1
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Devos J, Sushkevich VL, Khalil I, Robijns S, de Oliveira-Silva R, Sakellariou D, van Bokhoven J, Dusselier M. Enhancing the Acidity Window of Zeolites by Low-Temperature Template Oxidation with Ozone. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27047-27059. [PMID: 39298277 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Revisiting the impact of the first and often deemed trivial postsynthetic step, i.e., a high-temperature oxidative calcination to remove organic templates, increases our understanding of thermal acid site evolution and Al distributions. An unprecedented degree of control over the acidity of high-silica zeolites (SSZ-13) was achieved by using a low-temperature ozonation approach. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed probe molecules and solid-state NMR spectroscopy reveal the complexity of the thermal evolution of acid sites. Low-temperature activated (ozonated) zeolites maintain the original Brønsted acidity content and high defect content and have virtually no Lewis acidity. They also preserve the "as-made" Al distribution after crystallization and show a clear link between synthesis conditions and divalent cation capacity, as measured with aqueous cobalt ion uptake. The synthesis protocol is found to be the main contributor to Al proximity, yielding record high exchange capacity when ozonated. After conventional calcination at 500-600 °C, however, the presence of water leads to the gradual depletion of Brønsted acid sites, in particular, in small crystals. This work indicates that low-temperature ozonation followed by thermal activation at different temperatures can be used as a novel tool for tuning the amount and nature of acid sites, providing insights into the activity of zeolites in acid-catalyzed reactions, such as CO2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether, and thereby expanding the possibilities of rational acidity tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Devos
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Vitaly L Sushkevich
- Center for Energy and Environment, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Ibrahim Khalil
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Sven Robijns
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo de Oliveira-Silva
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Sakellariou
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Jeroen van Bokhoven
- Center for Energy and Environment, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Michiel Dusselier
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
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2
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Ezenwa S, Gounder R. Advances and challenges in designing active site environments in zeolites for Brønsted acid catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39344420 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc04728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Zeolites contain proton active sites in diverse void environments that stabilize the reactive intermediates and transition states formed in converting hydrocarbons and oxygenates to chemicals and energy carriers. The catalytic diversity that exists among active sites in voids of varying sizes and shapes, even within a given zeolite topology, has motivated research efforts to position and quantify active sites within distinct voids (synthesis-structure) and to link active site environment to catalytic behavior (structure-reactivity). This Feature Article describes advances and challenges in controlling the position of framework Al centers and associated protons within distinct voids during zeolite synthesis or post-synthetic modification, in identifying and quantifying distinct active site environments using characterization techniques, and in determining the influence of active site environments on catalysis. During zeolite synthesis, organic structure directing agents (SDAs) influence Al substitution at distinct lattice positions via intermolecular interactions (e.g., electrostatics, hydrogen bonding) that depend on the size, structure, and charge distribution of organic SDAs and their mobility when confined within zeolitic voids. Complementary post-synthetic strategies to alter intrapore active site distributions include the selective removal of protons by differently-sized titrants or unreactive organic residues and the selective exchange of framework heteroatoms of different reactivities, but remain limited to certain zeolite frameworks. The ability to identify and quantify active sites within distinct intrapore environments depends on the resolution with which a given characterization technique can distinguish Al T-site positions or proton environments in a given zeolite framework. For proton sites in external unconfined environments, various (post-)synthetic strategies exist to control their amounts, with quantitative methods to distinguish them from internal sites that largely depend on using stoichiometric or catalytic probes that only interact with external sites. Protons in different environments influence reactivity by preferentially stabilizing larger transition states over smaller precursor states and influence selectivity by preferentially stabilizing or destabilizing competing transition states of varying sizes that share a common precursor state. We highlight opportunities to address challenges encountered in the design of active site environments in zeolites by closely integrating precise (post-)synthetic methods, validated characterization techniques, well-defined kinetic probes, and properly calibrated theoretical models. Further advances in understanding the molecular details that underlie synthesis-structure-reactivity relationships for active site environments in zeolite catalysis can accelerate the predictive design of tailored zeolites for desired catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopuruchukwu Ezenwa
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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3
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Windeck H, Berger F, Sauer J. Chemically accurate predictions for water adsorption on Brønsted sites of zeolite H-MFI. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23588-23599. [PMID: 39230957 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the adsorption of water molecules in the zeolite H-MFI at isolated Brønsted acid sites (BAS) for loadings of 1, 2, and 3 H2O/BAS. We consider two approaches to the O3Al-O(H)-Si sites: the Brønsted-type approach of H2O to the acidic proton and the Lewis-type approach to the aluminium atom of the AlO4 tetrahedron. From the twelve crystallographically inequivalent framework sites for Al, a representative set of six active site positions is chosen. For them, we calculate CCSD(T)-quality adsorption energies at MP2-quality adsorption structures for different approaches, 48 in total. The Brønsted-type approach is favoured for most cases but the Lewis-type approach has similar stability for some framework positions. We predict heats of adsorption per molecule ranging from 60 to 76, 56 to 65, and 56 to 64 kJ mol-1 for loadings of 1, 2, and 3 H2O/BAS, respectively. For 1 H2O/BAS, the experimental result (70 kJ mol-1) falls into the range of our predictions, whereas for 2 and 3 H2O/BAS, the measured adsorption heats per molecule (74 and 70 kJ mol-1, respectively) are larger than our predictions. For 2 H2O/BAS, the ion-pair structure generated by proton transfer to the water dimer competes with the neutral adsorption complex. The DFT adsorption energies (PBE+D2) deviate significantly from the CCSD(T)-quality reference energies, by up to 25 kJ mol-1 for 1 H2O/BAS, 25 kJ mol-1 per H2O for 2 H2O/BAS, and 18 kJ mol-1 per H2O for 3 H2O/BAS. Specifically, PBE+D2 overstabilises the ion-pair structure, i.e. in many cases the PBE+D2 error is much larger for ionic than for neutral adsorption structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Windeck
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fabian Berger
