanth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Anandhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, India
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41
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Jiang YS, Liu F, Huang MS, Luo XL, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic Modular Cyanoalkylamination of Alkenes Involving Two Different Iminyl Radicals. Org Lett 2022; 24:8019-8024. [PMID: 36264241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The modular cyanoalkylamination of alkenes using bench-stable and easy-to-handle α-imino-oxy acid oxime esters as difunctional reagents creates new synthetic avenues. A metal-free photosensitization protocol for the installation of both amino and cyanoalkyl functionalities onto alkene feedstocks in a single step via two differently reactive nitrogen-centered radicals was developed via energy-transfer catalysis. Excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions also render this protocol suitable for the cyanoalkylamination of pharmaceutically relevant molecule-derived alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Sha Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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42
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Ogundipe OO, Shoberu A, Zou JP. Copper-Catalyzed Stereoselective Radical Phosphono-hydrazonation of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14555-14564. [PMID: 36264682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed stereoselective phosphono-hydrazonation of terminal alkynes with alkyl carbazates and diarylphosphine oxides is described. This methodology provides facile access to a variety of β-hydrazonophosphine oxides in satisfactory yields. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits good functional group tolerance. A mechanism featuring persulfate-mediated oxidative generation of phosphinoyl radicals and copper-assisted hydrazonation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode Olamiji Ogundipe
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Adedamola Shoberu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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43
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Exploiting photoredox catalysis for carbohydrate modification through C–H and C–C bond activation. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:782-805. [PMID: 37118094 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful synthetic platform for accessing complex chemical structures through non-traditional bond disconnection strategies that proceed through free-radical intermediates. Such synthetic strategies have been used for a range of organic transformations; however, in carbohydrate chemistry they have primarily been applied to the generation of oxocarbenium ion intermediates in the ubiquitous glycosylation reaction. In this Review, we present more intricate light-induced synthetic strategies to modify native carbohydrates through homolytic C-H and C-C bond cleavage. These strategies allow access to glycans and glycoconjugates with profoundly altered carbohydrate skeletons, which are challenging to obtain through conventional synthetic means. Carbohydrate derivatives with such structural motifs represent a broad class of natural products integral to numerous biochemical processes and can be found in active pharmaceutical substances. Here we present progress made in C-H and C-C bond activation of carbohydrates through photoredox catalysis, focusing on the operational mechanisms and the scope of the described methodologies.
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Abstract
A radical shift toward energy transfer photocatalysis from electron transfer photocatalysis under visible-light photoirradiation is often due to the greener prospects of atom and process economy. Recent advances in energy transfer photocatalysis embrace unique strategies for direct small-molecule activation and sometimes extraordinary chemical bond formation in the absence of additional/sacrificial reagents. Selective energy transfer photocatalysis requires careful selection of substrates and photocatalysts for a perfect match with respect to their triplet energies while having incompatible redox potentials to prevent competitive electron transfer pathways. Substrates containing labile N-O bonds are potential targets for generating reactive key intermediates via photocatalysis to access a variety of functionalized molecules. Typically, the differential electron densities of N and O heteroatoms have been exploited for generation of either N- or O-centered radical intermediates from the functionalized substrates by the electron transfer pathway. However, the latest developments involve direct N-O bond homolysis via energy transfer to generate both N- and O-centered radicals for their subsequent utilization in diverse organic transformations, also in the absence of sacrificial redox reagents. In this Account, we highlight our key contributions in the field of N-O bond activation via energy transfer photocatalysis to generate reactive radical intermediates, with coverage of useful mechanistic insights. More specifically, well-designed N-O bond-containing substrates such as 1,2,4-oxadiazolines, oxime esters, N-indolyl carbonates, and N-enoxybenzotriazoles were successfully utilized in versatile transformations involving selective energy transfer over electron transfer from photocatalysts with high triplet state energy. Direct access to reactive N-, O-, and C-centered (if decarboxylation follows) radical intermediates was achieved for diverse cross-couplings and rearrangement processes. In particular, a variety of open-shell nitrogen reactive intermediates, including N(sp2) and N(sp3) radicals and nitrenes, have been utilized. Notably, diversified transformations of identical substrates have been achieved through careful control of the reaction conditions. 1,2,4-Oxadiazolines were converted into spiro-azolactams through iminyl intermediates in the presence of 1O2, benzimidazoles, or sulfoximines with external sulfoxide reagent through triplet nitrene intermediates under inert conditions. Besides, oxime esters underwent either intramolecular C(sp3)-N radical-radical coupling or intermolecular C(sp3)-N radical-radical coupling by a combined energy transfer-hydrogen atom transfer strategy. Furthermore, a series of electrochemical and photophysical experiments as well as computational studies were performed to substantiate the proposed selective energy-transfer-driven reaction pathways. We hope that this Account will serve as a guide for the rational design of selective energy transfer processes through the activation of further labile chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Seul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Vineet Kumar Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
