1
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Xu E, Xie F, Liu T, He J, Zhang Y. Photocatalytic, Oxidative Cleavage of C-C Bond in Lignin Models and Native Lignin. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304209. [PMID: 38372165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
It is challenging to realize the selective C-C bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 linkages for production of high-value aromatic chemicals due to its intrinsic inertness and complex structure. Here we report a light-driven, chlorine-radical-based protocol to realize the oxidative C-C bond cleavage in various lignin model compounds catalyzed by commercially available TPT and CaCl2, achieving high conversion and good to high product yields at room temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the preferential activation of Cβ-H bond facilitates the oxidation and C-C bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model via chlorine radical. Furthermore, this method is also applicable to the depolymerization of natural lignin extracts, furnishing the aromatic oxygenates from the cleavage of Cα-Cβ bonds. This study provides experimental foundations to the depolymerization and valorization of lignin into high value-added aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fuyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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2
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Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Meng Q, Chen B, Song J, Liu H, Han B. Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of C(OH)-C Bonds to Produce Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Cu I -1,10-phenanthroline Complex. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300373. [PMID: 37258454 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective cleavage and functionalization of C(OH)-C bonds is of great importance for the production of value-added chemicals from renewable biomass resources such as carbohydrates, lignin and their derivatives. The efficiency and selectivity of oxidative cleavage of C(OH)-C bonds are hindered by their inert nature and various side reactions associated with the hydroxyl group. The oxidative conversion of secondary alcohols to produce aldehydes is particularly challenging because the generated aldehydes tend to be over-oxidized to acids or the other side products. Noble-metal based catalysts are necessary to get satisfactory aldehyde yields. Herein, for the first time, the efficient aerobic oxidative conversion of secondary aromatic alcohols into aromatic aldehydes is reported using non-noble metal catalysts and environmentally benign oxygen, without any additional base. It was found that CuI -1,10-phenanthroline (Cu-phen) complex showed outstanding performance for the reactions. The C(OH)-C bonds of a diverse array of aromatic secondary alcohols were effectively cleaved and functionalized, selectively affording aldehydes with excellent yields. Detailed mechanism study revealed a radical mediated pathway for the oxidative reaction. We believe that the findings in this work will lead to many explorations in non-noble metal catalyzed oxidative reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhanrong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bingfeng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Ji N, Alemayehu A, Li H, Ri P, Diao X. Enhanced demethylation of aromatic ether to phenol over NiAl hydrotalcite-derived nickel sulfide catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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4
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Pazhavelikkakath Purushothaman RK, van Erven G, van Es DS, Rohrbach L, Frissen AE, van Haveren J, Gosselink RJA. New insights into the base catalyzed depolymerization of technical lignins: a systematic comparison. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4898-4909. [PMID: 36762076 PMCID: PMC9906982 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A first systematic approach on the base catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of five technical lignins derived from various botanical origins (herbaceous, hardwood and softwood) and covering the main three industrial pulping methods (soda, kraft and organosolv) is reported. This study provides a first of its kind in-depth quantification and structural characterization of two main BCD fractions namely lignin oil and lignin residue, describing the influence of the BCD process conditions. Depolymerization is evaluated in terms of lignin conversion, lignin oil yield, phenolic monomer selectivity and the production of lignin residue and char. Lignin oils were extensively characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), GC-MS, GC-FID, 13C-NMR, HSQC NMR and elemental analysis. GC × GC-FID was used to identify and quantify distinct groups of monomeric compounds (methoxy phenols, phenols, dihydroxy-benzenes) in the lignin oil. The lignin oil yields (w/w) ranged from 20-31% with total monomer contents ranging from 48 to 57% w/w. SEC analysis indicated the presence of dimers/oligomers in the lignin oil, which through HSQC NMR analysis were confirmed to contain new, non-native interunit linkages. 13C NMR analyses of the lignin oils suggest the presence of diaryl type linkages (i.e. aryl-aryl, aryl C-O) evidencing deconstruction and recombination of lignin fragments during BCD. Irrespective of the lignin source, a residue, often regarded as 'unreacted' residual lignin was the main product of BCD (43 to 70% w/w). Our study highlights that this residue has different structural properties and should not be considered as unreacted lignin, but rather as an alkali soluble condensed aromatic material. HSQC, DEPT-135, 13C, and 31P NMR and SEC analyses confirm that the BCD residues are indeed more condensed, with increased phenolic hydroxyl content and lower molecular weights compared to all feed lignins. Subsequent BCD of solid residual fractions produced only low oil yields (6-9% w/w) with lower phenolic monomer yields (4% w/w) compared to original lignin, confirming the significantly more recalcitrant structure. Our study improves the overall understanding of the BCD process, highlights important feedstock-dependent outcomes and ultimately contributes to the complete valorization of BCD-derived lignin streams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands .,Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Daan S. van Es
- Wageningen Food & Biobased ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Léon Rohrbach
- Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, ENTEG, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Augustinus E. Frissen