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry and Charles University Centre of Advanced Materials, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Ezenwa S, Montalvo-Castro H, Hoffman AJ, Locht H, Attebery J, Jan DY, Schmithorst M, Chmelka B, Hibbitts D, Gounder R. Synthetic Placement of Active Sites in MFI Zeolites for Selective Toluene Methylation to para-Xylene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10666-10678. [PMID: 38573868 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Brønsted acidic zeolites are ubiquitous catalysts in fuel and chemical production. Broadening the catalytic diversity of a given zeolite requires strategies to manipulate the acid site placement at framework positions within distinct microporous locations. Here, we combine experiment and theory to elucidate how intermolecular interactions between organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) and framework Al centers influence the placement of H+ sites in distinct void environments of MFI zeolites and demonstrate the catalytic consequences of active site location on kinetically controlled (403 K) toluene methylation to xylene regioisomers. Kinetic measurements, interpreted using mechanism-derived rate expressions and transition state theory, alongside density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that larger intersection environments similarly stabilize all three xylene isomer transition states without altering well-established aromatic substitution patterns (ortho/para/meta ∼ 60%:30%:10%), while smaller channel environments preferentially destabilize transition states that form bulkier ortho- and meta-isomers, thereby resulting in high intrinsic para-xylene selectivity (∼80%). DFT calculations reveal that the flexibility of nonconventional OSDAs (e.g., 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) to reorient within MFI intersections and their ability to hydrogen-bond to form protonated complexes favor the placement of Al in smaller channel environments compared to conventional quaternary OSDAs (e.g., tetra-n-propylammonium). These molecular-level insights establish a mechanistic link between OSDA structure, active site placement, and transition state stability in MFI zeolites and provide active site design strategies that are orthogonal to crystallite design approaches harnessing complex reaction-diffusion phenomena to enhance regioisomer selectivity in the industrial production of valuable polymer precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopuruchukwu Ezenwa
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hansel Montalvo-Castro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Alexander J Hoffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Huston Locht
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Jordan Attebery
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Deng-Yang Jan
- Honeywell UOP, Des Plaines, Illinois 60017, United States
| | - Michael Schmithorst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bradley Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - David Hibbitts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Gabrienko AA, Kvasova ES, Kolokolov DI, Gorbunov DE, Nizovtsev AS, Lashchinskaya ZN, Stepanov AG. Understanding Alkene Interaction with Metal-Modified Zeolites: Thermodynamics and Mechanism of Bonding in the π-Complex. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5083-5097. [PMID: 38453174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Zeolites modified with metal cations are perspective catalysts for converting light alkenes to valuable chemicals. A crucial step of the transformation is an alkene interaction with zeolite to afford π-complex with metal cations. The mechanism of alkene bonding with cations is still unclear. To address this problem, propene adsorption on H+ (Bro̷nsted acid site), Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cu+, and Ag+ cationic sites in ZSM-5 zeolite has been studied by quantum chemical calculations in terms of adsorption enthalpy, νC═C frequency, and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis together with natural energy decomposition analysis (NEDA). It is revealed that the conventional concept of σ- and π-bonding is only partially applicable to alkene interaction with metal cations in zeolites. The orbital interaction between an alkene molecule and a metal site is more complex. Several different bonding mechanisms have been identified depending on the nature and electron configuration of the metal cation. This finding explains the complex correlations observed for propene π-complex stability and νC═C frequency shift or charge transfer from the alkene molecule. The results provide the basis for further understanding the interactions between alkenes and inorganic solid Bro̷nsted and Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Gabrienko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Kvasova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Daniil I Kolokolov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Gorbunov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anton S Nizovtsev
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Zoya N Lashchinskaya
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander G Stepanov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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6
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Lei C, Erlebach A, Brivio F, Grajciar L, Tošner Z, Heard CJ, Nachtigall P. The need for operando modelling of 27Al NMR in zeolites: the effect of temperature, topology and water. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9101-9113. [PMID: 37655014 PMCID: PMC10466278 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid state (ss-) 27Al NMR is one of the most valuable tools for the experimental characterization of zeolites, owing to its high sensitivity and the detailed structural information which can be extracted from the spectra. Unfortunately, the interpretation of ss-NMR is complex and the determination of aluminum distributions remains generally unfeasible. As a result, computational modelling of 27Al ss-NMR spectra has grown increasingly popular as a means to support experimental characterization. However, a number of simplifying assumptions are commonly made in NMR modelling, several of which are not fully justified. In this work, we systematically evaluate the effects of various common models on the prediction of 27Al NMR chemical shifts in zeolites CHA and MOR. We demonstrate the necessity of operando modelling; in particular, taking into account the effects of water loading, temperature and the character of the charge-compensating cation. We observe that conclusions drawn from simple, high symmetry model systems such as CHA do not transfer well to more complex zeolites and can lead to qualitatively wrong interpretations of peak positions, Al assignment and even the number of signals. We use machine learning regression to develop a simple yet robust relationship between chemical shift and local structural parameters in Al-zeolites. This work highlights the need for sophisticated models and high-quality sampling in the field of NMR modelling and provides correlations which allow for the accurate prediction of chemical shifts from dynamical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lei
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Erlebach
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Federico Brivio
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Grajciar
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Tošner
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Christopher J Heard
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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7