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Hopkins MD, Witt RC, Flusche AME, Philo JE, Ozmer GL, Purser GH, Sheaff RJ, Lamar AA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-alkyl sulfonamides derived from polycyclic hydrocarbon scaffolds using a nitrogen-centered radical approach. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6680-6693. [PMID: 35950721 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons (PH) provide intriguing potential as lipophilic scaffolds within medicinal chemistry, but are currently limited by the availability of synthetic tools for predictable modification of the PH unit. Herein we report the development of new methods for installation of a sulfonamide unit to PH cores. In the first method, a xanthate ester serves as reagent for aminosulfonation using pre-formed imidoiodinane as N-source. An investigation of the reaction mechanism was performed to implicate a process involving a N-centered radical. An additional method for sulfonamide installation is described that involves the use of commercially available reagents and operationally convenient conditions. Using the new synthetic methods, 22 compounds were prepared and screened for biological activity against 6 mammalian cell lines along with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Results of the viability assays have identified compounds that exhibit higher potency than other known anticancer agents such as indisulam and ABT-751. Additionally, the physicochemical and drug-likeness properties of the synthesized compounds have been determined experimentally and using in silico predictive tools. The initial exploration into sulfonamide insertion into PH cores has resulted in a number of compounds that warrant further development to produce molecules with therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Ryan C Witt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Ann Marie E Flusche
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - John E Philo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Garett L Ozmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Gordon H Purser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Robert J Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
| | - Angus A Lamar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74104, USA.
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Wang YZ, Liang PY, Liu HC, Lin WJ, Zhou PP, Yu W. Visible-Light-Driven [3 + 2]/[4 + 2] Annulation Reactions of Alkenes with N-Aminopyridinium Salts. Org Lett 2022; 24:6037-6042. [PMID: 35930310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The annulation reactions of benzoamidyl radicals with alkenes were realized under visible light irradiation with fac-Ir(ppy)3 as catalyst and N-aminopyridinium salts as benzoamidyl radical precursors. The reaction can deliver two distinct types of products: in the case of vinyl arenes, [3 + 2] annulation product dihydrooxazoles were yielded exclusively; when alkyl-substituted alkenes were used, on the other hand, it afforded [4 + 2] annulation product dihydroisoquinolinones. Factors determining the reaction consequence were elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wu-Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Patil DV, Lee Y, Kim HY, Oh K. Visible-Light-Promoted Photoaddition of N-Nitrosopiperidines to Alkynes: Continuous Flow Chemistry Approach to Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine 1-Oxides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5840-5844. [PMID: 35921551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoaddition of N-nitrosopiperidines to terminal alkynes was effected under visible-light irradiation, in which a novel synthetic access to tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 1-oxides was achieved via the dehydrogenative cycloisomerization of β-nitroso enamine intermediates. The decomposition pathways of N-nitrosamines, alkynes, and β-nitroso enamine intermediates were better handled in a continuous flow setting through the diffusion control of chemical species that negatively affected the formation of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 1-oxides under batch reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip V Patil
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yulim Lee
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free intramolecular sp3 C–H oxidation of 2‑alkyl benzamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bifunctional sulfilimines enable synthesis of multiple N-heterocycles from alkenes. Nat Chem 2022; 14:898-904. [PMID: 35871706 PMCID: PMC9359915 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular cyclization of nitrogen-containing molecules onto pendant alkenes is an efficient strategy for the construction of N-heterocycles, which are of paramount importance in, for example, pharmaceuticals and materials. Similar intermolecular cyclization reactions, however, are scarcer for nitrogen building blocks, including N-centred radicals, and divergent and modular versions are not established. Here we report the use of sulfilimines as bifunctional N-radical precursors for cyclization reactions with alkenes to produce N-unprotected heterocycles in a single step through photoredox catalysis. Structurally diverse sulfilimines can be synthesized in a single step, and subsequently engage with alkenes to afford synthetically valuable five-, six- and seven-membered heterocycles. The broad and diverse scope is achievable by a radical-polar crossover annulation enabled by the bifunctional character of the reagents, which distinguishes itself from all other N-centred-radical-based reactions. The modular synthesis of the sulfilimines allows for larger structural diversity of N-heterocycle products than is currently achievable with other single cyclization methods. ![]()
Intermolecular cyclization reactions using nitrogen-containing building blocks are scarce. Now, bifunctional sulfilimines have been shown to enable the modular construction of a diverse range of N-heterocycles by reacting with alkenes in a single photocatalysed step. Both sulfilimines and alkenes are easily accessible, providing access to a wide range of N-heterocycles with different ring types, ring sizes and substituents on the skeleton.
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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