- Wageningen Food & Biobased ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Haveren
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands
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5
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Murnaghan CJ, Skillen N, Hackett B, Lafferty J, Robertson PKJ, Sheldrake GN. Toward the Photocatalytic Valorization of Lignin: Conversion of a Model Lignin Hexamer with Multiple Functionalities. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:12107-12116. [PMID: 36161097 PMCID: PMC9490757 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of biomass via photocatalysis is an area of expanding research with advances in new technologies and materials with a view toward enhanced sustainability being reported. A significant challenge within this field, however, is understanding the impact photocatalysis has on more recalcitrant compounds present in biomass, such as lignin. Moreover, the current state of lignin model compound research is still largely focused on the breakdown of small models containing typically only one linkage. Described herein is the use of TiO2-mediated photocatalysis for the degradation of a representative hexameric lignin model compound which contains multiple linkages (e.g., 5-5', β-5, and β-O-4). The results revealed that while cleavage of the β-5 and β-O-4 occurred, the 5-5' appeared to remain intact within the identified reaction intermediates. To understand some of the more fundamental questions, a dimeric compound with a biphenyl linkage was synthesized and studied under photocatalytic conditions. The proposal of intermediates and pathways of degradation based on the studies conducted is presented and discussed herein.
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6
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Abstract
Originating from the desire to improve sustainability, producing fuels and chemicals from the conversion of biomass and waste plastic has become an important research topic in the twenty-first century. Although biomass is natural and plastic synthetic, the chemical nature of the two are not as distinct as they first appear. They share substantial structural similarities in terms of their polymeric nature and the types of bonds linking their monomeric units, resulting in close relationships between the two materials and their conversions. Previously, their transformations were mostly studied and reviewed separately in the literature. Here, we summarize the catalytic conversion of biomass and waste plastics, with a focus on bond activation chemistry and catalyst design. By tracking the historical and more recent developments, it becomes clear that biomass and plastic have not only evolved their unique conversion pathways but have also started to cross paths with each other, with each influencing the landscape of the other. As a result, this Review on the catalytic conversion of biomass and waste plastic in a unified angle offers improved insights into existing technologies, and more importantly, may enable new opportunities for future advances. ![]()
Biomass and plastic share structural similarities in their composition and types of bond linkage between their monomeric units. Reviewing their catalytic conversion technologies in a unified angle provides new insights and opportunities for future advances.
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7
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Sang Y, Chen H, Khalifeh M, Li Y. Catalysis and chemistry of lignin depolymerization in alcohol solvents - A review. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Gao W, Wu G, Zhu X, Asif Akhtar M, Lin G, Hu X, Huang Y, Zhang S, Zhang H. Production of methyl levulinate from cellulose over cobalt disulfide: The importance of the crystal facet (111). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126436. [PMID: 34848331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of cellulose to platform chemicals has attracted much attention because of its renewability. This work proposed an earth-abundant cobalt disulfide as a heterogeneous catalyst for methyl levulinate production from cellulose. The highest yield of methyl levulinate reached 61 mol% under the tested conditions of 200 °C, 2 MPa initial pressure, 0.45 catalyst/cellulose mass ratio, and 3 h reaction time. The XRD and TEM analyses demonstrated the crystal facet (111) of cobalt disulfide as a robust active site, which was in good agreement with the highest acidity of the crystal facet (111) calculated by the work functions. The XPS characterization showed that the main chemical valence of cobalt disulfide responsible for the methyl levulinate production was the surface Co2+ species. This study is valuable for the development of a recoverable catalyst for the cellulose to methyl levulinate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Muhammad Asif Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, G.T. Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Guiying Lin
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, No.1, Cihu Road 1, Huangshi, Hubei 430052, China
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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9
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Abstract
Being the major renewable source of bio-aromatics, lignin possesses considerable potential for the chemical industry as raw material. Kraft lignin is a couple product of paper industry with an annual production of 55,000,000 ton/y and is considered the largest share of available lignin. Here we report a facile approach of Kraft lignin depolymerization to defined oligomeric units with yields of up to 70 wt.%. The process implies utilization of an aqueous base in combination with a metal containing catalyst and an alcohol under non-oxidative atmosphere at 300 °C. An advantage of the developed approach is the facile separation of the oligomer product that precipitates from the reaction mixture. In addition, the process proceeds without char formation; both factors make it attractive for industrialization. The suppression of the repolymerization processes that lead to char formation is possible when the combination of metal containing catalyst in the presence of an alcohol is used. It was found that the oligomer units have structural features found in phenol-acetaldehyde resins. These features result from the base catalyzed condensation of lignin fragments with in situ formed aldehydes. Catalytic dehydrogenation of the alcohol provides the latter. This reaction pathway is confirmed by the presence condensation products of Guerbet type reactions.