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Oishi K, Muraoka K, Nakayama A. Analysis of Al site-directing ability of organic structure-directing agents in FER and CHA zeolites: a computational exploration of energetic preferences. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37376997 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01779f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the control of Al location in zeolites by organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) using atomistic simulations. We examine several zeolite-OSDA complexes to quantify the Al site-directing ability. The results show that OSDAs induce different energetic preferences to direct Al at certain locations. In particular, these effects can be enhanced by OSDAs with N-H moieties. Our findings will be useful for the development of novel OSDAs that can modulate Al site-directing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Oishi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Koki Muraoka
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Akira Nakayama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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8
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Chizallet C, Bouchy C, Larmier K, Pirngruber G. Molecular Views on Mechanisms of Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Zeolites. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6107-6196. [PMID: 36996355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The Brønsted acidity of proton-exchanged zeolites has historically led to the most impactful applications of these materials in heterogeneous catalysis, mainly in the fields of transformations of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Unravelling the mechanisms at the atomic scale of these transformations has been the object of tremendous efforts in the last decades. Such investigations have extended our fundamental knowledge about the respective roles of acidity and confinement in the catalytic properties of proton exchanged zeolites. The emerging concepts are of general relevance at the crossroad of heterogeneous catalysis and molecular chemistry. In the present review, emphasis is given to molecular views on the mechanism of generic transformations catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites of zeolites, combining the information gained from advanced kinetic analysis, in situ, and operando spectroscopies, and quantum chemistry calculations. After reviewing the current knowledge on the nature of the Brønsted acid sites themselves, and the key parameters in catalysis by zeolites, a focus is made on reactions undergone by alkenes, alkanes, aromatic molecules, alcohols, and polyhydroxy molecules. Elementary events of C-C, C-H, and C-O bond breaking and formation are at the core of these reactions. Outlooks are given to take up the future challenges in the field, aiming at getting ever more accurate views on these mechanisms, and as the ultimate goal, to provide rational tools for the design of improved zeolite-based Brønsted acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Christophe Bouchy
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Kim Larmier
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
| | - Gerhard Pirngruber
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, Solaize 69360, France
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9
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Le TT, Qin W, Agarwal A, Nikolopoulos N, Fu D, Patton MD, Weiland C, Bare SR, Palmer JC, Weckhuysen BM, Rimer JD. Elemental zoning enhances mass transport in zeolite catalysts for methanol to hydrocarbons. Nat Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-023-00927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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10
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Al-Nahari S, Dib E, Cammarano C, Saint-Germes E, Massiot D, Sarou-Kanian V, Alonso B. Impact of Mineralizing Agents on Aluminum Distribution and Acidity of ZSM-5 Zeolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217992. [PMID: 36541742 PMCID: PMC10108163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intensive research on improving the catalytic properties of zeolites is focused on modulating their acidity and the distribution of associated Al sites. Herein, by studying a series of ZSM-5 zeolites over a broad range of Al content, we demonstrate how the nature of the mineralizing agent (F- or OH- ) used in hydrothermal syntheses directly impacts Al sites distribution. The proportions of Al sites, probed by 27 Al NMR, depend on the Si/Al ratio for F- , but remain identical for OH- (from Si/Al=30 to 760). This leads to contrasting variations in weak and strong acidities. Such opposite effect of mineralizers is explained by the spatial location of negative charges and the resulting balance between short- and long-range electrostatic interactions. This understanding paves the way for additional and simple opportunities to control zeolites' acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Al-Nahari
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Eddy Dib
- LCS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Claudia Cammarano
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Etienne Saint-Germes
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Bruno Alonso
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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11
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Plessow PN, Studt F. Cooperative Effects of Active Sites in the MTO Process: A Computational Study of the Aromatic Cycle in H-SSZ-13. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp N. Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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12
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Mallette AJ, Hong S, Freeman EE, Saslow SA, Mergelsberg S, Motkuri RK, Neeway JJ, Mpourmpakis G, Rimer JD. Heteroatom Manipulation of Zeolite Crystallization: Stabilizing Zn-FAU against Interzeolite Transformation. JACS AU 2022; 2:2295-2306. [PMID: 36311839 PMCID: PMC9597603 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of metastable zeolites is often restricted to a limited range of synthesis conditions, which is exemplified in commercial syntheses lacking organics to stabilize the crystal structure. In the absence of an organic structure-directing agent, interzeolite transformation is a common phenomenon that can lead to undesirable products or impurities. Many studies have investigated the substitution of Si and Al in zeolite frameworks with alternative elements (heteroatoms) as a means of tailoring the properties of zeolites; however, relatively few studies have systematically explored the impact of heteroatoms on interzeolite transformations and their concomitant effects on zeolite crystallization. In this study, we examine methods to prepare isostructures of faujasite (FAU), which is one of the most commercially relevant zeolites and also a thermodynamically metastable structure. A survey of multivalent elements revealed that zinc is capable of stabilizing FAU at high temperatures and inhibiting its frequent transformation to zeolite gismondine (GIS). Using combined experimental and computational studies, we show that zinc alters the chemical nature of growth mixtures by sequestering silicates. Zinc heteroatoms incorporate in the FAU framework with a loading-dependent coordination. Our collective findings provide an improved understanding of driving forces for the FAU-to-GIS interzeolite transformation where we observe that heteroatoms (e.g., zinc) can stabilize zeolite FAU over a broad range of synthesis conditions. Given the growing interest in heteroatom-substituted zeolites, this approach to preparing zinc-containing FAU may prove applicable to a broader range of zeolite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Mallette
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Sungil Hong
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Emily E. Freeman
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sarah A. Saslow
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Radha K. Motkuri
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - James J. Neeway
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Rimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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13
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Farberow CA, Wegener EC, Kumar A, Miller JH, Dupuis DP, Kim S, Ruddy DA. Connecting cation site location to alkane dehydrogenation activity in Ni/BEA catalysts. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Gao Y, Xian X, Bi Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Dong L, Zhao S. Quantitative analysis of framework Al at channel intersections of HZSM-5 zeolite by toluene adsorption–desorption. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Chen K, Zornes A, Nguyen V, Wang B, Gan Z, Crossley SP, White JL. 17O Labeling Reveals Paired Active Sites in Zeolite Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16916-16929. [PMID: 36044727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current needs for extending zeolite catalysts beyond traditional gas-phase hydrocarbon chemistry demand detailed characterization of active site structures, distributions, and hydrothermal impacts. A broad suite of homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR correlation experiments on dehydrated H-ZSM-5 catalysts with isotopically enriched 17O frameworks reveals that at least two types of paired active sites exist, the amount of which depends on the population of fully framework-coordinated tetrahedral Al (Al(IV)-1) and partially framework-coordinated tetrahedral Al (Al(IV)-2) sites, both of which can be denoted as (SiO)4-n-Al(OH)n. The relative amounts of Al(IV)-1 and Al(IV)-2 sites, and subsequent pairing, cannot be inferred from the catalyst Si/Al ratio, but depend on synthetic and postsynthetic modifications. Correlation experiments demonstrate that, on average, acidic hydroxyl groups from Al(IV)-1/Al(IV)-2 pairs are closer to one another than those from Al(IV)-1/Al(IV)-1 pairs, as supported by computational DFT calculations. Through-bond and through-space polarization transfer experiments exploiting 17O nuclei reveal a number of different acidic hydroxyl groups in varying Si/Al catalysts, the relative amounts of which change following postsynthetic modifications. Using room-temperature isotopic exchange methods, it was determined that 17O was homogeneously incorporated into the zeolite framework, while 17O → 27Al polarization transfer experiments demonstrated that 17O incorporation does not occur for extra-framework AlnOm species. Data from samples exposed to controlled hydrolysis indicates that nearest neighbor Al pairs in the framework are more susceptible to hydrolytic attack. The data reported here suggest that Al(IV)-1/Al(IV)-2 paired sites are synergistic sites leading to increased reactivity in both low- and high-temperature reactions. No evidence was found for paired framework/nonframework sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuizhi Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Anya Zornes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Vy Nguyen
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Steven P Crossley
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jeffery L White
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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16
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Bernardo‐Maestro B, Li J, Pérez‐Pariente J, López‐Arbeloa F, Gómez‐Hortigüela L. Driving the Active Site Incorporation in Zeolitic Materials via the Organic Structure-Directing Agent Through Development of H-Bonds with Hydroxyl Groups. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200702. [PMID: 35510690 PMCID: PMC9400953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
(1S,2S)-N-methyl-pseudoephedrine (MPS) was used as organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) for the synthesis of Mg-doped nanoporous aluminophosphates. This molecule displays a particular conformational behavior, where the presence of H-bond donor and acceptor groups provide a rigid conformational space with one asymmetric conformation preferentially occurring. MPS drives the crystallization of Mg-containing AFI materials. Characterization of these materials shows that the OSDA incorporate as protonated species, arranged as head-to-tail monomers. Combination of three-dimensional electron diffraction with high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction allowed to locate both the Mg and the organic species. Interestingly, results showed that the spatial incorporation of Mg is driven by the hydroxyl groups of the organic cation through the development of H-bonds with negatively-charged MgO4 tetrahedra. This work demonstrates that H-bond forming groups can be used to drive the spatial incorporation of low-valent dopants within zeolitic frameworks, a highly desired aim in order to control their catalytic activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bernardo‐Maestro
- Molecular Sieves GroupInstituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSICC/ Marie Curie 228049. MadridSpain
| | - Jian Li
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous MaterialsDepartment of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholm10691Sweden
| | - Joaquín Pérez‐Pariente
- Molecular Sieves GroupInstituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSICC/ Marie Curie 228049. MadridSpain
| | | | - Luis Gómez‐Hortigüela
- Molecular Sieves GroupInstituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, ICP-CSICC/ Marie Curie 228049. MadridSpain
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17
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Liu Z, Chen R, Wang ST, Liu YJ, Fang WH, Zhang J. Synthesis, Structures and Optical Limiting of Catecholato‐based Aluminum Oxo Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranqi Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - San-Tai Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wei-Hui Fang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry YangQiao Road 155 350002 Fuzhou CHINA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry CHINA
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18
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Felvey N, Guo J, Rana R, Xu L, Bare SR, Gates BC, Katz A, Kulkarni AR, Runnebaum RC, Kronawitter CX. Interconversion of Atomically Dispersed Platinum Cations and Platinum Clusters in Zeolite ZSM-5 and Formation of Platinum gem-Dicarbonyls. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13874-13887. [PMID: 35854402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Catalysts composed of platinum dispersed on zeolite supports are widely applied in industry, and coking and sintering of platinum during operation under reactive conditions require their oxidative regeneration, with the platinum cycling between clusters and cations. The intermediate platinum species have remained only incompletely understood. Here, we report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the structure, bonding, and local environment of cationic platinum species in zeolite ZSM-5, which are key intermediates in this cycling. Upon exposure of platinum clusters to O2 at 700 °C, oxidative fragmentation occurs, and Pt2+ ions are stabilized at six-membered rings in the zeolite that contain paired aluminum sites. When exposed to CO under mild conditions, these Pt2+ ions form highly uniform platinum gem-dicarbonyls, which can be converted in H2 to Ptδ+ monocarbonyls. This conversion, which weakens the platinum-zeolite bonding, is a first step toward platinum migration and aggregation into clusters. X-ray absorption and infrared spectra provide evidence of the reductive and oxidative transformations in various gas environments. The chemistry is general, as shown by the observation of platinum gem-dicarbonyls in several commercially used zeolites (ZSM-5, Beta, mordenite, and Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Felvey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rachita Rana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon R Bare