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10
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Lee JG, Lee S, Lee H, Kurisingal JF, Han SH, Kim YH, An K. Complete utilization of waste lignin: preparation of lignin-derived carbon supports and conversion of lignin-derived guaiacol to nylon precursors. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new catalytic process was developed to produce raw materials for nylon production utilizing 100% of waste lignin emitted from industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gyeong Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinjae Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintu Francis Kurisingal
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjin An
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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11
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Azad T, Torres HF, Auad ML, Elder T, Adamczyk AJ. Isolating key reaction energetics and thermodynamic properties during hardwood model lignin pyrolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20919-20935. [PMID: 34541592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on the pyrolysis of lignin using electronic structure methods have been largely limited to dimeric or trimeric models. In the current work we have modeled a lignin oligomer consisting of 10 syringyl units linked through 9 β-O-4' bonds. A lignin model of this size is potentially more representative of the polymer in angiosperms; therefore, we used this representative model to examine the behavior of hardwood lignin during the initial steps of pyrolysis. Using this oligomer, the present work aims to determine if and how the reaction enthalpies of bond cleavage vary with positions within the chain. To accomplish this, we utilized a composite method using molecular mechanics based conformational sampling and quantum mechanically based density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our key results show marked differences in bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) with the position. In addition, we calculated standard thermodynamic properties, including enthalpy of formation, heat capacity, entropy, and Gibbs free energy for a wide range of temperatures from 25 K to 1000 K. The prediction of these thermodynamic properties and the reaction enthalpies will benefit further computational studies and cross-validation with pyrolysis experiments. Overall, the results demonstrate the utility of a better understanding of lignin pyrolysis for its effective valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzina Azad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Hazl F Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Maria L Auad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. .,Center for Polymer and Advanced Composites, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Thomas Elder
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Andrew J Adamczyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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12
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Zhang X, Levia DF, Ebikade EO, Chang J, Vlachos DG, Wu C. The impact of differential lignin S/G ratios on mutagenicity and chicken embryonic toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:423-435. [PMID: 34448506 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignin and lignin-based materials have received considerable attention in various fields due to their promise as sustainable feedstocks. Guaiacol (G) and syringol (S) are two primary monolignols that occur in different ratios for different plant species. As methoxyphenols, G and S have been targeted as atmospheric pollutants and their acute toxicity examined. However, there is a rare understanding of the toxicological properties on other endpoints and mixture effects of these monolignols. To fill this knowledge gap, our study investigated the impact of different S/G ratios (0.5, 1, and 2) and three lignin depolymerization samples from poplar, pine, and miscanthus species on mutagenicity and developmental toxicity. A multitiered method consisted of in silico simulation, in vitro Ames test, and in vivo chicken embryonic assay was employed. In the Ames test, syringol showed a sign of mutagenicity, whereas guaiacol did not, which agreed with the T.E.S.T. simulation. For three S and G mixture and lignin monomers, mutagenic activity was related to the proportion of syringol. In addition, both S and G showed developmental toxicity in the chicken embryonic assay and T.E.S.T. simulation, and guaiacol had a severe effect on lipid peroxidation. A similar trend and comparable developmental toxicity levels were detected for S and G mixtures and the three lignin depolymerized monomers. This study provides data and insights on the differential toxicity of varying S/G ratios for some important building blocks for bio-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Delphis F Levia
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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13
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Zhang H, Fu S, Du X, Deng Y. Advances in Versatile Nanoscale Catalyst for the Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2268-2294. [PMID: 33811470 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past five years, biomass-derived biofuels and biochemicals were widely studied both in academia and industry as promising alternatives to petroleum. In this Review, the latest progress of the synthesis and fabrication of porous nanocatalysts that are used in catalytic transformations involving hydrogenolysis of lignin is reviewed in terms of their textural properties, catalytic activities, and stabilities. A particular emphasis is made with regard to the catalyst design for the hydrogenolysis of lignin and/or lignin model compounds. Furthermore, the effects of different supports on the lignin hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of lignin hydrogenolysis over nanomaterial-supported catalysts are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and RBI at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, USA