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Bruce C Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexander Katz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ambarish R Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ron C Runnebaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Coleman X Kronawitter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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19
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Tang X, Chen W, Dong W, Liu Z, Yuan J, Xia H, Yi X, Zheng A. Framework aluminum distribution in ZSM-5 zeolite directed by organic structure-directing agents: a theoretical investigation. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Liu R, Fan B, Zhang W, Wang L, Qi L, Wang Y, Xu S, Yu Z, Wei Y, Liu Z. Increasing the Number of Aluminum Atoms in T 3 Sites of a Mordenite Zeolite by Low-Pressure SiCl 4 Treatment to Catalyze Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116990. [PMID: 35192218 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the location of aluminum atoms in a zeolite framework is critical for understanding structure-performance relationships of catalytic reaction systems and tailoring catalyst design. Herein, we report a strategy to preferentially relocate mordenite (MOR) framework Al atoms into the desired T3 sites by low-pressure SiCl4 treatment (LPST). High-field 27 Al NMR was used to identify the exact location of framework Al for the MOR samples. The results indicate that 73 % of the framework Al atoms were at the T3 sites after LPST under optimal conditions, which leads to controllably generating and intensifying active sites in MOR zeolite for the dimethyl ether (DME) carbonylation reaction with higher methyl acetate (MA) selectivity and much longer lifetime (25 times). Further research reveals that the Al relocation mechanism involves simultaneous extraction, migration, and reinsertion of Al atoms from and into the parent MOR framework. This unique method is potentially applicable to other zeolites to control Al location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Benhan Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linying Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liang Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhengxi Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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21
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Liu R, Zeng S, Sun T, Xu S, Yu Z, Wei Y, Liu Z. Selective Removal of Acid Sites in Mordenite Zeolite by Trimethylchlorosilane Silylation to Improve Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation Stability. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tantan Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengxi Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Liu R, Fan B, Zhang W, Wang L, Qi L, Wang Y, Xu S, Yu Z, Wei Y, Liu Z. Increasing the Number of Aluminum Atoms in T
3
Sites of a Mordenite Zeolite by Low‐Pressure SiCl
4
Treatment to Catalyze Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Benhan Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Linying Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Liang Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yingli Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhengxi Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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23
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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24
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Salvadori E, Fusco E, Chiesa M. Long-Range Spatial Distribution of Single Aluminum Sites in Zeolites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1283-1289. [PMID: 35099984 PMCID: PMC8842299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
How aluminum distributes during synthesis and rearranges after processing within the zeolite framework is a central question in heterogeneous catalysis, as it determines the structure and location of the catalytically active sites of the one of the most important classes of industrial catalysts. Here, exploiting the dipolar interaction between paramagnetic metal ions, we derive the spatial distribution of single aluminum sites within the ZSM-5 zeolite framework in the nanometer range, in polycrystalline samples lacking long-range order. We use a Monte Carlo approach to validate the findings on a pristine ZSM-5 sample and demonstrate that the method is sensitive enough to monitor aluminum redistribution induced in the framework by chemical stress.
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25
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Rhoda HM, Heyer AJ, Snyder BER, Plessers D, Bols ML, Schoonheydt RA, Sels BF, Solomon EI. Second-Sphere Lattice Effects in Copper and Iron Zeolite Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12207-12243. [PMID: 35077641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-exchanged zeolites perform remarkable chemical reactions from low-temperature methane to methanol oxidation to selective reduction of NOx pollutants. As with metalloenzymes, metallozeolites have impressive reactivities that are controlled in part by interactions outside the immediate coordination sphere. These second-sphere effects include activating a metal site through enforcing an "entatic" state, controlling binding and access to the metal site with pockets and channels, and directing radical rebound vs cage escape. This review explores these effects with emphasis placed on but not limited to the selective oxidation of methane to methanol with a focus on copper and iron active sites, although other transition-metal-ion zeolite reactions are also explored. While the actual active-site geometric and electronic structures are different in the copper and iron metallozeolites compared to the metalloenzymes, their second-sphere interactions with the lattice or the protein environments are found to have strong parallels that contribute to their high activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alexander J Heyer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Benjamin E R Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max L Bols
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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26
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Yuan Y, Lobo RF, Xu B. Ga2O22+ Stabilized by Paired Framework Al Atoms in MFI: A Highly Reactive Site in Nonoxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yuan
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Raul F. Lobo
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Bok T, Andriako E, Knyazeva EE, Ivanova II. Effect of crystallization mechanism on zeolite BEA textural and acidic properties. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two zeolite BEA catalysts have been synthesized via alternative mechanistic pathways involving solution-mediated transportation and solid-solid hydrogel rearrangement. In the synthetic procedures selected, the composition of starting reaction mixtures and...
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28
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Ma Y, Wang L, Chen L, Shen M, Yang X, Wang T, yuan F, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhu H. Anchoring Boron Atom to the Specific Tetrahedral Sites of Borosilicate MFI by Imidazolium-based Molecules. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01686e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulating heteroatom substituted tetrahedral sites (T sites) within a zeolite crystal significantly influences the zeolite properties. Herein, the as-synthesized MFI zeolite with tailored boron location at various T sites is...
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29
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Chen K, Hua ZY, Zhao JL, Redshaw C, Tao Z. Construction of cucurbit[n]uril-based supramolecular frameworks via host-guest inclusion and functional properties thereof. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Frameworks utilizing cucurbit[n]uril-based chemistry build on the rapid developments in the fields of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs), and as porous materials have found...