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xu Du
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and RBI at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, USA
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14
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Li S, Kim S, Davis AH, Zhuang J, Shuler EW, Willinger D, Lee JJ, Zheng W, Sherman BD, Yoo CG, Leem G. Photocatalytic Chemoselective C–C Bond Cleavage at Room Temperature in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Saerona Kim
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Andrew H. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Jingshun Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Eric Wolfgang Shuler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Debora Willinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy Materials and Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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15
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Guo P, Liao S, Wang S, Shi J, Tong X. Highly efficient and selectivity-controllable aerobic oxidative cleavage of C-C bond over heterogeneous Fe-based catalysts. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Dong L, Xia J, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang H, Wang Y. Mechanisms of Caromatic-C bonds cleavage in lignin over NbOx-supported Ru catalyst. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Li H, Song G. Paving the Way for the Lignin Hydrogenolysis Mechanism by Deuterium-Incorporated β-O-4 Mimics. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoyong Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Liu X, Bouxin FP, Fan J, Budarin VL, Hu C, Clark JH. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin towards Phenolic Chemicals: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4296-4317. [PMID: 32662564 PMCID: PMC7540457 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficient valorization of lignin could dictate the success of the 2nd generation biorefinery. Lignin, accounting for on average a third of the lignocellulosic biomass, is the most promising candidate for sustainable production of value-added phenolics. However, the structural alteration induced during lignin isolation is often depleting its potential for value-added chemicals. Recently, catalytic reductive depolymerization of lignin has appeared to be a promising and effective method for its valorization to obtain phenolic monomers. The present study systematically summarizes the far-reaching and state-of-the-art lignin valorization strategies during different stages, including conventional catalytic depolymerization of technical lignin, emerging reductive catalytic fractionation of protolignin, stabilization strategies to inhibit the undesired condensation reactions, and further catalytic upgrading of lignin-derived monomers. Finally, the potential challenges for the future researches on the efficient valorization of lignin and possible solutions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Florent P Bouxin
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Vitaliy L Budarin
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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19
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Wang S, Li WX, Yang YQ, Chen X, Ma J, Chen C, Xiao LP, Sun RC. Unlocking Structure-Reactivity Relationships for Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Lignin into Phenolic Monomers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4548-4556. [PMID: 32419330 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin depolymerization into aromatic monomers with high yields and selectivity is essential for the economic feasibility of biorefinery. However, the relationship between lignin structure and its reactivity for upgradeability is still poorly understood, in large part owing to the difficulty in quantitative characterization of lignin structural properties. To overcome these shortcomings, advanced NMR technologies [2D HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and 31 P] were used to accurately quantify lignin functionalities. Diverse lignin samples prepared from Eucalyptus grandis with varying β-O-4 linkages were subjected to Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenolysis for efficient C-O bond cleavage to achieve theoretical monomer yields. Strong correlations were observed between the yield of monomeric aromatic compounds and the structural features of lignin, including the contents of β-O-4 linkages and phenolic hydroxyl groups. Notably, a combined yield of up to 44.1 wt % was obtained from β-aryl ether rich in native lignin, whereas much lower yields were obtained from technical lignins low in β-aryl ether content. This work quantitatively demonstrates that the lignin reactivity for acquiring aromatic monomer yields varies depending on the lignin fractionation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuizhong Wang
- Center for Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xin Li
- Center for Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qin Yang
- Center for Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Center for Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jiliang Ma
- Center for Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Changzhou Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ping Xiao
- Center for Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Center for Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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20
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Shen X, Xin Y, Liu H, Han B. Product-oriented Direct Cleavage of Chemical Linkages in Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4367-4381. [PMID: 32449257 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most important biomacromolecules in the plant biomass and the largest renewable source of aromatic building blocks in nature. Selectively producing value-added chemicals from the catalytic transformation of renewable lignin is of strategic significance and meet sustainability targets owing to the excessive consumption of non-renewable petroleum resource, but remains a long-term challenge owing to the complexity of lignin structure. This Minireview provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that provides insight into selectively catalytic transformations of lignin and its derived monomers via directed scissor of chemical linkages (C-O and C-C bonds) with product-oriented targets. Furthermore, some challenges and opportunities of lignin catalytic transformation are provided based on existing problems in this field for readers to discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