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30
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Dokania A, Ould-Chikh S, Ramirez A, Cerrillo JL, Aguilar A, Russkikh A, Alkhalaf A, Hita I, Bavykina A, Shterk G, Wehbe N, Prat A, Lahera E, Castaño P, Fonda E, Hazemann JL, Gascon J. Designing a Multifunctional Catalyst for the Direct Production of Gasoline-Range Isoparaffins from CO 2. JACS AU 2021; 1:1961-1974. [PMID: 34841412 PMCID: PMC8611669 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of carbon-neutral fuels from CO2 presents an avenue for causing an appreciable effect in terms of volume toward the mitigation of global carbon emissions. To that end, the production of isoparaffin-rich fuels is highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate the potential of a multifunctional catalyst combination, consisting of a methanol producer (InCo) and a Zn-modified zeolite beta, which produces a mostly isoparaffinic hydrocarbon mixture from CO2 (up to ∼85% isoparaffin selectivity among hydrocarbons) at a CO2 conversion of >15%. The catalyst combination was thoroughly characterized via an extensive complement of techniques. Specifically, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that Zn (which plays a crucial role of providing a hydrogenating function, improving the stability of the overall catalyst combination and isomerization performance) is likely present in the form of Zn6O6 clusters within the zeolite component, in contrast to previously reported estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Dokania
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Ould-Chikh
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian Ramirez
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose Luis Cerrillo
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Aguilar
- Institut
Neel, UPR 2940 CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Artem Russkikh
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alkhalaf
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Idoia Hita
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anastasiya Bavykina
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Genrikh Shterk
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimer Wehbe
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratories, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alain Prat
- Institut
Neel, UPR 2940 CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Lahera
- OSUG,
UMS 832 CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Pedro Castaño
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emiliano Fonda
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’orme des Merisiers, BP 48 Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Louis Hazemann
- Institut
Neel, UPR 2940 CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jorge Gascon
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Jung HS, Zafar F, Wang X, Nguyen TX, Hong CH, Hur YG, Choung JW, Park MJ, Bae JW. Morphology Effects of Ferrierite on Bifunctional Cu–ZnO–Al 2O 3/Ferrierite for Direct Syngas Conversion to Dimethyl Ether. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Faisal Zafar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Xuan Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hwan Hong
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gul Hur
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choung
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-June Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Bae
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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32
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Le TT, Shilpa K, Lee C, Han S, Weiland C, Bare SR, Dauenhauer PJ, Rimer JD. Core-shell and egg-shell zeolite catalysts for enhanced hydrocarbon processing. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Ramirez A, Gong X, Caglayan M, Nastase SAF, Abou-Hamad E, Gevers L, Cavallo L, Dutta Chowdhury A, Gascon J. Selectivity descriptors for the direct hydrogenation of CO 2 to hydrocarbons during zeolite-mediated bifunctional catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5914. [PMID: 34625554 PMCID: PMC8501036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cascade processes are gaining momentum in heterogeneous catalysis. The combination of several catalytic solids within one reactor has shown great promise for the one-step valorization of C1-feedstocks. The combination of metal-based catalysts and zeolites in the gas phase hydrogenation of CO2 leads to a large degree of product selectivity control, defined mainly by zeolites. However, a great deal of mechanistic understanding remains unclear: metal-based catalysts usually lead to complex product compositions that may result in unexpected zeolite reactivity. Here we present an in-depth multivariate analysis of the chemistry involved in eight different zeolite topologies when combined with a highly active Fe-based catalyst in the hydrogenation of CO2 to olefins, aromatics, and paraffins. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy and computational analysis demonstrate that the hybrid nature of the active zeolite catalyst and its preferred CO2-derived reaction intermediates (CO/ester/ketone/hydrocarbons, i.e., inorganic-organic supramolecular reactive centers), along with 10 MR-zeolite topology, act as descriptors governing the ultimate product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ramirez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuan Gong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Mustafa Caglayan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan-Adrian F Nastase
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- Imaging and Characterization Department, KAUST Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lieven Gevers
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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34
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Wang Z, Chu W, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Chen H, Xiao D, Gong K, Li F, Li X, Hou G. The Role of Organic and Inorganic Structure-Directing Agents in Selective Al Substitution of Zeolite. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9398-9406. [PMID: 34553943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic and inorganic structure-directing agents (SDAs) impact Al distributions in zeolite, but the insights into how SDAs manipulate Al distribution have not been elucidated yet. Herein, the roles of different SDAs such as cyclohexylamine (CHA), hexamethylenimine (HMI), and Na+ in selective Al substitution of MCM-49 zeolite are investigated comprehensively by multinuclear solid-state NMR. The results demonstrate that MCM-49 synthesized with HMI shows relatively more T6 and T7 Al, while more T2 Al is observed using CHA. The formation of T2 Al in both MCM-49(HMI) and MCM-49(CHA) is derived from Na+, while protonated HMIs show bias in incorporation of T6 and T7 Al. Most HMIs are occluded in protonated status, and about half of CHAs are occluded in nonprotonated status. The close spatial proximity between nonprotonated CHAs and Na+ synergistically promotes the formation of zeolite structure, leading to more Na+ ions occluded in the zeolite channel with preferential T2 Al substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhengmao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ke Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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35
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Nastase SAF, Logsdail AJ, Catlow CRA. QM/MM study of the reactivity of zeolite bound methoxy and carbene groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17634-17644. [PMID: 34369957 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) is known to occur via an autocatalytic process in zeolites, where framework-bound methoxy species play a pivotal role, especially during catalyst induction. Recent NMR and FT-IR experimental studies suggest that methoxylated zeolites are able to produce hydrocarbons by a mechanism involving carbene migration and association. In order to understand these observations, we have performed QM/MM computational investigations on a range of reaction mechanisms for the reaction of zeolite bound methoxy and carbene groups, which are proposed to initiate hydrocarbon formation in the MTH process. Our simulations demonstrate that it is kinetically unfavourable for methyl species to form on the framework away from the zeolite acid site, and both kinetically and thermodynamically unfavourable for methyl groups to migrate through the framework and aggregate around an acid site. Formation of carbene moieties was considered as an alternative pathway to the formation of C-C bonds; however, the reaction energy for conversion of a methyl to a carbene is unfavourable. Metadynamics simulations help confirm further that methyl species at the framework acid sites would be more reactive towards formed C2+ species, rather than inter-framework migration, and that the role of carbenes in the formation of the first C-C bond will be via a concerted type of mechanism rather than stepwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A F Nastase
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, UK.
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36
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Omojola T, van Veen AC. Mechanistic insights into the conversion of dimethyl ether over ZSM-5 catalysts: A combined temperature-programmed surface reaction and microkinetic modelling study. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Huang Y, Gao R, Liu M, Chen L, Ni X, Xiao X, Cong H, Zhu Q, Chen K, Tao Z. Cucurbit[
n
]uril‐Based Supramolecular Frameworks Assembled through Outer‐Surface Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
| | - Rui‐Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
| | - Li‐Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
| | - Xin‐Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
| | - Hang Cong
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
| | - Qian‐Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology 210044 Nanjing China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang China
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38
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Wang S, Li Z, Qin Z, Dong M, Li J, Fan W, Wang J. Catalytic roles of the acid sites in different pore channels of H-ZSM-5 zeolite for methanol-to-olefins conversion. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Developing quantitative synthesis-structure-function relations for framework aluminum arrangement effects in zeolite acid catalysis. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Kostetskyy P, Koninckx E, Broadbelt LJ. Probing Monomer and Dimer Adsorption Trends in the MFI Framework. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7199-7212. [PMID: 34165314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porous aluminosilicates such as zeolites are ubiquitous catalysts for the production of high-value and industrially relevant commodity chemicals, including the conversion of hydrocarbons, amines, alcohols, and others. Bimolecular reactions are an important subclass of reactions that can occur on Brønsted acid sites of a zeolite catalyst. Kinetic modeling of these systems at the process scale requires the interaction energetics of reactants and the active sites to be described accurately. It is generally known that adsorption is a coverage-dependent phenomenon, with lower heats of adsorption observed for molecules at higher coverage. However, few studies have systematically investigated the coadsorption of molecules on a single active site, specifically focusing on the strength of interaction of the second adsorbate after the initial adsorption step. In this work, we quantify the unimolecular and bimolecular adsorption energies of varying adsorbates, including paraffins, olefins, alcohols, amines, and noncondensible gases in the acidic and siliceous ZSM-5 frameworks. As a special case, olefin adsorption was examined for physisorption and chemisorption regimes, characterized by π-complex, framework alkoxide and carbenium ion adsorption, respectively. The effects of functional groups and molecular size were quantified, and correlations that relate the adsorption of the second adsorbate identity to that of the first adsorbate are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Kostetskyy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Elsa Koninckx
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Linda J Broadbelt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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41
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Li T, Shoinkhorova T, Gascon J, Ruiz-Martínez J. Aromatics Production via Methanol-Mediated Transformation Routes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tuiana Shoinkhorova
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorge Gascon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martínez
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Recent progress on Al distribution over zeolite frameworks: Linking theories and experiments. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Pfriem N, Hintermeier PH, Eckstein S, Kim S, Liu Q, Shi H, Milakovic L, Liu Y, Haller GL, Baráth E, Liu Y, Lercher JA. Role of the ionic environment in enhancing the activity of reacting molecules in zeolite pores. Science 2021; 372:952-957. [PMID: 33958482 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring the molecular environment around catalytically active sites allows for the enhancement of catalytic reactivity through a hitherto unexplored pathway. In zeolites, the presence of water creates an ionic environment via the formation of hydrated hydronium ions and the negatively charged framework aluminum tetrahedra. The high density of cation-anion pairs determined by the aluminum concentration of a zeolite induces a high local ionic strength that increases the excess chemical potential of sorbed and uncharged organic reactants. Charged transition states (carbocations for example) are stabilized, which reduces the energy barrier and leads to higher reaction rates. Using the intramolecular dehydration of cyclohexanol on H-MFI zeolites in water, we quantitatively show an enhancement of the reaction rate by the presence of high ionic strength as well as show potential limitations of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Pfriem
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter H Hintermeier
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckstein
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.,Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lara Milakovic
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Yuanshuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.,Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Laoshan District, Qingdao, China
| | - Gary L Haller
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Johannes A Lercher
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany. .,Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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44
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Jensen Z, Kwon S, Schwalbe-Koda D, Paris C, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Román-Leshkov Y, Corma A, Moliner M, Olivetti EA. Discovering Relationships between OSDAs and Zeolites through Data Mining and Generative Neural Networks. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:858-867. [PMID: 34079901 PMCID: PMC8161479 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) play a crucial role in the synthesis of micro- and mesoporous materials especially in the case of zeolites. Despite the wide use of OSDAs, their interaction with zeolite frameworks is poorly understood, with researchers relying on synthesis heuristics or computationally expensive techniques to predict whether an organic molecule can act as an OSDA for a certain zeolite. In this paper, we undertake a data-driven approach to unearth generalized OSDA-zeolite relationships using a comprehensive database comprising of 5,663 synthesis routes for porous materials. To generate this comprehensive database, we use natural language processing and text mining techniques to extract OSDAs, zeolite phases, and gel chemistry from the scientific literature published between 1966 and 2020. Through structural featurization of the OSDAs using weighted holistic invariant molecular (WHIM) descriptors, we relate OSDAs described in the literature to different types of cage-based, small-pore zeolites. Lastly, we adapt a generative neural network capable of suggesting new molecules as potential OSDAs for a given zeolite structure and gel chemistry. We apply this model to CHA and SFW zeolites generating several alternative OSDA candidates to those currently used in practice. These molecules are further vetted with molecular mechanics simulations to show the model generates physically meaningful predictions. Our model can automatically explore the OSDA space, reducing the amount of simulation or experimentation needed to find new OSDA candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Jensen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Soonhyoung Kwon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel Schwalbe-Koda
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cecilia Paris
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Universitat
Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Universitat
Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Moliner
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química, Universitat
Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elsa A. Olivetti