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21
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Zhu D, Liang N, Zhang R, Ahmad F, Zhang W, Yang B, Wu J, Geng A, Gabriel M, Sun J. Insight into Depolymerization Mechanism of Bacterial Laccase for Lignin. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:12920-12933. [DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 212013
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100# Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Liang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Rongxian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Fiaz Ahmad
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100# Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jian Wu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Alei Geng
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Murillo Gabriel
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 212013
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22
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Phan DP, Lee EY. Controlled hydrogenolysis over heterogeneous catalysts for lignin valorization. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1770401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieu-Phuong Phan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Korea
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23
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Cao Y, Zhang C, Tsang DC, Fan J, Clark JH, Zhang S. Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignin to Aromatic Chemicals: Impact of Lignin Structure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Daniel C.W. Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - James H. Clark
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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24
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Xiao C, Du Z, Li S, Zhao Y, Liang C. Vanadium Oxide‐Nitride Composites for Catalytic Oxidative C−C Bond Cleavage of Cyclohexanol into Lactones with Dioxygen. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuhong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 P. R. China
| | - Zhongtian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Li
- School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 P. R. China
| | - Changhai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 P. R. China
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25
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Li JY, Li YH, Qi MY, Lin Q, Tang ZR, Xu YJ. Selective Organic Transformations over Cadmium Sulfide-Based Photocatalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Rong Tang
- College of Chemistry, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P.R. China
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26
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Photocatalytic Cleavage of β- O-4 Ether Bonds in Lignin over Ni/TiO 2. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092109. [PMID: 32365962 PMCID: PMC7249180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of great importance to explore the selective hydrogenolysis of β-O-4 linkages, which account for 45–60% of all linkages in native lignin, to produce valued-added chemicals and fuels from biomass employing UV light as catalyst. TiO2 exhibited satisfactory catalytic performances in various photochemical reactions, due to its versatile advantages involving high catalytic activity, low cost and non-toxicity. In this work, 20 wt.% Ni/TiO2 and oxidant PCC (Pyridinium chlorochromate) were employed to promote the cleavage of β-O-4 alcohol to obtain high value chemicals under UV irradiation at room temperature. The Ni/TiO2 photocatalyst can be magnetically recovered and efficiently reused in the following four consecutive recycling tests in the cleavage of β-O-4 ether bond in lignin. Mechanism studies suggested that the oxidation of β-O-4 alcohol to β-O-4 ketone by oxidant PCC first occurred during the reaction, and was followed by the photocatalysis of the obtained β-O-4 ketone to corresponding acetophenone and phenol derivates. Furthermore, the system was tested on a variety of lignin model substrates containing β-O-4 linkage for the generation of fragmentation products in good to excellent results.
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27
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Aldehydes-Aided Lignin-First Deconstruction Strategy for Facilitating Lignin Monomers and Fermentable Glucose Production from Poplar Wood. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lignin with fine structures and facile enzymatic saccharifying residue were successively dissociated based on the lignin-first biomass deconstruction strategy. In the lignin-first process, aldehyde-protected lignin fractions were firstly isolated by acid-catalyzed dioxane extraction in the presence of formaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) and then analyzed by advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The optimized hydrogenolysis of the extracted lignin (LFA and LAA) resulted in a high yield (42.57% and 33.00%) of lignin monomers with high product selectivity (mainly 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenol) (39.93% and 46.61%). Moreover, the cellulose-rich residues were saccharified into fermentable glucose for bioethanol production. The glucose yield of the substrate (RAA) reached to 75.12%, which was significantly higher than that (15.4%) of the substrate (RFA). In short, the lignin-first biomass deconstruction by adding AA is a promising and sustainable process for producing value-added products (energy and fine chemicals) from lignocellulosic biomass.