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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45
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Schwalbe-Koda D, Gómez-Bombarelli R. Benchmarking binding energy calculations for organic structure-directing agents in pure-silica zeolites. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:174109. [PMID: 34241075 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular modeling plays an important role in the discovery of organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) for zeolites. By quantifying the intensity of host-guest interactions, it is possible to select cost-effective molecules that maximize binding toward a given zeolite framework. Over the last few decades, a variety of methods and levels of theory have been used to calculate these binding energies. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the best calculation strategy for high-throughput virtual screening undertakings. In this work, we compare binding affinities from density functional theory (DFT) and Dreiding force field calculations for 272 zeolite-OSDA pairs obtained from static and time-averaged simulations. Enabled by automation software, we show that Dreiding binding energies from the frozen pose method correlate best with DFT energies. They are also less sensitive to the choice of initial lattice parameters and optimization algorithms, as well as less computationally expensive than their time-averaged counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a broader exploration of the conformation space from molecular dynamics simulations does not provide significant improvements in binding energy trends over the frozen pose method despite being orders of magnitude more expensive. The code and benchmark data are open-sourced and provide robust and computationally efficient guidelines to calculating binding energies in zeolite-OSDA pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schwalbe-Koda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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46
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Chen K, Gan Z, Horstmeier S, White JL. Distribution of Aluminum Species in Zeolite Catalysts: 27Al NMR of Framework, Partially-Coordinated Framework, and Non-Framework Moieties. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6669-6680. [PMID: 33881305 PMCID: PMC8212420 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The structure of aluminum-containing moieties in and within zeolite H-ZSM-5 catalysts is a complex function of the elemental composition of the catalyst, synthesis conditions, exposure to moisture, and thermal history. 27Al NMR data collected at field strengths ranging from 7.05 to 35.2 T, i.e., 1H Larmor frequencies from 300 to 1500 MHz, reveal that Al primarily exists as framework or partially coordinated framework species in commercially available dehydrated H-ZSM-5 catalysts with Si/Al ranging from 11.5 to 40. Quantitative direct-excitation and sensitivity-enhanced 27Al NMR techniques applied over the wide range of magnetic field strengths used in this study show that prior to significant hydrothermal exposure, detectable amounts of nonframework Al species do not exist. Two-dimensional 27Al multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) along with 1H-27Al and 29Si-27Al dipolar correlation (D-HMQC) NMR experiments confirm this conclusion and show that generation of nonframework species following varying severities of hydrothermal exposure are clearly resolved from partially coordinated framework sites. The impact of hydration on the appearance and interpretation of conventional direct-excitation 27Al spectra, commonly used to assess framework and nonframework Al, is discussed. Aluminum sites in dehydrated catalysts, which are representative of typical operating conditions, are characterized by large quadrupole interactions and are best assigned by obtaining data at multiple field strengths. On the basis of the results here, an accurate initial assessment of Al sites in high-Al content MFI catalysts prior to any hydrothermal treatment can be used to guide reaction conditions, anticipate potential water impacts, and identify contributions from hydroxyl groups other than those associated with the framework bridging acid site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuizhi Chen
- author to whom correspondence should be addressed: ;
| | | | | | - Jeffery L. White
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
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Krishna SH, Jones CB, Gounder R. Dynamic Interconversion of Metal Active Site Ensembles in Zeolite Catalysis. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:115-136. [PMID: 33826852 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis science is founded on understanding the structure, number, and reactivity of active sites. Kinetic models that consider active sites to be static and noninteracting entities are routinely successful in describing the behavior of heterogeneous catalysts. Yet, active site ensembles often restructure in response to their external environment and even during steady-state catalytic turnover, sometimes requiring non-mean-field kinetic treatments to describe distance-dependent interactions among sites. Such behavior is being recognized more frequently in modern catalysis research, with the advent of experimental methods to quantify turnover rates with increasing precision, an expanding arsenal of operando characterization tools, and computational descriptions of atomic structure and motion at chemical potentials and timescales increasingly relevant to reaction conditions. This review focuses on dynamic changes to metal active site ensembles on zeolite supports, which are silica-based crystalline materials substituted with Al that generate binding sites for isolated and low-nuclearity metal site ensembles. Metal sites can become solvated and mobilized during reaction, facilitating interactions among sites that change their nuclearity and function. Such intersite communication can be regulated by the zeolite support, resulting in non-single-site and potentially non-mean-field kinetic behavior arising from mechanisms of catalytic action that combine elements of those canonically associated with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.We discuss recent literature examples that document dynamic active site behavior in metal-zeolites and outline methodologies to identify and interpret such behavior. We conclude with our outlook on future research directions to develop this evolving branch of catalysis science and harness it for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth H Krishna
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Casey B Jones
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
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Kester PM, Crum JT, Li S, Schneider WF, Gounder R. Effects of Brønsted acid site proximity in chabazite zeolites on OH infrared spectra and protolytic propane cracking kinetics. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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49
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Fant M, Ångqvist M, Hellman A, Erhart P. To Every Rule There is an Exception: A Rational Extension of Loewenstein's Rule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5132-5135. [PMID: 33315307 PMCID: PMC7986852 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Loewenstein's rule, which states that Al-O-Al motifs are energetically unstable, is fundamental to the understanding and design of zeolites. Here, using a combination of electronic structure calculations and lattice models, we show under which circumstances this rule becomes invalid and how it can be rationally extended using the chabasite framework for demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Fant
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ångqvist
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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50
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Fant M, Ångqvist M, Hellman A, Erhart P. To Every Rule There is an Exception: A Rational Extension of Loewenstein's Rule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Fant
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Mattias Ångqvist
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
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