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28
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Liu H, Li H, Luo N, Wang F. Visible-Light-Induced Oxidative Lignin C–C Bond Cleavage to Aldehydes Using Vanadium Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
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29
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Wang M, Wang F. Catalytic Scissoring of Lignin into Aryl Monomers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901866. [PMID: 31821648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an aromatic polymer, which is the biggest and most sustainable reservoir for aromatics. The selective conversion of lignin polymers into aryl monomers is a promising route to provide aromatics, but it is also a challenging task. Compared to cellulose, lignin remains the most poorly utilized biopolymer due to its complex structure. Although harsh conditions can degrade lignin, the aromatic rings are usually destroyed. This article comprehensively analyzes the challenges facing the scissoring of lignin into aryl monomers and summarizes the recent progress, focusing on the strategies and the catalysts to address the problems. Finally, emphasis is given to the outlook and future directions of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
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30
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Detection and Identification of Lignosulfonate Depolymerization Products Using UPLC-QTOF-MS and a Self-Built Database. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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31
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Cao Y, Chen SS, Zhang S, Ok YS, Matsagar BM, Wu KCW, Tsang DCW. Advances in lignin valorization towards bio-based chemicals and fuels: Lignin biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121878. [PMID: 31377047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most promising renewable sources for aromatic hydrocarbons, while effective depolymerization towards its constituent monomers is a particular challenge because of the structural complexity and stability. Intensive research efforts have been directed towards exploiting effective valorization of lignin for the production of bio-based platform chemicals and fuels. The present contribution aims to provide a critical review of key advances in the identification of exact lignin structure subjected to various fractionation technologies and demonstrate the key roles of lignin structures in depolymerization for unique functionalized products. Various technologies (e.g., thermocatalytic approaches, photocatalytic conversion, and mechanochemical depolymerization) are reviewed and evaluated in terms of feasibility and potential for further upgrading. Overall, advances in pristine lignin structure analysis and conversion technologies can facilitate recovery and subsequent utilization of lignin towards tailored commodity chemicals and fungible fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Season S Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Babasaheb M Matsagar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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32
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Kang Y, Lu X, Zhang G, Yao X, Xin J, Yang S, Yang Y, Xu J, Feng M, Zhang S. Metal-Free Photochemical Degradation of Lignin-Derived Aryl Ethers and Lignin by Autologous Radicals through Ionic Liquid Induction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4005-4013. [PMID: 31291505 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of lignin into aromatic products is very important, but harsh conditions and metal-based catalysts are commonly needed to cleave the inert bonds. Herein, an efficient self-initiated radical photochemical degradation for lignin-derived aryl ethers through ionic liquids (ILs) induction is demonstrated. The C-C/C-O bonds can be cleaved efficiently through free-radical-mediated reaction in the binary-ILs system 1-propenyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide [PMim][NTf2 ] and the Brønsted acid 1-propylsulfonic-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([PrSO3 HMim][OTf]) under ambient conditions. [PMim][NTf2 ] initiates the reaction by promoting the cleavage of the Cβ -H bond, and [PrSO3 HMim][OTf] catalyzes the subsequent C-O-C bond fragmentation. Furthermore, alkyl, hydroxyl, and peroxy radicals are detected, which suggests degradation based on a photochemical free-radical process. Additionally, alkali lignin could also be degraded in the IL system. This work sheds light on sustainable biomass utilization through a self-initiated radical photochemical strategy under metal-free and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guangjin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junli Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mi Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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33
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Wang QL, Zhou CS, Xiong BQ, Yang CA, Tang KW. Synthesis of 2-Acyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalenes by Silver-Promoted Oxidative C–C σ-Bond Acylation/Arylation of Alkylidenecyclopropanes with α-Ketoacids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9984-9994. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Qiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Cong-Shan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Chang-An Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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34
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Dong L, Lin L, Han X, Si X, Liu X, Guo Y, Lu F, Rudić S, Parker SF, Yang S, Wang Y. Breaking the Limit of Lignin Monomer Production via Cleavage of Interunit Carbon–Carbon Linkages. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Liu Y, Wang QL, Chen Z, Zhou Q, Li H, Xu WY, Xiong BQ, Tang KW. Oxone-Mediated Radical C–C Bond Acetmethylation/Arylation of Methylenecyclopropanes and Vinylcyclopropanes with α-Alkyl Ketones: Facile Access to Oxoalkyl-Substituted 3,4-Dihydronaphthalenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5413-5424. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Qiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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36
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Sun K, Chen S, Zhang J, Lu GP, Cai C. Cobalt Nanoparticles Embedded inN-Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Bimetallic Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for One-Pot Selective Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Sun
- Chemical Engineering College; Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200; Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Shujie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Chemical Engineering College; Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200; Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Lu
- Chemical Engineering College; Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200; Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Chun Cai
- Chemical Engineering College; Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200; Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
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